ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sarah Bergbreiter - Microroboticist
Sarah Bergbreiter packs advanced technologies into tiny robots that can overcome obstacles 80 times their height.

Why you should listen

Sarah Bergbreiter runs the Maryland Microrobotics Laboratory at the University of Maryland, where she develops innovative technologies that could advance medicine, consumer electronics and other sciences. She joined the university in 2008 as an assistant professor of mechanical engineering.

Having received her B.S.E degree in electrical engineering from Princeton, she worked on her M.S. and Ph.D. at Berkeley, which is where she focused on microrobotics. She has received multiple awards for her work, including the DARPA Young Faculty Award in 2008 and the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists in 2013.

More profile about the speaker
Sarah Bergbreiter | Speaker | TED.com
TEDYouth 2014

Sarah Bergbreiter: Why I make robots the size of a grain of rice

Sarah Bergbreiter: Zašto izrađujem robote veličine zrna riže?

Filmed:
1,663,866 views

Proučavajući kretanje i tijela insekata poput mrava, Sarah Bergbreiter i njen tim grade nevjerojatno otporne, super malene, mehaničke verzije kukaca ... i onda dodaju rakete. Pogledajte njihove zapanjujuće razvoje u mikro-robotici, i poslušajte o tri načina kako možemo koristiti ove male pomagače u budućnosti.
- Microroboticist
Sarah Bergbreiter packs advanced technologies into tiny robots that can overcome obstacles 80 times their height. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
My studentsstudenti and I
work on very tinysićušan robotsroboti.
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Moji studenti i ja radimo
na jako malim robotima.
00:16
Now, you can think of these
as roboticrobotski versionsverzije
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Sada, možete gledati na njih
kao robotske verzije
00:18
of something that you're all
very familiarupoznat with: an antmrav.
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nečega što vam je vrlo poznato: mrav.
00:22
We all know that antsmravi
and other insectsinsekata at this sizeveličina scaleljestvica
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Svi znamo da mravi i drugi insekti
ove veličine
00:24
can do some prettyprilično incrediblenevjerojatan things.
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mogu učiniti neke poprilično
nevjerojatne stvari.
00:27
We'veMoramo all seenvidio a groupskupina of antsmravi,
or some versionverzija of that,
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Svi smo vidjeli grupu mrava,
ili neku verziju toga,
00:30
cartingkarting off your potatokrumpir chipčip
at a picnicpiknik, for exampleprimjer.
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kako odnose komad čipsa
na pikniku, na primjer.
00:34
But what are the realstvaran challengesizazovi
of engineeringinženjering these antsmravi?
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Ali što su pravi izazovi u
izradi ovakvih mrava?
00:38
Well, first of all, how do we get
the capabilitiessposobnosti of an antmrav
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Prvo, kako sposobnosti jednog mrava
00:42
in a robotrobot at the sameisti sizeveličina scaleljestvica?
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ubaciti u robota iste veličine?
00:44
Well, first we need to figurelik out
how to make them movepotez
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Pa, prvo moramo utvrditi kako ih pokretati
00:46
when they're so smallmali.
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kada su tako mali.
00:48
We need mechanismsmehanizmi like legsnoge
and efficientučinkovit motorsmotori
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Trebamo mehanizme poput nogu,
i učinkovite motore
00:50
in ordernarudžba to supportpodrška that locomotionmotorički,
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kako bismo podržali to kretanje,
00:52
and we need the sensorssenzori,
powervlast and controlkontrolirati
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i trebamo senzore,
napajanje i kontrolu
00:54
in ordernarudžba to pullVuci everything togetherzajedno
in a semi-intelligentpolu-inteligentni antmrav robotrobot.
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kako bismo sve povezali
u poluinteligentnog mrava robota.
00:58
And finallykonačno, to make
these things really functionalfunkcionalna,
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I konačno, kako bi te stvari
postale upotrebljive,
01:01
we want a lot of them workingrad togetherzajedno
in ordernarudžba to do biggerveći things.
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želimo ih imati puno kako bi
činile veće stvari.
01:05
So I'll startpočetak with mobilitymobilnost.
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Počet ću s pokretljivošću.
