TEDGlobal>Geneva
Caleb Harper: This computer will grow your food in the future
Kejleb Harper (Caleb Harper): Ovaj kompjuter će vam uzgajati hranu u budućnosti
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Kako bi izgledalo kad bismo mogli da uzgajamo ukusnu hranu, bogatu hranljivim sastojcima, u zatvorenom prostoru na bilo kom mestu na svetu? Kejleb Harper, direktor Sitifarma u medijskoj laboratoriji na MIT-u, želi da promeni sistem proizvodnje hrane putem povezivanja uzgajivača sa tehnologijom. Upoznajte Harperove „kompjutere za hranu“ i pogledajte kako bi poljoprivreda u budućnosti mogla da izgleda.
Caleb Harper - Principal Investigator and Director of the Open Agriculture Initiative
Caleb Harper leads a group of engineers, architects, urban planners, economists and plant scientists in the exploration and development of high performance urban agricultural systems. Full bio
Caleb Harper leads a group of engineers, architects, urban planners, economists and plant scientists in the exploration and development of high performance urban agricultural systems. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Food crisis.
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Kriza hrane.
00:14
It's in the news every day.
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U vestima je svakodnevno,
00:16
But what is it?
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ali kakva je kriza u pitanju?
00:17
Some places in the world
it's too little food,
it's too little food,
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Negde u svetu je to suviše malo hrane,
00:20
maybe too much.
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ili možda previše.
00:21
Other places, GMO is saving the world.
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Negde GMO spašava svet.
00:24
Maybe GMO is the problem?
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Možda je GMO problem?
Preveliko oticanje poljoprivrednih voda
koje stvara loše, toksične okeane,
koje stvara loše, toksične okeane,
00:27
Too much agricultural runoff
creating bad oceans, toxic oceans,
creating bad oceans, toxic oceans,
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00:30
attenuation of nutrition.
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smanjenje hrane.
00:32
They go on and on.
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Spisak se nastavlja.
00:34
And I find the current climate
of this discussion
of this discussion
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Mislim da trenutna atmosfera
ove diskusije izuzetno obeshrabruje.
ove diskusije izuzetno obeshrabruje.
00:38
incredibly disempowering.
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00:41
So how do we bring that
to something that we understand?
to something that we understand?
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Kako da prenesemo to
na nešto što razumemo?
na nešto što razumemo?
00:45
How is this apple food crisis?
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Kako ova jabuka predstavlja krizu hrane?
00:48
You've all eaten an apple
in the last week, I'm sure.
in the last week, I'm sure.
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Svi ste sigurno jeli jabuku
u poslednjih nedelju dana.
u poslednjih nedelju dana.
00:51
How old do you think it was
from when it was picked?
from when it was picked?
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Šta mislite, koliko je bila stara
od trenutka kad je ubrana?
od trenutka kad je ubrana?
00:55
Two weeks?
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Dve nedelje?
00:56
Two months?
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Dva meseca?
00:58
Eleven months --
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Jedanaest meseci.
01:00
the average age of an apple
in a grocery store in the United States.
in a grocery store in the United States.
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Prosečna starost jabuke u piljarnici
u SAD-u je jedanaest meseci.
u SAD-u je jedanaest meseci.
Pretpostavljam da je slično i u Evropi
01:03
And I don't expect it
to be much different in Europe
to be much different in Europe
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ili bilo gde u svetu.
01:05
or anywhere else in the world.
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Uberemo ih,
01:07
We pick them,
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stavimo u hladnjaču,
01:08
we put them in cold storage,
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01:10
we gas the cold storage --
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ubacimo gas u hladnjaču -
01:12
there's actually documented proof
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postoji dokumentovan dokaz
01:13
of workers trying to go
into these environments
into these environments
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o radnicima koji su pokušali
da uđu u takva okruženja
da uđu u takva okruženja
01:16
to retrieve an apple,
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da uzmu jabuke
01:17
and dying,
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i umrli,
01:19
because the atmosphere
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jer je atmosfera
01:20
that they slow down the process
of the apple with is also toxic to humans.
of the apple with is also toxic to humans.
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kojom se usporavaju procesi u jabuci
otrovna i za ljude.
otrovna i za ljude.
01:25
How is it that none of you knew this?
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Kako to da niko od vas nije znao za to?
01:27
Why didn't I know this?
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Zašto ja to nisam znao?
01:29
Ninety percent of the quality
of that apple --
of that apple --
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Devedeset odsto kvaliteta te jabuke -
svi antioksidansi - nestalo je
do trenutka kad stigne do nas.
do trenutka kad stigne do nas.
01:31
all of the antioxidants -- are gone
by the time we get it.
by the time we get it.
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01:34
It's basically a little ball of sugar.
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Ono što ostane je loptica šećera.
01:38
How did we get so information poor
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Zašto imamo tako malo informacija
01:40
and how can we do better?
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i kako možemo to da popravimo?
01:43
I think what's missing is a platform.
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Mislim da je ono što nedostaje platforma.
01:46
I know platforms -- I know computers,
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Razumem se u platforme i kompjutere.
Priključili su me na internet
kad sam bilo mali.
kad sam bilo mali.
01:48
they put me on the Internet
when I was young.
when I was young.
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Radio sam čudne stvari -
01:50
I did very weird things --
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01:51
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
na ovoj platformi,
01:52
on this platform.
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ali upoznao sam ljude
i mogao sam da se izrazim.
i mogao sam da se izrazim.
01:54
But I met people,
and I could express myself.
and I could express myself.
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Kako možete da se izrazite kroz hranu?
01:56
How do you express yourself in food?
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01:58
If we had a platform,
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Kad bismo imali platformu,
02:00
we might feel empowered
to question: What if?
to question: What if?
