TEDGlobal 2010
Julian Treasure: Shh! Sound health in 8 steps
Julian Treasure: Ššš! Zvukovno zdravlje u 8 koraka
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Julian Treasure tvrdi kako naš sve bučniji svijet nagriza naše mentalno zdravlje -- čak i uzima živote. Iznosi nam plan od 8 koraka kako ublažiti ovaj zvučni napad (počevši od jeftinih čepića za uši) i vratiti naš odnos sa zvukom.
Julian Treasure - Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The Hindus say, "Nada brahma,"
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Hindusi kažu, "Nada brahma",
00:18
one translation of which is, "The world is sound."
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jedan od prijevoda bi bio, "Svijet je zvuk."
00:21
And in a way, that's true, because everything is vibrating.
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I, na neki način, to je istina, jer sve vibrira.
00:24
In fact, all of you as you sit here right now are vibrating.
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U stvari, svi vi dok sjedite ovdje vibrirate.
00:27
Every part of your body is vibrating at different frequencies.
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Svaki dio našeg tijela vibrira na drugoj frekvenciji.
00:30
So you are, in fact, a chord --
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Tako ste vi, u stvari, akord
00:32
each of you an individual chord.
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svatko od vas zasebni akord.
00:34
One definition of health may be
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Jedna definicija zdravlja bi mogla biti
00:36
that that chord is in complete harmony.
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da je taj akord u potpunoj harmoniji.
00:38
Your ears can't hear that chord;
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Vaše uši ne mogu čuti taj akord.
00:40
they can actually hear amazing things. Your ears can hear 10 octaves.
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U stvari one mogu čuti frapantne stvari. Vaše uši mogu čuti 10 oktava.
00:43
Incidentally, we see just one octave.
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Sporedno, vidimo samo jednu oktavu.
00:46
Your ears are always on -- you have no ear lids.
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Vaše uši su uvijek uključene. Nemate kapke za uši.
00:48
They work even when you sleep.
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One rade čak i kada spavate.
00:50
The smallest sound you can perceive
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Najmanji zvuk koji možete percipirati
00:52
moves your eardrum just four atomic diameters.
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pomiče vaše bubnjiće za samo četiri atomska dijametra.
00:55
The loudest sound you can hear
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Najjači zvuk koji možete čuti
00:57
is a trillion times more powerful than that.
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je bilijun puta moćniji od toga.
00:59
Ears are made not for hearing,
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Uši nisu stvorene da čuju,
01:01
but for listening.
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već da slušaju.
01:03
Listening is an active skill,
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Slušanje je aktivna vještina.
01:05
whereas hearing is passive, listening is something that we have to work at --
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Dok je čujenje pasivno, slušanje je nešto na čemu trebamo raditi.
01:08
it's a relationship with sound.
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To je odnos sa zvukom.
01:10
And yet it's a skill that none of us are taught.
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A opet to je vještina koju nitko od nas nije učio.
01:12
For example, have you ever considered that there are listening positions,
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Na primjer, jeste li ikada razmišljali kako postoje pozicije za slušanje,
01:15
places you can listen from?
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mjesta sa kojih možete slušati?
01:17
Here are two of them.
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Ovo su dva od njih.
01:19
Reductive listening is listening "for."
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Reduktivno slušanje je slušanje "za".
01:21
It reduces everything down to what's relevant
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Ono reducira sve oko nas na ono što je relevantno,
01:24
and it discards everything that's not relevant.
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i odbacuje sve što nije relevantno.
01:26
Men typically listen reductively.
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Muškarci tipično slučaju reduktivno.
01:28
So he's saying, "I've got this problem."
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Tako on govori, "Imam ovaj problem."
01:30
He's saying, "Here's your solution. Thanks very much. Next."
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On odgovara, "Ovdje je tvoje rješenje. Hvala puno. Slijedeće."
01:32
That's the way we talk, right guys?
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To je način na koji govorimo, točno dečki?
01:34
Expansive listening, on the other hand,
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Ekspanzivno slušanje, u drugu ruku,
01:36
is listening "with," not listening "for."
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je slušanje "sa", ne slušanje "za".
01:38
It's got no destination in mind --
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Ono nema odredište u umu.
01:40
it's just enjoying the journey.
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Ono predstavlja uživanje putovanja.
01:42
Women typically listen expansively.
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Žene tipično slušaju ekspanzivno.
01:44
If you look at these two, eye contact, facing each other,
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Ako pogledate njih dvije, kontakt očima, suočene jedna s drugom,
01:46
possibly both talking at the same time.
