ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Katie Hinde - Lactation researcher
Katie Hinde is studying breast milk’s status as the first superfood, providing babies with invaluable microbes custom-tailored to their individual needs, via an incredible and unlikely dialogue between the mother’s enzymes and the baby’s saliva.

Why you should listen

Did you know mother's milk is older than dinosaurs? Or that the "biological recipe" of milk differs for sons and daughters? Or that milk doesn't just build babies but fuels them too? Mother's milk is the food, medicine and message that organize a baby's brain, body and behavior. What we take for granted in the grocery store dairy aisle has been shaped by hundreds of millions of years of natural selection. As scientists decode the mysteries of milk, we gain essential new tools for human health and well-being.

Scientist, writer and advocate, Katie Hinde, PhD, explores the dynamic interactions between mothers, milk, and infants. Author of dozens of essays and academic articles, Hinde situates her work at the intersection of the life sciences and social sciences to inform parents, clinicians and policy-makers about institutional and inter-personal support of mothers and babies. Hinde co-authored the book Building Babies and founded the science outreach blog, "Mammals Suck…Milk!"

Hinde earned a PhD in Anthropology at UCLA, completed post-doctoral training in neuroscience at the California National Primate Research Center, and then launched her faculty career in the Department of Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. Now an Associate Professor, Hinde is the Director of the Comparative Lactation Lab in the Center for Evolution and Medicine and the School of Human Evolution and Social Change at Arizona State University.

Described as "The Milk Maven" in the inaugural Grist 50 list of "innovators, organizers and visionaries who will lead us toward a more sustainable future," Hinde's work was highlighted for tackling social justice in health and research. From considering how milk feeds microbes to researching how milk shapes infant behavior , her research has been featured in the New York Times, National Geographic, La Presse, Wall Street Journal, Quartz and more. Hinde has been recognized with Early Career Awards from the International Society for Research in Human Milk and Lactation and the American Society of Primatologists for making outstanding, original contributions to these fields as a young investigator.

Importantly, Hinde is dedicated to science outreach and building enthusiasm for animals, ecology and behavior. In 2013, Hinde created the annual March Mammal Madness, a month-long science outreach extravaganza that is used in hundreds of classrooms described by Deadspin Deputy Editor Barry Petchesky as "the only bracket you need."

Understanding milk can directly translate to more personalized clinical recommendations and health optimization for mothers and their infants as well as substantiate the importance of infrastructure and institutional support for breastfeeding. Further, identifying the composition and function of milk informs the formulation of more representative artificial breast milk for those mothers facing obstacles or contraindications to breastfeeding. Lastly, decoding mother's milk will allow for enhanced precision medicine for the most fragile infants and children in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. Such integrative approaches to mother's milk take discoveries at the bench to applications at the bedside.

More profile about the speaker
Katie Hinde | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2016

