TED2011
Kathryn Schulz: On being wrong
Ketrīna Šulca: Par kļūdīšanos
Filmed:
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Vairums no mums darīs jebko, lai tikai nekļūdītos. Un ja nu tā ir kļūda? "Kļūdoloģe" Ketrīna Šulca vilinoši pierāda, ka mūsu maldīgums ir ne vien atzīstams, bet arī apsveicams.
Kathryn Schulz - Wrongologist
Kathryn Schulz is a staff writer for the New Yorker and is the author of "Being Wrong: Adventures in the Margin of Error." Full bio
Kathryn Schulz is a staff writer for the New Yorker and is the author of "Being Wrong: Adventures in the Margin of Error." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So it's 1995,
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Tātad ir 1995. gads,
00:18
I'm in college,
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esmu studente,
00:20
and a friend and I go on a road trip
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kopā ar draudzeni dodamies ceļojumā
00:23
from Providence, Rhode Island
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no Providensas Rodailendā
00:25
to Portland, Oregon.
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uz Portlendu Oregonā.
00:27
And you know, we're young and unemployed,
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Un ziniet, mēs esam jaunas, bez darba,
00:30
so we do the whole thing on back roads
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tāpēc iebraucam visos sānceļos,
00:32
through state parks
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apskatām štatu parkus
00:34
and national forests --
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un nacionālos mežus --
00:37
basically the longest route we can possibly take.
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praktiski izvēlamies pašu garāko iespējamo maršrutu.
00:41
And somewhere in the middle of South Dakota,
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Un kaut kur Dienviddakotas vidienē
00:44
I turn to my friend
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es vēršos pie draudzenes,
00:47
and I ask her a question
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lai uzdotu jautājumu,
00:49
that's been bothering me
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kas mani tirdījis
00:51
for 2,000 miles.
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jau 2000 jūdzes.
00:55
"What's up with the Chinese character I keep seeing by the side of the road?"
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"Kas tas par ķīniešu hieroglifu ceļa malā?"
01:02
My friend looks at me totally blankly.
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Draudzene manī paveras ar neko neizsakošu skatienu.
01:06
There's actually a gentleman in the front row
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Patiesībā kāds kungs priekšējā rindā
01:08
who's doing a perfect imitation of her look.
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tagad perfekti atdarina šo skatienu.
01:11
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
01:14
And I'm like, "You know,
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Un es saku: "Zini,
01:16
all the signs we keep seeing
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visas tās zīmes
01:18
with the Chinese character on them."
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ar to ķīniešu hieroglifu."
01:22
She just stares at me for a few moments,
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Viņa mani kādu brīdi uzlūko,
01:25
and then she cracks up,
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un tad sāk smieties,
01:28
because she figures out what I'm talking about.
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jo saprot, par ko es runāju.
01:30
And what I'm talking about is this.
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Un runāju es, lūk, par ko.
01:33
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
01:39
Right, the famous Chinese character for picnic area.
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Tieši tā, slavenais ķīniešu hieroglifs, kas apzīmē piknika vietu.
01:43
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
01:45
I've spent the last five years of my life
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Pēdējos piecus dzīves gadus
01:49
thinking about situations
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esmu pavadījusi, apdomājot
01:51
exactly like this --
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līdzīgus gadījumus --
01:54
why we sometimes misunderstand
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kādēļ dažkārt pārprotam
01:56
the signs around us,
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zīmes ap mums
01:58
and how we behave when that happens,
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un kā uzvedamies, kad tas notiek,
02:01
and what all of this can tell us about human nature.
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un ko tas viss liecina par cilvēku dabu.
02:05
In other words, as you heard Chris say,
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Citiem vārdiem, kā Kriss jau teica,
02:07
I've spent the last five years
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pēdējos 5 gadus pavadīju, domājot,
02:09
thinking about being wrong.
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kā tas ir - kļūdīties.
02:12
This might strike you as a strange career move,
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Tas varētu šķist neparasts karjeras pavērsiens,
02:15
but it actually has one great advantage:
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taču tam ir milzu priekšrocība:
02:18
no job competition.
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nekādas konkurences.
02:20
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
02:22
In fact, most of us do everything we can
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Patiesībā vairums cilvēku cenšas
02:25
to avoid thinking about being wrong,
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izvairīties no domām par kļūdīšanos,
02:28
or at least to avoid thinking about the possibility
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vismaz izvairīties no domām par iespēju,
02:30
that we ourselves are wrong.
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ka mums pašiem nav taisnība.
