TEDSummit
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala: How Africa can keep rising
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala: Jinsi gani Afrika itaendelea kukua
Filmed:
Readability: 4.2
918,971 views
Ukuaji wa Kiafrika ni harakati, sio ubabaishaji, anasema mchumi na aliyekuwa Waziri wa Fedha wa Nigeria Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala. Katika mazungumzo haya ya kusisimua yaliyo wazi,Okonjo Iweala anaelezea hatua endelevu barani na kuainia changamoto nane ambazo mataifa ya Kiafrika bado yanahitaji kuzungumzia ili kuweza kuwa na maisha bora baadaye.
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Simulizi za Afrika inayokua
zinapata changamoto
zinapata changamoto
00:12
The narrative of a rising Africa
is being challenged.
is being challenged.
0
480
3856
00:16
About 10 years ago,
I spoke about an Africa,
I spoke about an Africa,
1
4360
4456
Karibia miaka 10 iliyopita
Niliongea kuhusu Afrika,
Niliongea kuhusu Afrika,
00:20
an Africa of hope and opportunity,
2
8840
2696
Afrika yenye matumaini na fursa,
00:23
an Africa of entrepreneurs,
3
11560
1936
Afrika ya wajasiriamali,
00:25
an Africa very different from the Africa
that you normally hear about
that you normally hear about
4
13520
3456
Afrika tofauti kabisa na Afrika
ambayo umezoaea kusikia
ambayo umezoaea kusikia
00:29
of death, poverty and disease.
5
17000
2776
ya vifo, umaskini na magonjwa.
00:31
And that what I spoke about,
6
19800
2056
Na kile nilichokiongelea,
00:33
became part of what is known now
as the narrative of the rising Africa.
as the narrative of the rising Africa.
7
21880
5456
ikawa sehemu ya kile kinachojulikana sasa
kama hadithi ya Afrika inayokua.
kama hadithi ya Afrika inayokua.
00:39
I want to tell you two stories
about this rising Africa.
about this rising Africa.
8
27360
3336
Nataka niwaambie hadithi mbili
kuhusu hii Afrika inayokua.
kuhusu hii Afrika inayokua.
00:42
The first has to do with Rwanda,
9
30720
1776
Ya kwanza inaihusisha Rwanda,
00:44
a country that has gone
through many trials and tribulations.
through many trials and tribulations.
10
32520
3416
nchi ambayo imepitia majaribu mengi
na dhiki.
na dhiki.
00:47
And Rwanda has decided to become
the technology hub, or a technology hub
the technology hub, or a technology hub
11
35960
4496
Na Rwanda ikaamua kuwa kitovu
cha teknolojia, au kitovu cha teknolojia
cha teknolojia, au kitovu cha teknolojia
00:52
on the continent.
12
40480
1336
kwenye bara la Afrika.
00:53
It's a country with mountainous
and hilly terrain,
and hilly terrain,
13
41840
3016
Ni nchi yenye milima na ardhi ya eneo
lenye vilima,
lenye vilima,
00:56
a little bit like here,
14
44880
1216
kidogo kama hapa,
00:58
so it's very difficult
to deliver services to people.
to deliver services to people.
15
46120
3176
hivyo ni vigumu sana
kupeleka huduma kwa watu.
kupeleka huduma kwa watu.
01:01
So what has Rwanda said?
16
49320
1696
Hivyo Rwanda imesema nini?
01:03
In order to save lives,
it's going to try using drones
it's going to try using drones
17
51040
3656
Ili kuweza kuokoa maisha,
itajaribu kutumia ndege zisizo na rubani
itajaribu kutumia ndege zisizo na rubani
01:06
to deliver lifesaving drugs,
vaccines and blood
vaccines and blood
18
54720
3216
kupeleka madawa ya kuokoa maisha,
chanjo na damu
chanjo na damu
01:09
to people in hard-to-reach places
19
57960
2016
kwa watu katika sehemu zisizo fikika
01:12
in partnership with
a company called Zipline,
a company called Zipline,
20
60000
2496
wakishirikiana na
kampuni inayoitwa Zipline,
kampuni inayoitwa Zipline,
01:14
with UPS, and also with the Gavi,
a global vaccine alliance.
a global vaccine alliance.
21
62520
4536
pamoja na UPS, na pia Gavi
shirika la kimataifa la chanjo.
shirika la kimataifa la chanjo.
01:19
In doing this, it will save lives.
22
67080
2376
Katika kufanya hivi, itaokoa maisha.
01:21
This is part of the type of innovation
we want to see in the rising Africa.
we want to see in the rising Africa.
23
69480
5296
Hii ni sehemu ya ubunifu
tunayotaka kuona katika Afrika inayokua.
tunayotaka kuona katika Afrika inayokua.
01:26
The second story has to do with something
24
74800
2536
Hadithi ya pili inahusiana na jambo
01:29
that I'm sure most of you
have seen or will remember.
have seen or will remember.
25
77360
3016
ambalo ninauhakika wengi wenu
mmeona au mtakumbuka.
mmeona au mtakumbuka.
01:32
Very often, countries in Africa
suffer drought and floods,
suffer drought and floods,
26
80400
3896
Mara nyingi, nchi za Afrika
zimeteseka na ukame na mafuriko,
zimeteseka na ukame na mafuriko,
01:36
and it's getting more frequent
because of climate change effects.
because of climate change effects.
27
84320
3696
na inaongezeka zaidi kwasababu
ya athari za mabadiliko ya tabia nchi.
ya athari za mabadiliko ya tabia nchi.
01:40
When this happens, they normally wait
for international appeals to raise money.
for international appeals to raise money.
28
88040
5696
Wakati haya yanapotokea, kawaida
husubiri nchi za kimataifa kuchanga fedha.
husubiri nchi za kimataifa kuchanga fedha.
01:45
You see pictures of children
with flies on their faces,
with flies on their faces,
29
93760
3376
Unaona picha za watoto
wakiwa na nzi kwenye nyuso zao
wakiwa na nzi kwenye nyuso zao
01:49
carcasses of dead animals and so on.
30
97160
2496
mizoga ya wanyama waliokufa na kadhalika.
