ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrew Stanton - Filmmaker
Andrew Stanton has made you laugh and cry. The writer behind the three "Toy Story" movies and the writer/director of "WALL-E," he releases his new film, "John Carter," in March.

Why you should listen

Andrew Stanton wrote the first film produced entirely on a computer, Toy Story. But what made that film a classic wasn't the history-making graphic technology -- it's the story, the heart, the characters that children around the world instantly accepted into their own lives. Stanton wrote all three Toy Story movies at Pixar Animation Studios, where he was hired in 1990 as the second animator on staff. He has two Oscars, as the writer-director of Finding Nemo and WALL-E. And as Edgar Rice Burroughs nerds, we're breathlessly awaiting the March opening of his fantasy-adventure movie John Carter.

More profile about the speaker
Andrew Stanton | Speaker | TED.com
TED2012

Andrew Stanton: The clues to a great story

安德鲁·斯坦顿:一个伟大故事的线索

Filmed:
4,201,482 views

电影制作人安德鲁·斯坦顿(“玩具总动员”,“机器人总动员”)分享了他关于如何讲故事的见解--怎么从结尾入手回溯到故事的开始(包括图形语言...)
- Filmmaker
Andrew Stanton has made you laugh and cry. The writer behind the three "Toy Story" movies and the writer/director of "WALL-E," he releases his new film, "John Carter," in March. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
A tourist游客 is backpacking背包
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一个背包客徒步
00:17
through通过 the highlands高地 of Scotland苏格兰,
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穿过苏格兰高地
00:19
and he stops停止 at a pub酒馆 to get a drink.
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他进了一个酒馆准备喝一杯
00:21
And the only people in there is a bartender酒保
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酒馆里面只有一位侍者
00:23
and an old man nursing看护 a beer啤酒.
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和一个揣着啤酒暗自神伤的老人
00:25
And he orders命令 a pint品脱, and they sit in silence安静 for a while.
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他要了一品托酒,然后和大家各自安静喝着酒
00:27
And suddenly突然 the old man turns to him and goes,
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突然,老人朝着他走过来
00:29
"You see this bar酒吧?
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“看见这间酒吧了没有?
00:31
I built内置 this bar酒吧 with my bare hands
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我就凭着这双手,用郡里
00:33
from the finest最好的 wood in the county.
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最好的木材建造了它
00:35
Gave it more love and care关心 than my own拥有 child儿童.
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对它的关爱甚至超过了对自己的孩子
00:38
But do they call me MacGregor麦格雷戈 the bar酒吧 builder建设者? No."
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但是他们称我酒吧建筑师麦格雷戈了吗?并没有。”
00:41
Points out the window窗口.
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又指着窗户说
00:43
"You see that stone wall out there?
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“你看见那边的石头墙了吗?
00:45
I built内置 that stone wall with my bare hands.
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我就凭这双手砌了这面墙
00:48
Found发现 every一切 stone, placed放置 them just so through通过 the rain and the cold.
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亲手挑选每一块石头,不论下雨还是严寒把它们堆砌起来
00:51
But do they call me MacGregor麦格雷戈 the stone wall builder建设者? No."
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但是他们称我为石墙建筑师麦格雷戈了吗?也没有。”
00:54
Points out the window窗口.
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指着另一边的窗口
00:56
"You see that pier码头 on the lake out there?
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“你看见那边湖上的码头了吗?
00:58
I built内置 that pier码头 with my bare hands.
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我就凭这双手造了那个码头
01:00
Drove开车 the pilings against反对 the tide浪潮 of the sand, plank by plank.
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一块一块载着木桩,划过沙地,风雨无阻
01:04
But do they call me MacGregor麦格雷戈 the pier码头 builder建设者? No.
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他们称我码头建筑师麦格雷戈了吗?没有。
01:08
But you fuck他妈的 one goat山羊 ... "
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但倘若你上了一头山羊…”(即goatfucker,美国俚语,指一个尽管做了很多好事,但由于一件坏事得到了坏名声的人.)
01:11
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:22
Storytelling评书 --
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讲故事-
01:24
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:26
is joke玩笑 telling告诉.
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就像讲笑话
01:29
It's knowing会心 your punchline妙处,
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要明确点睛之笔
01:31
your ending结尾,
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也就是结局
01:33
knowing会心 that everything you're saying, from the first sentence句子 to the last,
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要明确,你所说的一切,从第一句到最后一句
01:36
is leading领导 to a singular单数 goal目标,
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都引导着一个唯一的目标
01:38
and ideally理想 confirming确认 some truth真相
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同时完美证实一些事实
01:41
that deepens加深 our understandings理解
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即加深我们对于
01:43
of who we are as human人的 beings众生.
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我们为何而存在
01:46
We all love stories故事.
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我们都爱故事
01:48
We're born天生 for them.
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与生俱来
01:50
Stories故事 affirm确认 who we are.
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故事决定了我们是谁
01:52
We all want affirmations肯定 that our lives生活 have meaning含义.
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我们都想得到那样的肯定,即我们的生命是有意义的
01:54
And nothing does a greater更大 affirmation肯定
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当我们通过故事联系到一起的时候
01:56
than when we connect through通过 stories故事.