Katie Hinde: What we don't know about mother's milk

केटी हिन्डे: आईच्या दुधाबद्ल माहित नसलेल्या गोष्टी

Filmed:
1,413,994 views

आईचे दूध बाळाला संरक्षण प्रदान करते साथीच्या आजारात .बाळाच्या वाढीस शारीरिक मानसिक वाढीस ते महत्वाचे आहे . आईच्या दुधावर आतड्यातील उपकारक जीवाणू जगतात घातक जंतूंचा नाश होतो .स्तनपानाचे हे महत्व सर्वांनी जाणले पाहिजे व त्यासाठी महिलांना सवलती दिल्या पाहिजे कायदे केले पाहिजे, सांगतात केटी हिंडे.
- Lactation researcher
Katie Hinde is studying breast milk’s status as the first superfood, providing babies with invaluable microbes custom-tailored to their individual needs, via an incredible and unlikely dialogue between the mother’s enzymes and the baby’s saliva. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Have you ever heard the one
about how breastfeeding is free?
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तुम्ही कधी ऐकले आहे
स्तनपान हे विनामूल्य असते?
00:17
(Laughter)
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(हशा )
00:18
Yeah, it's pretty funny,
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गम्मत आहे,
00:20
because it's only free if we don't value
women's time and energy.
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स्त्रीची उर्जा आणि तिने दिलेला वेळ याचा
विचार केल्यास ते खचितच विनामूल्य नाही.
00:27
Any mother can tell you
how much time and energy it takes
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कोणतीही आई सांगेल किती उर्जा व वेळ लागतो
00:31
to liquify her body --
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तिला द्रवरुपात जायला
00:33
to literally dissolve herself --
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व त्यात विरघळून जायला.
00:36
(Laughter)
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(हशा)
00:37
as she feeds this precious
little cannibal.
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जेव्हा ती आपल्या बछड्याला दूध पाजते.
00:41
(Laughter)
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(हशा )
00:43
Milk is why mammals suck.
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सस्तन प्राणी चोखतात
याचं कारण म्हणजे आईचं दूध.
00:47
At Arizona State University,
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अरिझोना राज्यातील विद्यापीठात,
00:49
in the Comparative Lactation Lab,
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स्तनपानाचा अभ्यास करणाऱ्या प्रयोगशाळेत
00:51
I decode mothers' milk composition
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मी आईच्या दुधातील घटक मिळविले.
00:54
to understand its complexity
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त्याची जटिलता जाणण्यासाठी.
00:57
and how it influences infant development.
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तसेच ती बालकाची वाढ
कशी करते हे शिकण्यासाठी.
01:00
The most important thing that I've learned
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जी सर्वात मोलाची आहे.
01:03
is that we do not do enough
to support mothers and babies.
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आपण आई व बाळासाठी फार काही करीत नाही.
01:09
And when we fail mothers and babies,
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आणि जेव्हा आपण आई व बाळाबाबत आपले
कर्तव्य पार पाडीत नाही ,
01:11
we fail everyone
who loves mothers and babies:
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तेव्हा आपण इतरांबाबत असेच करतो.
01:16
the fathers, the partners,
the grandparents, the aunties,
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पती ,वडील. मावशी, बाबतही
01:19
the friends and kin
that make our human social networks.
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तसेच रक्ताच्या नात्यातील
व मित्राबाबत असेच वागत असतो.
01:24
It's time that we abandon
simple solutions and simple slogans,
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साध्या घोषणा व समाधान आपण टाळले पाहिजे.
01:29
and grapple with the nuance.
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त्यामागील अर्थ ध्यानी घेतला पाहिजे.
01:32
I was very fortunate
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मी सुदैवी होते.
01:33
to run smack-dab
into that nuance very early,
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याचा मूळ अर्थ व गाभा जाणण्यास
01:37
during my first interview
with a journalist
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माझी जेव्हा मुलाखत घेतली
एका पत्रकर्तीने
01:40
when she asked me,
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जेव्हा तिने प्रश्न केला,
01:41
"How long should a mother
breastfeed her baby?"
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"आईने बाळाला किती काळ अंगावरचे
दूध द्यावे ?"
01:48
And it was that word "should"
that brought me up short,
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तिच्या प्रश्नाने मी हबकलेच.
01:52
because I will never tell a woman
what she should do with her body.
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मी कधी कोणा महिलेला सांगणार नाही
तिने तिच्या शरीराबाबत काय करावे.
01:58
Babies survive and thrive
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आईच्या दुधावर बाळ वाढत असते झपाट्याने
02:00
because their mother's milk
is food, medicine and signal.
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आईचे दूध त्यांना अन्न .औषध
02:05
For young infants,