01:51
Now these countries,
32 countries, came together
32 countries, came together
31
99680
3016
Sasa nchi hizi,
nchi 32, zilikutana pamoja
nchi 32, zilikutana pamoja
01:54
under the auspices of the African Union
32
102720
2456
chini ya mwamvuli wa Umoja wa Afrika
01:57
and decided to form an organization
called the African Risk Capacity.
called the African Risk Capacity.
33
105200
5016
na kuamua kuunda shirika
linaloitwa Africa Risk Capacity.
linaloitwa Africa Risk Capacity.
02:02
What does it do?
34
110240
1216
Linafanya nini?
02:03
It's a weather-based insurance agency,
35
111480
2096
Ni wakala wa bima wa hali ya hewa
02:05
and what these countries do
is to pay insurance each year,
is to pay insurance each year,
36
113600
4376
na nchi hizi zinachofanya
ni kulipa bima kila mwaka,
ni kulipa bima kila mwaka,
02:10
about 3 million dollars a year
of their own resources,
of their own resources,
37
118000
2936
karibia dola milioni 3 kwa mwaka
kutoka kwenye rasilimali zao,
kutoka kwenye rasilimali zao,
02:12
so that in the event they have
a difficult drought situation or flood,
a difficult drought situation or flood,
38
120960
4816
ili kwamba endapo wanakumbwa
na hali ya ukame mgumu au mafuriko,
na hali ya ukame mgumu au mafuriko,
02:17
this money will be paid out to them,
39
125800
2616
fedha hizi zitalipwa kuwasaidia
02:20
which they can then use
to take care of their populations,
to take care of their populations,
40
128440
2736
ambazo wanaweza kuzitumia
kuwatunza wananchi wao
kuwatunza wananchi wao
02:23
instead of waiting for aid to come.
41
131200
2776
badala ya kusubiri msaada kuja.
02:26
The African Risk Capacity
last year paid 26 million dollars
last year paid 26 million dollars
42
134000
4216
Shirika la African Risk Capacity
mwaka jana lilipa dola milioni 26
mwaka jana lilipa dola milioni 26
02:30
to Mauritania, Senegal and Niger.
43
138240
2496
kwa Mauritania, Senegal na Niger.
02:32
This enabled them to take care
of 1.3 million people affected by drought.
of 1.3 million people affected by drought.
44
140760
5456
Hii iliwawezesha kuwatunza
watu milioni 1.3 walioathirika na ukame.
watu milioni 1.3 walioathirika na ukame.
02:38
They were able to restore livelihoods,
45
146240
2336
Waliweza kurudisha tena maisha yao,
02:40
buy fodder for cattle,
feed children in school
feed children in school
46
148600
2696
kununua majani ya n'gombe
kulisha watoto mashuleni
kulisha watoto mashuleni
02:43
and in short keep the populations home
instead of migrating out of the area.
instead of migrating out of the area.
47
151320
5776
kuwafanya wananchi wabaki nyumbani
badala ya kuhama nje ya eneo.
badala ya kuhama nje ya eneo.
02:49
So these are the kinds of stories
48
157120
1856
Hivyo hizi ni aina za hadithi
02:51
of an Africa ready
to take responsibility for itself,
to take responsibility for itself,
49
159000
3616
za Afrika iliyotayari
kuchukua majikumu yake yenyewe,
kuchukua majikumu yake yenyewe,
02:54
and to look for solutions
for its own problems.
for its own problems.
50
162640
3176
na kutafuta suluhisho
kwa matatizo yake yenyewe.
kwa matatizo yake yenyewe.
02:57
But that narrative is being challenged now
51
165840
2496
Ila simulizi hizo zinapata changamoto sasa
03:00
because the continent has not
been doing well in the last two years.
been doing well in the last two years.
52
168360
4816
kwasababu bara letu halijafanya vema
kwa miaka miwili iliyopita.
kwa miaka miwili iliyopita.
03:05
It had been growing
at five percent per annum
at five percent per annum
53
173200
2936
Ilikuwa inakua kwa kiwango
cha asilimia 5 kwa mwaka
cha asilimia 5 kwa mwaka
03:08
for the last one and a half decades,
54
176160
1936
kwa muongo mmoja na nusu uliopita
03:10
but this year's forecast
was three percent. Why?
was three percent. Why?
55
178120
2776
lakini utabiri wa mwaka huu
ulikuwa asilimia tatu. Kwanini?
ulikuwa asilimia tatu. Kwanini?
03:12
In an uncertain global environment,
commodity prices have fallen.
commodity prices have fallen.
56
180920
4176
kwa mazingira ya ulimwengu yanavyobadilika
bei za bidhaa zimeshuka.
bei za bidhaa zimeshuka.
03:17
Many of the economies
are still commodity driven,
are still commodity driven,
57
185120
3176
Uchumi wa nchi nyingi
bado unaendeshwa na bidhaa,
bado unaendeshwa na bidhaa,
03:20
and therefore their
performance has slipped.
performance has slipped.
58
188320
2560
na hivyo utendaji wake
umeteleza
umeteleza
03:23
And now the issue of Brexit
doesn't make it any easier.
doesn't make it any easier.
59
191480
3976
Na sasa suala la kujitoa kwa Uingereza
haifanyi iwe rahisi
haifanyi iwe rahisi
03:27
I never knew that the Brexit could happen
60
195480
3616
Sikujua kama Uingereza ingejitoa
03:31
and that it could be one of the things
that would cause global uncertainty
that would cause global uncertainty
61
199120
4136
na hilo lingekuwa moja ya vitu ambavyo
vingeleta kutokuwa na uhakika ulimwenguni
vingeleta kutokuwa na uhakika ulimwenguni
03:35
such as we have.
62
203280
1296
kama tulivyo.
03:36
So now we've got this situation,
63
204600
2176
Hivyo sasa tuna hii hali
03:38
and I think it's time to take stock
64
206800
2856
na ninafikiri ni wakati wakuangalia
03:41
and to say what were the things
that the African countries did right?
that the African countries did right?
65
209680
4856
na kusema ni vitu gani ambavyo
nchi za Afrika zilifanya sahihi?
nchi za Afrika zilifanya sahihi?
03:46
What did they do wrong?
66
214560
1640
Kipi walikosea?
03:48
How do we build on all of this
and learn lessons
and learn lessons
67
216840
2456
Tutajengaje kwenye haya yote
na kujifunza
na kujifunza
03:51
so that we can keep Africa rising?
68
219320
2800
ili kwamba tuendeleze Afrika inayokua?