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没什么比这个更好了
01:58
It can cross交叉 the barriers障碍 of time,
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它可以跨越时间的障碍
02:00
past过去, present当下 and future未来,
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过去,现在和未来
02:02
and allow允许 us to experience经验
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允许我们去体验
02:04
the similarities相似之处 between之间 ourselves我们自己
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我们自己和其他人,真实与虚幻之间
02:06
and through通过 others其他, real真实 and imagined想象.
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的各种相似点
02:09
The children's儿童 television电视 host主办 Mr先生. Rogers罗杰斯
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儿童电视节目主持人罗杰斯先生
02:12
always carried携带的 in his wallet钱包
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总是在他的皮夹中放着
02:14
a quote引用 from a social社会 worker工人
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一位社会工作者的箴言
02:17
that said, "Frankly坦率地说, there isn't anyone任何人 you couldn't不能 learn学习 to love
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“坦白的说,任何人都值得去爱,
02:20
once一旦 you've heard听说 their story故事."
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一旦你听过了他们的故事”
02:22
And the way I like to interpret that
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就我自己更想表达的方式
02:24
is probably大概 the greatest最大 story故事 commandment诫命,
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这也许是最有力的讲故事的诫言
02:29
which哪一个 is "Make me care关心" --
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“让我在乎”——
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please, emotionally感情上,
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从情感上
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intellectually知性上, aesthetically美学,
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理性上,美学的角度上
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just make me care关心.
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令我牵挂
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We all know what it's like to not care关心.
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我们都清楚,什么是毫不在乎
02:40
You've gone走了 through通过 hundreds数以百计 of TV电视 channels渠道,
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你看过数以百计的电视节目
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just switching交换 channel渠道 after channel渠道,
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在台与台之间不停切换着
02:45
and then suddenly突然 you actually其实 stop on one.
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突然你会停在某个台上
02:47
It's already已经 halfway over,
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它已经播到了一半
02:49
but something's什么是 caught抓住 you and you're drawn in and you care关心.
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即便如此,你被某些东西吸引住了,而且你在乎这东西
02:52
That's not by chance机会,
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这并不是偶然的
02:54
that's by design设计.
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而是设计好的
02:56
So it got me thinking思维, what if I told you my history历史 was story故事,
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于是,这就让我思考,如果我告诉你我的人生是个故事
03:00
how I was born天生 for it,
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我是如何为其而生的
03:02
how I learned学到了 along沿 the way this subject学科 matter?
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我是如何沿着这个主题的方式学习的
03:05
And to make it more interesting有趣,
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然后让它变得更有趣的
03:07
we'll start开始 from the ending结尾
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我们从结尾讲起
03:09
and we'll go to the beginning开始.
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然后回溯到开始
03:11
And so if I were going to give you the ending结尾 of this story故事,
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如果我把故事的结尾告诉你
03:14
it would go something like this:
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就会出现这样的情况:
03:16
And that's what ultimately最终 led me
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“这东西就是基本上启发我
03:18
to speaking请讲 to you here at TEDTED
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今天在TED上给你们讲的
03:20
about story故事.
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关于故事的演讲。”
03:23
And the most current当前 story故事 lesson that I've had
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我最近的一个关于讲故事的课程
03:26
was completing完成 the film电影 I've just doneDONE
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是关于一部我刚在2012年
03:28
this year in 2012.
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完成的电影
03:30
The film电影 is "John约翰 Carter卡特." It's based基于 on a book called "The Princess公主 of Mars火星,"
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叫做“异星战场:约翰·卡特传奇”,改编自“火星公主”这本书
03:33
which哪一个 was written书面 by Edgar埃德加 Rice白饭 Burroughs巴勒斯.
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其作者是埃德加·赖斯·巴勒斯
03:35
And Edgar埃德加 Rice白饭 Burroughs巴勒斯 actually其实 put himself他自己
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同时埃德加·赖斯·巴勒斯自己
03:38
as a character字符 inside this movie电影, and as the narrator叙述者.
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也参与到了这部电影中,出任旁白
03:41
And he's summoned传唤 by his rich丰富 uncle叔叔, John约翰 Carter卡特, to his mansion大厦
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他收到他富有的叔叔约翰·卡特的电报,要他马上到
03:44
with a telegram电报 saying, "See me at once一旦."
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他的豪宅里会面,电报写着 “欲见从速”
03:46
But once一旦 he gets得到 there,
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当他到了那里
03:48
he's found发现 out that his uncle叔叔 has mysteriously神秘 passed通过 away
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却发现他的叔叔却离奇死亡了
03:52
and been entombed埋葬 in a mausoleum on the property属性.
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而且已经被埋葬在墓地里
03:56
(Video视频) Butler男管家: You won't惯于 find a keyhole锁孔.
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(视频)巴特勒:你不可能找到钥匙孔
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Thing only opens打开 from the inside.
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这东西只能从里面打开
04:01
He insisted坚持,
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他坚持
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no embalming防腐, no open打开 coffin棺材,
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没有防腐剂,没有打开的棺材
04:05
no funeral葬礼.
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没有葬礼
04:07
You don't acquire获得 the kind of wealth财富 your uncle叔叔 commanded指挥
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我们其他人就是无法理解
04:09
by being存在 like the rest休息 of us, huh?
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你叔叔有着这般财富的人的想法,是吧
04:12
Come, let's go inside.