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možda bismo se osnažili da upitamo:
„Kako bi bilo kad bi...?“
„Kako bi bilo kad bi...?“
02:04
For me, I questioned:
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Ja sam se zapitao
02:05
What if climate was democratic?
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kako bi bilo kad bi klima
bila demokratska?
bila demokratska?
02:09
So, this is a map of climate in the world.
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Ovo je klimatska mapa sveta.
Najproduktivnija područja su zelena,
a najneproduktivnija crvena.
a najneproduktivnija crvena.
02:11
The most productive areas in green,
the least productive in red.
the least productive in red.
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Ona se premeštaju i menjaju,
02:15
They shift and they change,
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pa kalifornijski farmeri
postaju meksički farmeri.
postaju meksički farmeri.
02:16
and Californian farmers
now become Mexican farmers.
now become Mexican farmers.
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02:19
China picks up land in Brazil
to grow better food,
to grow better food,
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Kina uzima zemlju u Brazilu
da bi uzgajala bolju hranu,
da bi uzgajala bolju hranu,
02:22
and we're a slave to climate.
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i svi smo robovi klime.
02:26
What if each country had
its own productive climate?
its own productive climate?
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Kako bi bilo kad bi svaka zemlja
imala sopstvenu produktivnu klimu?
imala sopstvenu produktivnu klimu?
02:29
What would that change about how we live?
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Kako bi to promenilo naš način života?
02:32
What would that change
about quality of life and nutrition?
about quality of life and nutrition?
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Kako bi to promenilo
kvalitet života i ishranu?
kvalitet života i ishranu?
02:36
The last generation's problem
was, we need more food
was, we need more food
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Problem poslednje generacije je bio
taj da nam treba više hrane
taj da nam treba više hrane
02:39
and we need it cheap.
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i to jeftine.
02:41
Welcome to your global farm.
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Dobrodošli na svoju globalnu farmu.
02:43
We built a huge analog farm.
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Napravili smo ogromnu analognu farmu.
02:45
All these traces --
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Sve ove linije -
02:47
these are cars, planes,
trains and automobiles.
trains and automobiles.
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ovo su kola, avioni, vozovi i automobili.
02:50
It's a miracle that we feed
seven billion people
seven billion people
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Čudo je to što hranimo 7 milijardi ljudi,
02:53
with just a few of us involved
in the production of food.
in the production of food.
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a pritom je samo nas nekoliko uključeno
u proizvodnju hrane.
u proizvodnju hrane.
Kako bi bilo...
02:57
What if ...
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kad bismo napravili digitalnu farmu?
02:59
we built a digital farm?
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03:01
A digital world farm.
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Digitalnu svetsku farmu.
03:02
What if you could take this apple,
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Kako bi bilo da možete
da uzmete ovu jabuku,
da uzmete ovu jabuku,
03:06
digitize it somehow,
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digitalizujete je nekako,
03:07
send it through particles in the air
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pošaljete je kroz čestice u vazduhu
03:10
and reconstitute it on the other side?
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i rekonstruišete je na drugoj strani?
03:13
What if?
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Kako bi bilo?
03:15
Going through some of these quotes,
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Kad čitam ove citate,
03:17
you know, they inspire me to do what I do.
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inspirišu me da radim to što radim.
03:19
First one:
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Prvi glasi:
03:20
["Japanese farming has no youth,
no water, no land and no future."]
no water, no land and no future."]
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[„Japanska poljoprivreda nema mladosti,
nema vode, zemlje, ni budućnosti.“]
nema vode, zemlje, ni budućnosti.“]
To sam video onog dana
kad sam išao u Minamisanriku,
kad sam išao u Minamisanriku,
03:24
That's what I landed to the day
that I went to Minamisanriku,
that I went to Minamisanriku,
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03:28
one stop south of Fukushima,
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jednu stanicu južno od Fukušime,
03:30
after the disaster.
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nakon katastrofe.
03:31
The kids have headed to Sendai and Tokyo,
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Deca su se uputila u Sendai i Tokio,
03:34
the land is contaminated,
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zemlja je zagađena,
03:35
they already import 70 percent
of their own food.
of their own food.
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oni već uvoze 70% svoje hrane.
Međutim, to nije slučaj samo sa Japanom.
03:38
But it's not unique to Japan.
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03:40
Two percent of the American population
is involved in farming.
is involved in farming.
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Dva procenta Amerikanaca
se bavi poljoprivredom.
se bavi poljoprivredom.
03:45
What good answer comes
from two percent of any population?
from two percent of any population?
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Šta može dobro da izađe
od dva procenta bilo kojeg stanovništva?
od dva procenta bilo kojeg stanovništva?
03:49
As we go around the world,
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Kako putujemo dalje po svetu,
03:51
50 percent of the African
population is under 18.
population is under 18.
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50 posto afričke populacije
ima ispod 18 godina.
ima ispod 18 godina.
03:55
Eighty percent don't want to be farmers.
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Osamdeset posto njih
ne žele da budu farmeri.
ne žele da budu farmeri.
03:58
Farming is hard.
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Poljoprivreda je teška.
04:00
The life of a small-shareholder
farmer is miserable.
farmer is miserable.
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Život farmera,
manjinskog vlasnika, je bedan.
manjinskog vlasnika, je bedan.
04:05
They go into the city.
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Oni odlaze u grad.
04:06
In India:
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U Indiji,
04:08
farmers' families not being able
to have basic access to utilities,
to have basic access to utilities,
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porodice farmera nemaju pristup
osnovnim komunalnim uslugama,
osnovnim komunalnim uslugama,
04:11
more farmer suicides this year
and the previous 10 before that.
and the previous 10 before that.