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vjerojatno obje govore u isto vrijeme.
01:48
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:51
Men, if you get nothing else out of this talk,
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Muškarci, ako ništa ne dobijete iz ovog govora,
01:53
practice expansive listening,
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vježbajte ekspanzivno slušanje,
01:55
and you can transform your relationships.
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i možete promijeniti svoje veze.
01:57
The trouble with listening is that so much of what we hear
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Problem sa slušanjem je da je puno toga što čujemo
02:00
is noise, surrounding us all the time.
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buka, koja nas okružuje cijelo vrijeme.
02:03
Noise like this, according to the European Union,
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Buka poput ove, prema Europskoj uniji,
02:06
is reducing the health and the quality of life
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smanjuje zdravlje i kvalitetu života
02:08
of 25 percent
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za 25%
02:10
of the population of Europe.
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europske populacije.
02:12
Two percent of the population of Europe --
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2% europske populacije --
02:14
that's 16 million people --
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to je 16 milijuna ljudi --
02:16
are having their sleep devastated
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ima uništene snove
02:18
by noise like that.
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zbog buke poput ove.
02:20
Noise kills
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Buka ubija
02:22
200,000 people a year in Europe.
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200,000 ljudi godišnje u Europi.
02:24
It's a really big problem.
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To je stvarno veliki problem.
02:26
Now, when you were little, if you had noise and you didn't want to hear it,
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Kada ste bili mali i kada ste čuli buku koji niste željeli čuti,
02:28
you'd stick your fingers in your ears and hum.
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stavili biste prste u uši i mrmljali.
02:30
These days, you can do a similar thing, it just looks a bit cooler.
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Danas možete učiniti sličnu stvar, samo što to izgleda malo suptilnije.
02:33
It looks a bit like this.
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Izgleda otprilike ovako.
02:35
The trouble with widespread headphone use
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Problem sa širokom uporabom slušalica
02:37
is it brings three really big health issues.
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jest da donosi tri stvarno velika zdravstvena problema.
02:40
The first really big health issue is a word that Murray Schafer coined:
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Prvi stvarno veliki zdravstveni problem je sročio Murray Schafer:
02:43
"schizophonia."
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"šizofonija."
02:45
It's a dislocation
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To je neusklađenost
02:47
between what you see and what you hear.
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između onoga što vidite i čujete.
02:49
So, we're inviting into our lives
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Dakle pozivamo u naše živote
02:51
the voices of people who are not present with us.
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glasove ljudi koji nisu prisutni.
02:54
I think there's something deeply unhealthy
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Mislim kako postoji nešto jako nezdravo
02:56
about living all the time in schizophonia.
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sa stalnim životom u šizofoniji.
02:58
The second problem that comes with headphone abuse
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Drugi problem koji dolazi s zlouporabom slušalica
03:00
is compression.
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jest kompresija.
03:02
We squash music to fit it into our pocket
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Sažmemo muziku tako da nam stane u džep,
03:04
and there is a cost attached to this.
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i s time je povezan trošak.
03:06
Listen to this -- this is an uncompressed piece of music.
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Slušajte ovo. Ovo je nekomprimirana muzika.
03:09
(Music)
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(Muzika)
03:15
And now the same piece of music with 98 percent of the data removed.
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I sada isti komad muzike s 98 posto uklonjenih podataka.
03:18
(Music)
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(Muzika)
03:22
I do hope that some of you at least
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Nadam se kako bar neki od vas
03:24
can hear the difference between those two.
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mogu čuti razliku između to dvoje.
03:26
There is a cost of compression.
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Tu je trošak kompresije.
03:28
It makes you tired and irritable to have to make up all of that data.
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On vas čini umornim i iziritiranim jer morate nadoknaditi sve te podatke.
03:30
You're having to imagine it.
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Morat ćete ih zamisliti.
03:32
It's not good for you in the long run.
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To nije dobro za vas na dugi rok.
03:34
The third problem with headphones is this: deafness --
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Treći problem sa slušalicama je: gluhoća --
03:37
noise-induced hearing disorder.
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zvukom uzrokovan poremećaj sluha.
03:39
Ten million Americans already have this for one reason or another,
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10 milijuna Amerikanaca već ima ovaj poremećaj, zbog ovog ili onog razloga,
03:42
but really worryingly,
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ali stvarno zabrinjavajuće,
03:44
16 percent --
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16 posto,
03:46
roughly one in six -- of American teenagers
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ugrubo jedan od šest američkih adolescenta
03:48
suffer from noise-induced hearing disorder
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pati od zvukom uzrokovanog poremećaja sluha
03:50
as a result of headphone abuse.
