ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com
TED-Ed

Chris Anderson (TED): Questions no one knows the answers to

Filmed:
17,835,841 views

In a new TED-Ed series designed to catalyze curiosity, TED Curator Chris Anderson shares his obsession with questions that no one (yet) knows the answers to. A short intro leads into two questions: Why can't we see evidence of alien life? on.ted.com/AlienLife and How many universes are there? on.ted.com/HowMany ... Find more TED-Ed videos on our new YouTube channel: youtube.com/TEDEd.
- TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

(音乐)
在学校,普通的一天里,
00:15
On a typical典型 day at school学校,
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无尽的时间要花在怎么去回答问题上,
00:18
endless无穷 hours小时 are spent花费 learning学习
the answers答案 to questions问题,
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但是现在,我们不这么做了。
00:22
but right now, we'll do the opposite对面.
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我们将把目光放在那些你不能够学到答案的问题上,
00:26
We're going to focus焦点 on questions问题
where you can't learn学习 the answers答案
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因为它们是未知的。
00:29
because they're unknown未知.
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我曾经在孩童时期对很多事情都有疑惑,
00:31
I used to puzzle难题 about a lot of things
as a boy男孩, for example:
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比如说,做一只狗会有什么样的生活呢?
00:36
What would it feel like to be a dog?
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鱼会感觉到疼痛么?
00:39
Do fish feel pain疼痛?
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昆虫会不会呢?
00:41
How about insects昆虫?
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难道宇宙大爆炸仅仅是个意外么?
00:43
Was the Big Bang just an accident事故?
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上帝真的是存在的么?
00:47
And is there a God?
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00:49
And if so, how are we so sure
that it's a He and not a She?
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如果存在的话,我们怎么能够确定上帝是男的还是女的呢?
为什么世界上这么多的无辜的人和动物要遭受一些可怕的事情?
00:53
Why do so many许多 innocent无辜 people
and animals动物 suffer遭受 terrible可怕 things?
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我的生活真的是被计划好的么?
00:57
Is there really a plan计划 for my life?
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未来是还没被决定的呢,
01:00
Is the future未来 yet然而 to be written书面,
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还是说未来是已经被写好了的,只不过我们看不见?
01:02
or is it already已经 written书面
and we just can't see it?
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然后,我有自由的意志么?我到底是谁呢?
01:05
But then, do I have free自由 will?
I mean, who am I anyway无论如何?
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我仅仅是一台生物机器么?
01:08
Am I just a biological生物 machine?
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然后,我为什么会有意识呢?意识又是什么东西?
01:11
But then, why am I conscious意识?
What is consciousness意识?
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机器人以后也会有意识么?
01:15
Will robots机器人 become成为 conscious意识 one day?
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我是说,我稍微假设一下,在某一天
01:19
I mean, I kind of assumed假定 that some day
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我会有这些问题的答案,
01:21
I would be told the answers答案
to all these questions问题.
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那么肯定是有人知道答案的对吧?
01:25
Someone有人 must必须 know, right?
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你猜猜?没有人知道。
01:28
Guess猜测 what? No one knows知道.
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大部分这些问题带给我的困扰与日俱增。
01:32
Most of those questions问题
puzzle难题 me more now than ever.
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但是探索这些问题答案的过程真的很有趣
01:35
But diving潜水 into them is exciting扣人心弦
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因为它带你到了知识的边缘,你永远不知道你将在那里发现什么。
01:38
because it takes you
to the edge边缘 of knowledge知识,
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01:40
and you never know what you'll你会 find there.
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所以,这里有两个问题——
01:43
So, two questions问题 that no one
on Earth地球 knows知道 the answer回答 to.
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这两个问题地球上没有人可以回答出来。
(音乐)世界上有多少的宇宙呢?
01:50
(Music音乐)
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01:52
[How many许多 universes宇宙 are there?]
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有时候, 当我坐在远途飞行的飞机上,
01:57
Sometimes有时 when I'm on a long plane平面 flight飞行,
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02:00
I gaze凝视 out at all those
mountains and deserts沙漠
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我会向外俯瞰那些山川和沙漠
然后尝试着猜测我们的地球到底有多广袤无垠。
02:02
and try to get my head
around how vast广大 our Earth地球 is.