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ima više samoubistava farmera ove godine
nego u deset koje su joj prethodile.
nego u deset koje su joj prethodile.
04:15
It's uncomfortable to talk about.
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Neprijatno je i pričati o tome.
04:17
Where are they going?
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Gde oni odlaze?
04:18
Into the city.
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U grad.
04:20
No young people, and everyone's headed in.
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Nema mladih, svi su otišli u grad.
04:22
So how do we build this platform
that inspires the youth?
that inspires the youth?
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Kako ćemo napraviti ovu platformu
koja inspiriše mlade?
koja inspiriše mlade?
04:27
Welcome to the new tractor.
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Predstavljam vam novi traktor.
04:29
This is my combine.
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Ovo je moj kombajn.
04:32
A number of years ago now,
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Pre više godina,
04:33
I went to Bed Bath and Beyond
and Home Depot
and Home Depot
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otišao sam u dve prodavnice kućne opreme
i počeo sam da eksperimentišem.
04:35
and I started hacking.
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04:36
And I built silly things
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Pravio sam blesave stvari,
04:38
and I made plants dance
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biljke koje se mrdaju
04:39
and I attached them to my computer
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i priključivao sam ih na kompjuter
04:41
and I killed them all --
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i ubijao sam ih -
04:42
a lot.
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mnogo njih.
04:44
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
Na kraju sam uspeo
da im omogućim da prežive
da im omogućim da prežive
04:45
I eventually got them to survive.
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04:47
And I created one of the most
intimate relationships
intimate relationships
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i stvorio sam jedan
od najintimnijih odnosa
od najintimnijih odnosa
u svom životu,
04:49
I've ever had in my life,
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zato što sam počeo da učim jezik biljaka.
04:51
because I was learning
the language of plants.
the language of plants.
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04:55
I wanted to make it bigger.
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Želeo sam da ih uvećam.
04:56
They said, "Knock yourself out, kid!
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One su rekle: „Samo napred, momče!
04:58
Here's an old electronics room
that nobody wants.
that nobody wants.
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Evo stare elektronske prostorije
koja nikome ne treba.
koja nikome ne treba.
05:01
What can you do?"
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Šta možeš da napraviš?“
Sa svojim timom, napravio sam
farmu u medijskoj laboratoriji,
farmu u medijskoj laboratoriji,
05:03
With my team, we built a farm
inside of the media lab,
inside of the media lab,
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05:05
a place historically known
not for anything about biology
not for anything about biology
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na mestu koje istorijski nije poznato
ni po čemu u vezi sa biologijom,
ni po čemu u vezi sa biologijom,
05:09
but everything about digital life.
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ali jeste po svemu u vezi
sa digitalnim životom.
sa digitalnim životom.
05:12
Inside of these 60 square feet,
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U ovih 5,5 kvadratnih metara
05:14
we produced enough food to feed
about 300 people once a month --
about 300 people once a month --
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proizvodili smo dovoljno hrane
za oko 300 ljudi jednom mesečno --
za oko 300 ljudi jednom mesečno --
05:18
not a lot of food.
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ne mnogo hrane.
05:19
And there's a lot of interesting
technology in there.
technology in there.
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Unutra ima mnogo zanimljive tehnologije.
05:21
But the most interesting thing?
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Šta je najzanimljivije?
05:24
Beautiful, white roots,
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Lepo, belo korenje,
05:26
deep, green colors
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tamno zelene boje
05:29
and a monthly harvest.
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i mesečna žetva.
05:31
Is this a new cafeteria?
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Je li ovo nova kantina?
05:34
Is this a new retail experience?
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Ili nova vrsta maloprodajnog objekta?
05:38
Is this a new grocery store?
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Ili nova piljarnica?
05:39
I can tell you one thing for sure:
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Jedno je sigurno:
05:42
this is the first time
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ovo je bilo prvi put
05:43
anybody in the media lab
ripped the roots off of anything.
ripped the roots off of anything.
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da neko čupa korenje u kompjuterskoj sobi.
05:46
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:48
We get our salad in bags;
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Dobijamo salatu u kesama;
05:50
there's nothing wrong with that.
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tu nema ništa loše.
05:52
But what happens
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Međutim, šta se desi
05:53
when you have an image-based
processing expert,
processing expert,
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kad imate stručnjaka
za obradu zasnovanu na slici,
za obradu zasnovanu na slici,
05:57
a data scientist,
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naučnika u oblasti podataka
05:58
a roboticist,
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i robotičara,
06:00
ripping roots off and thinking,
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koji kidaju korenje i razmišljaju:
06:02
"Huh. I know something about --
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„Hm, znam nešto o -
06:04
I could make this happen, I want to try."
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mogao bih da uspem u ovome,
želim da probam.“
želim da probam.“
06:07
In that process we would
bring the plants out
bring the plants out
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U tom procesu, iznosili smo biljke napolje
i vraćali neke nazad u laboratoriju,
06:09
and we would take some back to the lab,
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jer ako ste nešto uzgojili,
nećete da ga bacite;
nećete da ga bacite;
06:11
because if you grew it,
you don't throw it away;
you don't throw it away;
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dragoceno vam je.
06:13
it's kind of precious to you.
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Sad mi je jezik ovako čudan
06:15
I have this weird tongue now,
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jer se bojim da dam nekom bilo šta
da jede pre nego što sam probam,
da jede pre nego što sam probam,
06:16
because I'm afraid to let anybody eat
anything until I've eaten it first,
anything until I've eaten it first,
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jer sam želeo da bude dobro.
06:20
because I want it to be good.
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Zato jedem zelenu salatu svakog dana
06:21
So I eat lettuce every day
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06:22
and I can tell the pH
of a lettuce within .1.
of a lettuce within .1.