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好了,我们回去吧
04:33
AS: What this scene现场 is doing, and it did in the book,
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这个场景在做的,也就是书里已经告诉我们的
04:35
is it's fundamentally从根本上 making制造 a promise诺言.
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这实际上是在许下一个承诺
04:37
It's making制造 a promise诺言 to you
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向大家作出承诺
04:39
that this story故事 will lead somewhere某处 that's worth价值 your time.
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这个故事的走向将对得起您的时间
04:41
And that's what all good stories故事 should do at the beginning开始, is they should give you a promise诺言.
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同时这是所有好的故事都应该在最开始做的,他们应该给观众们一个承诺
04:44
You could do it an infinite无穷 amount of ways方法.
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应该用各种方式完成这个承诺
04:46
Sometimes有时 it's as simple简单 as "Once一旦 upon a time ... "
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有的时候,也就是“从前有一个…”这么简单
04:50
These Carter卡特 books图书 always had Edgar埃德加 Rice白饭 Burroughs巴勒斯 as a narrator叙述者 in it.
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这些关于主人公卡特的书总是有作者巴勒斯的旁白
04:53
And I always thought it was such这样 a fantastic奇妙 device设备.
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我一向认为这是一个极其巧妙的技巧
04:55
It's like a guy inviting诱人的 you around the campfire营火,
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这就好像有人邀请你到篝火旁
04:58
or somebody in a bar酒吧 saying, "Here, let me tell you a story故事.
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或者某个酒吧里的人对你说,“来,让我给你讲个故事
05:01
It didn't happen发生 to me, it happened发生 to somebody else其他,
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这不是我的亲身经历,但真实的发生在别人的身上
05:03
but it's going to be worth价值 your time."
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而且绝不浪费你的时间”
05:05
A well told promise诺言
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一个完美的口述许诺
05:07
is like a pebble卵石 being存在 pulled back in a slingshot弹弓
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就好像弹弓的上的鹅卵石弹出的曲线
05:11
and propels推动 you forward前锋 through通过 the story故事
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不断地激起你的兴趣
05:13
to the end结束.
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由始至终
05:15
In 2008,
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在2008年,
05:17
I pushed all the theories理论 that I had on story故事 at the time
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我把所有在当时我知道的关于故事的理论和理解
05:20
to the limits范围 of my understanding理解 on this project项目.
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发挥到了极限并运用到了这个项目上
05:23
(Video视频) (Mechanical机械 Sounds声音)
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(视频)机械的声音
05:53
♫ And that is all ♫
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♫ 这就是 ♫
05:58
♫ that love's爱的 about ♫
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♫ 爱情的诠释 ♫
06:04
♫ And we'll recall召回
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♫我们将会回忆起 ♫
06:09
♫ when time runs运行 out ♫
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♫ 在年华逝去时♫
06:17
♫ That it only ♫
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♫ 这是唯一的 ♫
06:24
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
06:26
AS: Storytelling评书 without dialogue对话.
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没有对话的叙事
06:28
It's the purest最纯净的 form形成 of cinematic电影 storytelling评书.
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是电影中最单纯的讲故事的方式
06:30
It's the most inclusive包括的 approach途径 you can take.
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是你能采取的最包容的方式
06:33
It confirmed确认 something I really had a hunch直觉 on,
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它证明了某个我非常在乎的直觉
06:35
is that the audience听众
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那就是观众们
06:37
actually其实 wants to work for their meal膳食.
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其实更喜欢自己烹饪他们的饕餮盛宴
06:39
They just don't want to know that they're doing that.
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只不过他们不想知道自己亲自动手了
06:42
That's your job工作 as a storyteller说故事的人,
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这就是讲故事的人的任务
06:44
is to hide隐藏 the fact事实
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隐瞒这些事实
06:46
that you're making制造 them work for their meal膳食.
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你实际上在让他们亲自为他们的盛宴下厨
06:48
We're born天生 problem问题 solvers求解.
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我们生来就是个问题解决者
06:50
We're compelled被迫 to deduce推断
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我们总忍不住反复去推想
06:52
and to deduct扣除,
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去演绎
06:54
because that's what we do in real真实 life.
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因为这就是我们在现实生活中所做的事情
06:56
It's this well-organized四平八稳 absence缺席 of information信息
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正是这个设计好的信息缺漏
06:59
that draws us in.
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吸引了我们的注意力
07:01
There's a reason原因 that we're all attracted吸引 to an infant婴儿 or a puppy小狗.
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这就是为什么我们总是被婴儿或者小狗吸引住
07:04
It's not just that they're damn该死的 cute可爱;
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不是因为他们太可爱
07:06
it's because they can't completely全然 express表现
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而是因为他们完全无法表达
07:09
what they're thinking思维 and what their intentions意图 are.
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自己在想什么和他们的目的是什么
07:11
And it's like a magnet磁铁.
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像吸铁石一样吸引我们
07:13
We can't stop ourselves我们自己
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我们无法克制自己
07:15
from wanting希望 to complete完成 the sentence句子 and fill it in.
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去想方设法的把这些空白填满
07:17
I first started开始
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我第一次开始
07:19
really understanding理解 this storytelling评书 device设备
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确切的理解这个讲故事的技巧
07:21
when I was writing写作 with Bob短发 Peterson彼得森 on "Finding查找 Nemo尼莫."