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接着我记得我们每天都能看见一个物体的出现,
02:06
And then I remember记得
that there's an object目的 we see every一切 day
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它还可以装进一百万个地球:
02:09
that would literally按照字面 fit适合
one million百万 Earths地球 inside it:
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太阳。它看起来真的是不可思议般的大!
02:13
the Sun太阳.
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02:14
It seems似乎 impossibly不可能 big.
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但是在浩瀚的宇宙中,它不过一个针孔大小而已,
02:15
But in the great scheme方案
of things, it's a pinprick针刺,
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是银河系中四千亿星星的一员,
02:19
one of about 400 billion十亿 stars明星
in the Milky乳白色 Way galaxy星系,
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正如你可以在晴朗的晚上
02:23
which哪一个 you can see on a clear明确 night
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看到满天的星星好似淡淡的白雾
02:25
as a pale苍白 white白色 mist薄雾
stretched拉伸 across横过 the sky天空.
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然而更令人惊叹的是, 通过天文望远镜我们可以
02:28
And it gets得到 worse更差.
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02:29
There are maybe 100 billion十亿 galaxies星系
detectable检测 by our telescopes望远镜.
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探测到大约一千亿个的星系。
所以如果每个星星都是沙子中的一粒的话,
02:33
So if each star was the size尺寸
of a single grain粮食 of sand,
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仅仅银河系就有足够的星星让
02:38
just the Milky乳白色 Way has enough足够 stars明星
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一个30英尺长30英尺宽的沙滩
02:40
to fill a 30-foot-脚丫子 by 30-foot-脚丫子
stretch伸展 of beach海滩
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盖上3英尺厚。
02:42
three feet deep with sand.
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整个地球上的沙滩甚至还不能
02:45
And the entire整个 Earth地球
doesn't have enough足够 beaches海滩
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代表宇宙中所有的星星。
02:48
to represent代表 the stars明星
in the overall总体 universe宇宙.
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这样的一个沙滩会大约绵延几亿英里长。
02:51
Such这样 a beach海滩 would continue继续 for literally按照字面
hundreds数以百计 of millions百万 of miles英里.
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天啊,史蒂芬 霍金,这可是超级多的星星啊!
02:55
Holy Stephen斯蒂芬 Hawking霍金,
that is a lot of stars明星.
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但是他还有其他物理学家现在相信事实上
02:59
But he and other physicists物理学家
now believe in a reality现实
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还会比现在的大不知道多少,完全没法想象。
03:02
that is unimaginably超乎想象 bigger still.
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我的意思是,首先,这些我们可以观测到的一千亿星系
03:06
I mean, first of all,
the 100 billion十亿 galaxies星系
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03:08
within range范围 of our telescopes望远镜
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可能不过是总数的很小一部分。
03:09
are probably大概 a minuscule微不足道
fraction分数 of the total.
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空间现在仍在在加速拓展。
03:12
Space空间 itself本身 is expanding扩大
at an accelerating加速 pace步伐.
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绝大部分的星系
03:16
The vast广大 majority多数 of the galaxies星系
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正在以一个比光还要快的速度离我们而去,他们的光都不可能到达地球。
03:18
are separating分离 from us so fast快速
that light from them may可能 never reach达到 us.
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但是,事实上我们地球上的物理现象
03:23
Still, our physical物理 reality现实 here on Earth地球
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是和那些遥远的看不见的星系有着很密切的关系。
03:26
is intimately密切 connected连接的
to those distant遥远, invisible无形 galaxies星系.
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我们可以把它们看作宇宙中的一部分。
03:29
We can think of them
as part部分 of our universe宇宙.
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它们组成了一个巨大的宏伟建筑物
03:32
They make up a single, giant巨人 edifice大厦
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03:35
obeying服从 the same相同 physical物理 laws法律
and all made制作 from the same相同 types类型 of atoms原子,
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所有的建筑物里的物质都遵循相同的物理定律,由相同的微粒组成, 原子, 电子,质子,
夸克,中微子——那些形成了我们的微粒。
03:38
electrons电子, protons质子, quarks夸克, neutrinos中微子,
that make up you and me.
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然而,物理学最近的理论显示,包括弦理论,
03:42
However然而, recent最近 theories理论 in physics物理,
including包含 one called string theory理论,
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告诉我们世界上可能会有数不完的其他宇宙
03:46
are now telling告诉 us there could be
countless无数 other universes宇宙
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03:50
built内置 on different不同 types类型 of particles粒子,
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由不同于我们的宇宙的微粒组成,
03:52
with different不同 properties性能,
obeying服从 different不同 laws法律.