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i mogu da prepoznam
pH vrednost salate tačno u decimalu.
pH vrednost salate tačno u decimalu.
06:25
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:26
I'm like, "No, that's 6.1 -- no,
no, you can't eat it today."
no, you can't eat it today."
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Ono kao: „Ne, ta je 6,1 -
ne smeš da je jedeš danas.“
ne smeš da je jedeš danas.“
06:29
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
06:34
This lettuce that day was hyper sweet.
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Salata je tog dana bila prekomerno slatka.
To je bilo zato što je biljka
bila pod stresom
bila pod stresom
06:37
It was hyper sweet
because the plant had been stressed
because the plant had been stressed
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i proizvela je hemijsku reakciju
da bi se zaštitila:
da bi se zaštitila:
06:39
and it created a chemical reaction
in the plant to protect itself:
in the plant to protect itself:
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„Ne želim da umrem!“
06:43
"I'm not going to die!"
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06:44
And the plants not-going-to-die,
taste sweet to me.
taste sweet to me.
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Takve biljke za mene imaju sladak ukus.
06:48
Technologists falling backwards
into plant physiology.
into plant physiology.
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Tehnolozi se vraćaju
na fiziologiju biljaka.
na fiziologiju biljaka.
Mislili smo da bi drugi ljudi
trebalo da probaju ovo.
trebalo da probaju ovo.
06:51
So we thought other people
needed to be able to try this.
needed to be able to try this.
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Želeli smo da vidimo
šta ljudi mogu da naprave,
šta ljudi mogu da naprave,
06:54
We want to see what people can create,
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06:56
so we conceived of a lab
that could be shipped anywhere.
that could be shipped anywhere.
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pa smo zamislili laboratoriju
koja može da se transportuje,
koja može da se transportuje,
06:59
And then we built it.
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a zatim smo je napravili.
07:02
So on the facade
of the media lab is my lab,
of the media lab is my lab,
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Na fasadi medijske laboratorije
je moja laboratorija
je moja laboratorija
07:04
that has about 30 points
of sensing per plant.
of sensing per plant.
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koja ima oko 30 tačaka
očitavanja po biljci.
očitavanja po biljci.
07:08
If you know about the genome or genetics,
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Ako poznajete genom ili genetiku,
07:11
this is the phenome, right?
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to je fenom.
07:13
The phenomena.
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Fenomeni.
07:15
When you say, "I like
the strawberries from Mexico,"
the strawberries from Mexico,"
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Kad kažete: „Volim jagode iz Meksika“,
vi zapravo volite jagode iz podneblja
07:17
you really like the strawberries
from the climate
from the climate
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koje proizvodi izgled koji volite.
07:19
that produced the expression
that you like.
that you like.
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Ako kodirate podneblje -
07:22
So if you're coding climate --
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07:24
this much CO2, this much O2 creates
a recipe -- you're coding
a recipe -- you're coding
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toliko CO2 i toliko O2 čini recept -
vi kodirate izgled te biljke,
njenu ishranu,
njenu ishranu,
07:27
the expression of that plant,
the nutrition of that plant,
the nutrition of that plant,
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07:30
the size of that plant, the shape,
the color, the texture.
the color, the texture.
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veličinu, oblik, boju, teksturu.
07:35
We need data,
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Trebaju nam podaci,
tako da smo stavili
gomilu senzora unutra
gomilu senzora unutra
07:36
so we put a bunch of sensors in there
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07:38
to tell us what's going on.
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da nam kažu šta se dešava.
Ako pomislite na svoje kućne biljke,
07:40
If you think of your houseplants,
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07:41
and you look at your houseplant
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pogledate ih i tužni ste, i kažete:
07:43
and you're super sad, because you're like,
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„Zašto umireš? Zašto mi ne kažeš nešto?“
07:45
"Why are you dying? Won't you talk to me?"
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07:47
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:48
Farmers develop the most beautiful
fortune-telling eyes
fortune-telling eyes
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Farmeri razviju najlepše
proročke sposobnosti
proročke sposobnosti
07:51
by the time they're in their
late 60s and 70s.
late 60s and 70s.
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do svojih kasnih 60-ih ili 70-ih godina.
07:53
They can tell you when you
see that plant dying
see that plant dying
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Kad biljka krene da umire,
oni mogu da vam kažu
oni mogu da vam kažu
07:55
that it's a nitrogen deficiency,
a calcium deficiency
a calcium deficiency
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da li je u pitanju nedostatak azota,
nedostatak kalcijuma
nedostatak kalcijuma
07:58
or it needs more humidity.
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ili joj treba veća vlažnost.
07:59
Those beautiful eyes
are not being passed down.
are not being passed down.
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Te sposobnosti se ne nasleđuju.
08:03
These are eyes in the cloud of a farmer.
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Njih imaju samo farmeri.
08:06
We trend those data points over time.
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Beležimo ove podatke tokom vremena.
08:08
We correlate those data points
to individual plants.
to individual plants.
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Koreliramo te podatke
sa pojedinačnim biljkama.
sa pojedinačnim biljkama.
08:11
These are all the broccoli
in my lab that day, by IP address.
in my lab that day, by IP address.
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Ovo su svi brokoli u mojoj laboratoriji
tog dana, poređani prema IP adresama.
tog dana, poređani prema IP adresama.
08:15
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:16
We have IP-addressable broccoli.
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Imamo brokoli kome može
da se dodeli IP adresa.
da se dodeli IP adresa.
08:20
(Applause)
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488176
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(Aplauz)
08:24
So if that's not weird enough,
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A ako vam to nije dovoljno čudno,
08:27
you can click one
and you get a plant profile.
and you get a plant profile.