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असण्याचा संकेत देत असते .
02:06
mother's milk is a complete diet
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ते पूर्णान्न असते.
02:08
that provides all the building
blocks for their bodies,
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त्यांच्या शरीराच्या वाढीकरिता
ते आवश्यक घटक पुरवते.
02:11
that shapes their brain
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मेंदूचा विकास करते.
02:12
and fuels all of their activity.
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सर्व शारीरिक क्रियेसाठी ते इंधन असते.
02:15
Mother's milk also feeds the microbes
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आईच्या दुधावर जीवाणूही जगतात.
02:17
that are colonizing
the infant's intestinal tract.
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जे बाळाच्या आतड्यात असतात.
02:20
Mothers aren't just eating for two,
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आई आपल्यासाठी व बाळासाठी खात नाही
02:22
they're eating for two to the trillions.
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तर ती लक्षावधी सूक्ष्म जीवांना जगविते .
02:26
Milk provides immunofactors
that help fight pathogens
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आईचे दूध रोगप्रतिकारशक्ती वाढविते.
02:31
and mother's milk provides hormones
that signal to the infant's body.
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अनेक हार्मोन्स देते, जे बाळाच्या शरीराला
वेळोवेळी संकेत देतात.
02:36
But in recent decades,
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पण अलीकडच्या काळात ,
02:38
we have come to take milk for granted.
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आपण दुधाबद्ल वेगळा विचार करू लागलो आहे.
02:40
We stopped seeing
something in plain sight.
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आपण आपला साधा दृष्टीकोन बदलला
02:43
We began to think of milk as standardized,
homogenized, pasteurized,
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आपण .जंतू विरहित घुसळलेले
02:48
packaged, powdered,
flavored and formulated.
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सुगंधी पावडर स्वरुपातील चवदार बंद
डब्यातील दूध वापरू लागलो
02:52
We abandoned the milk of human kindness
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आईचे स्तनपान आपण थांबविले आहे .
02:54
and turned our priorities elsewhere.
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नको त्या बाबीकडे आपले लक्ष देत आहोत.
02:58
At the National Institutes of Health
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राष्ट्रीय आरोग्य संस्था
03:00
in Washington DC
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जी वाशिंग्टन येथे आहे
03:01
is the National Library of Medicine,
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व जी औषधांची लायब्ररी आहे
03:04
which contains 25 million articles --
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ज्यात २५ दशलक्ष लेख आहेत
03:07
the brain trust of life science
and biomedical research.
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त्यात आहे जैविक - जीव वैद्यकीय
मेंदू विज्ञान .
03:12
We can use keywords
to search that database,
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एक परवलीचा शब्द लिहून
आपण त्यातील माहिती शोधू शकतो.
03:15
and when we do that,
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आपण जेव्हा असे करतो,
03:16
we discover nearly a million
articles about pregnancy,
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तेव्हा आपल्याला लाखो लेख मिळतात
गर्भ धारणेवर.
03:20
but far fewer about
breast milk and lactation.
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पण त्यात स्तनपानावर खूप कमी माहिती असते.
03:24
When we zoom in on the number of articles
just investigating breast milk,
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आपण जेव्हा ती माहिती चाळतो
03:29
we see that we know much more
about coffee, wine and tomatoes.
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तेव्हा आपल्याला कळते आपल्याला कॉफी,
वाईन, व टोमाटो बद्ल अधिक माहिती आहे .
03:34
(Laughter)
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(हशा)
03:36
We know over twice as much
about erectile dysfunction.
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त्यापेक्षा आपल्याला लैंगिक शैथिल्याबद्दल
दुप्पट माहिती आहे.
03:40
(Laughter)
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(हशा)
03:44
I'm not saying we shouldn't
know about those things --
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मी असे म्हणत नाही की याची माहिती नसावी ..
03:46
I'm a scientist, I think
we should know about everything.
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आपल्याला हे सर्व माहित पाहिजे
03:49
But that we know so much less --
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पण आपल्याला फारच कमी माहिती असते.
03:51
(Laughter)
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(हशा )
03:53
about breast milk --
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स्तनपानाबद्दल.
03:55
the first fluid a young mammal
is adapted to consume --
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नवजात सस्तन प्राण्याचे
पहिले द्रवरुप अन्न
03:57
should make us angry.
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आपल्याला त्याचा राग वाटेल
03:59
Globally, nine out of 10 women will