01:07
InsectsKukci movepotez around amazinglyzačuđeno well.
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Insekti se kreću začuđujuće dobro.
Ovo je video sa sveučilišta Berkeley.
01:11
This videovideo is from UCUC BerkeleyBerkeley.
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01:12
It showspokazuje a cockroachžohar movingkreće
over incrediblynevjerojatno roughhrapav terrainterena
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Prikazuje žohara koji se kreće
preko nevjerojatno teškog terena
01:15
withoutbez tippingtipping over,
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bez da se prevrne,
01:17
and it's ableu stanju to do this because its legsnoge
are a combinationkombinacija of rigidkrute materialsmaterijali,
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i to može učiniti jer su njegove noge
kombinacija krutih materijala,
01:21
whichkoji is what we traditionallytradicionalno
use to make robotsroboti,
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koje tradicionalno koristimo
za izradu robota,
01:23
and softmekan materialsmaterijali.
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i mekih materijala.
01:26
JumpingSkakanje is anotherjoš really interestingzanimljiv way
to get around when you're very smallmali.
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Skakanje je još jedan zanimljiv način
kretanja kada si malen.
01:30
So these insectsinsekata storedućan energyenergija in a springProljeće
and releasepuštanje that really quicklybrzo
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Ovi insekti spremaju energiju u oprugu
i otpuštaju je vrlo brzo
01:34
to get the highvisok powervlast they need
to jumpskok out of watervoda, for exampleprimjer.
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kako bi dobili veliku snagu
da iskoče iz vode, na primjer.
01:38
So one of the bigvelika
contributionsdoprinosi from my lablaboratorija
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Jedan od velikih doprinosa
iz mog laboratorija
01:41
has been to combinekombinirati
rigidkrute and softmekan materialsmaterijali
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je bilo kombiniranje
krutih i mekih materijala
01:44
in very, very smallmali mechanismsmehanizmi.
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u vrlo, vrlo male mehanizme.
01:46
So this jumpingskakanje mechanismmehanizam
is about fourčetiri millimetersmilimetara on a sidestrana,
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Ovaj mehanizam za skakanje
je 4 milimetra velik,
01:49
so really tinysićušan.
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dakle vrlo malen.
01:51
The hardteško materialmaterijal here is siliconsilicij,
and the softmekan materialmaterijal is siliconesilikon rubberguma.
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Tvrdi materijal ovdje je silikon,
a meki je silikonska guma.
01:55
And the basicosnovni ideaideja is that
we're going to compressoblog this,
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I osnovna ideja je da ćemo
ovo komprimirati,
pohraniti energiju u opruge,
i onda ju otpustiti kako bi skočio.
01:58
storedućan energyenergija in the springsizvori,
and then releasepuštanje it to jumpskok.
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02:00
So there's no motorsmotori
on boardodbor this right now, no powervlast.
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Nema motora u ovom trenutku,
nema snage.
02:04
This is actuatedaktiviran with a methodnačin
that we call in my lablaboratorija
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Ovo potičemo s metodom
koju u mom labosu zovemo
02:07
"graduatediplomirani studentstudent with tweezerspinceta."
(LaughterSmijeh)
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"diplomac sa pincetom."
(Smijeh)
02:09
So what you'llvi ćete see in the nextSljedeći videovideo
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Ono što ćete vidjeti u sljedećm videu
02:11
is this guy doing
amazinglyzačuđeno well for its jumpsskokovi.
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jest kako ovaj mali
iznimno dobro skače.
02:14
So this is AaronAaron, the graduatediplomirani studentstudent
in questionpitanje, with the tweezerspinceta,
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Ovo je Aaron, spomenuti diplomac,
sa pincetom,
02:18
and what you see is this
four-millimeter-sized4 mm veličine mechanismmehanizam
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i ono što vidite je ovaj mehanizam
od 4 milimetra
02:20
jumpingskakanje almostskoro 40 centimeterscentimetara highvisok.
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kako skače gotovo 40 centimetara.
02:23
That's almostskoro 100 timesputa its ownvlastiti lengthdužina.
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To je gotovo stotinu puta njegova dužina.
02:25
