ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Angela Lee Duckworth - Psychologist
At the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success.

Why you should listen

In her late 20s, Angela Lee Duckworth left a demanding job as a management consultant at McKinsey to teach math in public schools in San Francisco, Philadelphia and New York.

After five years of teaching seventh graders, she went back to grad school to complete her Ph.D. in psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, where she is now an assistant professor in the psychology department. Her research subjects include students, West Point cadets, and corporate salespeople, all of whom she studies to determine how "grit" is a better indicator of success than factors such as IQ or family income.

More profile about the speaker
Angela Lee Duckworth | Speaker | TED.com
TED Talks Education

Angela Lee Duckworth: Grit: The power of passion and perseverance

Angela Lee Duckworth: Angela Lee Duckworth:Ufunguo wa Mafanikio? Uvumilivu na Shauku.

Filmed:
19,500,078 views

Akiacha kazi ya hali ya juu sana ya ushauri, Angela Lee Duckworth alianza kazi ya kuwafundisha hisabati wanafunzi wa darasa la saba katika shuke ya serikali jijini New York.Mara moja aligundua kuwa IQ haikuwa sababu pekee inayotoafautisha wanafunzi wanaofanya vizuri na wale wasiofanya vizuri. Hapa anaeleza nadharia yake ya uvumulivu na shauku katika kufanya vitu kama kiashiria cha mafanikio.
- Psychologist
At the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
When I was 27 yearsmiaka oldzamani,
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Nilipokuwa na miaka 27
00:14
I left a very demandingwanadai jobkazi in managementusimamizi consultingushauri
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niliacha kazi ya kuchukua muda sana kama mshauri wa utawala
00:18
for a jobkazi that was even more demandingwanadai: teachingkufundisha.
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kufanya kazi inayochukua muda zaidi sana ya kufundisha.
00:22
I wentakaenda to teachkufundisha seventhwa saba gradersgraders mathmath
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Nilienda kufundisha hisabati, watoto wa darasa la saba.
00:25
in the NewMpya YorkYork CityMji publicumma schoolsshule.
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Katika shule ya serikali ya New York.
00:27
And like any teachermwalimu, I madealifanya quizzesmitihani and testsvipimo.
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Na kama Mwalimu yeyote, niliandaa majaribio na mitihani.
00:31
I gavealitoa out homeworkkazi ya nyumbani assignmentskazi.
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Nilitoa pia mazoezi ya nyumbani
00:32
When the work camealikuja back, I calculatedmahesabu gradesmadarasa ya.
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Kazi ziliporudishwa, nikafanya mahesabu ya alama walizopata.
00:36
What struckakampiga me was that I.Q. was not the only differencetofauti
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Kilichonishangaza ni kuwa I.Q haikuwa tofauti pekee
00:41
betweenkati my bestbora and my worstmbaya zaidi studentswanafunzi.
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kati ya wanafunzi wanaofanya vizuri sana na wale waliofanya vibaya sana.
00:44
Some of my strongestnguvu zaidi performerswasanii
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Baadhi ya wale wazuri sana
00:47
did not have stratosphericstratospheric I.Q. scoresalama.
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hawakuwa na I.Q za juu sana.
00:49
Some of my smartestsmartest kidswatoto weren'thawakuwa doing so well.
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walikuwa hawafanyi vizuri sana.
00:54
And that got me thinkingkufikiri.
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na hii ikanifanya nifikiri.
00:56
The kindsaina of things you need to learnkujifunza in seventhwa saba gradedaraja mathmath,
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Vitu unavyohitaji kujifunza darasa la saba
00:59
sure, they're hardngumu: ratiosratiba, decimalsdesimali,
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ni kweli vigumu kama: uwiano,desimali,
01:02
the areaeneo of a parallelogramMsambamba.
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eneo la msambamba.
01:04
But these conceptsdhana are not impossiblehaiwezekani,
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lakini dhana hizi sio ngumu,
01:07
and I was firmlyimara convincedwanaaminika that everykila one of my studentswanafunzi
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na niliamini kuwa wanafunzi wangu
01:11
could learnkujifunza the materialvifaa
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wanaweza kujifunza vitu hivi
01:13
if they workedkazi hardngumu and long enoughkutosha.
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kama wakijituma kwa bidii.
01:16
After severalkadhaa more yearsmiaka of teachingkufundisha,
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Baada ya miaka kadhaa ya kufundisha,
01:19
I camealikuja to the conclusionhitimisho that what we need in educationelimu
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nilipata hitimisho kuwa tunachohitaji katika elimu
01:22
is a much better understandinguelewa of studentswanafunzi and learningkujifunza
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ni ufahamu mzuri zaidi wa wanafunzi na usomaji
01:26
from a motivationalakihamasisha perspectivemtazamo,