have at least one child in her lifetime.
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दहातील नऊ महिलांना एक तरी मूल असते
04:04
That means that nearly 130 million
babies are born each year.
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म्हणजे वर्षात 130 दशलक्ष बाले जन्मतात .
04:08
These mothers and babies
deserve our best science.
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या आयांना व बाळांसाठी ही आमची
शास्त्रीय माहिती मोलाची आहे..
04:13
Recent research has shown
that milk doesn't just grow the body,
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अलीकडचे संशोधन सांगते आईचे दूध
शरीराची केवळ वाढच करीत नाही, तर
04:16
it fuels behavior
and shapes neurodevelopment.
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ते वर्तणूक व चेतासंस्थेचा विकासही करते.
04:20
In 2015, researchers discovered
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२००५ मध्ये झालेल्या संशोधनात
04:23
that the mixture of breast milk
and baby saliva --
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आईचे दूध आणि बाळाची लाळ
04:26
specifically, baby saliva --
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प्रामुख्याने बाळाची लाळ ..
04:28
causes a chemical reaction
that produces hydrogen peroxide
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याची रासायनिक प्रक्रिया होऊन
हायड्रोजन पेरोक्साइड बनते.
04:32
that can kill staph and salmonella.
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जे स्टॅफिलो व सालमोनेला
जीवाणू मारतात.
04:35
And from humans and other mammal species,
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मानव व सस्तन प्राण्यांच्या अभ्यासावरून
04:38
we're starting to understand
that the biological recipe of milk
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आपण आता जाणू लागलो आहोत
जेव्हा दुधाची जैविक निर्मिती
04:41
can be different when produced
for sons or daughters.
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आईकडून खास तिच्या मुलांसाठी होते,
तेव्हा ती एकमेव असते.
04:45
When we reach for donor milk
in the neonatal intensive care unit,
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आपण जेव्हा बालक शुश्रुषा घरात
दुग्धदानातून आलेले दूध वापरतो,
04:49
or formula on the store shelf,
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किंवा दुकानातल्या डब्यांतले दूध वापरतो
04:51
it's nearly one-size-fits-all.
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तेव्हा ते सरसकट सर्व बाळांसाठी
बनवलेले असते.
04:53
We aren't thinking about how sons
and daughters may grow at different rates,
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आपण विचार करीत नाही मुले व मुली
यांचा वाढीचा वेग भिन्न असतो.
04:58
or different ways,
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विकासही भिन्न असतो
04:59
and that milk may be a part of that.
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दूध हे त्याचे कारण असावे.
05:02
Mothers have gotten the message
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आता हा विचार मातांपर्यंत पोहोचला आहे.
05:04
and the vast majority of mothers
intend to breastfeed,
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बहुतेक आया स्तनपानानेच बाळाचे
संवर्धन करतात.
05:07
but many do not reach
their breastfeeding goals.
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पण त्यातील अनेक आपले
ध्येय साध्य करू शकत नाहीत.
05:11
That is not their failure;
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हे काही त्यांचे अपयश नाही.
05:13
it's ours.
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आपले आहे.
05:15
Increasingly common medical conditions
like obesity, endocrine disorders,
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स्थूलता , ग्रंथी स्त्राव यातील समस्या
05:20
C-section and preterm births
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सीझर आणि वेळेआधी जन्म
05:22
all can disrupt the underlying
biology of lactation.
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या गोष्टी जैविक दुधाची
गुणवत्ता बाधित करतात.
05:25
And many women do not have
knowledgeable clinical support.
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अनेक महिलांना याचे वैद्यकीय ज्ञान नसते.
05:29
Twenty-five years ago,
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पंचवीस वर्षापूर्वी .
05:30
the World Health Organization
and UNICEF established criteria
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जागतिक आरोग्य संघटना व युनिसेफ
यांनी नियमावली घालून दिली.
05:34
for hospitals to be
considered baby friendly --
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बाळांसाठी उत्तम म्हणवू इच्छिणाऱ्या
इस्पितळांनी
05:37
that provide the optimal level
of support for mother-infant bonding
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आई व बाळ यांच्या निकटतेवर,आणि
05:41
and infant feeding.
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स्तनपानावर माहिती द्यावी .
05:43
Today, only one in five babies
in the United States
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आज अमेरिकेत पाचातील एक मूल
05:46
is born in a baby-friendly hospital.
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2160
अशा इस्पितळात जन्म घेते.
05:51
This is a problem,
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ही समस्या आहे, कारण
05:52
because mothers can grapple
with many problems