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是我在和鲍勃·彼德森一起写“海底总动员”的时候
07:23
And we would call this the unifying统一 theory理论 of two plus two.
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我们称之为“2+2的统一定理”
07:26
Make the audience听众 put things together一起.
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让观众自己把东西拼起来
07:28
Don't give them four,
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不要给他们一个4
07:30
give them two plus two.
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而给他们2+2
07:32
The elements分子 you provide提供 and the order订购 you place地点 them in
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你们提供的元素和其排列顺序
07:35
is crucial关键 to whether是否 you succeed成功 or fail失败 at engaging the audience听众.
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对决定你是否成功的与观众互动是至关重要的
07:38
Editors编者 and screenwriters编剧 have known已知 this all along沿.
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编辑和剧作家都默契的知道
07:41
It's the invisible无形 application应用
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正是这无形中的运用
07:43
that holds持有 our attention注意 to story故事.
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牢牢抓住了我们的对故事的注意力
07:45
I don't mean to make it sound声音
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我的意思不是把它实施得很确切
07:47
like this is an actual实际 exact精确 science科学, it's not.
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好像门精确的科学研究一样,不是的。
07:50
That's what's so special特别 about stories故事,
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这就是为什么故事是如此的独特
07:52
they're not a widget小部件, they aren't exact精确.
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他们不是零固件,他们不要求精密准确。
07:55
Stories故事 are inevitable必然, if they're good,
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故事总是存在的,如果他们很赞
07:57
but they're not predictable可预测.
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但不见得可以预知
07:59
I took a seminar研讨会 in this year
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我今年曾上过一个研讨会
08:02
with an acting演戏 teacher老师 named命名 Judith朱迪思 Weston韦斯顿.
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和一个叫朱迪·韦斯顿的表演课老师
08:05
And I learned学到了 a key insight眼光 to character字符.
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从中我学到了一个关于人物角色的关键点
08:07
She believed相信 that all well-drawn精心绘制 characters人物
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她相信所有的成功的的人物角色描写
08:10
have a spine脊柱.
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都有一个支撑骨
08:12
And the idea理念 is that the character字符 has an inner motor发动机,
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这个想法是说每个人物都有一个内驱动力
08:14
a dominant优势, unconscious无意识 goal目标 that they're striving努力 for,
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有一个不断追逐的占主导位置却无法察觉的目标
08:17
an itch that they can't scratch.
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和一个怎么也抓不到的痒处
08:19
She gave a wonderful精彩 example of Michael迈克尔 Corleone柯里昂,
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她给我们举了一个关于迈克·柯里昂
08:21
Al Pacino's帕西诺的 character字符 in "The Godfather教父,"
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阿尔·帕西诺在“教父”里的角色
08:23
and that probably大概 his spine脊柱
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他的支撑骨大概就是
08:25
was to please his father父亲.
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取悦自己的父亲
08:27
And it's something that always drove开车 all his choices选择.
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这也是驱使他做出各种决定的原因
08:29
Even after his father父亲 died死亡,
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即时在他的父亲去世以后
08:31
he was still trying to scratch that itch.
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他仍然想要挠到那块心痒点
08:35
I took to this like a duck to water.
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这对我来说如鱼得水
08:38
Wall-E'sWALL-E的 was to find the beauty美女.
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Wall-E想要找到它心目中的美
08:41
Marlin's马林的, the father父亲 in "Finding查找 Nemo尼莫,"
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马林,海底总动员里的父亲
08:44
was to prevent避免 harm危害.
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想要保护自己的儿子
08:47
And Woody's伍迪 was to do what was best最好 for his child儿童.
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(玩具总动员)胡迪则是做对它的孩子正确的事情
08:50
And these spines don't always drive驾驶 you to make the best最好 choices选择.
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这些支撑骨并不总带领你做出最正确的选择
08:53
Sometimes有时 you can make some horrible可怕 choices选择 with them.
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有时候你可能会犯下严重的错误
08:56
I'm really blessed幸福 to be a parent,
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我很幸运能作为一个父母
08:58
and watching观看 my children孩子 grow增长, I really firmly牢牢 believe
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看着自己的孩子成长,我也很坚信
09:01
that you're born天生 with a temperament气质 and you're wired有线 a certain某些 way,
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每个人都有某种与生俱来的气质和某些特定的行为
09:04
and you don't have any say about it,
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你也说不出为什么会这样
09:07
and there's no changing改变 it.
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你也无法改变它
09:09
All you can do is learn学习 to recognize认识 it
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我们需要做的就是发现它
09:12
and own拥有 it.
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并拥有它
09:15
And some of us are born天生 with temperaments性情 that are positive,
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有的人的个性天生是积极地
09:17
some are negative.
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有的人是消极的
09:19
But a major重大的 threshold is passed通过
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一旦跨过了这主要的坎
09:22
when you mature成熟 enough足够
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当你足够成熟的时候
09:24
to acknowledge确认 what drives驱动器 you
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能够意识到是什么在驱使你的时候
09:26
and to take the wheel and steer驾驶 it.
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应该抓过方向盘,勇敢前进
09:28
As parents父母, you're always learning学习 who your children孩子 are.