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možete da kliknete na neki od njih,
dobićete profil biljke
dobićete profil biljke
08:29
And what this tells you
is downloadable progress on that plant,
is downloadable progress on that plant,
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i videćete kako napreduje
njeno preuzimanje,
njeno preuzimanje,
ali ne onako kako biste pomislili.
08:32
but not like you'd think,
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08:34
it's not just when it's ready.
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Ne pokazuje samo kad je gotovo,
08:35
When does it achieve
the nutrition that I need?
the nutrition that I need?
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već i kada dostiže
hranljivu vrednost koja mi treba.
hranljivu vrednost koja mi treba.
08:37
When does it achieve
the taste that I desire?
the taste that I desire?
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Kada će postići ukus koji želim?
08:41
Is it getting too much water?
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Da li dobija suviše vode?
08:42
Is it getting too much sun?
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Ili suviše sunca?
08:44
Alerts.
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Upozorenja.
08:46
It can talk to me, it's conversant,
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Može da mi kaže nešto, upućena je,
08:47
we have a language.
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imamo jezik.
08:50
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:51
(Applause)
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519855
4636
(Aplauz)
08:56
I think of that as the first user
on the plant Facebook, right?
on the plant Facebook, right?
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Vidim je kao prvog korisnika
Fejsbuka biljaka.
Fejsbuka biljaka.
09:01
That's a plant profile
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529318
1206
Biljka ima profil
09:02
and that plant will start making friends.
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530548
1993
i onda dodaje prijatelje.
09:04
(Laughter)
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532565
1007
(Smeh)
Stvarno – postaće prijatelj
sa drugim biljkama
sa drugim biljkama
09:05
And I mean it -- it will make
friends with other plants
friends with other plants
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2619
koje koriste manje azota, više fosfora,
09:08
that use less nitrogen, more phosphorus,
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536239
2127
09:10
less potassium.
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1198
manje kalijuma.
09:11
We're going to learn about a complexity
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539910
1981
Naučićemo nešto o kompleksnosti
09:13
that we can only guess at now.
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541915
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što sada možemo samo da nagađamo.
09:16
And they may not friend us back --
I don't know, they might friend us back,
I don't know, they might friend us back,
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Možda nas neće prihvatiti za prijatelje -
ne znam, možda i hoće,
ne znam, možda i hoće,
zavisi od toga kako se ponašamo.
09:19
it depends on how we act.
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1199
09:20
So this is my lab now.
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548875
1958
Ovo je moja laboratorija sada.
09:23
It's a little bit more systematized,
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551294
1738
Malo je više sistematizovana.
Ranije sam radio na konstruisanju
serverskih centara u bolnicama,
serverskih centara u bolnicama,
09:25
my background is designing data centers
in hospitals of all things,
in hospitals of all things,
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3231
09:28
so I know a little bit about creating
a controlled environment.
a controlled environment.
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2968
tako da znam ponešto o kreiranju
kontrolisanih okruženja.
kontrolisanih okruženja.
I tako -
09:31
And so --
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559303
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09:32
inside of this environment,
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560754
1643
u ovom okruženju,
09:34
we're experimenting
with all kinds of things.
with all kinds of things.
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562421
2373
eksperimentišemo sa raznim stvarima.
09:36
This process, aeroponics, was developed
by NASA for Mir Space Station
by NASA for Mir Space Station
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564818
4208
Ovaj proces, aeroponiku, razvila je NASA
za svemirsku stanicu Mir
za svemirsku stanicu Mir
09:41
for reducing the amount of water
they send into space.
they send into space.
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da bi smanjili količinu vode
koju šalju u svemir.
koju šalju u svemir.
Funkcioniše tako što daje biljci
tačno ono što joj treba:
tačno ono što joj treba:
09:43
What it really does is give the plant
exactly what it wants:
exactly what it wants:
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2859
vodu, minerale i kiseonik.
09:46
water, minerals and oxygen.
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1635
Korenje nije toliko komplikovano,
09:48
Roots are not that complicated,
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576164
1492
09:49
so when you give them that,
you get this amazing expression.
you get this amazing expression.
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3912
i kad im to date, dobijete
ovaj neverovatan izgled.
ovaj neverovatan izgled.
09:54
It's like the plant has two hearts.
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3073
Kao da biljka ima dva srca,
09:57
And because it has two hearts,
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585569
1665
a zbog toga što ima dva srca,
09:59
it grows four or five times faster.
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587958
2069
raste četiri ili pet puta brže.
10:02
It's a perfect world.
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590657
1154
To je savršen svet.
10:03
We've gone a long way into technology
and seed for an adverse world
and seed for an adverse world
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591835
3213
Za jedan nepovoljan svet,
dosta smo napredovali u tehnologiji
dosta smo napredovali u tehnologiji
i nastavićemo to da radimo,
10:07
and we're going to continue to do that,
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1865
ali dobićemo i novi alat,
10:08
but we're going to have a new tool, too,
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1913
a to je savršen svet.
10:10
which is perfect world.
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1683
10:12
So we've grown all kinds of things.
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1679
Uzgojili smo svašta.
Ovaj paradajz se nije
komercijalno proizvodio 150 godina.
komercijalno proizvodio 150 godina.
10:14
These tomatoes hadn't been
in commercial production for 150 years.
in commercial production for 150 years.
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602308
3808
10:18
Do you know that we have
rare and ancient seed banks?
rare and ancient seed banks?
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3274
Znate li da imamo banke
retkog i drevnog semenja?
retkog i drevnog semenja?
10:22
Banks of seed.
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1742
Banke semena.
10:24
It's amazing.
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1157
To je neverovatno.