And it survivespreživi, bouncesjastuci on the tablestol,
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I preživi, odskakuje od stola,
02:27
it's incrediblynevjerojatno robustrobustan, and of coursenaravno
survivespreživi quitedosta well untildo we loseizgubiti it
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iznimno je otporan, i naravno
preživljava vrlo dobro dok ga ne izgubimo
02:30
because it's very tinysićušan.
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jer je vrlo malen.
02:33
UltimatelyNa kraju, thoughiako, we want
to adddodati motorsmotori to this too,
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U konačnici, ipak, želimo dodati
i motore ovome,
02:36
and we have studentsstudenti in the lablaboratorija
workingrad on millimeter-sizedveličine mm motorsmotori
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i imamo studente u labosu
koji rade na motorima veličine milimetra
02:39
to eventuallyeventualno integrateintegrirati ontona
smallmali, autonomousautonoman robotsroboti.
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kako bi se s vremenom integrirali
na malene, autonomne robote.
02:42
But in ordernarudžba to look at mobilitymobilnost and
locomotionmotorički at this sizeveličina scaleljestvica to startpočetak,
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Ali da bismo vidjeli mobilnost i kretanje
u ovoj veličini u početku,
02:46
we're cheatingvaranje and usingkoristeći magnetsMagneti.
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varamo i koristimo magnete.
02:48
So this showspokazuje what would eventuallyeventualno
be partdio of a micro-robotmikro-robota legnoga,
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Ovo pokazuje što će s vremenom biti dio
mikro-robotske noge,
i možete vidjeti
silikonske gumene zglobove
02:51
and you can see the siliconesilikon rubberguma jointszglobova
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02:53
and there's an embeddedugrađen magnetmagnet
that's beingbiće movedpomaknuto around
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i tu je ugrađeni magnet
koji se pomiče uokolo
02:56
by an externalvanjski magneticmagnetski fieldpolje.
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uz pomoć magnetskog polja.
02:58
So this leadsvodi to the robotrobot
that I showedpokazala you earlierranije.
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Tako da ovo vodi do robota
kojeg sam vam pokazala ranije.
03:02
The really interestingzanimljiv thing
that this robotrobot can help us figurelik out
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Stvarno zanimljiva stvar je
da nam taj robot može pomoći shvatiti
03:05
is how insectsinsekata movepotez at this scaleljestvica.
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kako se insekti kreću na ovoj veličini.
03:07
We have a really good modelmodel
for how everything
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Imamo dobar model kako se kreće sve
03:09
from a cockroachžohar up to an elephantslon movespotezi.
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od žohara do slona.
03:11
We all movepotez in this
kindljubazan of bouncyodskočiti way when we runtrčanje.
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Svi se krećemo na ovaj nekako skakutavi
način kada trčimo.
03:14
But when I'm really smallmali,
the forcessnaga betweenizmeđu my feetnoge and the groundtlo
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Ali kada sam stvarno malen,
sile između mojih nogu i tla
03:18
are going to affectutjecati my locomotionmotorički
a lot more than my massmasa,
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utjecat će na moje kretanje
puno više od moje mase,
03:21
whichkoji is what causesuzroci that bouncyodskočiti motionpokret.
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što uzrokuje to skakutavo kretanje.
03:23
So this guy doesn't work quitedosta yetjoš,
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Tako da taj robot još ne radi,
03:25
but we do have slightlymalo largerveći versionsverzije
that do runtrčanje around.
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ali imamo malo veće verzije koje
trče uokolo.
03:28
So this is about a centimetercentimetar cubedu kubu,
a centimetercentimetar on a sidestrana, so very tinysićušan,
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To je centimater kubni, centimetar
na svakoj strani, dakle vrlo maleno,
i postigli smo da trči
otprilike 10 tjelesnih dužina u sekundi,
03:32
and we'veimamo gottendobivši this to runtrčanje
about 10 bodytijelo lengthsduljine perpo seconddrugi,
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dakle 10 centimetara u sekundi.
03:35
so 10 centimeterscentimetara perpo seconddrugi.
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03:36
It's prettyprilično quickbrz for a little, smallmali guy,