03:54
So let me talk about six things
that I think we did right.
that I think we did right.
69
222720
3360
Hivyo ngoja niongelee kuhusu mambo sita
ninayofikiri tulifanya sahihi.
ninayofikiri tulifanya sahihi.
03:58
The first is managing
our economies better.
our economies better.
70
226720
3296
La kwanza ni kusimamia
uchumi wa nchi zetu vizuri
uchumi wa nchi zetu vizuri
04:02
The '80s and '90s were the lost decades,
when Africa was not doing well,
when Africa was not doing well,
71
230040
4256
Miaka ya 80 na 90 ni miongo iliyopotea,
wakati Afrika haikuwa ikifanya vizuri,
wakati Afrika haikuwa ikifanya vizuri,
04:06
and some of you will remember
an "Economist" cover
an "Economist" cover
72
234320
3616
na baadhi yenu mtakumbuka ukurasa
wa mbele wa gazeti la "Economist"
wa mbele wa gazeti la "Economist"
04:09
that said, "The Lost Continent."
73
237960
2016
lililosema, "Bara lililopotea"
04:12
But in the 2000s, policymakers learned
74
240000
4096
Ila miaka ya 2000 watunga sera walijifunza
04:16
that they needed to manage
the macroeconomic environment better,
the macroeconomic environment better,
75
244120
4256
kwamba wanahitaji kusimamia
mazingira ya uchumi vizuri zaidi,
mazingira ya uchumi vizuri zaidi,
04:20
to ensure stability,
76
248400
1536
kuhakikisha uthabiti,
04:21
keep inflation low in single digits,
77
249960
2616
kushusha mfumuko wa bei kufika
tarakimu moja,
tarakimu moja,
04:24
keep their fiscal deficits low,
below three percent of GDP,
below three percent of GDP,
78
252600
5576
kushusha nakisi ya bajeti, chini ya
asilimia tatu ya Pato la Taifa,
asilimia tatu ya Pato la Taifa,
04:30
give investors, both domestic and foreign,
79
258200
3896
wape wawekezaji, wote wa ndani na wageni,
04:34
some stability so they'll have confidence
to invest in these economies.
to invest in these economies.
80
262120
3816
aina ya uthabiti ili wawe na imani ya
kuwekeza kwenye chumi hizi.
kuwekeza kwenye chumi hizi.
04:37
So that was number one.
81
265960
1496
Hivyo hiyo ilikuwa namba moja.
04:39
Two, debt.
82
267480
1336
Mbili, deni.
04:40
In 1994, the debt-to-GDP ratio
of African countries was 130 percent,
of African countries was 130 percent,
83
268840
5696
Mwaka 1994, urari wa deni la Pato la taifa
wa nchi za Kiafrila ulikuwa asilimia 130,
wa nchi za Kiafrila ulikuwa asilimia 130,
04:46
and they didn't have fiscal space.
84
274560
2256
na hawakuwa na nafasi ya fedha nakisi
04:48
They couldn't use their resources
to invest in their development
to invest in their development
85
276840
3016
Hawakuweza kutumia rasilimali zao
kuwekeza kwenye maendeleo yao
kuwekeza kwenye maendeleo yao
04:51
because they were paying debt.
86
279880
1456
kwakuwa walikuwa wanalipa deni
04:53
There may be some of you in this room
who worked to support African countries
who worked to support African countries
87
281360
4736
kwaweza kuwa na baadhi yenu humu ndani
mliofanyakazi kusaidia nchi za Afrika
mliofanyakazi kusaidia nchi za Afrika
04:58
to get debt relief.
88
286120
1296
kupata unafuu wa madeni.
04:59
So private creditors, multilaterals
and bilaterals came together
and bilaterals came together
89
287440
4456
Hivyo wadai binafsi, wa pande mbalimbali
na pande mbili waliunganika
na pande mbili waliunganika
05:03
and decided to do the Highly Indebted
Poor Countries Initiative
Poor Countries Initiative
90
291920
3616
na kuamua kuanzisha mpango wa
Nchi Fukara zenye Mzigo wa madeni
Nchi Fukara zenye Mzigo wa madeni
05:07
and give debt relief.
91
295560
1256
na kutoa unafuu wa madeni.
05:08
So this debt relief in 2005
92
296840
2096
Hivyo unafuu huu wa madeni mwaka 2005
05:10
made the debt-to-GDP ratio
fall down to about 30 percent,
fall down to about 30 percent,
93
298960
3936
ulifanya urari wa deni kwa Pato la taifa
kushuka hadi takriban asilimia 30,
kushuka hadi takriban asilimia 30,
05:14
and there was enough resources
to try and reinvest.
to try and reinvest.
94
302920
3896
na kulikuwa na rasilimali za kutosha
kujaribu na kuwekeza upya.
kujaribu na kuwekeza upya.
05:18
The third thing was
loss-making enterprises.
loss-making enterprises.
95
306840
2456
Kitu cha tatu kilikuwa
makampuni yaliyopata hasara
makampuni yaliyopata hasara
05:21
Governments were involved in business
96
309320
2056
Serikali zilishiriki katika biashara
05:23
which they had no business being in.
97
311400
2256
ambazo hawakupaswa kuzifanya.
05:25
And they were running businesses,
they were making losses.
they were making losses.
98
313680
3096
Na walikuwa wanaendesha biashara,
walikuwa wanapata hasara.
walikuwa wanapata hasara.
05:28
So some of these enterprises
were restructured,
were restructured,
99
316800
2736
Hivyo baadhi ya makampuni haya
yaliundwa upya,
yaliundwa upya,
05:31
commercialized, privatized or closed,
100
319560
2416
kuwa kibiashara,kubinafsishwa au kufungwa,
05:34
and they became
less of a burden on government.
less of a burden on government.
101
322000
3200
na kupunguza mzigo mkubwa
kwa serikali.
kwa serikali.
05:38
The fourth thing
was a very interesting thing.
was a very interesting thing.
102
326080
2400
Kitu cha nne kilikuwa
kitu cha kuvutia sana
kitu cha kuvutia sana
05:41
The telecoms revolution came,
103
329200
2296
Mapinduzi ya makampuni ya simu yakaja,
05:43
and African countries jumped on it.
104
331520
2576
na nchi za Kiafrika zikarukia.
05:46
In 2000, we had 11 million phone lines.