10:25
They have germplasm alive
and things that you've never eaten.
and things that you've never eaten.
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2882
One imaju živu germplazmu
i stvari koje nikad niste jeli.
i stvari koje nikad niste jeli.
Ja sam jedina osoba u ovoj prostoriji
koja je jela ovu vrstu paradajza.
koja je jela ovu vrstu paradajza.
10:28
I am the only person in this room
that's eaten that kind of tomato.
that's eaten that kind of tomato.
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3281
10:31
Problem is it was a sauce tomato
and we don't know how to cook,
and we don't know how to cook,
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3001
Problem je bio što je to paradajz za sos,
a mi ne znamo da kuvamo,
a mi ne znamo da kuvamo,
10:34
so we ate a sauce tomato,
which is not that great.
which is not that great.
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622862
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pa smo jeli paradajz za sos,
što nije tako ukusno.
što nije tako ukusno.
10:37
But we've done things with protein --
we've grown all kinds of things.
we've grown all kinds of things.
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3316
Radili smo i stvari sa proteinom -
uzgajali smo svašta.
uzgajali smo svašta.
Uzgajali smo ljude -
10:40
We've grown humans --
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1173
10:41
(Laughter)
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629779
1642
(Smeh)
10:44
Well maybe you could, but we didn't.
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1732
Možda bismo mogli, ali nismo.
10:45
But what we realized is,
262
633859
1596
Shvatili smo
10:47
the tool was too big,
it was too expensive.
it was too expensive.
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2075
da je alat prevelik i da je preskup.
10:49
I was starting to put them
around the world
around the world
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2004
Počeo sam da ih postavljam po svetu
10:51
and they were about 100,000 dollars.
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639606
1817
i koštali su oko 100 000 dolara.
Naći nekoga sa sto soma u džepu nije lako,
10:53
Finding somebody with 100 grand
in their back pocket isn't easy,
in their back pocket isn't easy,
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3009
pa smo želeli da napravimo manji.
10:56
so we wanted to make a small one.
267
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1580
10:58
This project was actually
one of my student's --
one of my student's --
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2297
Ovo je projekat
jedne od mojih studentkinja –
jedne od mojih studentkinja –
11:00
mechanical engineering
undergraduate, Camille.
undergraduate, Camille.
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2856
studentkinje mašinstva, Kamil.
11:03
So Camille and I and my team,
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1532
Kamil, ja i moj tim
11:05
we iterated all summer,
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1858
smišljali smo celo leto
kako da bude jeftiniji, kako
da ga napravimo da radi bolje,
da ga napravimo da radi bolje,
11:07
how to make it cheaper,
how to make it work better,
how to make it work better,
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2420
kako da ga napravimo tako
da mogu i drugi da ga naprave.
da mogu i drugi da ga naprave.
11:09
how to make it so other
people can make it.
people can make it.
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2024
11:11
Then we dropped them off in schools,
seventh through eleventh grade.
seventh through eleventh grade.
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3303
Onda smo ih odneli u škole,
od sedmog razreda osnovne
do trećeg srednje.
do trećeg srednje.
11:15
And if you want to be humbled,
try to teach a kid something.
try to teach a kid something.
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2999
Ako hoćete da vas neko spusti,
pokušajte da naučite dete nečemu.
pokušajte da naučite dete nečemu.
11:18
So I went into this school and I said,
276
666131
1849
Otišao sam u tu školu i rekao im:
11:20
"Set it to 65 percent humidity."
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1893
„Podesite vlažnost na 65%.“
11:21
The seventh grader
said, "What's humidity?"
said, "What's humidity?"
278
669921
2266
Jedan sedmak me pita:
„Šta je to vlažnost?"
„Šta je to vlažnost?"
11:24
And I said, "Oh, it's water in air."
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672211
1865
Ja kažem: „A, to je voda u vazduhu.“
11:26
He said, "There's no water
in air, you're an idiot."
in air, you're an idiot."
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674100
2444
A on kaže: „U vazduhu
nema vode, vi ste glupi.“
nema vode, vi ste glupi.“
11:28
(Laughter)
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676568
1019
(Smeh)
Onda sam rekao:
„Dobro, nemoj da mi veruješ.
„Dobro, nemoj da mi veruješ.
11:29
And I was like, "Alright, don't trust me.
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2009
Zapravo, nemoj da mi veruješ.
11:31
Actually -- don't trust me, right?
283
679644
1659
11:33
Set it to 100.
284
681327
1151
Podesi je na 100.“
11:34
He sets it to 100 and what happens?
285
682502
1705
On je podesio na 100, i šta se desilo?
11:36
It starts to condense, make a fog
and eventually drip.
and eventually drip.
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684231
2774
Počela je kondenzacija, napravila se magla
i na kraju je počelo da kaplje.
i na kraju je počelo da kaplje.
11:39
And he says, "Oh. Humidity is rain.
287
687457
3224
I on kaže: „Aha, vlažnost je kiša.
11:43
Why didn't you just tell me that?"
288
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1630
Zašto niste tako rekli?“
11:45
(Laughter)
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693026
1970
(Smeh)
11:47
We've created an interface
for this that's much like a game.
for this that's much like a game.
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2843
Za ovo smo napravili interfejs
koji izgleda kao igrica.
koji izgleda kao igrica.
11:50
They have a 3D environment,
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1316
Ima 3D okruženje,
mogu da se uloguju bilo gde u svetu
11:51
they can log into it anywhere in the world
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699696
2016
na pametnim telefonima ili tabletima.
11:53
on their smartphone, on their tablet.
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1783
Imaju razne delove botova -
fizičke, senzore.
fizičke, senzore.