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आईला अनेक आरोग्याच्या समस्या असू शकतात.
05:55
in the minutes, hours, days
and weeks of lactation.
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काही मिनिटांसाठी, तासांसाठी
वा अनेक दिवसांसाठी
05:59
They can have struggles
with establishing latch,
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त्यांना झगडावे लागते.
06:01
with pain,
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वेदनेसहित
06:03
with milk letdown
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आईला दूध येत नाही
06:04
and perceptions of milk supply.
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दुधाबाबत चुकीची धारणा असते .
06:07
These mothers deserve
knowledgeable clinical staff
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अशा आयांना या इस्पितळात तेथील
कर्मचाऱ्यांनी माहिती दिली पाहिजे.
06:11
that understand these processes.
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ही प्रक्रिया त्यांना माहित करून द्यावी
06:14
Mothers will call me as they're
grappling with these struggles,
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अशा लढा देणाऱ्या महिला
माझ्याशी संपर्क करतात
06:18
crying with wobbly voices.
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रडवेल्या आवाजात सांगतात
06:23
"It's not working.
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"मला दूध येत नाही "
06:25
This is what I'm supposed
to naturally be able to do.
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मला स्तनपान नैसर्गिकरित्या सहज
देता आलं पाहिजे, ना?
06:27
Why is it not working?"
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"मग का असे होते ?'
06:30
And just because something
is evolutionarily ancient
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एखादी गोष्ट उत्क्रांती नियमानुसार
पुरातनकालीन असली,
06:33
doesn't mean that it's easy
or that we're instantly good at it.
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तरी ती सोपी असेल, किंवा
सहज करता येईल असं नव्हे.
06:37
You know what else
is evolutionarily ancient?
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असं दुसरं काय तुम्हाला माहीत आहे?
06:40
(Laughter)
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(हशा)
06:44
Sex.
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सेक्स
06:45
And nobody expects us
to start out being good at it.
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पहिल्या क्षणापासून कोणी त्यात तरबेज नसतं.
06:48
(Laughter)
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(हशा )
06:51
Clinicians best deliver
quality equitable care
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इस्पितळे अधिक गुणवत्तापूर्ण होतील
06:56
when they have continuing education
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जर त्यांनी असे शिक्षण दिले
06:58
about how to best support
lactation and breastfeeding.
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आणि उत्तेजन दिले स्तनपानास
07:01
And in order to have
that continuing education,
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2216
हे सतत शिक्षण देण्यासाठी
07:04
we need to anchor it
to cutting-edge research
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नवनवे संशोधन त्यांना माहित करून द्यावे.
07:06
in both the life sciences
and the social sciences,
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जीव विज्ञानात व सामाजिक विज्ञानात
07:09
because we need to recognize
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आपल्याला माहित असणे आवश्यक आहे
07:11
that too often
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अनेकदा
07:13
historical traumas and implicit biases
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ऐतिहासिक दुर्घटना गैरसमज
07:17
sit in the space between
a new mother and her clinician.
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3520
आई व बाळात दरी निर्माण करते.
07:21
The body is political.
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शरीर हे नीती निर्धार करते.
07:24
If our breastfeeding support
is not intersectional,
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स्तनपाना विषयी आपण जागरूक असणे
07:28
it's not good enough.
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पुरेसे नाही
07:31
And for moms who have to return for work,
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2976
आई जेव्हा कामावरून घरी येते,
07:34
because countries like the United States
do not provide paid parental leave,
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5016
काही देशात अमेरिकेसारख्या
संगोपन रजा मिळत नाही
07:39
they can have to go back in as short
as just a few days after giving birth.
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4160
काही काळातच त्यांना बाळंतपणा नंतर
कामावर रुजू व्हावे लागते.
07:44
How do we optimize
mother and infant health
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3336
मग आपण बाळ व आई यांची कशी काळजी घेऊ
07:47
just by messaging
about breast milk to moms
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3336
केवळ संदेश देऊन उपयोग नाही होणार
07:51
without providing
the institutional support
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2776
त्यासाठी आस्थापनांचे सहकार्य आवश्यक आहे.
07:53
that facilitates
that mother-infant bonding
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आई बाळाच्या या ममतेच्या