105
334120
2616
Mwaka 2000, laini za simu zilikuwa
milioni 11
milioni 11
05:48
Today, we have about 687 million
mobile lines on the continent.
mobile lines on the continent.
106
336760
5336
Leo, tuna takriban laini milioni 687
za simu za mkononi barani.
za simu za mkononi barani.
05:54
And this has enabled us
107
342120
1816
Na hi imetuwezesha
05:55
to go, move forward
with some mobile technology
with some mobile technology
108
343960
2656
kwenda na kusonga mbele
na teknolojia ya simu za mkononi
na teknolojia ya simu za mkononi
05:58
where Africa is actually leading.
109
346640
2616
ambapo Afrika hakika inaongoza.
06:01
In Kenya, the development
of mobile money --
of mobile money --
110
349280
2536
Nchini Kenya, maendeleo ya kutuma
fedha kwa simu
fedha kwa simu
06:03
M-Pesa, which all of you
have heard about --
have heard about --
111
351840
2776
M-Pesa, ambayo nyote
mmesikia habari zake--
mmesikia habari zake--
06:06
it took some time for the world
to notice that Africa was ahead
to notice that Africa was ahead
112
354640
3456
ilichukua muda kwa dunia
kuona kwamba Afrika ipo mbele
kuona kwamba Afrika ipo mbele
06:10
in this particular technology.
113
358120
1536
katika hii teknolojia.
06:11
And this mobile money
is also providing a platform
is also providing a platform
114
359680
3216
na hii kutuma pesa kwa simu za mkononi
pia inatoa jukwaa
pia inatoa jukwaa
06:14
for access to alternative energy.
115
362920
2456
kwa upatikanaji wa nishati mbadala
06:17
You know, people who can now pay for solar
116
365400
3496
Unajua, watu wanaoweza sasa kulipia sola
06:20
the same way they pay
for cards for their telephone.
for cards for their telephone.
117
368920
4216
kwa njia wanayotumia kulipia
kwa kadi kwenye simu zao.
kwa kadi kwenye simu zao.
06:25
So this was a very good development,
something that went right.
something that went right.
118
373160
4520
Hivyo haya yalikuwa maendeleo mazuri sana
kitu ambacho kilikwenda sahihi.
kitu ambacho kilikwenda sahihi.
06:30
We also invested more
in education and health, not enough,
in education and health, not enough,
119
378240
4496
Tuliwekeza zaidi kwenye elimu
na afya, isivyo vyakutosha,
na afya, isivyo vyakutosha,
06:34
but there were some improvements.
120
382760
1656
lakini kulikuwa na maboresho.
06:36
250 million children were immunized
in the last one and a half decades.
in the last one and a half decades.
121
384440
5520
Watoto milioni 25 walipata chanjo
katika muogo mmoja nanusu uliopita.
katika muogo mmoja nanusu uliopita.
06:42
The other thing was
that conflicts decreased.
that conflicts decreased.
122
390520
3376
Kitu kingine ilikuwa
kwamba migogoro ilipungua.
kwamba migogoro ilipungua.
06:45
There were many conflicts
on the continent.
on the continent.
123
393920
2056
Kulikuwa na migogoro mingi
barani.
barani.
06:48
Many of you are aware of that.
124
396000
1456
Wengi wenu mnafahamu hilo.
06:49
But they came down, and our leaders
even managed to dampen some coups.
even managed to dampen some coups.
125
397480
4816
Lakini ilipungua, na viongozi wetu
waliweza hata kufifiza mapinduzi.
waliweza hata kufifiza mapinduzi.
06:54
New types of conflicts have emerged,
and I'll refer to those later.
and I'll refer to those later.
126
402320
4056
Aina mpya ya migogoro imeibuka,
na nitaielezea hiyo baadaye.
na nitaielezea hiyo baadaye.
06:58
So based on all this, there's also
some differentiation on the continent
some differentiation on the continent
127
406400
3616
Hivyo kutokana na yote haya, pia
kuna baadhi ya utofautishaji barani
kuna baadhi ya utofautishaji barani
07:02
that I want you to know about,
128
410040
1456
ambao nataka muufahamu,
07:03
because even as
the doom and gloom is here,
the doom and gloom is here,
129
411520
2496
kwasababu pamoja na kuwa
07:06
there are some countries --
Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Ethiopia,
Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Ethiopia,
130
414040
3976
kuna baadhi ya nchi--
Cote d'Ivoire, Kenya, Ethiopia
Cote d'Ivoire, Kenya, Ethiopia
07:10
Tanzania and Senegal are performing
relatively well at the moment.
relatively well at the moment.
131
418040
4280
Tanzania na Senegal
zinafanya vizuri kwa sasa
zinafanya vizuri kwa sasa
07:15
But what did we do wrong?
132
423120
2136
Lakini tulikosea wapi?
07:17
Let me mention eight things.
133
425280
1376
Ngoja nitaje mambo nane.
07:18
You have to have
more things wrong than right.
more things wrong than right.
134
426680
2176
Unapaswa kuwa umekosea zaidi
kuliko kupatia.
kuliko kupatia.
07:20
(Laughter)
135
428880
1456
(Kicheko)
07:22
So there are eight things we did wrong.
136
430360
2376
Hivyo kuna mambo nane tulikosea.
07:24
The first was that even though we grew,
we didn't create enough jobs.
we didn't create enough jobs.
137
432760
3520
La kwanza ilikuwa pamoja na kukua
hatukutengeneza ajira za kutosha.
hatukutengeneza ajira za kutosha.
07:28
We didn't create jobs for our youth.
138
436800
1896
Hatukutengeneza ajira kwa vijana wetu.
07:30
Youth unemployment on the continent
is about 15 percent,
is about 15 percent,
139
438720
2936
Ukosefu wa ajira kwa vijana barani
ni karibia asilimia 15,
ni karibia asilimia 15,
07:33
and underemployment is a serious problem.
140
441680
3040
na upungufu wa ajira ni tatizo kubwa.
07:37
The second thing that we did is that
the quality of growth was not good enough.
the quality of growth was not good enough.