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作为父母,你总在不断认知你的孩子是怎么样的
09:31
They're learning学习 who they are.
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他们自己的也在认识自己
09:33
And you're still learning学习 who you are.
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而你自己也在仍在不断地了解你自己
09:35
So we're all learning学习 all the time.
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所以我们总是在不断地在学习和了解的过程中的
09:38
And that's why change更改 is fundamental基本的 in story故事.
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这也是为什么变化是故事的基本
09:41
If things go static静态的, stories故事 die,
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如果东西变得静止了,故事也就结束了
09:43
because life is never static静态的.
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因为人生永远是动态而变化的
09:46
In 1998,
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1998年的时候
09:48
I had finished writing写作 "Toy玩具 Story故事" and "A Bug's错误的 Life"
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我刚写完“玩具总动员”和“虫虫危机”
09:50
and I was completely全然 hooked迷上 on screenwriting编剧.
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我被剧本创作深深地吸引住了
09:52
So I wanted to become成为 much better at it and learn学习 anything I could.
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我想要成为更好,去学习任何我能获得的东西
09:55
So I researched研究 everything I possibly或者 could.
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所以我翻遍了所有我能找到的资料
09:58
And I finally最后 came来了 across横过 this fantastic奇妙 quote引用
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直到有一天我遇到这个精彩的句子
10:00
by a British英国的 playwright剧作家, William威廉 Archer射手:
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来自一位英国剧作家,威廉·阿彻
10:03
"Drama戏剧 is anticipation预期
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“戏剧是夹杂着不确定性
10:05
mingled混到 with uncertainty不确定."
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的期待
10:07
It's an incredibly令人难以置信 insightful见地 definition定义.
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这是一个非常有深度的解释
10:10
When you're telling告诉 a story故事,
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当你在讲故事的时候
10:12
have you constructed anticipation预期?
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你有想过制造悬念么
10:14
In the short-term短期, have you made制作 me want to know
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你有想过让我在短时间里就想要知道
10:16
what will happen发生 next下一个?
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接下来什么会发生么
10:18
But more importantly重要的,
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更重要的的是
10:20
have you made制作 me want to know
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即便在一段时间后,你有让我想要
10:22
how it will all conclude得出结论 in the long-term长期?
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猜测整个结局会是什么的冲动么
10:24
Have you constructed honest诚实 conflicts冲突
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你有将矛盾冲突和事实结合
10:26
with truth真相 that creates创建 doubt怀疑
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制造出重重疑团
10:28
in what the outcome结果 might威力 be?
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甚至影响最后的结果么
10:30
An example would be in "Finding查找 Nemo尼莫,"
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举一个在“海底总动员”里的例子
10:32
in the short tension张力, you were always worried担心,
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在一段时间内,你总在担心
10:34
would Dory'sDory的 short-term短期 memory记忆
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多瑞的短时间记忆
10:36
make her forget忘记 whatever随你 she was being存在 told by Marlin马林.
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会不会让她忘记马文要她做的事情
10:38
But under that was this global全球 tension张力
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但整个故事的悬念就是
10:40
of will we ever find Nemo尼莫
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我们到底能不能找到尼莫
10:42
in this huge巨大, vast广大 ocean海洋?
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在这个一望无际的大海里
10:44
In our earliest最早 days at Pixar皮克斯,
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早期在皮克斯
10:46
before we truly understood了解 the invisible无形 workings运作 of story故事,
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在我们真正了解到什么是故事的精髓之前
10:49
we were simply只是 a group of guys just going on our gut肠道, going on our instincts本能.
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我们就是一群做事只会凭胆子、凭直觉的家伙
10:52
And it's interesting有趣 to see
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这倒也挺有趣
10:54
how that led us places地方
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它给我们带来的东西
10:56
that were actually其实 pretty漂亮 good.
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其实还挺不错的
10:58
You've got to remember记得 that in this time of year,
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不得不提在那时候
11:01
1993,
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1993年
11:03
what was considered考虑 a successful成功 animated动画 picture图片
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正是动画的鼎盛时期
11:06
was "The Little Mermaid美人鱼," "Beauty美女 and the Beast,"
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比如“小美人鱼”,“美女与野兽”
11:09
"Aladdin阿拉丁," "Lion狮子 King国王."
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“阿拉丁”,“狮子王”
11:11
So when we pitched倾斜的 "Toy玩具 Story故事" to Tom汤姆 Hanks汉克斯 for the first time,
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所以当我们挑选汤姆·汉克斯为“玩具总动员”配音的时候
11:14
he walked in and he said,
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他走进来然后说
11:16
"You don't want me to sing, do you?"
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“你该不会是想要我唱歌吧,是吗”
11:18
And I thought that epitomized集中体现 perfectly完美
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我想这简短的说明了
11:20
what everybody每个人 thought animation动画 had to be at the time.
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那时候的大家认为动画都是怎样的
11:23
But we really wanted to prove证明
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但我们那时候想要证明
11:25
that you could tell stories故事 completely全然 different不同 in animation动画.
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在动画里,你可以用完全不同的方式来讲故事
11:28
We didn't have any influence影响 then,
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当时候我们没什么影响力
11:30
so we had a little secret秘密 list名单 of rules规则
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所以我们有一份自己的
11:32
that we kept不停 to ourselves我们自己.