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有不同的性质,遵循不同的规律。
大部分的宇宙可能永远不能产生生命,
03:54
Most of these universes宇宙
could never support支持 life,
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或者生命在一纳秒内存在然后消失了。
03:57
and might威力 flash in and out
of existence存在 in a nanosecond纳秒.
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但是,无论如何,它们组成了巨大的多元宇宙,
04:01
But nonetheless尽管如此,, combined结合,
they make up a vast广大 multiverse多重宇宙
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可能一共有11维,
04:04
of possible可能 universes宇宙
in up to 11 dimensions尺寸,
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在我们的想象力之外创造着奇迹。
04:07
featuring特色 wonders奇迹
beyond our wildest最疯狂 imagination想像力.
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领先的弦理论预测一个多元宇宙
04:12
The leading领导 version of string theory理论
predicts预测 a multiverse多重宇宙
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可以组成10的500次方个不同的宇宙。
04:15
made制作 up of 10 to the 500 universes宇宙.
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04:17
That's a one followed其次 by 500 zeros,
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就是1后面跟著500个0,
这个数字是如此之大以至于我们观测宇宙中的
04:20
a number so vast广大 that if every一切 atom原子
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每个原子都有自己的宇宙,
04:23
in our observable可观察 universe宇宙
had its own拥有 universe宇宙,
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所有的宇宙中的所有原子都有
04:27
and all of the atoms原子
in all those universes宇宙 each had
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自己的宇宙。你再重复
04:29
their own拥有 universe宇宙,
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04:32
and you repeated重复 that for two more cycles周期,
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两次同样的循环,你得到的仍然是
04:34
you'd still be at a tiny
fraction分数 of the total,
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总数的一小部分,
也就是大约10的180次方分之一。
04:37
namely亦即, one trillion trillion trillion
trillion trillion trillion trillion
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04:41
trillion trillion trillion trillion
trillion trillion trillion trillionth万亿.
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即便是这个数字,
04:46
(Laughter笑声)
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04:47
But even that number
is minuscule微不足道 compared相比 to another另一个 number:
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相比另一个数字也是小数目:
无限。
04:53
infinity无穷.
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部分物理学家认为时空连续到几乎是无限的
04:54
Some physicists物理学家 think the space-time时空
continuum连续 is literally按照字面 infinite无穷
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它包括了无限的所谓的子宇宙
04:57
and that it contains包含 an infinite无穷 number
of so-called所谓 pocket口袋 universes宇宙
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和所有的可能。
05:01
with varying不同 properties性能.
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你的大脑现在怎么样了?
05:03
How's怎么样 your brain doing?
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量子理论给了我们一个全新的视野。
05:05
Quantum量子 theory理论 adds增加 a whole整个 new wrinkle皱纹.
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05:07
I mean, the theory's理论的 been proven证明
true真正 beyond all doubt怀疑,
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我的意思是,这个理论证明了所有的疑惑,
但是证明和解释起来却非常的困难,
05:09
but interpreting解读 it is baffling莫名其妙,
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有些物理学家认为要解释疑惑就
05:11
and some physicists物理学家 think
you can only un-baffle联合国挡板 it
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必须要你想象世界上有无数的平行宇宙
05:15
if you imagine想像 that huge巨大 numbers数字
of parallel平行 universes宇宙
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在每个瞬间都在像产卵一样分化,
05:17
are being存在 spawned催生 every一切 moment时刻,
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这些宇宙中有许多会跟我们所在的世界很相似,
05:20
and many许多 of these universes宇宙 would actually其实
be very like the world世界 we're in,
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并且会有多个你这个人的副本。
05:23
would include包括 multiple copies副本 of you.
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在这些宇宙中,你会以荣誉学位毕业
05:25
In one such这样 universe宇宙,
you'd graduate毕业 with honors荣誉
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并且嫁给一位梦中情人,
05:28
and marry结婚 the person of your dreams,
and in another另一个, not so much.
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而在另一个宇宙中的你,活的不那么好。
好吧,仍然会有一些科学家会说,这是废话。
05:33
Well, there are still some scientists科学家们
who would say, hogwash泔水.