02:32
We get it in the abstract.
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Abstraktā līmenī tas ir saprotams.
02:34
We all know everybody in this room makes mistakes.
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Zinām, ka visi šajā telpā mēdz kļūdīties.
02:37
The human species, in general, is fallible -- okay fine.
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Cilvēku suga kā tāda nav nekļūdīga -- jauki.
02:41
But when it comes down to me, right now,
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Taču, kad runa ir par mani pašlaik,
02:44
to all the beliefs I hold,
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par visu, kam es ticu
02:46
here in the present tense,
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šeit un tagad,
02:49
suddenly all of this abstract appreciation of fallibility
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pēkšņi visa abstraktā izpratne par kļūdīšanos
02:53
goes out the window --
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izkūp kā dūmi gaisā --
02:56
and I can't actually think of anything I'm wrong about.
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un es nevaru iedomāties, kur kļūdos.
03:00
And the thing is, the present tense is where we live.
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Un lieta tāda, ka mēs dzīvojam tagadnē, šeit un tagad.
03:03
We go to meetings in the present tense;
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Mēs ejam uz sanāksmēm,
03:06
we go on family vacations in the present tense;
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dodamies ģimenes brīvdienās,
03:08
we go to the polls and vote in the present tense.
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piedalāmies aptaujās un vēlēšanās.
03:12
So effectively, we all kind of wind up traveling through life,
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Tā nu mēs visi dzīvi vadām,
03:15
trapped in this little bubble
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ieslēgti šajā mazajā burbulītī,
03:17
of feeling very right about everything.
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kurā jūtamies ļoti droši par savu taisnību.
03:21
I think this is a problem.
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Manuprāt, tā ir problēma.
03:23
I think it's a problem for each of us as individuals,
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Manuprāt, tā ir problēma mums kā indivīdiem
03:26
in our personal and professional lives,
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personiskajā un profesionālajā dzīvē,
03:29
and I think it's a problem for all of us collectively as a culture.
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kā arī kolektīva kultūras problēma.
03:32
So what I want to do today
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Tādēļ šodien es
03:34
is, first of all, talk about why we get stuck
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pirmām kārtām vēlos runāt par to, kāpēc
03:37
inside this feeling of being right.
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iestrēgstam paštaisnības izjūtā.
03:39
And second, why it's such a problem.
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Otrkārt, kādēļ tā ir problēma.
03:42
And finally, I want to convince you
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Visbeidzot vēlos jūs pārliecināt,
03:44
that it is possible
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ka no šīm jūtām
03:46
to step outside of that feeling
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ir iespējams atbrīvoties
03:48
and that if you can do so,
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un, ja jūs to paveicat,
03:50
it is the single greatest
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tas ir lieliskākais iespējamais
03:52
moral, intellectual and creative leap you can make.
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morālais, intelektuālais un radošais sasniegums.
03:57
So why do we get stuck
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Kādēļ mēs tā pieķeramies
03:59
in this feeling of being right?
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šīm paštaisnības izjūtām?
04:01
One reason, actually, has to do with a feeling of being wrong.
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Viens no iemesliem saistīts ar to, kā jūtamies, kad kļūdāmies.
04:04
So let me ask you guys something --
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Ļaujiet man jums ko pavaicāt --
04:06
or actually, let me ask you guys something, because you're right here:
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patiesībā ļaujiet man jums ko pavaicāt, jo jūs esat šeit:
04:10
How does it feel -- emotionally --
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Kā tas ir -- emocionāli --
04:13
how does it feel to be wrong?
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kādas ir izjūtas kļūdoties?
04:16
Dreadful. Thumbs down.
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Šausmīgas. Īkšķis uz leju.
04:19
Embarrassing. Okay, wonderful, great.
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Apkaunojošas. Labi, lieliski.
04:21
Dreadful, thumbs down, embarrassing --
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Šausmīgi, īkšķis uz leju, apkaunojoši --
04:23
thank you, these are great answers,
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paldies, tās ir lieliskas atbildes,
04:26
but they're answers to a different question.
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taču tās ir atbildes uz citu jautājumu.
04:29
You guys are answering the question:
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Jūs atbildējāt uz jautājumu:
04:31
How does it feel to realize you're wrong?
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"Kādas ir izjūtas, apjaušot, ka kļūdāties?"
04:34
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
04:38
Realizing you're wrong can feel like all of that and a lot of other things, right?
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Kļūdas aptveršana izraisa šādas un vēl citas izjūtas, vai ne?