141
445400
5536
Jambo la pili tulichofanya ni kuwa kiwango
cha ukuaji hakikuwa kizuri vyakutosha
cha ukuaji hakikuwa kizuri vyakutosha
07:42
Even those jobs we created
were low-productivity jobs,
were low-productivity jobs,
142
450960
3536
Hata ajira zilizoundwa
zilikuwa ni ajira zenye tija ndogo sana,
zilikuwa ni ajira zenye tija ndogo sana,
07:46
so we moved people
from low-productivity agriculture
from low-productivity agriculture
143
454520
3496
hivyo tulihamisha watu
kutoka kilimo duni kisicho na tija
kutoka kilimo duni kisicho na tija
07:50
to low-productivity commerce
and working in the informal sector
and working in the informal sector
144
458040
3936
kwenda biashara zisizo na tija
na kufanyia kazi sekta isiyo rasmi
na kufanyia kazi sekta isiyo rasmi
07:54
in the urban areas.
145
462000
1720
katika maeneo ya mijini.
07:56
The third thing
is that inequality increased.
is that inequality increased.
146
464240
3800
Jambo la tatu ni kwamba
kukosekana kwa usawa kuliongezeka.
kukosekana kwa usawa kuliongezeka.
08:00
So we created more billionaires.
147
468600
4976
Hivyo tuliunda mabilionea zaidi.
08:05
50 billionaires worth 96 billion dollars
148
473600
2696
mabilionea 50 wenye thamani ya dola
bilioni 96
bilioni 96
08:08
own more wealth than the bottom
75 million people on the continent.
75 million people on the continent.
149
476320
4840
wanamiliki utajiri zaidi kuliko watu
milioni 75 wa chini barani.
milioni 75 wa chini barani.
08:13
Poverty,
150
481920
1576
Umaskini,
08:15
the proportion of people in poverty --
that's the fourth thing -- did decrease,
that's the fourth thing -- did decrease,
151
483520
4376
uwiano wa watu katika umaskini--
hilo ni jambo la nne--ulipungua
hilo ni jambo la nne--ulipungua
08:19
but the absolute numbers did not
because of population growth.
because of population growth.
152
487920
4096
lakini namba halisi hazikupungua
kwasababu ya ongezeko la idadi ya watu.
kwasababu ya ongezeko la idadi ya watu.
08:24
And population growth is something
153
492040
2576
Na ongezeko la idadi ya watu ni jambo
08:26
that we don't have enough
of a dialogue about on the continent.
of a dialogue about on the continent.
154
494640
3416
ambalo hatujafanyia
mazungumzo ya kutosha barani.
mazungumzo ya kutosha barani.
08:30
And I think we will need
to get a handle on it,
to get a handle on it,
155
498080
3136
Na ninafikiri tutahitaji
kulielewa na kulifanyia kazi
kulielewa na kulifanyia kazi
08:33
particularly how we educate girls.
156
501240
3256
haswa jinsi ya kuelimisha wasichana.
08:36
That is the road to really working
on this particular issue.
on this particular issue.
157
504520
4640
Hiyo ndio njia haswa kufanyia kazi
hasusan kwenye suala hili.
hasusan kwenye suala hili.
08:41
The fifth thing is that we didn't invest
enough in infrastructure.
enough in infrastructure.
158
509880
6816
Jambo la tano ni kwamba hatukuwekeza
vya kutosha kwenye miundombinu.
vya kutosha kwenye miundombinu.
08:48
We had investment from the Chinese.
159
516720
2096
Tulikuwa na uwekezaji kutoka kwa Wachina.
08:50
That helped some countries,
but it's not enough.
but it's not enough.
160
518840
3216
Ambao ulisaidia baadhi ya nchi,
lakini haitoshi.
lakini haitoshi.
08:54
The consumption of electricity
in Africa on the continent
in Africa on the continent
161
522080
3336
Utumiaji wa umeme
barani Afrika
barani Afrika
08:57
in Sub-Saharan Africa
is equivalent to Spain.
is equivalent to Spain.
162
525440
3576
Kusini mwa jangwa la Sahara Afrika
ni sawasawa na Hispania.
ni sawasawa na Hispania.
09:01
The total consumption
is equivalent to that of Spain.
is equivalent to that of Spain.
163
529040
3456
Utumiaji kwa ujumla
ni sawasawa na ule wa Hispania
ni sawasawa na ule wa Hispania
09:04
So many people are living in the dark,
164
532520
2656
Hivyo watu wengi wanaishi gizani,
09:07
and as the President of the African
Development Bank said recently,
Development Bank said recently,
165
535200
3576
na kama Rais wa Benki ya Maendeleo
Afrika alivyosema hivi karibuni,
Afrika alivyosema hivi karibuni,
09:10
Africa cannot develop in the dark.
166
538800
2280
Afrika haiwezi kuendelea gizani.
09:14
The other thing we have not done
167
542120
2136
Kitu kingine ambacho hatujafanya
09:16
is that our economies
retain the same structure
retain the same structure
168
544280
5416
ni kwamba chumi zetu
zimeshikilia muundo uliofanana
zimeshikilia muundo uliofanana
09:21
that we've had for decades.
169
549720
1616
ambao tumekuwa nao kwa miongo.
09:23
So even though we've been growing,
170
551360
1656
Hivyo pamoja na kwamba tumekua
09:25
the structure of the economies
has not changed very much.
has not changed very much.
171
553040
2696
muundo wa chumi zetu
haujabadilika kwa kiasi kikubwa.
haujabadilika kwa kiasi kikubwa.
09:27
We are still exporting commodities,
172
555760
2576
Bado tunauza bidhaa nchi za nje
09:30
and exporting commodities is what?
It's exporting jobs.
It's exporting jobs.
173
558360
3856
na kuuza bidhaa nchi za nje ni nini?
kuuza ajira nchi za nje.
kuuza ajira nchi za nje.
09:34
Our manufacturing value-added
is only 11 percent.
is only 11 percent.
174
562240
3296
Ongezeko la thamani ya uzalishaji wetu
ni asilimia 11 tu
ni asilimia 11 tu
09:37
We are not creating enough
decent manufacturing jobs for our youth,
decent manufacturing jobs for our youth,
175
565560
4536
Hatuundi ajira za kutosha kwenye
uzalishaji kwa vijana wetu,
uzalishaji kwa vijana wetu,
09:42
and trade among ourselves is low.
176
570120
2616
na biashara kati yetu ni kidogo.
09:44
Only about 12 percent of our trade
is among ourselves.
is among ourselves.