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kwa kuangalia upande wa uhimizaji
01:28
from a psychologicalkisaikolojia perspectivemtazamo.
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kwa kuangalia upande wa kisaikolojia
01:31
In educationelimu, the one thing we know how to measurekupima bestbora
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Katika elimu,kitu tunachokipima vizuri
01:36
is I.Q., but what if doing well in schoolshule and in life
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ni I.Q, lakini vipi kama kufanikiwa shuleni na katika maisha
01:42
dependsinategemea on much more
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inategemea zaidi
01:44
than your abilityuwezo to learnkujifunza quicklyharaka and easilykwa urahisi?
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ya uwezo wako wa kusoma haraka na kirahisi?
01:48
So I left the classroomdarasa,
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Nikaondoka darasani,
01:50
and I wentakaenda to graduateHitimu schoolshule to becomekuwa a psychologistmwanasaikolojia.
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na nikaenda katika masomo ya uzamili ili kuwa mwanasaikolojia
01:53
I startedilianza studyingkusoma kidswatoto and adultswatu wazima
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nikaanza kujifunza kuhusu watoto na watu wazima
01:55
in all kindsaina of supersuper challengingchangamoto settingsVipimo vya,
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katika mazingira magumu mbalimbali,
01:58
and in everykila studykujifunza my questionswali was,
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na katika kila utafiti swali langu lilikuwa,
02:01
who is successfulimefanikiwa here and why?
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ni nani ambaye amefanikiwa hapa na kwa nini?
02:04
My researchutafiti teamtimu and I wentakaenda to WestMagharibi PointPointi MilitaryKijeshi AcademyChuo cha.
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Timu yangu ya watafiti na mimi tulienda katika chuo cha kijeshi cha West Point.
02:08
We triedwalijaribu to predicttabiri whichambayo cadetsmakadeti wa
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Tulijaribu kutabiri makadeti gani
02:10
would staykaa in militarykijeshi trainingmafunzo and whichambayo would droptone out.
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watakaa katika mafunzo na wale ambao watashindwa na mafunzo
02:14
We wentakaenda to the NationalTaifa SpellingTahajia BeeNyuki
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Tukaenda shindano la taifa la kutamka herufi
02:16
and triedwalijaribu to predicttabiri whichambayo childrenwatoto would advancekuendeleza
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na kutabiri watoto gani wataendelea mpaka
02:19
farthestmwisho in competitionushindani.
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mwisho wa shindano.
02:21
We studiedalisoma rookiekwanza teacherswalimu
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Tuliwatafiti walimu wapya
02:23
workingkufanya kazi in really toughngumu neighborhoodsvitongoji, askingkuuliza
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wanaofanya kazi katika maeneo magumu sana, tukiuliza
02:26
whichambayo teacherswalimu are still going to be here in teachingkufundisha
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walimu gani wataendelea kuwepo wakifundisha
02:29
by the endmwisho of the schoolshule yearmwaka,
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mpaka mwisho wa mwaka wa masomo,
02:31
and of those, who will be the mostwengi effectiveufanisi
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na kati yao,yupi atakuwa amefanikiwa
02:34
at improvingkuboresha learningkujifunza outcomesmatokeo for theirwao studentswanafunzi?
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kuongeza uwezo wa kimasomo wa wanafunzi wake?
02:37
We partneredushirikiano with privatePrivat companiesmakampuni, askingkuuliza,
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Tulishirikiana na kampuni binafsi, tukiuliza
02:39
whichambayo of these salespeoplesalespeople is going to keep theirwao jobskazi?
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kati ya watu kadhaa wa masoko ni yupi atakayeendelea kuwa kazini?
02:42
And who'snani going to earnkupata the mostwengi moneyfedha?
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na yupi atapata pesa nyingi zaidi?
02:44
In all those very differenttofauti contextsmiktadha,
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katika mazingira hayo mbalimbali,
02:47
one characteristictabia emergediliibuka
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kitu kimoja kiliibuka
02:49
as a significantmuhimu predictorpredictor of successmafanikio.
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kama kiashiria muhimu cha mafanikio.
02:52
And it wasn'thaikuwa socialkijamii intelligenceakili.
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haikuwa uwezo wa kufikiri.
02:54
It wasn'thaikuwa good looksinaonekana, physicalkimwili healthafya, and it wasn'thaikuwa I.Q.
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haikuwa mwonekano wa kuvutia,afya nzuri na haikuwa I.Q
02:59
It was gritmchanga au changarawe.
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ilikuwa ni uvumilivu na shauku
03:01
GritMchanga au changarawe is passionshauku and perseveranceuvumilivu for very long-termmuda mrefu goalsmalengo.
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ni shauku na uvumilivu wa malengo ya muda mrefu.