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神秘的小规则
11:34
And they were: No songs歌曲,
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它们有:不唱歌
11:37
no "I want" moment时刻,
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没有“我想要”片段
11:39
no happy快乐 village,
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没有快乐的小镇
11:41
no love story故事.
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没有爱情故事
11:43
And the irony讽刺 is that, in the first year,
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最有讽刺意义的是,在我们的第一年
11:45
our story故事 was not working加工 at all
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我们的故事没有任何进展
11:47
and Disney迪士尼 was panicking恐慌.
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迪士尼就开始慌虑了
11:49
So they privately私自 got advice忠告
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私下里他们从一个著名的词作家
11:52
from a famous著名 lyricist作词, who I won't惯于 name名称,
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得到了些建议,名字我就不在这里提了
11:54
and he faxed传真 them some suggestions建议.
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他给迪士尼传真了一些建议
11:56
And we got a hold保持 of that fax传真.
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当我们拿到那张纸的时候
11:58
And the fax传真 said,
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上面写着
12:00
there should be songs歌曲,
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应该要有唱歌
12:02
there should be an "I want" song歌曲,
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应该要有个“我想要”的歌曲
12:04
there should be a happy快乐 village song歌曲,
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要有个关于快乐小镇的歌曲
12:06
there should be a love story故事
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还得有个爱情故事
12:08
and there should be a villain恶棍.
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和一个反派角色
12:10
And thank goodness善良
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幸好,当时的我们
12:12
we were just too young年轻, rebellious and contrarian逆势 at the time.
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年轻气旺、叛逆、与众不同
12:15
That just gave us more determination决心
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这些让我们更加决心
12:18
to prove证明 that you could build建立 a better story故事.
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去证明我们可以编出更好的故事
12:20
And a year after that, we did conquer征服 it.
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一年以后,我们做到了
12:22
And it just went to prove证明
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这也证明了
12:24
that storytelling评书 has guidelines方针,
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讲故事是有指导方法的
12:26
not hard, fast快速 rules规则.
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不难但也不见效快的规则
12:28
Another另一个 fundamental基本的 thing we learned学到了
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我们学到的另一个重要的东西
12:30
was about liking喜欢 your main主要 character字符.
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就是学会喜欢你的人物特点
12:32
And we had naively天真 thought,
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我们总天真的以为
12:34
well Woody伍迪 in "Toy玩具 Story故事" has to become成为 selfless无私 at the end结束,
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“玩具总动员”里的胡迪至始至终都要是个自私的角色
12:36
so you've got to start开始 from someplace某个地方.
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所以你得从某个点开始来展示
12:38
So let's make him selfish自私. And this is what you get.
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于是我们做出了这个
12:41
(Voice语音 Over) Woody伍迪: What do you think you're doing?
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(配音)胡迪:你这是在干什么?
12:43
Off the bed.
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离开这个床
12:45
Hey, off the bed!
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嘿,下去!
12:47
Mr先生. Potato土豆 Head: You going to make us, Woody伍迪?
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蛋头先生:你想要惹我们吗,胡迪?
12:49
Woody伍迪: No, he is.
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胡迪:不,他才是。
12:51
Slinky苗条? Slink早产 ... Slinky苗条!
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弹簧狗?弹……簧狗!
12:55
Get up here and do your job工作.
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快上来把事做好
12:57
Are you deaf?
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你耳聋了吗?
12:59
I said, take care关心 of them.
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我说,注意好他们。
13:01
Slinky苗条: I'm sorry, Woody伍迪,
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弹簧狗:我很抱歉,胡迪。
13:03
but I have to agree同意 with them.
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但我同意他们意见
13:05
I don't think what you did was right.
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我不认为你所做的是正确的
13:07
Woody伍迪: What? Am I hearing听力 correctly正确地?
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胡迪:什么?我没有听错吧?
13:10
You don't think I was right?
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你不认为我是正确的?
13:12
Who said your job工作 was to think, Spring弹簧 Wiener维纳?
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谁说你可以考虑的?弹簧香肠?
13:17
AS: So how do you make a selfish自私 character字符 likable讨人喜欢?
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所以,我们怎么让一个自私的角色变得讨人喜欢?
13:19
We realized实现, you can make him kind,
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我们意识到,你也可以他变得善良起来
13:21
generous慷慨, funny滑稽, considerate周到,
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慷慨的、风趣的、贴心的
13:23
as long as one condition条件 is met会见 for him,
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只要一个条件满足了
13:25
is that he stays入住 the top最佳 toy玩具.
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那就是让他做最受宠爱的玩具
13:27
And that's what it really is,
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而现实也是如此
13:29
is that we all live生活 life conditionally有条件的.
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我们过着有条件的生活
13:31
We're all willing愿意 to play by the rules规则 and follow跟随 things along沿,
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我们心甘情愿的遵循规则
13:33
as long as certain某些 conditions条件 are met会见.
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只要某些条件符合了
13:36
After that, all bets赌注 are off.
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在这之后,没什么好纠结的
13:38
And before I'd even decided决定 to make storytelling评书 my career事业,
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在我决定要将讲故事作为我的职业的之前
13:41
I can now see key things that happened发生 in my youth青年
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我无法理解那些发生在我青年时的关键事件
13:43
that really sort分类 of opened打开 my eyes眼睛
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那些真正开放我的眼界
13:45
to certain某些 things about story故事.