बंधास मदत केली पाहिजे
07:56
to support breastfeeding?
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स्तनपानास उत्तेजन दिले पाहिजे
07:58
The answer is: we can't.
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2000
पण याचे उत्तर मिळाले आपण हे करीत नाही
08:03
I'm talking to you, legislators,
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471000
2456
मी कायदे करणाऱ्यांशी बोलत आहे
08:05
and the voters who elect them.
151
473480
1936
आणि मतदारांशीही त्यांना निवडणाऱ्या.
08:07
I'm talking to you, job creators
and collective bargaining units,
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4696
मी चर्चा करीत आहे नोकऱ्या देणाऱ्यांशी
सहायभूत संघटनाशी
08:12
and workers, and shareholders.
153
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2160
कामगार व भागधारकांशी
08:15
We all have a stake
in the public health of our community,
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483360
3936
आपल्या सर्वांच्या सार्वजनिक आरोग्याविषयी
अपेक्षा आहेत मागणी आहे
08:19
and we all have a role
to play in achieving it.
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2960
हे सर्व साध्य करण्यासाठी
आपण काम केले पाहिजे.
08:23
Breast milk is a part
of improving human health.
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स्तनपान हे मानवी आरोग्याचा
विकास करणारे आहे.
08:27
In the NICU, when infants are born
early or sick or injured,
157
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4016
बालक शुश्रुषा घरात जेव्हा मूल जन्मते
अकाली व आजारी स्थितीत
08:31
milk or bioactive constituents in milk
can be critically important.
158
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3720
तेव्हा जैविक घटक असलेले दूध महत्वाचे आहे.
08:35
Environments or ecologies,
159
503360
1416
असे पर्यावरण
08:36
or communities where there's
high risk of infectious disease,
160
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3216
जेथे संसर्गजन्य आजार आहेत
08:40
breast milk can be incredibly protective.
161
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तेथे तर स्तनपान हे अनमोल सं रक्षण आहे.
08:42
Where there are emergencies
like storms and earthquakes,
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3615
वादळ भूकंप अश्या आपत्तीत
08:46
when the electricity goes out,
163
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1496
किंवा विजेचा अभाव
08:47
when safe water is not available,
164
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1976
अथवा पिण्यायोग्य पाण्याचा अभाव
08:49
breast milk can keep babies
fed and hydrated.
165
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2801
असेल तेव्हा तर हे लाख मोलाचे आहे .
08:54
And in the context of humanitarian crises,
166
522360
2696
मानवी आपत्तीच्या संदर्भात
08:57
like Syrian mothers fleeing war zones,
167
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2200
जे सिरियात घडले आईची ताटातूट युद्धात
09:00
the smallest drops can buffer babies
from the biggest global challenges.
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अशा वेळी दुधाचे काही थेंब
जीवन देऊन जागतिक आव्हान पेलतात
09:07
But understanding breast milk
is not just about messaging to mothers
169
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केवळ आईला स्तनपानाचे महत्व सांगून
उपयोगी नाही तर
09:12
and policy makers.
170
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त्यासाठी नीती निर्माण व्हावी.
09:14
It's also about understanding
what is important in breast milk
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यासाठी स्तनपानाचे महत्त्व
सर्वांनी जाणले पाहिजे
09:17
so that we can deliver better formulas
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जेणे करून आपण अधिक चांगले
तयार दूध बाळांसाठी देऊ शकू,
09:20
to moms who cannot or do not
breastfeed for whatever reason.
173
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अशा आयांना ज्या बाळाला
स्तनपान देऊ शकत नाहीत.
09:24
We can all do a better job
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1816
आपण अधिक चांगल्या रीतीने
09:26
of supporting the diversity
of moms raising their babies
175
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3296
माता अनुसरत असलेल्या विविध प्रकारच्या
बाल संगोपनाला सहाय्य करू शकू.
09:29
in a diversity of ways.
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1720
भिन्न प्रकारे.
09:32
As women around the world struggle
177
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1856
जगभरातील महिला लढा देत आहेत
09:34
to achieve political,
social and economic equality,
178
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3656
सामाजिक आर्थिक बाबतीत समता मिळवण्यासाठी.
09:38
we must reimagine motherhood
179
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आपण आईपणाची नवी व्याख्या केली पाहिजे.
09:40
as not the central,
core aspect of womanhood,
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महिलांचं अस्तित्व फक्त
आईपणाभोवती केंद्रित नसून,
09:46
but one of the many potential facets
of what makes women awesome.
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4480
आईपणा ही, महिलांना अनन्यसाधारण ठरवणाऱ्या
अनेक गोष्टींपैकी एक आहे.
09:51
It's time.
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ती वेळ येऊन ठेपली आहे.
09:53
(Applause)
183
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(टाळ्या)
Translated by arvind patil
Reviewed by Smita Kantak