04:41
I mean it can be devastating, it can be revelatory,
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Proti, tas var būt postoši, nest atklāsmi,
04:44
it can actually be quite funny,
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pat būt visai uzjautrinoši,
04:46
like my stupid Chinese character mistake.
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kā mana muļķīgā ķīniešu hieroglifa kļūda.
04:49
But just being wrong
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Taču kļūdīšanās kā tāda
04:52
doesn't feel like anything.
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neraisa nekādas izjūtas.
04:54
I'll give you an analogy.
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Lūk, analoģija.
04:57
Do you remember that Loony Tunes cartoon
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Vai atceraties to Loony Tunes multfilmu,
04:59
where there's this pathetic coyote
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kurā ir šis nožēlojamais koijots,
05:01
who's always chasing and never catching a roadrunner?
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kurš vienmēr dzenas pakaļ, bet nekad nenoķer putnu?
05:03
In pretty much every episode of this cartoon,
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Gandrīz katrā multfilmas sērijā
05:06
there's a moment where the coyote is chasing the roadrunner
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ir tāds brīdis, kad koijots dzenas putnam pakaļ
05:08
and the roadrunner runs off a cliff,
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un putns pārskrien pāri kraujas malai.
05:10
which is fine -- he's a bird, he can fly.
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Tā kā viņš ir putns un prot lidot, viss ir kārtībā.
05:13
But the thing is, the coyote runs off the cliff right after him.
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Lieta tāda, ka koijots seko un arī pārskrien pāri kraujai.
05:17
And what's funny --
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Un smieklīgi --
05:19
at least if you're six years old --
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vismaz tad, ja jums ir 6 gadi --
05:21
is that the coyote's totally fine too.
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ir tas, ka arī ar koijotu nekas nenotiek.
05:23
He just keeps running --
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Viņš vienkārši turpina skriet --
05:25
right up until the moment that he looks down
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līdz brīdim, kad paskatās lejup
05:27
and realizes that he's in mid-air.
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un aptver, ka karājas gaisā.
05:30
That's when he falls.
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Tad viņš krīt.
05:34
When we're wrong about something --
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Kad mēs kļūdāmies --
05:36
not when we realize it, but before that --
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nevis kad to aptveram, bet pirms tam --
05:39
we're like that coyote
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mēs līdzināmies šim koijotam
05:42
after he's gone off the cliff and before he looks down.
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pēc pārskriešanas pāri kraujai, pirms paskatīšanās lejup.
05:46
You know, we're already wrong,
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Mēs jau esam kļūdījušies,
05:49
we're already in trouble,
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mums jau ir ziepes,
05:51
but we feel like we're on solid ground.
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taču jūtamies, it kā būtu uz cietas zemes.
05:55
So I should actually correct something I said a moment ago.
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Tāpēc man jāizlabo iepriekš sacītais.
05:58
It does feel like something to be wrong;
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Kļūdīšanās izraisa izjūtas -
06:01
it feels like being right.
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kļūdījušies mēs jūtamies, it kā mums būtu taisnība.
06:04
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
06:07
So this is one reason, a structural reason,
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Tas ir viens, strukturāls, iemesls,
06:10
why we get stuck inside this feeling of rightness.
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kādēļ iestrēgstam paštaisnumā.
06:12
I call this error blindness.
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Es to saucu par kļūdu aklumu.
06:14
Most of the time,
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Lielākoties
06:16
we don't have any kind of internal cue
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mūsos nekas neliecina par to,
06:19
to let us know that we're wrong about something,
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ka mēs kaut kur kļūdāmies,
06:21
until it's too late.
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līdz ir par vēlu.
06:24
But there's a second reason that we get stuck inside this feeling as well --
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Taču ir vēl arī otrs iemesls iestrēgšanai --
06:27
and this one is cultural.
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un šis ir saistīts ar kultūru.
06:30
Think back for a moment to elementary school.
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Atcerieties pamatskolas laiku.
06:33
You're sitting there in class,
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Jūs sēžat klasē,
06:35
and your teacher is handing back quiz papers,
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un skolotājs atdod jums izlabotos pārbaudes darbus,
06:38
and one of them looks like this.
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viens no tiem izskatās šādi.
06:40
This is not mine, by the way.
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Tas, starp citu, nav mans.
06:42
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
06:44
So there you are in grade school,
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Tā nu jūs esat skolā
06:47
and you know exactly what to think
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un zināt, ko tieši domāt
06:49
about the kid who got this paper.
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par bērnu, kuram pieder šis darbs.