177
572760
3496
Takriban asilimi 12 tu ya biashara
kati yetu sisi wenyewe
kati yetu sisi wenyewe
09:48
So that's another serious problem.
178
576280
2696
Hivyo hilo ni tatizo lingine zito sana.
09:51
Then governance.
179
579000
2096
Kisha utawala bora.
09:53
Governance is a serious issue.
180
581120
2416
Utawala bora ni suala zito.
09:55
We have weak institutions,
181
583560
2216
Tuna taasisi dhaifu,
09:57
and sometimes nonexistent institutions,
and I think this gives way for corruption.
and I think this gives way for corruption.
182
585800
5016
na wakati mwingine taasisi hewa,
ninafikiri hii inaleta mwanya wa rushwa.
ninafikiri hii inaleta mwanya wa rushwa.
10:02
Corruption is an issue that we have not
yet gotten a good enough handle on,
yet gotten a good enough handle on,
183
590840
5216
Rushwa ni suala ambalo bado
hatujalimudu kiasi cha kutosha,
hatujalimudu kiasi cha kutosha,
10:08
and we have to fight tooth and nail,
184
596080
2616
na tunatakuwa kupambana kufa na kupona,
10:10
that and increased transparency
in the way we manage our economies
in the way we manage our economies
185
598720
3576
hiyo na ongezeko la uwazi katika
jinsi tunavyosimamia chumi zetu
jinsi tunavyosimamia chumi zetu
10:14
and the way we manage our finances.
186
602320
2456
na jinsi tunavyosimamia fedha zetu.
10:16
We also need to be wary of new conflicts,
187
604800
4736
Tunahitaji pia kujihadhari na migogoro
mipya,
mipya,
10:21
new types of conflicts,
188
609560
1936
aina mpya ya migogoro,
10:23
such as we have with Boko Haram
in my country, Nigeria,
in my country, Nigeria,
189
611520
3216
kama tuliyonayo na Boko Haram
katika nchi yangu, Nigeria,
katika nchi yangu, Nigeria,
10:26
and with Al-Shabaab in Kenya.
190
614760
2056
Na Al-Shabaab nchini Kenya.
10:28
We need to partner
with international partners,
with international partners,
191
616840
3336
Tunahitaji kushirikiana na
washiriki wa kimataifa,
washiriki wa kimataifa,
10:32
developed countries,
to fight this together.
to fight this together.
192
620200
2856
nchi zilizoendelea,
kupambana juu ya hili pamoja.
kupambana juu ya hili pamoja.
10:35
Otherwise, we create a new reality
193
623080
1896
Ama sivyo, tunaunda ukweli mpya
10:37
which is not the type
we want for a rising Africa.
we want for a rising Africa.
194
625000
3256
ambao sio aina tunayotaka
kwa Afrika inayokua.
kwa Afrika inayokua.
10:40
And finally, the issue of education.
195
628280
3536
Na mwisho, ni suala la elimu.
10:43
Our education systems
in many countries are broken.
in many countries are broken.
196
631840
3296
Mifumo yetu ya elimu
katika nchi nyingi imevunjika.
katika nchi nyingi imevunjika.
10:47
We are not creating the types of skills
needed for the future.
needed for the future.
197
635160
4536
Hatuundi aina ya stadi
zinazohitajika kwa siku za usoni
zinazohitajika kwa siku za usoni
10:51
So we have to find a way
to educate better.
to educate better.
198
639720
2640
Hivyo tunatakiwa tutafute njia
ya kutoa elimu kwa ubora.
ya kutoa elimu kwa ubora.
10:54
So those are the things
that we are not doing right.
that we are not doing right.
199
642920
2720
Hivyo hayo ni mambo ambayo
hatufanyi kwa usahihi.
hatufanyi kwa usahihi.
10:58
Now, where do we go from there?
200
646240
2400
Sasa, tunaenda wapi kutokea hapo?
11:01
I believe that the way forward
is to learn to manage success.
is to learn to manage success.
201
649240
4696
Ninaamini njia ya kusongambele
ni kujifunza kusimamia mafanikio.
ni kujifunza kusimamia mafanikio.
11:05
Very often, when people succeed
or countries succeed,
or countries succeed,
202
653960
3736
Mara nyingi, watu wanapofanikiwa
au nchi zinapofanikiwa
au nchi zinapofanikiwa
11:09
they forget what made them succeed.
203
657720
2200
husahau kullichowafanya wafanikiwe.
11:12
Learning what you're successful at,
204
660680
2536
Kujifunza kile unachoweza kufanikiwa,
11:15
managing it and keeping it
is vital for us.
is vital for us.
205
663240
2416
kukisimamia na kukitunza
ni jambo muhimu kwetu.
ni jambo muhimu kwetu.
11:17
So all those things I said we did right,
206
665680
2216
Hivyo vitu vyote nilivyosema
tulifanya sahihi,
tulifanya sahihi,
11:19
we have to learn to do it right again,
keep doing it right.
keep doing it right.
207
667920
3896
tunatakiwa kujifunza kuvifanya kwa usahihi
tena, na kuviendeleza.
tena, na kuviendeleza.
11:23
Managing the economy well,
creating stability is vital,
creating stability is vital,
208
671840
3576
Kusimamia uchumi wakati
unaunda ustawi ni muhimu,
unaunda ustawi ni muhimu,
11:27
getting prices right,
and policy consistency.
and policy consistency.
209
675440
3496
kupata bei sahihi
na sera thabiti.
na sera thabiti.
11:30
Very often, we are not consistent.
210
678960
2376
Mara nyingi hatuna uthabiti
11:33
One regime goes out, another comes in
211
681360
2256
Mfumo wa utawala mmoja ukitoka
unaingia mwingine
unaingia mwingine
11:35
and they throw away even the functioning
policies that were there before.
policies that were there before.
212
683640
3456
na wanatupa mbali hata sera zilizokuwa
zinafanyakazi vizuri awali
zinafanyakazi vizuri awali
11:39
What does this do?
213
687120
1256
Hii inafanya nini?
11:40
It creates uncertainty
for people, for households,
for people, for households,
214
688400
2376
Inaleta sintofahamu kwa watu,
kaya
kaya
11:42
uncertainties for business.
215
690800
1376
sintofahamu kwa biashara
11:44
They don't know whether and how to invest.
216
692200
2696
Hawajui jinsi na wakati wa kuwekeza.