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这里唯一有意义的回答:世界上有多少宇宙的答案是一个。
05:36
The only meaningful富有意义的 answer回答 to the question
of how many许多 universes宇宙 there are is one.
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仅仅一个宇宙。
05:40
Only one universe宇宙.
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有少部分哲学家和神学家
05:42
And a few少数 philosophers哲学家
and mystics神秘主义者 might威力 argue争论
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会说即便我们的宇宙也是幻觉, 不真实存在的。
05:45
that even our own拥有 universe宇宙 is an illusion错觉.
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所以,你可以看到,现在
05:49
So, as you can see, right now
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世界上没有对于这个问题的统一回答,甚至还没有可以回答的迹象
05:51
there is no agreement协议
on this question, not even close.
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我们只知道这个答案介于0到无穷大之间。
05:54
All we know is the answer回答 is somewhere某处
between之间 zero and infinity无穷.
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让我们来说一下另一件事。
05:59
Well, I guess猜测 we know one other thing.
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这是一个非常有趣的学习物理的机会。
06:01
This is a pretty漂亮 cool time
to be studying研究 physics物理.
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06:05
We just might威力 be undergoing经历
the biggest最大 paradigm范例 shift转移 in knowledge知识
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我们可能正在经历人类史上
最大的知识范例变动。
06:08
that humanity人性 has ever seen看到.
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06:10
(Music音乐)
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(音乐)为什么我们看不到外星人的迹象?
06:14
[Why can't we see evidence证据 of alien外侨 life?]
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在浩瀚宇宙的某一处,
06:17
Somewhere某处 out there in that vast广大 universe宇宙
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肯定会有个地方会有无数的星球在大量的孕育出生命。
06:20
there must必须 surely一定 be countless无数
other planets行星 teeming丰富的 with life.
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但是为什么我们就看不到那些迹象呢?
06:23
But why don't we see any evidence证据 of it?
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这个著名问题在1950年由Enrico Fermi提出:
06:27
Well, this is the famous著名 question
asked by Enrico恩里科 Fermi费米 in 1950:
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其他生命到底在哪里?
06:30
Where is everybody每个人?
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阴谋论的理论家认为不明飞行物经常飞到地球来
06:33
Conspiracy阴谋 theorists理论家 claim要求 that UFOs不明飞行物
are visiting访问 all the time
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并且有关的报告被隐藏了,但是说实话,这个并不能令人信服。
06:36
and the reports报告 are just being存在 covered覆盖 up,
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06:39
but honestly老老实实, they aren't very convincing使人信服.
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但这就留下了一个谜。
06:41
But that leaves树叶 a real真实 riddle谜语.
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在过去的时间里,开普勒空间瞭望台
06:44
In the past过去 year,
the Kepler开普勒 space空间 observatory天文台
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发现了几百颗行星在恒星附近环绕。
06:47
has found发现 hundreds数以百计 of planets行星
just around nearby附近 stars明星.
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如果外推一下这个数据,
06:50
And if you extrapolate推断 that data数据,
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这好像是有5000亿个行星
06:52
it looks容貌 like there could
be half a trillion planets行星
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在银河系中。
06:55
just in our own拥有 galaxy星系.
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如果有万分之一的行星有条件
06:58
If any one in 10,000 has conditions条件
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孕育生命,这依然有
07:00
that might威力 support支持 a form形成 of life,
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07:03
that's still 50 million百万 possible可能
life-harboring窝藏生命的 planets行星
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五千万适合生命的行星。
07:06
right here in the Milky乳白色 Way.
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这仅仅是在银河系。
所以这个谜就是:我们地球的存在
07:08
So here's这里的 the riddle谜语:
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07:10
our Earth地球 didn't form形成
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是在大爆炸的九十亿年之后。
07:11
until直到 about nine billion十亿 years年份
after the Big Bang.
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无数的银河系内其他行星会在地球之前形成
07:15
Countless无数 other planets行星 in our galaxy星系
should have formed形成 earlier,
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并且让生命可以进化。
07:19
and given特定 life a chance机会 to get underway进行
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它们要比地球早几十亿年,或者最起码早几百万年
07:21
billions数十亿, or certainly当然 many许多 millions百万
of years年份 earlier than happened发生 on Earth地球.