06:52
It's the dumb kid, the troublemaker,
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Viņš ir muļķis, nekārtības cēlājs,
06:55
the one who never does his homework.
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tas, kurš nekad nepilda mājasdarbus.
06:58
So by the time you are nine years old,
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Līdz 9 gadu vecumam
07:01
you've already learned, first of all,
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jūs jau esat iemācījies, ka, pirmkārt,
07:03
that people who get stuff wrong
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cilvēki, kuri mēdz kļūdīties,
07:05
are lazy, irresponsible dimwits --
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ir slinki, bezatbildīgi tumsoņas --
07:08
and second of all,
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un, otrkārt,
07:10
that the way to succeed in life
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ka dzīvē iespējams gūt panākumus,
07:12
is to never make any mistakes.
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nekad nepieļaujot nevienu kļūdu.
07:16
We learn these really bad lessons really well.
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Šīs nederīgās mācības esam pienācīgi apguvuši.
07:21
And a lot of us --
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Un daudzi no mums --
07:23
and I suspect, especially a lot of us in this room --
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pieļauju, it īpaši šajā zālē,
07:27
deal with them by just becoming
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tiek ar to galā, kļūstot
07:29
perfect little A students,
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par maziem izcilniekiem,
07:31
perfectionists, over-achievers.
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pārcentīgiem perfekcionistiem.
07:34
Right,
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Vai ne,
07:36
Mr. CFO, astrophysicist, ultra-marathoner?
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finanšu ierēdņa, astrofiziķa, ultramaratonista kungs?
07:40
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
07:47
You're all CFO, astrophysicists, ultra-marathoners, it turns out.
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Izrādās, jūs visi esat finanšu ierēdņi, astrofiziķi, ultramaratonisti.
07:51
Okay, so fine.
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Labi, lai tā būtu.
07:53
Except that then we freak out
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Tikai mēs pārbīstamies,
07:56
at the possibility that we've gotten something wrong.
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pieļaujot iespēju, ka kaut kur esam kļūdījušies.
07:58
Because according to this,
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Tāpēc, ka saskaņā ar šo,
08:01
getting something wrong
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kļūdīšanās norāda
08:03
means there's something wrong with us.
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uz nepilnību mūsos.
08:06
So we just insist that we're right,
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Tāpēc jāuzstāj uz to, ka mums taisnība,
08:08
because it makes us feel smart and responsible
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tā mēs jutīsimies gudri un atbildīgi,
08:10
and virtuous and safe.
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šķīsti un droši.
08:14
So let me tell you a story.
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Ļaujiet man jums ko pastāstīt.
08:16
A couple of years ago,
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Pirms pāris gadiem
08:18
a woman comes into Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center for a surgery.
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sieviete ieradās "Beth Israel Deaconess" medicīnas centrā uz operāciju.
08:21
Beth Israel's in Boston.
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"Beth Israel" atrodas Bostonā.
08:23
It's the teaching hospital for Harvard --
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Tā ir Hārvardas medicīnas institūta slimnīca --
08:25
one of the best hospitals in the country.
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viena no labākajām visā valstī.
08:27
So this woman comes in and she's taken into the operating room.
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Tā nu šī sieviete ierodas, viņu aizved uz operāciju zāli.
08:30
She's anesthetized, the surgeon does his thing --
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Anestēzija, ķirurgs padara savu,
08:32
stitches her back up, sends her out to the recovery room.
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uzliek šuves un nosūta uz pēcoperāciju telpu.
08:35
Everything seems to have gone fine.
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Viss šķiet pilnīgā kārtībā.
08:38
And she wakes up, and she looks down at herself,
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Viņa pamostas, palūkojas uz sevi
08:41
and she says, "Why is the wrong side of my body in bandages?"
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un jautā: "Kāpēc apsēji ir nepareizajā ķermeņa pusē?"
08:45
Well the wrong side of her body is in bandages
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Nu, nepareizā viņas ķermeņa puse ir apsējos,
08:48
because the surgeon has performed a major operation
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jo ķirurgs ir veicis operāciju
08:50
on her left leg instead of her right one.
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viņas kreisajai kājai labās vietā.
08:54
When the vice president for health care quality at Beth Israel
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Kad veselības aprūpes kvalitātes viceprezidents
08:57
spoke about this incident,
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izteicās par šo starpgadījumu,
09:00
he said something very interesting.
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viņš pateica ko ļoti interesantu.