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kao posljedice štetnog djelovanja slušalica.
03:53
One study at an American university
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Jedna studija na jednom američkom sveučilištu
03:55
found that 61 percent of college freshmen
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pronašla je kako 61 posto brucoša
03:58
had damaged hearing
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ima oštećen sluh
04:00
as a result of headphone abuse.
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kao posljedica štetnog djelovanja slušalica.
04:02
We may be raising an entire generation of deaf people.
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Možda podižemo cijelu generaciju gluhih ljudi.
04:05
Now that's a really serious problem.
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To je stvarno ozbiljan problem.
04:07
I'll give you three quick tips to protect your ears
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Dati ću vam tri brza savjeta kako zaštiti svoje uši,
04:09
and pass these on to your children, please.
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i proslijedite ih svojoj djeci, molim vas.
04:11
Professional hearing protectors are great;
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Profesionalni štitnici zvuka su izvrsni;
04:13
I use some all the time.
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ja ih koristim cijelo vrijeme.
04:15
If you're going to use headphones, buy the best ones you can afford
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Ako ćete koristiti slušalice, kupite najbolje koje si možete priuštiti,
04:18
because quality means you don't have to have it so loud.
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jer kvaliteta znači da ih ne morate slušati tako glasno.
04:20
If you can't hear somebody talking to you in a loud voice,
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Ako ne čujete dok vam netko glasno govori,
04:22
it's too loud.
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onda je preglasno.
04:24
And thirdly, if you're in bad sound,
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I treće, ako ste izloženi lošem zvuku,
04:26
it's fine to put your fingers in your ears or just move away from it.
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prihvatljivo je staviti prste u uši ili se jednostavno odmaknuti.
04:28
Protect your ears in that way.
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Štitite svoje uši na taj način.
04:30
Let's move away from bad sound and look at some friends that I urge you to seek out.
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Prijeđimo s lošeg zvuka i molim vas da potražimo neke prijatelje.
04:33
WWB:
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WWB:
04:35
Wind, water, birds --
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Vjetar, voda, ptice --
04:38
stochastic natural sounds
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stohastički prirodni zvukovi
04:40
composed of lots of individual random events,
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komponirani od puno pojedinačnih slučajnih događaja,
04:43
all of it very healthy,
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svaki od njih jako zdrav,
04:45
all of it sound that we evolved to over the years.
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uz sve njih smo evoluirali tijekom godina.
04:47
Seek those sounds out; they're good for you and so it this.
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Potražite te zvukove; oni su dobri za vas, i ovo je.
04:53
Silence is beautiful.
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Tišina je divna.
04:55
The Elizabethans described language
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Elizabetijanci su nekada opisivali jezik
04:57
as decorated silence.
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kao dekoriranu tišinu.
04:59
I urge you to move away from silence with intention
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Pozivam vas da se odmaknete od tišine s namjerom
05:02
and to design soundscapes just like works of art.
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i dizajnirate zvučne obrasce kao umjetnička djela.
05:05
Have a foreground, a background, all in beautiful proportion.
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Imajte prednji dio, stražnji dio, sve u prekrasnim proporcijama.
05:08
It's fun to get into designing with sound.
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Zabavno je dizajnirati zvukom.
05:10
If you can't do it yourself, get a professional to do it for you.
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Ako ne možete to učiniti sami, uzmite profesionalca da to učini umjesto vas.
05:13
Sound design is the future,
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Dizajn zvukom jest budućnost,
05:15
and I think it's the way we're going to change the way the world sounds.
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i mislim kako je to put s kojim ćemo promijeniti način na koji svijet zvuči.
05:18
I'm going to just run quickly through eight modalities,
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Proći ću brzo kroz osam modaliteta,
05:20
eight ways sound can improve health.
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osam načina putem kojih zvuk može poboljšati zdravlje.
05:23
First, ultrasound: we're very familiar with it from physical therapy;
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Prvo, ultrazvuk: prilično smo upoznati s fizičkom terapijom.
05:26
it's also now being used to treat cancer.
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Sada se koristi i za liječenje raka.
05:28
Lithotripsy -- saving thousands of people a year from the scalpel
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Litotripsija -- spašava tisuće ljudi godišnje od skalpela
05:31
by pulverizing stones with high-intensity sound.
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drobljenjem kamenca sa zvukom visokog intenziteta.
05:34
Sound healing is a wonderful modality.