11:46
Debt: we must manage
the success we had in reducing our debt,
the success we had in reducing our debt,
217
694920
4336
Deni: tunatakiwa tusimamie' mafanikio
tuliyopata katika kupunguza deni letu,
tuliyopata katika kupunguza deni letu,
11:51
but now countries
are back to borrowing again,
are back to borrowing again,
218
699280
2536
lakini sasa nchi zimerudia
katika kukopa tena,
katika kukopa tena,
11:53
and we see our debt-to-GDP ratio
beginning to creep up,
beginning to creep up,
219
701840
3416
na tumeona urari wa deni kwa Pato la taifa
unaanza kupanda tena,
unaanza kupanda tena,
11:57
and in certain countries,
220
705280
1456
na katika baadhi ya nchi,
11:58
debt is becoming a problem,
so we have to avoid that.
so we have to avoid that.
221
706760
2496
deni linakuwa ni tatizo,
hivyo tunatakiwa tuliepuke.
hivyo tunatakiwa tuliepuke.
12:01
So managing success.
222
709280
1456
Hivyo usimamizi wa mafanikio
12:02
The next thing
is focusing with a laser beam
is focusing with a laser beam
223
710760
2656
Kinachofuata
ni kuwa makini sana
ni kuwa makini sana
12:05
on those things we did not do well.
224
713440
1856
na yale mambo ambayo
hatukufanya vizuri.
hatukufanya vizuri.
12:07
First and foremost is infrastructure.
225
715320
1856
Kitu cha kwanza kabisa ni miundombinu
12:09
Yes, most countries now recognize
they have to invest in this,
they have to invest in this,
226
717200
3576
Ndio, nchi nyingi sasa zinatambua
zinahitaji kuwekeza kwenye hili,
zinahitaji kuwekeza kwenye hili,
12:12
and they are trying to do
the best they can to do that.
the best they can to do that.
227
720800
2616
na zinajaribu kufanya
kadiri ziwezavyo kufanya hivyo.
kadiri ziwezavyo kufanya hivyo.
12:15
We must.
228
723440
1216
Lazima.
12:16
The most important thing is power.
229
724680
1656
Kitu muhimu sana ni umeme.
12:18
You cannot develop in the dark.
230
726360
2256
Huwezi kuendelea katika giza.
12:20
And then governance and corruption:
231
728640
2256
Na kisha utawala bora na rushwa:
12:22
we have to fight.
232
730920
1216
tunatakiwa tupambane.
12:24
We have to make our countries transparent.
233
732160
2776
Tunatakiwa kuendesha nchi zetu kwa uwazi.
12:26
And above all, we have to
engage our young people.
engage our young people.
234
734960
3576
Pamoja na yote hayo, lazima
tuwashirikishe vijana.
tuwashirikishe vijana.
12:30
We have genius in our young people.
235
738560
2216
Tuna ubunifu katika vijana wetu
12:32
I see it every day.
236
740800
1256
Ninauona kila siku.
12:34
It's what makes me wake up
in the morning and feel ready to go.
in the morning and feel ready to go.
237
742080
3536
Ndio kinachoniamsha asubuhi
na kujisikia tayari kwenda.
na kujisikia tayari kwenda.
12:37
We have to unleash
the genius of our young people,
the genius of our young people,
238
745640
2376
Tunatakiwa tusibanie ubunifu
katika vijana wetu,
katika vijana wetu,
12:40
get out of their way,
support them to create and innovate
support them to create and innovate
239
748040
3256
tusiwazibie njia,
tuwaunge mkono kuunda na ugunduzi
tuwaunge mkono kuunda na ugunduzi
12:43
and lead the way.
240
751320
1216
na kuongoza njia.
12:44
And I know that they will lead us
in the right direction.
in the right direction.
241
752560
2696
Na ninajua kwamba watatuongoza
katika mwelekeo sahihi.
katika mwelekeo sahihi.
12:47
And our women, and our girls:
242
755280
2176
Na wanawake wetu, na wasichana wetu:
12:49
we have to recognize
that girls and women are a gift.
that girls and women are a gift.
243
757480
3056
tunatakiwa tutambue kwamba
wanawake na wasichana ni zawadi.
wanawake na wasichana ni zawadi.
12:52
They have strength,
244
760560
1496
Wana nguvu,
12:54
and we have to unleash that strength
245
762080
2136
na tunatakiwa tusiwabanie hiyo nguvu
12:56
so that they can
contribute to the continent.
contribute to the continent.
246
764240
2936
ili waweze kutoa mchango
wao barani.
wao barani.
12:59
I strongly believe
that when we do all of these things,
that when we do all of these things,
247
767200
3816
Nina amini kwa nguvu
kwamba tukifanya hayo yote,
kwamba tukifanya hayo yote,
13:03
we find that the rising Africa narrative
248
771040
3216
tutakuta kwamba simulizi za Afrika
inayokua
inayokua
13:06
is not a fluke.
249
774280
1576
sio ubabaishaji.
13:07
It's a trend.
250
775880
1240
ni harakati.
13:09
It's a trend, and if we continue,
if we unleash our youth,
if we unleash our youth,
251
777720
3816
Ni harakati, na tukiendelea,
tusipowabania vijana wetu,
tusipowabania vijana wetu,
13:13
if we unleash our women,
252
781560
1336
tusipowabania wanawake wetu,
13:14
we may step backwards sometimes,
253
782920
2016
wakati mwingine tunaweza kurudi nyuma,
13:16
we may even step sideways,
254
784960
1896
tunaweza pia kukaa pembezoni,
13:18
but the trend is clear.
255
786880
1616
lakini harakati ziko wazi.
13:20
Africa will continue to rise.
256
788520
2016
Afrika itaendelea kukua.
13:22
And I tell you businesspeople
in the audience,
in the audience,
257
790560
3736
Na ninawaambia wafanyabiashara
mliopo kwenye hadhira hii,
mliopo kwenye hadhira hii,
13:26
investment in Africa is not for today,
is not for tomorrow,
is not for tomorrow,
258
794320
3456
uwekezaji Afrika sio kwa ajili ya leo,
sio kwa ajili ya kesho,
sio kwa ajili ya kesho,
13:29
it's not a short-term thing,
it's a longer term thing.
it's a longer term thing.
259
797800
3256
sio kitu cha muda mfupi,
ni kitu cha muda mrefu.
ni kitu cha muda mrefu.