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对于故事的一些事情
13:47
In 1986, I truly understood了解 the notion概念
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在1986年的时候,我理解到
13:50
of story故事 having a theme主题.
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故事总是有一个主题的
13:53
And that was the year that they restored恢复 and re-released重新发布
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而正是那一年,电影“阿拉伯的劳伦斯”
13:56
"Lawrence劳伦斯 of Arabia阿拉伯."
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重新上映
13:58
And I saw that thing seven times in one month.
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我把那部片子在一个月里看了七次
14:01
I couldn't不能 get enough足够 of it.
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怎么看都不够
14:03
I could just tell there was a grand盛大 design设计 under it --
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我可以分辨出这里面有精心设计的内容——
14:06
in every一切 shot射击, every一切 scene现场, every一切 line线.
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每个镜头、每个场景、每句台词
14:08
Yet然而, on the surface表面 it just seemed似乎
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但是,从表面上来看
14:10
to be depicting描绘 his historical历史的 lineage血统
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故事好像只是在讲述他古老的血统
14:13
of what went on.
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和之后发生的事情
14:15
Yet然而, there was something more being存在 said. What exactly究竟 was it?
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不过,有些东西还是被提到了。到底是什么呢?
14:17
And it wasn't until直到, on one of my later后来 viewings看房,
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直到我最近几次观看,我才发现它
14:19
that the veil面纱 was lifted取消
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这块神秘面纱才被揭露
14:21
and it was in a scene现场 where he's walked across横过 the Sinai西乃山 Desert沙漠
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这个场景里,他在穿越西奈沙漠
14:24
and he's reached到达 the Suez苏伊士 Canal运河,
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这时他到达了苏伊士运河
14:26
and I suddenly突然 got it.
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然后我一下子就顿悟了
14:33
(Video视频) Boy男孩: Hey! Hey! Hey! Hey!
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(视频)男孩:嗨!嗨!嗨!嗨!
14:46
Cyclist骑单车: Who are you?
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骑行者:你们是谁?
14:50
Who are you?
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你们是谁?
14:53
AS: That was the theme主题: Who are you?
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这就是故事的主题:你们是谁?
14:56
Here were all these seemingly似乎 disparate不同
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看上去这些零散的
14:58
events事件 and dialogues对话
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事件和对话
15:00
that just were chronologically按时间顺序 telling告诉 the history历史 of him,
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好像只是按历史顺序在叙述他的故事
15:03
but underneath it was a constant不变,
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然而深层次里有一个坚持的
15:05
a guideline指南, a road map地图.
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指南方向,一个旅行地图
15:07
Everything Lawrence劳伦斯 did in that movie电影
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每一件劳伦斯在电影里所做的事情
15:09
was an attempt尝试 for him to figure数字 out where his place地点 was in the world世界.
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都是在帮助他搞明白他自己是在世界上的哪个地方
15:12
A strong强大 theme主题 is always running赛跑 through通过
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一个强烈的主题总是贯穿于
15:15
a well-told良好的告诉 story故事.
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一个动听的故事
15:18
When I was five,
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在我五岁的时候,
15:20
I was introduced介绍 to possibly或者 the most major重大的 ingredient成分
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我被告知什么是讲故事
15:23
that I feel a story故事 should have,
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我觉得的最主要的元素
15:26
but is rarely很少 invoked调用.
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但这很少被提到
15:28
And this is what my mother母亲 took me to when I was five.
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这是我在五岁的时候妈妈带我去看的东西
15:34
(Video视频) Thumper桑普: Come on. It's all right.
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(视频)小兔桑普:来,没事的。
15:37
Look.
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15:39
The water's水的 stiff僵硬.
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这河水很牢固
15:45
Bambi小鹿斑比: YippeeYIPPEE!
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小鹿斑比:呀!
15:57
Thumper桑普: Some fun开玩笑,
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小兔桑普:挺好玩的,
15:59
huh, Bambi小鹿斑比?
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是吧,斑比?
16:02
Come on. Get up.
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快来,站起来
16:04
Like this.
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像这样
16:24
Ha ha. No, no, no.
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哈哈,不不不
16:27
AS: I walked out of there
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当我走出影院时
16:29
wide-eyed大眼睛 with wonder奇迹.
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睁大的眼睛里充满了疑问
16:31
And that's what I think the magic魔法 ingredient成分 is,
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这就是我认为的神奇配方
16:33
the secret秘密 sauce,
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这个神秘配料
16:35
is can you invoke调用 wonder奇迹.
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就是激起你惊疑
16:37
Wonder奇迹 is honest诚实, it's completely全然 innocent无辜.
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惊疑代表着诚实,它是绝对的天真无邪
16:39
It can't be artificially人为 evoked诱发.
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这是无法人为的制造出来的
16:41
For me, there's no greater更大 ability能力
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对我来说,没有什么比
16:43
than the gift礼品 of another另一个 human人的 being存在 giving you that feeling感觉 --
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拥有一个来自别人给你带来的一种感觉--
16:46
to hold保持 them still just for a brief简要 moment时刻 in their day
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那个让人在某一天的短暂的时刻里
16:49
and have them surrender投降 to wonder奇迹.