09:03
He said, "For whatever reason,
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Viņš sacīja: "Nezin kāpēc
09:06
the surgeon simply felt
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ķirurgs vienkārši jutās tā,
09:08
that he was on the correct side of the patient."
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it kā atrastos pareizajā pacienta pusē".
09:10
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
09:15
The point of this story
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Šī stāsta morāle ir tāda,
09:17
is that trusting too much in the feeling
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ka pārliecīga uzticēšanās izjūtām
09:20
of being on the correct side of anything
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par to, ka esat jebkā pareizajā pusē,
09:23
can be very dangerous.
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var būt ārkārtīgi bīstama.
09:26
This internal sense of rightness
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Šī iekšējā taisnīguma izjūta,
09:29
that we all experience so often
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ko mēs tik bieži pieredzam,
09:31
is not a reliable guide
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nav uzticams ceļvedis tajā,
09:33
to what is actually going on in the external world.
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kas patiesībā notiek apkārtējā pasaulē.
09:36
And when we act like it is,
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Kad uzvedamies tā, it kā tā būtu,
09:38
and we stop entertaining the possibility that we could be wrong,
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vairs neapsverot iespēju, ka, iespējams, kļūdāmies,
09:42
well that's when we end up doing things
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nu tad nonākam pie tādas rīcības
09:44
like dumping 200 million gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico,
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kā 200 miljonu galonu naftas izgāšana Meksikas līcī
09:48
or torpedoing the global economy.
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vai globālās ekonomikas sagraušana.
09:52
So this is a huge practical problem.
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Tā ir samilzusi praktiskā problēma.
09:55
But it's also a huge social problem.
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Taču tā ir arī liela sociāla problēma.
09:58
Think for a moment about what it means to feel right.
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Padomājiet mirkli, ko nozīmē just, ka jums ir taisnība.
10:02
It means that you think that your beliefs
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Tas nozīmē, ka ticat - jūsu pieņēmumi
10:04
just perfectly reflect reality.
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perfekti atspoguļo realitāti.
10:07
And when you feel that way,
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Un, kad jūs tā jūtaties,
10:09
you've got a problem to solve,
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jums ir jārisina jautājums,
10:11
which is, how are you going to explain
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proti - ar ko izskaidrojams tas,
10:13
all of those people who disagree with you?
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ka ir cilvēki, kuri jums nepiekrīt?
10:16
It turns out, most of us explain those people the same way,
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Izrādās, vairākums to izskaidro tieši tāpat,
10:19
by resorting to a series of unfortunate assumptions.
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pieķeroties virknei neveiksmīgu pieņēmumu.
10:23
The first thing we usually do when someone disagrees with us
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Kad mums nepiekrīt, parasti vispirms
10:26
is we just assume they're ignorant.
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pieņemam, ka cilvēki nezina.
10:29
They don't have access to the same information that we do,
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Viņiem nav pieejas tai pašai informācijai,
10:31
and when we generously share that information with them,
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un, kad būsim dāsni dalījušies šajā informācijā,
10:34
they're going to see the light and come on over to our team.
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viņi ieraudzīs gaismu un pārnāks mūsu pusē.
10:37
When that doesn't work,
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Kad tas nedarbojas,
10:40
when it turns out those people have all the same facts that we do
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kad izrādās, šiem cilvēkiem zināmi visi tie paši fakti, kas mums,
10:42
and they still disagree with us,
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bet viņi vēl aizvien mums nepiekrīt,
10:44
then we move on to a second assumption,
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mēs nonākam pie otrā pieņēmuma,
10:46
which is that they're idiots.
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proti, ka viņi ir nejēgas.
10:48
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
10:50
They have all the right pieces of the puzzle,
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Viņiem ir visi pareizie puzles gabaliņi,
10:52
and they are too moronic to put them together correctly.
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taču trūkst prātiņa, lai tos pareizi saliktu kopā.
10:55
And when that doesn't work,
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Kad arī tas nedarbojas,
10:57
when it turns out that people who disagree with us
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kad atklājam - cilvēkiem, kuri mums nepiekrīt,
11:00
have all the same facts we do
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zināmi visi tie paši fakti, kas mums,
11:02
and are actually pretty smart,
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un viņi patiesībā ir visai gudri,
11:05
then we move on to a third assumption:
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veicam trešo pieņēmumu:
11:08
they know the truth,
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viņi zina patiesību
11:11
and they are deliberately distorting it
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un to apzināti izkropļo
11:13
for their own malevolent purposes.
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savu ļauno nolūku dēļ.
11:17
So this is a catastrophe.