03:06
GritMchanga au changarawe is havingkuwa na staminaushupavu.
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ni kuwa na stamina.
03:09
GritMchanga au changarawe is stickingkushikamana with your futurebaadaye, day in, day out,
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ni kung'ang'ania kila siku,
03:13
not just for the weekwiki, not just for the monthmwezi,
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si kwa wiki moja, si kwa mwezi mmoja,
03:16
but for yearsmiaka, and workingkufanya kazi really hardngumu
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lakini ni kwa miaka, ma kufanya kazi kwa bidii
03:20
to make that futurebaadaye a realityukweli.
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na kufanya maisha yako ya baadaye kuwa kitu halisi.
03:22
GritMchanga au changarawe is livingwanaishi life like it's a marathonmashindano ya mbio ndefu, not a sprintsprint.
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ni kuishi maisha kama mbio ndefu za marathon na sio mbio fupi.
03:27
A fewwachache yearsmiaka agoiliyopita, I startedilianza studyingkusoma gritmchanga au changarawe
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Miaka michache iliyopita nilianza, kujifunza kuhusu hali hii
03:30
in the ChicagoChicago publicumma schoolsshule.
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katika shule za serikali za mji wa Chicago.
03:32
I askedaliuliza thousandsmaelfu of highjuu schoolshule juniorsJuniors
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niliwaomba maelfu ya wanafunzi wa sekondari
03:35
to take gritmchanga au changarawe questionnairesDodoso,
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kujibu dodoso kuhusu hali hii
03:37
and then waitedwalisubiri around more than a yearmwaka
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baadae nikasubiri zaidi ya mwaka mmoja
03:39
to see who would graduateHitimu.
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kuangalia ni nani atakayehitimu.
03:41
TurnsZamu out that grittiergrittier kidswatoto
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inaonekana watoto wenye shauku na uvumilivu huu sana
03:43
were significantlykwa kiasi kikubwa more likelyuwezekano to graduateHitimu,
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walikuwa na nafasi kubwa zaidi ya kuhitimu,
03:46
even when I matchedinafanana them on everykila characteristictabia I could measurekupima,
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hata pale nilipolinganisha vigezo mbalimbali,
03:50
things like familyfamilia incomemapato,
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vigezo kama kipato cha familia,
03:52
standardizedstandardized achievementmafanikio testmtihani scoresalama,
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matokeo ya mitihani ya kupima uwezo,
03:55
even how safesalama kidswatoto feltwalihisi when they were at schoolshule.
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hata watoto walivyojisikia salama wakiwa shuleni.
03:59
So it's not just at WestMagharibi PointPointi or the NationalTaifa SpellingTahajia BeeNyuki
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Kwa hiyo si tu katika chuo cha Westpoint au shindano la taifa la kutamka herufi
04:02
that gritmchanga au changarawe mattersmambo. It's alsopia in schoolshule,
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shauku na uvumilivu huu unapokuwa na maana,lakini shuleni,
04:05
especiallyhasa for kidswatoto at riskhatari for droppingkuacha out.
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zaidi sana kwa watoto walio hatarini kuacha masomo.
04:09
To me, the mostwengi shockingkushangaza thing about gritmchanga au changarawe
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Kwangu kitu cha kushangaza kuhusu shauku na uvumilivu huu
04:11
is how little we know,
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ni jinsi tusivyofahamu mengi kuhusu hali hii
04:14
how little sciencesayansi knowsanajua, about buildingkujenga it.
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jinsi kidogo sana sayansi inavyojua, kuhusu kuijenga.
04:16
EveryKila day, parentswazazi and teacherswalimu askkuuliza me,
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Kila siku, wazazi na walimu wananiuliza,
04:19
"How do I buildjenga gritmchanga au changarawe in kidswatoto?
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"Ninaijengaje hali hii ndani ya watoto"?
04:21
What do I do to teachkufundisha kidswatoto a solidimara work ethicmaadili?
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nifanyeje kuwafundisha watoto umuhimu wa kazi?
04:24
How do I keep them motivatedmotisha for the long runkukimbia?"
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nifanyeje kuwamasisha kwa muda mredu zaidi?"
04:27
The honestwaaminifu answerjibu is, I don't know. (LaughterKicheko)
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Jibu ni kuwa sijui.(vicheko)
04:32
What I do know is that talenttalanta doesn't make you grittygritty.
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nachojua ni kuwa kipaji hakikusaidii kuwa na hali hii.
04:35
Our datadata showonyesha very clearlywazi
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Taarifa zetu zinaonyesha wazi wazi
04:37
that there are manywengi talentedwenye vipaji individualswatu binafsi
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kuwa wapo wengi wenye vipaji mbalimbali
04:39