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屈服于惊疑
16:51
When it's tapped窃听, the affirmation肯定 of being存在 alive,
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当它出现的时候,灵动了起来
16:54
it reaches到达 you almost几乎 to a cellular细胞的 level水平.
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这就好像一个循环系统一样
16:57
And when an artist艺术家 does that to another另一个 artist艺术家,
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当一个艺术家对另一个艺术家表现的时候
16:59
it's like you're compelled被迫 to pass通过 it on.
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你不得不传递下去
17:01
It's like a dormant休眠 command命令
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就像是一个潜在的命令般
17:03
that suddenly突然 is activated活性 in you, like a call to Devil's魔鬼 Tower.
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突然间激活了你,就像恶魔塔的召唤一样
17:06
Do unto others其他 what's been doneDONE to you.
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别人怎么对你你就怎么对他们
17:09
The best最好 stories故事 infuse注入 wonder奇迹.
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好故事总是伴随着惊疑
17:12
When I was four years年份 old,
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在我四岁的时候,
17:14
I have a vivid生动 memory记忆
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我有这么一段鲜明的记忆
17:16
of finding发现 two pinpoint查明 scars伤疤 on my ankle
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关于寻找我的脚裸上的两个大头针伤疤
17:19
and asking my dad what they were.
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当我问我爸爸它们在哪里的时候
17:21
And he said I had a matching匹配 pair like that on my head,
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他告诉我我还有一对这样的伤疤在头上
17:23
but I couldn't不能 see them because of my hair头发.
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但因为头发的缘故我看不到它们
17:25
And he explained解释 that when I was born天生,
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他解释说在我出生的时候
17:27
I was born天生 premature过早,
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我早产了
17:29
that I came来了 out much too early,
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我出来的时间过于早
17:32
and I wasn't fully充分 baked烘烤的;
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我没有完全准备好
17:34
I was very, very sick生病.
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那时的我非常,非常虚弱
17:36
And when the doctor医生 took a look at this yellow黄色 kid孩子 with black黑色 teeth,
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当医生看着这个黄黄的婴儿和他黑乎乎的牙齿
17:39
he looked看着 straight直行 at my mom妈妈 and said,
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他盯着我的母亲说
17:41
"He's not going to live生活."
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“他没办法活下来”
17:44
And I was in the hospital醫院 for months个月.
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我在医院里呆了数个月
17:47
And many许多 blood血液 transfusions输血 later后来,
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在许多次的血液更换以后
17:49
I lived生活,
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我活下来了
17:51
and that made制作 me special特别.
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而这是我独特的地方
17:54
I don't know if I really believe that.
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我不知道自己是不是真的相信这个说法
17:57
I don't know if my parents父母 really believe that,
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我也不知道我的父母是否同意
18:00
but I didn't want to prove证明 them wrong错误.
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不过我不想去颠覆它们的真实性
18:03
Whatever随你 I ended结束 up being存在 good at,
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每当我获得成功的时候
18:06
I would strive努力 to be worthy值得 of the second第二 chance机会 I was given特定.
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我会努力去珍惜着这个二次机会的给予
18:10
(Video视频) (Crying哭泣)
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(视频)(哭声)
18:23
Marlin马林: There, there, there.
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马文:好了,好了,好了。
18:26
It's okay, daddy's爸爸的 here.
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没事了,爹地在这里。
18:29
Daddy's爸爸的 got you.
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爹地找到你了。
18:34
I promise诺言,
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我保证,
18:36
I will never let anything happen发生 to you, Nemo尼莫.
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我不会让任何意外发生在你的身上,尼莫。
18:40
AS: And that's the first story故事 lesson I ever learned学到了.
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而那就是我学到的第一个关于故事的课程
18:44
Use what you know. Draw from it.
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用你所知道的,从中取经
18:46
It doesn't always mean plot情节 or fact事实.
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这不是说总得写情节或者事实
18:48
It means手段 capturing捕获 a truth真相 from your experiencing经历 it,
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它是指从你经历中的捕捉真谛
18:51
expressing表达 values you personally亲自 feel
409
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表达那些你切身体会到的有价值的东西
18:54
deep down in your core核心.
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而且扎根在你的核心
18:56
And that's what ultimately最终 led me to speaking请讲 to you
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这就是基本上启发我
18:58
here at TEDTalkTED演讲 today今天.
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今天在TED上给你们带来的演讲
19:00
Thank you.
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谢谢。
19:02
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Si Xie
Reviewed by Yuguo Zhang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrew Stanton - Filmmaker
Andrew Stanton has made you laugh and cry. The writer behind the three "Toy Story" movies and the writer/director of "WALL-E," he releases his new film, "John Carter," in March.

Why you should listen

Andrew Stanton wrote the first film produced entirely on a computer, Toy Story. But what made that film a classic wasn't the history-making graphic technology -- it's the story, the heart, the characters that children around the world instantly accepted into their own lives. Stanton wrote all three Toy Story movies at Pixar Animation Studios, where he was hired in 1990 as the second animator on staff. He has two Oscars, as the writer-director of Finding Nemo and WALL-E. And as Edgar Rice Burroughs nerds, we're breathlessly awaiting the March opening of his fantasy-adventure movie John Carter.

More profile about the speaker
Andrew Stanton | Speaker | TED.com