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Tā ir katastrofa.
11:19
This attachment to our own rightness
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Šī pieķeršanās savam paštaisnumam
11:22
keeps us from preventing mistakes
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mums neļauj novērst kļūdas,
11:24
when we absolutely need to
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kad tas ir absolūti nepieciešams,
11:26
and causes us to treat each other terribly.
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un izraisa briesmīgu savstarpējo saskarsmi.
11:30
But to me, what's most baffling
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Taču mani visvairāk kaitina
11:32
and most tragic about this
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un vistraģiskāk šķiet tas,
11:35
is that it misses the whole point of being human.
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ka tiek aizmirsts cilvēcīgums.
11:39
It's like we want to imagine
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Mēs it kā vēlamies iztēloties,
11:41
that our minds are just these perfectly translucent windows
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ka mūsu prāts ir šis ideāli caurspīdīgais logs,
11:44
and we just gaze out of them
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pa kuru mēs lūkojamies
11:46
and describe the world as it unfolds.
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un aprakstām pasauli, kāda tā mums paveras.
11:49
And we want everybody else to gaze out of the same window
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Gribam, lai ikviens lūkotos pa vienu un to pašu logu
11:51
and see the exact same thing.
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un redzētu tās pašas lietas.
11:53
That is not true,
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Tā nav,
11:55
and if it were, life would be incredibly boring.
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un, ja būtu, dzīve izrādītos neticami garlaicīga.
11:58
The miracle of your mind
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Jūsu prāta burvība
12:01
isn't that you can see the world as it is.
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neslēpjas tajā, ka redzat pasauli, kāda tā ir.
12:05
It's that you can see the world as it isn't.
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Tā slēpjas tajā, ka redzat to, kāda tā nav.
12:09
We can remember the past,
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Spējam atcerēties pagātni,
12:11
and we can think about the future,
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domāt par nākotni
12:14
and we can imagine what it's like
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un iztēloties, kā ir
12:16
to be some other person in some other place.
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būt kādam citam kādā citā vietā.
12:19
And we all do this a little differently,
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Un mēs visi to darām nedaudz atšķirīgi,
12:21
which is why we can all look up at the same night sky
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tādēļ varam vērties vienās un tajās pašās naksnīgajās debesīs
12:23
and see this
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un redzēt šo,
12:25
and also this
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arī šo
12:27
and also this.
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un vēl šo.
12:30
And yeah, it is also why we get things wrong.
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Un, jā, tādēļ mēs arī kļūdāmies.
12:34
1,200 years before Descartes said his famous thing
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1200 gadus pirms Dekarta slavenā izteikuma
12:36
about "I think therefore I am,"
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"Es domāju, tātad es esmu",
12:38
this guy, St. Augustine, sat down
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kāds zellis, Svētais Augustīns, apsēdās
12:40
and wrote "Fallor ergo sum" --
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un uzrakstīja: "Fallor ergo sum" --
12:43
"I err therefore I am."
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"Es kļūdos, tātad es esmu".
12:47
Augustine understood
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Augustīns saprata,
12:49
that our capacity to screw up,
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ka mūsu spēja visu sačakarēt
12:51
it's not some kind of embarrassing defect
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nav apkaunojošs defekts
12:53
in the human system,
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cilvēka sistēmā,
12:55
something we can eradicate or overcome.
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kaut kas, ko varam likvidēt vai pārvarēt.
12:58
It's totally fundamental to who we are.
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Tas nosaka to, kas mēs esam.
13:01
Because, unlike God,
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Jo, atšķirībā no Dieva,
13:03
we don't really know what's going on out there.
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mēs īsti nezinām, kas notiek tur ārā.
13:06
And unlike all of the other animals,
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Un, atšķirībā no citiem dzīvniekiem,
13:09
we are obsessed with trying to figure it out.
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mēs esam pārņemti ar centieniem to izprātot.
13:13
To me, this obsession
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Man šī apsēstība
13:15
is the source and root
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ir visas mūsu produktivitātes un radošuma
13:17
of all of our productivity and creativity.
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avots un saknes.
13:20
Last year, for various reasons,
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Pagājušogad, dažādu iemeslu dēļ,
13:23
I found myself listening to a lot of episodes
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noklausījos vairākas Sabiedriskā radio raidījuma
13:25
of the Public Radio show This American Life.
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"This American Life" sērijas.
13:27
And so I'm listening and I'm listening,
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Tā nu es klausos un klausos,
13:30
and at some point, I start feeling
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līdz vienā brīdī man šķiet,
13:33
like all the stories are about being wrong.