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Katie Hinde - Lactation researcher
Katie Hinde is studying breast milk’s status as the first superfood, providing babies with invaluable microbes custom-tailored to their individual needs, via an incredible and unlikely dialogue between the mother’s enzymes and the baby’s saliva.

Why you should listen

Did you know mother's milk is older than dinosaurs? Or that the "biological recipe" of milk differs for sons and daughters? Or that milk doesn't just build babies but fuels them too? Mother's milk is the food, medicine and message that organize a baby's brain, body and behavior. What we take for granted in the grocery store dairy aisle has been shaped by hundreds of millions of years of natural selection. As scientists decode the mysteries of milk, we gain essential new tools for human health and well-being.

Scientist, writer and advocate, Katie Hinde, PhD, explores the dynamic interactions between mothers, milk, and infants. Author of dozens of essays and academic articles, Hinde situates her work at the intersection of the life sciences and social sciences to inform parents, clinicians and policy-makers about institutional and inter-personal support of mothers and babies. Hinde co-authored the book Building Babies and founded the science outreach blog, "Mammals Suck…Milk!"

Hinde earned a PhD in Anthropology at UCLA, completed post-doctoral training in neuroscience at the California National Primate Research Center, and then launched her faculty career in the Department of Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. Now an Associate Professor, Hinde is the Director of the Comparative Lactation Lab in the Center for Evolution and Medicine and the School of Human Evolution and Social Change at Arizona State University.

Described as "The Milk Maven" in the inaugural Grist 50 list of "innovators, organizers and visionaries who will lead us toward a more sustainable future," Hinde's work was highlighted for tackling social justice in health and research. From considering how milk feeds microbes to researching how milk shapes infant behavior , her research has been featured in the New York Times, National Geographic, La Presse, Wall Street Journal, Quartz and more. Hinde has been recognized with Early Career Awards from the International Society for Research in Human Milk and Lactation and the American Society of Primatologists for making outstanding, original contributions to these fields as a young investigator.

Importantly, Hinde is dedicated to science outreach and building enthusiasm for animals, ecology and behavior. In 2013, Hinde created the annual March Mammal Madness, a month-long science outreach extravaganza that is used in hundreds of classrooms described by Deadspin Deputy Editor Barry Petchesky as "the only bracket you need."

Understanding milk can directly translate to more personalized clinical recommendations and health optimization for mothers and their infants as well as substantiate the importance of infrastructure and institutional support for breastfeeding. Further, identifying the composition and function of milk informs the formulation of more representative artificial breast milk for those mothers facing obstacles or contraindications to breastfeeding. Lastly, decoding mother's milk will allow for enhanced precision medicine for the most fragile infants and children in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. Such integrative approaches to mother's milk take discoveries at the bench to applications at the bedside.

More profile about the speaker
Katie Hinde | Speaker | TED.com