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To je prilično brzo za malog momka,
03:38
and that's really only limitedograničen
by our testtest setupPostava.
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i to je limitirano postavkama našeg testa.
03:41
But this givesdaje you some ideaideja
of how it worksdjela right now.
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Ali to vam daje ideju
kako to sada radi.
03:44
We can alsotakođer make 3D-printedD-tiskano versionsverzije
of this that can climbpopeti se over obstaclesprepreke,
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Možemo raditi i 3D printane verzije
koje se mogu penjati preko prepreka,
03:47
a lot like the cockroachžohar
that you saw earlierranije.
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slično kao žohar kojeg ste vidjeli ranije.
03:51
But ultimatelyna kraju we want to adddodati
everything onboardna brodu the robotrobot.
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Ali u konačnici želimo
dodati sve na robota.
03:54
We want sensingočitavanje, powervlast, controlkontrolirati,
actuationpotisku spreja all togetherzajedno,
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Želimo opažanje, snagu, kontrolu,
pokretanje, sve zajedno,
03:58
and not everything
needspotrebe to be bio-inspiredbio nadahnut.
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i ne mora sve biti bio inspirirano.
04:00
So this robot'srobota about
the sizeveličina of a TicTic TacTac.
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Ovaj robot je veličine Tic Taca.
04:04
And in this casespis, insteadumjesto of magnetsMagneti
or musclesmišići to movepotez this around,
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I u ovom slučaju, umjesto magneta
ili mišića za kretanje,
04:08
we use rocketsrakete.
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koristimo rakete.
04:10
So this is a micro-fabricatedmikro-proizveden
energeticenergičan materialmaterijal,
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Ovo je mikro-konstruirani
energetski materijal,
04:13
and we can createstvoriti tinysićušan pixelspiksela of this,
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i možemo stvoriti malene piksele od ovoga,
04:15
and we can put one of these pixelspiksela
on the bellytrbuh of this robotrobot,
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i možemo staviti jedan od tih piksela
na trbuh robota,
04:19
and this robotrobot, then, is going to jumpskok
when it sensesosjetila an increasepovećati in lightsvjetlo.
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i ovaj robot, će potom, skočliti kada
osjeti promjenu u svjetlosti.
04:24
So the nextSljedeći videovideo is one of my favoritesFavoriti.
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Sljedeći video mi je jedan od najdražih.
04:26
So you have this 300-milligram-miligram robotrobot
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Imate 300-miligramskog robota
04:29
jumpingskakanje about eightosam
centimeterscentimetara in the airzrak.
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koji skače osam centimetara u zrak.
04:32
It's only fourčetiri by fourčetiri
by sevensedam millimetersmilimetara in sizeveličina.
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Velik je tek četiri puta četiri
puta sedam milimetara.
04:35
And you'llvi ćete see a bigvelika flashbljesak
at the beginningpočetak
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I vidjet ćete veliki bljesak
na početku
04:37
when the energeticenergičan is setset off,
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kada se pokrene energetika,
04:38
and the robotrobot tumblinggimnastika throughkroz the airzrak.
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i robot se kotrlja zrakom.
04:40
So there was that bigvelika flashbljesak,
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Tu je bio taj veliki bljesak,
04:42
and you can see the robotrobot
jumpingskakanje up throughkroz the airzrak.
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i možete vidjeti robota
kako skače kroz zrak.
04:45
So there's no tethersspona on this,
no wiresžice connectingspojni to this.
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Nema spona na ovome,
nema žica koje to povezuju.
04:48
Everything is onboardna brodu,
and it jumpedskočio in responseodgovor
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Sve je na njemu,
i skočio je u odgovor
04:51
to the studentstudent just flickinglaganim on
a deskstol lampsvjetiljka nextSljedeći to it.
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na to što je student upalio
stolnu lampu pored njega.
04:55
So I think you can imaginezamisliti
all the coolsvjež things that we could do
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Tako da mislim da možete zamisliti
sve super stvari koje možemo učiniti
04:59
with robotsroboti that can runtrčanje and crawlpuzati