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ka visi šie stāsti ir par kļūdīšanos.
13:37
And my first thought was,
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Mana pirmā doma bija:
13:39
"I've lost it.
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"Nu es eju sviestā.
13:41
I've become the crazy wrongness lady.
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Esmu kļuvusi par plānprātīgo kļūdu sieviņu.
13:43
I just imagined it everywhere,"
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Iztēlojos to visā, ko redzu."
13:45
which has happened.
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Tā ir gadījies.
13:47
But a couple of months later,
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Taču pāris mēnešus vēlāk
13:49
I actually had a chance to interview Ira Glass, who's the host of the show.
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man bija izdevība intervēt Iru Glasu, kurš ir raidījuma vadītājs.
13:51
And I mentioned this to him,
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Pieminēju to viņam,
13:53
and he was like, "No actually, that's true.
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un viņš teica: "Nē, patiesībā, tā arī ir.
13:56
In fact," he says,
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Īstenībā," viņš sacīja,
13:58
"as a staff, we joke
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"mūsu komandā joko,
14:00
that every single episode of our show
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ka ikvienai mūsu raidījuma sērijai
14:02
has the same crypto-theme.
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ir viena un tā pati kripto-tēma.
14:05
And the crypto-theme is:
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Un šī kripto-tēma ir:
14:07
'I thought this one thing was going to happen
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"Domāju, ka notiks tā,
14:10
and something else happened instead.'
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bet notika pavisam citādi."
14:13
And the thing is," says Ira Glass, "we need this.
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Un lieta tāda", apgalvo Glass, "ka mums tas vajadzīgs.
14:16
We need these moments
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Mums nepieciešami šie
14:18
of surprise and reversal and wrongness
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pārsteiguma, apvērsuma un maldīšanās mirkļi,
14:20
to make these stories work."
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lai stāsti spētu funkcionēt".
14:22
And for the rest of us, audience members,
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Mums pārējiem, auditorijas pārstāvjiem,
14:24
as listeners, as readers,
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kā klausītājiem, lasītājiem
14:27
we eat this stuff up.
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tādi stāsti iet pie sirds.
14:29
We love things like plot twists
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Mums patīk sižeta pavērsieni,
14:32
and red herrings and surprise endings.
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viltus pavedieni un pārsteidzošas beigas.
14:35
When it comes to our stories,
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Ciktāl tas attiecas uz mūsu stāstiem,
14:38
we love being wrong.
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mēs mīlam kļūdīties.
14:41
But, you know, our stories are like this
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Taču, ziniet, mūsu stāsti ir tādi,
14:43
because our lives are like this.
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jo tādas ir mūsu dzīves.
14:46
We think this one thing is going to happen
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Mēs domājam, ka kaut kas notiks tā,
14:49
and something else happens instead.
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bet notiek pavisam citādi.
14:52
George Bush thought he was going to invade Iraq,
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Džordžs Bušs domāja, ka iekaros Irāku,
14:54
find a bunch of weapons of mass destruction,
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atradīs masu iznīcināšanas ieroču čupiņu,
14:56
liberate the people and bring democracy to the Middle East.
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atbrīvos tautu un Tuvajos Austrumos ieviesīs demokrātiju.
15:00
And something else happened instead.
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Un notika citādi.
15:03
And Hosni Mubarak
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Hosni Mubaraks
15:05
thought he was going to be the dictator of Egypt for the rest of his life,
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domāja, ka līdz mūža galam būs Ēģiptes diktators,
15:07
until he got too old or too sick
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līdz kļūs pārāk vecs vai slims
15:09
and could pass the reigns of power onto his son.
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un varēs nodot varas grožus dēla rokās.
15:12
And something else happened instead.
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Un notika gluži citādi.
15:16
And maybe you thought
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Varbūt jūs domājāt,
15:18
you were going to grow up and marry your high school sweetheart
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ka izaugsiet, apprecēsiet savu vidusskolas sirdsāķīti,
15:20
and move back to your hometown and raise a bunch of kids together.
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pārcelsieties uz dzimto pilsētu, kopā audzināsiet bērnu bariņu.
15:24
And something else happened instead.
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Tā vietā notika kas cits.
15:27
And I have to tell you
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Un man jums jāsaka,
15:29
that I thought I was writing an incredibly nerdy book
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biju domājusi, ka rakstu neticami nūģisku grāmatu
15:31
about a subject everybody hates
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par tēmu, kas visiem riebjas,
15:33
for an audience that would never materialize.