11:55
They have different parts of the bots --
the physical, the sensors.
the physical, the sensors.
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703543
3427
Biraju recepte
koje su napravila druga deca
koje su napravila druga deca
11:58
They select recipes that have
been created by other kids
been created by other kids
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2640
bilo gde u svetu.
12:01
anywhere in the world.
296
709658
1150
Izaberu i aktiviraju
taj recept, zasade klicu.
taj recept, zasade klicu.
12:02
They select and activate that recipe,
they plant a seedling.
they plant a seedling.
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3031
Dok raste, oni prave izmene.
12:06
While it's growing, they make changes.
298
714324
1837
Pomisle, na primer: „Šta će biljci CO2?
Zar nije CO2 štetan?
Zar nije CO2 štetan?
12:08
They're like, "Why does a plant
need CO2 anyway? Isn't CO2 bad?
need CO2 anyway? Isn't CO2 bad?
299
716185
3009
On ubija ljude.“
12:11
It kills people."
300
719218
1151
Pojačajte CO2, biljka umire.
12:12
Crank up CO2, plant dies.
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720393
1371
12:14
Or crank down CO2, plant does very well.
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722404
2997
Ili smanjite CO2, biljka raste dobro.
12:17
Harvest plant,
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725425
1190
Uberite biljku
12:19
and you've created a new digital recipe.
304
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2167
i kreirali ste novi digitalni recept.
12:21
It's an iterative design and development
305
729821
2090
To je ponavljajući dizajn,
razvoj i proces istraživanja.
razvoj i proces istraživanja.
12:23
and exploration process.
306
731935
1912
12:25
They can download, then,
307
733871
1412
Zatim mogu da preuzmu
12:27
all of the data about that new plant
that they developed
that they developed
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735307
2717
sve podatke o toj novoj biljci
koju su razvili
koju su razvili
12:30
or the new digital recipe
and what did it do --
and what did it do --
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ili novi digitalni recept
i šta je on učinio -
i šta je on učinio -
da li je biljka bolja ili lošija?
12:32
was it better or was it worse?
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Zamislite ih kao mala jezgra obrade.
12:33
Imagine these as little cores
of processing.
of processing.
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2126
12:36
We're going to learn so much.
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1967
Naučićemo toliko mnogo.
12:39
Here's one of the food computers,
as we call them,
as we call them,
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Evo jednog kompjutera za hranu,
kako ih zovemo,
kako ih zovemo,
12:42
in a school in three weeks' time.
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2252
u školi, tokom tri nedelje.
12:45
This is three weeks of growth.
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1439
Ovo je tri nedelje rasta.
12:47
But more importantly,
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1844
Međutim, važnije je to
12:49
it was the first time that this kid
ever thought he could be a farmer --
ever thought he could be a farmer --
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3960
što je ovaj dečak prvi put pomislio
da bi mogao da bude farmer -
da bi mogao da bude farmer -
12:53
or that he would want to be a farmer.
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2116
ili da bi želeo da bude farmer.
12:56
So, we've open-sourced all of this.
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Tako da smo učinili sve ovo dostupnim.
Sve je na internetu. Idite kući, probajte
da napravite vaš prvi kompjuter za hranu.
da napravite vaš prvi kompjuter za hranu.
12:58
It's all online; go home, try to build
your first food computer.
your first food computer.
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13:01
It's going to be difficult --
I'm just telling you.
I'm just telling you.
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Biće teško - samo vam kažem.
Na početku smo, ali sve je tu.
13:03
We're in the beginning,
but it's all there.
but it's all there.
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Vrlo mi je važno da je lako dostupno
13:05
It's very important to me
that this is easily accessible.
that this is easily accessible.
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2699
i trudićemo se da ga učinimo
još dostupnijim.
još dostupnijim.
13:08
We're going to keep making it more so.
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1847
13:10
These are farmers,
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1428
Ovo su farmeri:
13:13
electrical engineer, mechanical engineer,
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781016
1977
elektro inženjer, mašinski inženjer,
13:15
environmental engineer,
computer scientist,
computer scientist,
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2033
inženjer ekologije, informatičar,
13:17
plant scientist,
economist, urban planners.
economist, urban planners.
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2594
botaničar, ekonomista, urbani planeri.
13:20
On one platform, doing
what they're good at.
what they're good at.
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2754
Na jednoj platformi, rade ono što znaju,
13:22
But we got a little too big.
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1824
ali postalo nam je malo pretesno.
13:24
This is my new facility
that I'm just starting.
that I'm just starting.
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2832
Ponosno prestavljam
novo postrojenje koje upravo pokrećem.
novo postrojenje koje upravo pokrećem.
Ovo skladište se može nalaziti bilo gde.
13:27
This warehouse could be anywhere.
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1840
13:30
That's why I chose it.
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1265
Zato sam ga izabrao.
13:31
And inside of this warehouse
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1623
A u ovom skladištu,
13:33
we're going to build something
kind of like this.
kind of like this.
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2369
napravićemo nešto otprilike ovako.
13:35
These exist right now.
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1462
Ovo trenutno postoji.
13:37
Take a look at it.
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Pogledajte.
13:40
These exist, too.
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1331
Ovo postoji, takođe.
13:42
One grows greens,
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810034
1280
U jednom se uzgaja povće,
13:43
one grows Ebola vaccine.
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811338
1581
a u drugom vakcine protiv ebole.
13:46
Pretty amazing that plants
and this DARPA Grand Challenge winner
and this DARPA Grand Challenge winner
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3914
Neverovatno je da su biljke
i ovaj pobednik
Velikog izazova agencije DARPA
Velikog izazova agencije DARPA
13:50
is one of the reasons
we're getting ahead of Ebola.
we're getting ahead of Ebola.