who simplytu do not followFuata throughkupitia on theirwao commitmentsahadi.
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lakini wanshindwa kutimiza majukumu yao.
04:43
In factukweli, in our datadata, gritmchanga au changarawe is usuallykwa kawaida unrelatedhaihusiani
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na ukweli ni kwamba katika taarifa zetu,inaonyesha hakuna uhusiano
04:47
or even inverselyinversely relatedkuhusiana to measuresvipimo of talenttalanta.
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wa aina yoyote na kipaji
04:52
So farmbali, the bestbora ideawazo I've heardkusikia about buildingkujenga gritmchanga au changarawe in kidswatoto
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mpaka sasa,wazo zuri zaidi la kujenga hali hii kwa watoto nililolisikia
04:56
is something calledaitwaye "growthukuaji mindsetkuzingatia."
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ni kitu kinaitwa "ukuaji wa ufahamu."
04:59
This is an ideawazo developedmaendeleo at StanfordStanford UniversityChuo Kikuu cha
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hili ni wazo liloanzishwa chuo kikuu cha Stanford
05:01
by CarolCarol DweckDweck, and it is the beliefimani
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na Carol Dweck, na ni imani kuwa
05:04
that the abilityuwezo to learnkujifunza is not fixedimara,
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uwezo wa kujifunza hauna mipaka,
05:08
that it can changemabadiliko with your effortjuhudi.
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unaweza kubadilika kutokana na juhudi yako.
05:11
DrDr. DweckDweck has shownimeonyeshwa that when kidswatoto readsoma and learnkujifunza
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Dr Dweck ameonyesha kuwa watoto wanaposoma na kujifunza
05:14
about the brainubongo and how it changesmabadiliko and growsinakua
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kuhusu ubongo na jinsi unavyokua na kuongezeka
05:17
in responsejibu to challengechangamoto,
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unapokabiliana na changamoto,
05:19
they're much more likelyuwezekano to perseverekustahimili when they failkushindwa,
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wanakuwa na nafasi kubwa ya kuvumilia wanaposhindwa,
05:23
because they don't believe that failurekushindwa
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kwa kuwa hawaamini kuwa kushindwa
05:26
is a permanentya kudumu conditionhali.
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kuwa ni hali ya kudumu.
05:28
So growthukuaji mindsetkuzingatia is a great ideawazo for buildingkujenga gritmchanga au changarawe.
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Kwa hiyo ukuaji wa ufahamu ni wazo zuri kwa kujenga hali hii.
05:32
But we need more.
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lakini tunahitaji zaidi.
05:34
And that's where I'm going to endmwisho my remarkshotuba,
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na hapa ndipo nitafunga maelezo yangu,
05:36
because that's where we are.
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kwa sababu ndipo tulipo.
05:37
That's the work that standsinasimama before us.
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Hii ndiyo kazi iliyoko mbele yetu.
05:40
We need to take our bestbora ideasmawazo, our strongestnguvu zaidi intuitionsintuitions,
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Tunahitaji kuchukua mawazo yetu mazuri
05:44
and we need to testmtihani them.
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na kuyajaribu.
05:46
We need to measurekupima whetherkama we'vetumekuwa been successfulimefanikiwa,
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Tunahitaji kupima kama tumefanikiwa,
05:49
and we have to be willingtayari to failkushindwa, to be wrongsi sawa,
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na tunahitaji kukubali kufeli,kutokuwa sahihi,
05:52
to startkuanza over again with lessonsmasomo learnedkujifunza.
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kuanza upya na masomo tuliyojifunza.
05:55
In other wordsmaneno, we need to be grittygritty
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Kwa maneno mengine, tunahitaji kuwa na uvumilivu na shauku hii.
05:59
about gettingkupata our kidswatoto grittiergrittier.
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kuwafanye watoto wetu kuwa na shauku na uvumilivu huu.
06:02
Thank you.
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Asante
06:03
(ApplauseMakofi)
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(Makofi)
Translated by Joachim Mangilima
Reviewed by Nelson Simfukwe

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Angela Lee Duckworth - Psychologist
At the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success.

Why you should listen

In her late 20s, Angela Lee Duckworth left a demanding job as a management consultant at McKinsey to teach math in public schools in San Francisco, Philadelphia and New York.

After five years of teaching seventh graders, she went back to grad school to complete her Ph.D. in psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, where she is now an assistant professor in the psychology department. Her research subjects include students, West Point cadets, and corporate salespeople, all of whom she studies to determine how "grit" is a better indicator of success than factors such as IQ or family income.

More profile about the speaker
Angela Lee Duckworth | Speaker | TED.com