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Liječenje zvukom predstavlja prekrasan modalitet.
05:36
It's been around for thousands of years.
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S nama je tisućama godina.
05:38
I do urge you to explore this.
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Potičem vas da to istražite.
05:40
There are great things being done there, treating now autism,
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Sjajne stvari se tu rade, liječi se autizam,
05:42
dementia and other conditions.
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demencija i druga stanja.
05:44
And music, of course. Just listening to music is good for you,
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I glazba, naravno. Samo slušanje glazbe je dobro za vas,
05:47
if it's music that's made with good intention,
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ako je to glazba koja je rađena s dobrom namjerom,
05:49
made with love, generally.
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napravljena s ljubavlju, općenito.
05:51
Devotional music, good -- Mozart, good.
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Molitvena glazba je dobra. Mozart, dobar.
05:53
There are all sorts of types of music
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Postoje različite vrste glazbe
05:55
that are very healthy.
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koje su jako zdrave.
05:57
And four modalities where you need to take some action
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I četiri modaliteta gdje trebate neku akciju
05:59
and get involved.
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i uključenost.
06:01
First of all, listen consciously.
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Prije svega, slušajte svjesno.
06:03
I hope that that after this talk you'll be doing that.
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Nadam se da ćete nakon ovog govora raditi upravo to.
06:05
It's a whole new dimension to your life and it's wonderful to have that dimension.
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To je jedna cijela nova dimenzija vašem životu, i prekrasno je imati tu dimenziju.
06:08
Secondly, get in touch with making some sound --
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Drugo, počnite stvarati neki zvuk.
06:11
create sound.
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Kreirajte zvuk.
06:13
The voice is the instrument we all play,
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Glas je instrument koji svi sviramo,
06:15
and yet how many of us are trained in using our voice? Get trained;
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a ipak koliko je nas istrenirano da se koristi glasom? Trenirajte.
06:18
learn to sing, learn to play an instrument.
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Naučite pjevati. Naučite svirati instrument.
06:20
Musicians have bigger brains -- it's true.
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Glazbenici imaju veći mozak -- to je istina.
06:23
You can do this in groups as well.
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To možete raditi i u grupama.
06:25
It's a fantastic antidote to schizophonia;
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To je fantastična preventiva za šizofoniju,
06:27
to make music and sound in a group of people,
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stvarati glazbu i zvuk u grupi ljudi,
06:29
whichever style you enjoy particularly.
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koji god partikularni stil preferirali.
06:32
And let's take a stewarding role for the sound around us.
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I mogli bi preuzeti ulogu čuvara zvukova oko nas.
06:34
Protect your ears? Yes, absolutely.
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Zaštititi svoje uši? Da, apsolutno.
06:36
Design soundscapes to be beautiful around you
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Stvorite prelijepe zvučne obrasce koji će biti oko vas
06:38
at home and at work.
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u kući i na poslu.
06:40
And let's start to speak up
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I počnimo se buniti
06:42
when people are assailing us
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kada nas ljudi počnu zasipati
06:44
with the noise that I played you early on.
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bukom koju sam vam puštao ranije.
06:46
So I'm going to leave you with seven things you can do right now
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Ostaviti ću vas sa sedam stvari koji možete učiniti odmah sada
06:49
to improve your health with sound.
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kako biste poboljšali svoje zdravlje sa zvukom.
06:51
My vision is of a world that sounds beautiful
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Moja vizija je svijet koji zvuči prelijepo,
06:54
and if we all start doing these things,
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i ako svi započnemo raditi te stvari,
06:56
we will take a very big step in that direction.
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učiniti ćemo veliki korak u tom smjeru.
06:58
So I urge you to take that path.
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Zato vas pozivam da krenete tim putem.
07:01
I'm leaving you with a little more birdsong, which is very good for you.
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Ostaviti ću vas s još malo ptičjeg pjeva, koji je jako dobar za vas.
07:03
I wish you sound health.
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Želim vam puno zdravlja.
07:05
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Treasure - Sound consultantJulian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it.
Why you should listen
Julian Treasure is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advises worldwide businesses -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stressed, energized, acquisitive?
Treasure is the author of the book Sound Business, a manual for effective sound use in every aspect of business. His most recent book, How to be Heard: Secrets for Powerful Speaking and Listening, based on his TED Talk, offers practical exercises to improve communication skills and an inspiring vision for a sonorous world of effective speaking, conscious listening and understanding. He speaks globally on this topic.
Julian Treasure | Speaker | TED.com