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jedan od razloga što pobeđujemo ebolu.
13:53
The plants are producing
the protein that's Ebola resistant.
the protein that's Ebola resistant.
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3524
Biljke proizvode protein
koji je otporan na ebolu.
koji je otporan na ebolu.
13:57
So pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals,
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2538
Znači - lekovi, nutraceutici,
13:59
all they way down to lettuce.
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1516
sve do zelene salate.
Međutim, ove dve stvari
uopšte ne liče međusobno
uopšte ne liče međusobno
14:01
But these two things look nothing alike,
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829620
1938
14:03
and that's where I am with my field.
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2277
i tu nastupam ja sa svojim poljem.
14:05
Everything is different.
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1389
Sve je različito.
14:07
We're in that weird "We're alright" stage
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3310
Nalazimo se u toj čudnoj fazi „dobro smo“,
14:10
and it's like, "Here's my black box --"
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1863
u fazonu: „Evo moje crne kutije -“
14:12
"No, buy mine."
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1151
„Ne, kupite moju.“
14:14
"No, no, no -- I've got intellectual
property that's totally valuable.
property that's totally valuable.
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3361
„Ne, ne - ja imam
vrednu intelektualnu svojinu.
vrednu intelektualnu svojinu.
Ne kupujte njegovu, kupite moju.“
14:17
Don't buy his, buy mine."
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1200
U stvari smo tek na početku,
14:18
And the reality is,
we're just at the beginning,
we're just at the beginning,
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2285
14:20
in a time when society is shifting, too.
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848943
2143
u vremenu u kome se i društvo menja.
Kada tražimo jeftiniju hranu,
14:23
When we ask for more, cheaper food,
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851110
1715
danas tražimo bolju, ekološku hranu.
14:24
we're now asking for better,
environmentally friendly food.
environmentally friendly food.
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3340
14:28
And when you have McDonald's advertising
what's in the Chicken McNugget,
what's in the Chicken McNugget,
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5313
A kad imate Mekdonaldsovu reklamu
koja govori šta je u pilećem meknagetu,
koja govori šta je u pilećem meknagetu,
najmisterioznijem
jestivom proizvodu svih vremena -
jestivom proizvodu svih vremena -
14:33
the most mysterious
food item of all time --
food item of all time --
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861991
2095
14:36
they are now basing
their marketing plan on that --
their marketing plan on that --
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2737
oni sada zasnivaju
svoj marketinški plan na tome -
svoj marketinški plan na tome -
14:38
everything is changing.
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1470
sve se menja.
14:40
So into the world now.
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A sada, u svet.
14:41
Personal food computers,
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1658
Lični kompjuteri za hranu,
14:44
food servers
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1150
serveri za hranu
14:47
and food data centers
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1411
i centri podataka za hranu
14:50
run on the open phenome.
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2419
rade na otvorenom fenomu.
14:53
Think open genome, but we're going
to put little climate recipes,
to put little climate recipes,
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881245
3229
Kao otvoreni genom, ali ćemo staviti
recepte za određena podneblja,
recepte za određena podneblja,
14:56
like Wikipedia,
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1161
kao Vikipedija,
14:57
that you can pull down, actuate and grow.
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3481
koje možete da izaberete,
aktivirate i uzgajate.
aktivirate i uzgajate.
15:03
What does this look like in a world?
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1730
Kako to izgleda u svetu?
Sećate se sveta povezanog linijama?
15:05
You remember the world
connected by strings?
connected by strings?
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2135
15:07
We start having beacons.
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1547
Sad imamo putokaze.
15:09
We start sending information about food,
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2086
Počinjemo da šaljemo informacije o hrani,
a ne samu hranu.
15:11
rather than sending food.
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1319
15:13
This is not just my fantasy,
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1718
Ovo nije samo moja fantazija.
15:14
this is where we're already deploying.
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2038
Na ova mesta već šaljemo.
15:17
Food computers, food servers,
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1689
Kompjuteri za hranu, serveri za hranu
15:19
soon-to-be food data centers,
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1436
i centri podataka u nastanku
15:20
connecting people together
to share information.
to share information.
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908751
2414
povezuju ljude radi razmene informacija.
15:24
The future of food is not about fighting
over what's wrong with this.
over what's wrong with this.
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5357
Budućnost hrane nije borba
oko toga šta ovome fali.
oko toga šta ovome fali.
15:30
We know what's wrong with this.
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1826
Već znamo šta mu fali.
15:33
The future of food is about networking
the next one billion farmers
the next one billion farmers
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4515
Budućnost hrane je u umrežavanju
sledeće milijarde farmera
sledeće milijarde farmera
15:37
and empowering them with a platform
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925667
2274
i obezbeđivanju platforme
tako da mogu da postave
i odgovore na pitanje:
i odgovore na pitanje:
15:39
to ask and answer the question,
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2020
15:42
"What if?"
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„Kako bi bilo kad bi...?“
15:44
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
15:45
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Caleb Harper - Principal Investigator and Director of the Open Agriculture InitiativeCaleb Harper leads a group of engineers, architects, urban planners, economists and plant scientists in the exploration and development of high performance urban agricultural systems.
Why you should listen
What do we know about the food we eat? What if there was climate democracy? These and other questions inform the work of Caleb Harper and his colleagues as they explore the future of food systems. He is the principal investigator and director of the Open Agriculture Initiative (OpenAG) at the MIT Media Lab. Under his guidance, a diverse group of engineers, architects, urbanists, economists and plant scientists (what he calls an “anti-disciplinary group”) is developing an open-source agricultural hardware, software and data common aiming to create a more agile, transparent and collaborative food system.
Caleb Harper | Speaker | TED.com