13:33
But if you are not invested in Africa,
260
801080
2416
Lakini ikiwa hamtawekeza Afrika,
13:35
then you will be missing
261
803520
1416
basi mtakuwa mnakosa
13:36
one of the most important
emerging opportunities in the world.
emerging opportunities in the world.
262
804960
4256
mojawapo ya fursa zinazoibuka
duniani.
duniani.
13:41
Thank you.
263
809240
1216
Asante.
13:42
(Applause)
264
810480
2520
(Makofi)
13:51
Kelly Stoetzel: So you mentioned
corruption in your talk,
corruption in your talk,
265
819227
2669
Kelly Stoetzel: Umegusia rushwa
katika mazungumzo yako
katika mazungumzo yako
13:53
and you're known, well-known
as a strong anticorruption fighter.
as a strong anticorruption fighter.
266
821920
3496
na unafahamika vizuri
kuwa mpambanaji thabiti wa rushwa.
kuwa mpambanaji thabiti wa rushwa.
13:57
But that's had consequences.
267
825440
2536
Lakini hiyo ilikuwa na matokeo yake.
14:00
People have fought back,
and your mother was kidnapped.
and your mother was kidnapped.
268
828000
2936
Watu walijibu mashambulizi,
na mama yako alitekwa nyara.
na mama yako alitekwa nyara.
14:02
How have you been handling this?
269
830960
1560
Umewezaje kulimudu hili?
14:05
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala:
It's been very difficult.
It's been very difficult.
270
833280
2176
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala:
Imekuwa ngumu sana.
Imekuwa ngumu sana.
14:07
Thank you for mentioning
the issue of the kidnap of my mother.
the issue of the kidnap of my mother.
271
835480
4336
Asante kwa kugusia
suala la kutekwa nyara mama yangu
suala la kutekwa nyara mama yangu
14:11
It's a very difficult subject.
272
839840
2576
Ni mada ngumu sana.
14:14
But what it means
is that when you fight corruption,
is that when you fight corruption,
273
842440
3856
Lakini inachomaanisha
ni kwamba unapopambana na rushwa,
ni kwamba unapopambana na rushwa,
14:18
when you touch the pockets
of people who are stealing money,
of people who are stealing money,
274
846320
3416
unapogusa mifuko ya watu
wanaoiba pesa,
wanaoiba pesa,
14:21
they don't just keep quiet.
275
849760
1856
hawanyamazi kimya tu.
14:23
They fight back, and the issue for you
is when they try to intimidate you,
is when they try to intimidate you,
276
851640
3656
Watajibu mashambulizi, na suala kubwa
ni wanapojaribu kutumia vitisho
ni wanapojaribu kutumia vitisho
14:27
do you give up, or do you fight on?
277
855320
3456
unakata tamaa, au unaendeleza mapambano?
14:30
Do you find a way
to stay on and fight back?
to stay on and fight back?
278
858800
3136
Unatafuta njia ya kubakia
na kujibu mashambulizi?
na kujibu mashambulizi?
14:33
And the answer that I had
with the teams I worked with
with the teams I worked with
279
861960
4256
Na jibu nililokuwa nalo
nikiwa na timu zilizofanya nazo kazi
nikiwa na timu zilizofanya nazo kazi
14:38
is we have to fight on.
280
866240
1776
ni kuendeleza mapambano
14:40
We have to create those institutions.
281
868040
1816
Tunatakiwa kuunda hizo taasisi.
14:41
We have to find ways to stop these people
282
869880
3216
Tunatakiwa kutafuta njia ya kuwazuia
hawa watu
hawa watu
14:45
from taking away
the heritage of the future.
the heritage of the future.
283
873120
3176
waache kuchukua urithi
wa baadaye.
wa baadaye.
14:48
And so that's what we did.
284
876320
1896
Na hicho ndicho tulichofanya.
14:50
And even out of government,
we continued to make that point.
we continued to make that point.
285
878240
3616
Na hata nje ya serikali,
tuliendelea kuweka msisitizo.
tuliendelea kuweka msisitizo.
14:53
In our countries, nobody,
nobody is going to fight corruption
nobody is going to fight corruption
286
881880
3976
Katika nchi zetu, hakuna,
hakuna atakaye pambana na rushwa
hakuna atakaye pambana na rushwa
14:57
for us but us.
287
885880
1536
isipokuwa sisi wenyewe.
14:59
And therefore,
that comes with consequences,
that comes with consequences,
288
887440
2216
kwa hiyo,
hilo linakuja na matokeo,
hilo linakuja na matokeo,
15:01
and we just have to do the best we can.
289
889680
1896
na tunatakiwa kufanya kadiri tuwezavyo.
15:03
But I thank you and thank TED
for giving us a voice
for giving us a voice
290
891600
3416
Lakini nakushukuru na kuwashukuru TED
kutupa sauti
kutupa sauti
15:07
to say to those people, you will not win,
291
895040
3296
kuwaambia hao watu, hamtashinda,
15:10
and we will not be intimidated.
292
898360
2336
na hatutatishika
15:12
Thank you.
293
900720
1216
Asante.
15:13
(Applause)
294
901960
1216
(Makofi)
15:15
Kelly Stoetzel: Thank you so much
for your great talk and important work.
for your great talk and important work.
295
903200
3466
Kelly Stoetzel: Asante sana
kwa mazungumzo yako mazuri na kazi muhimu.
kwa mazungumzo yako mazuri na kazi muhimu.
15:18
(Applause)
296
906690
3370
(Makofi)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala - EconomistNgozi Okonjo-Iweala is a respected global economist.
Why you should listen
Okonjo-Iweala was the Finance Minister of Nigeria, Africa’s largest economy, from 2003 to 2006, and then briefly the country’s Foreign Affairs Minister, the first woman to hold either position. From 2011 to 2015 she was again named Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister for the Economy of Nigeria. Between those terms, from 2007 to 2011, she was one of the managing director of the World Bank and a candidate to the organization’s presidency. She is now a senior advisor at financial advisory and asset management firm Lazard, and she chairs the Board of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization. At the World Bank, she worked for change in Africa and assistance for low-income countries. As Finance Minister, she attacked corruption to make Nigeria more transparent and desirable for investment and jobs, an activism that attracted criticism from circles opposed to reform.
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala | Speaker | TED.com