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auditorijai, kas nekad nematerializēsies.
15:36
And something else happened instead.
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Un notika gluži citādi.
15:38
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
15:40
I mean, this is life.
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Proti, tāda ir dzīve.
15:42
For good and for ill,
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Vai tas uz labu vai ļaunu,
15:44
we generate these incredible stories
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bet mēs radām šos neticamos stāstus
15:47
about the world around us,
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par pasauli sev apkārt,
15:49
and then the world turns around and astonishes us.
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un tad pasaule pavēršas un mūs pārsteidz.
15:55
No offense, but this entire conference
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Neapvainojieties, bet visa šī konference
15:58
is an unbelievable monument
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ir neticams piemineklis
16:00
to our capacity to get stuff wrong.
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mūsu spējai kļūdīties.
16:02
We just spent an entire week
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Tikko pavadījām nedēļu,
16:04
talking about innovations and advancements
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pārspriežot inovācijas, sasniegumus,
16:06
and improvements,
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un uzlabojumus,
16:08
but you know why we need all of those innovations
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taču, vai zināt, kam mums visas šīs inovācijas,
16:11
and advancements and improvements?
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sasniegumi un uzlabojumi nepieciešami?
16:13
Because half the stuff
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Tāpēc, ka puse no visa
16:15
that's the most mind-boggling and world-altering --
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pārsteidzošākā un pasauli mainošākā --
16:18
TED 1998 --
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TED 1998 --
16:20
eh.
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eh.
16:22
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
16:26
Didn't really work out that way, did it?
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Izvērtās gluži citādi, vai ne.
16:28
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
16:30
Where's my jet pack, Chris?
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Kur ir mana raķešjosta, Kris?
16:33
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
16:37
(Applause)
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(Aplausi)
16:42
So here we are again.
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Te nu mēs atkal esam.
16:45
And that's how it goes.
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Un tā tas notiek.
16:47
We come up with another idea.
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Mums rodas cita doma.
16:49
We tell another story.
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Stāstām jaunu stāstu.
16:52
We hold another conference.
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Rīkojam citu konferenci.
16:55
The theme of this one,
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Šīs tēma,
16:57
as you guys have now heard seven million times,
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kā jau būsiet dzirdējuši savas 7 miljons reizes,
16:59
is the rediscovery of wonder.
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ir brīnuma atklāšana no jauna.
17:01
And to me,
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Un man
17:03
if you really want to rediscover wonder,
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patiesa brīnuma atklāsmei
17:06
you need to step outside
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nepieciešams izkāpt
17:08
of that tiny, terrified space of rightness
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no tās sīkās, izbiedētās paštaisnuma kastes
17:14
and look around at each other
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un palūkoties vienam uz otru,
17:17
and look out at the vastness
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palūkoties uz bezgalību,
17:20
and complexity and mystery
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sarežģītību un noslēpumainību,
17:23
of the universe
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kas ir šis visums.
17:26
and be able to say,
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Un spēt sacīt:
17:29
"Wow, I don't know.
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"Oho, es nezinu.
17:33
Maybe I'm wrong."
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Varbūt es kļūdos."
17:35
Thank you.
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Paldies
17:37
(Applause)
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(Aplausi)
17:40
Thank you guys.
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Paldies jums.
17:42
(Applause)
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(Aplausi)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kathryn Schulz - WrongologistKathryn Schulz is a staff writer for the New Yorker and is the author of "Being Wrong: Adventures in the Margin of Error."
Why you should listen
Kathryn Schulz is a journalist, author, and public speaker with a credible (if not necessarily enviable) claim to being the world's leading wrongologist. She is the author of Being Wrong: Adventures in the Margin of Error. She was previously the book critic for New York Magazine; her writing has also appeared in the New York Times Magazine, Rolling Stone, TIME Magazine, the Boston Globe, the "Freakonomics" blog of The New York Times, The Nation, Foreign Policy, and the New York Times Book Review, among other publications. She is the former editor of the online environmental magazine Grist, and a former reporter and editor for The Santiago Times, of Santiago, Chile, where she covered environmental, labor, and human rights issues. She was a 2004 recipient of the Pew Fellowship in International Journalism (now the International Reporting Project), and has reported from throughout Central and South America, Japan, and, most recently, the Middle East. A graduate of Brown University and a former Ohioan, Oregonian and Brooklynite, she currently lives in New York's Hudson Valley.
Kathryn Schulz | Speaker | TED.com