and jumpskok and rollsvitak at this sizeveličina scaleljestvica.
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s robotima koji mogu trčati i puzati
i skakati i kotrljati se na ovoj veličini.
05:03
ImagineZamislite the rubblekrš that you get after
a naturalprirodni disasterkatastrofa like an earthquakepotres.
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Zamislite krš koji dobijete
nakon prirodne katastrofe poput potresa.
05:07
ImagineZamislite these smallmali robotsroboti
runningtrčanje throughkroz that rubblekrš
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Zamislite te male robote
kako trče kroz taj krš
05:10
to look for survivorspreživjeli.
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tražeći preživjele.
05:12
Or imaginezamisliti a lot of smallmali robotsroboti
runningtrčanje around a bridgemost
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Ili zamislite puno malih robota
kako trče oko mosta
05:15
in ordernarudžba to inspectpregledati it
and make sure it's safesef
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kako bi ga pregledali i
utvrdili da je siguran
05:17
so you don't get collapsessruši like this,
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tako da vam se ne dogode rušenja
poput ovoga,
05:19
whichkoji happeneddogodilo outsideizvan of
MinneapolisMinneapolis in 2007.
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koje se dogodilo izvan Minneapolisa
u 2007.
05:23
Or just imaginezamisliti what you could do
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Ili zamislite što biste mogli učiniti
05:25
if you had robotsroboti that could
swimplivati throughkroz your bloodkrv.
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kada bi vam roboti mogli
plivati kroz krv.
05:27
Right? "FantasticFantastičan VoyagePutovanje," IsaacIsaac AsimovAsimov.
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Zar ne?
"Fantastično putovanje", Isaac Asimov.
05:30
Or they could operateraditi withoutbez havingima
to cutrez you openotvoren in the first placemjesto.
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Ili bi vas mogli operirati
bez da vas razrežu.
05:34
Or we could radicallytemeljito changepromijeniti
the way we buildizgraditi things
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Ili bi mogli radikalno promijeniti
način gradnje
05:37
if we have our tinysićušan robotsroboti
work the sameisti way that termitestermiti do,
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ako imamo malene robote
koji rade kao termiti,
05:40
and they buildizgraditi these incrediblenevjerojatan
eight-meter-highosam metara visokog moundshumci,
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i grade ove nevjerojatne
osam metarske humke,
05:43
effectivelyučinkovito well ventilatedventilirani
apartmentapartman buildingsgrađevine for other termitestermiti
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učinkovito prozračene
stanove za druge termite
05:47
in AfricaAfrika and AustraliaAustralija.
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u Africi i Australiji.
05:49
So I think I've givendan you
some of the possibilitiesmogućnosti
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Mislim da sam vam dala neke od mogućnosti
05:51
of what we can do with these smallmali robotsroboti.
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onoga što možemo činiti
s ovim malim robotima.
05:54
And we'veimamo madenapravljen some advancesnapredak so fardaleko,
but there's still a long way to go,
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I napravili smo neke napretke do sada,
ali još je dug put pred nama,
05:58
and hopefullynadajmo se some of you
can contributedoprinijeti to that destinationodredište.
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i nadam se da će neki od vas doprinjeti
tome cilju.
06:01
ThanksHvala very much.
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Hvala vam puno.
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sarah Bergbreiter - Microroboticist
Sarah Bergbreiter packs advanced technologies into tiny robots that can overcome obstacles 80 times their height.

Why you should listen

Sarah Bergbreiter runs the Maryland Microrobotics Laboratory at the University of Maryland, where she develops innovative technologies that could advance medicine, consumer electronics and other sciences. She joined the university in 2008 as an assistant professor of mechanical engineering.

Having received her B.S.E degree in electrical engineering from Princeton, she worked on her M.S. and Ph.D. at Berkeley, which is where she focused on microrobotics. She has received multiple awards for her work, including the DARPA Young Faculty Award in 2008 and the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists in 2013.

More profile about the speaker
Sarah Bergbreiter | Speaker | TED.com