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就已经出现了。
如果只有一少部分生命进化出了有智慧的
07:27
If just a few少数 of them
had spawned催生 intelligent智能 life
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和可以创造科技的生命,
07:30
and started开始 creating创建 technologies技术,
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那些科技将会有几百万年的时间
07:32
those technologies技术 would have
had millions百万 of years年份
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去发展出对应的复杂度和能力。
07:35
to grow增长 in complexity复杂 and power功率.
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在地球上,
07:39
On Earth地球,
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我们见证了科技在仅仅100年内
07:40
we've我们已经 seen看到 how dramatically显着
technology技术 can accelerate加速
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是怎样急剧发展的。
07:43
in just 100 years年份.
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在数百万年内,一个有智慧的外星文明
07:46
In millions百万 of years年份,
an intelligent智能 alien外侨 civilization文明
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肯定可以轻易地发展到银河系的每一个角落,
07:50
could easily容易 have spread传播 out
across横过 the galaxy星系,
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或许发明了巨型能源捕获机这样的东西。
07:52
perhaps也许 creating创建 giant巨人
energy-harvesting能量收集 artifacts文物
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或者是殖民飞行舰队
07:56
or fleets车队 of colonizing殖民 spaceships飞船
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或者是充满了夜晚天空的辉煌艺术作品。
07:59
or glorious辉煌 works作品 of art艺术
that fill the night sky天空.
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至少你想它们也会
08:03
At the very least最小, you'd think
they'd他们会 be revealing揭示 their presence存在,
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把它们的存在,有意或无意的,
08:06
deliberately故意 or otherwise除此以外,
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通过一种或其他的电磁信号告诉我们。
08:07
through通过 electromagnetic电磁 signals信号
of one kind or another另一个.
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但是现在没有充分证据显示有任何一种文明。
08:11
And yet然而 we see no convincing使人信服
evidence证据 of any of it.
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为什么呢?
08:13
Why?
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08:16
Well, there are numerous众多 possible可能 answers答案,
some of them quite相当 dark黑暗.
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这里会有很多可能的答案,
其中有些相当消极。
可能一个非常有智能的文明
08:21
Maybe a single,
superintelligent超智 civilization文明
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08:24
has indeed确实 taken采取 over the galaxy星系
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已经占领了整个银河系并且故意把辐射波屏蔽了,
08:27
and has imposed征收 strict严格 radio无线电 silence安静
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因为它们害怕潜在的竞争对手。
08:29
because it's paranoid偏执
of any potential潜在 competitors竞争对手.
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他们可能就坐等去消灭
08:32
It's just sitting坐在 there
ready准备 to obliterate
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任何可能成为隐患的东西。
08:35
anything that becomes a threat威胁.
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或者它们还不够聪明,
08:39
Or maybe they're not that intelligent智能,
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或者可能在进化出一个
08:42
or perhaps也许 the evolution演化
of an intelligence情报
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能够创造复杂科技的智能生物
08:44
capable of creating创建
sophisticated复杂的 technology技术
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是远比我们想象的要难。总而言之,
08:47
is far rarer罕见的 than we've我们已经 assumed假定.
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08:49
After all, it's only happened发生 once一旦
on Earth地球 in four billion十亿 years年份.
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在40亿年智能生物至此只在地球发生过一次。
或许这是巧合的巧合。
08:53
Maybe even that was incredibly令人难以置信 lucky幸运.
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或许我们是银河系内第一个有如此程度文明的。
08:56
Maybe we are the first
such这样 civilization文明 in our galaxy星系.
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或者,可能
09:01
Or, perhaps也许 civilization文明 carries携带 with it
the seeds种子 of its own拥有 destruction毁坏
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文明携带毁灭自己文化的种子
这些种子通过以不能控制自己科技进步的方式衍生着。
09:06
through通过 the inability无力 to control控制
the technologies技术 it creates创建.
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但这里有更多充满希望的答案。
09:11
But there are numerous众多
more hopeful有希望 answers答案.
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作为开始,我们没有努力去搜索它们,我们只是花了很少一部分钱而已。
09:13
For a start开始, we're not looking that hard,
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09:15
and we're spending开支
a pitiful可怜 amount of money on it.
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仅仅是银河系中的很小一部分行星
09:18
Only a tiny fraction分数
of the stars明星 in our galaxy星系
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被我们仔细研究了它们的使我们感兴趣的信号。
09:21
have really been looked看着 at closely密切
for signs迹象 of interesting有趣 signals信号.
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或许我们没有找对方向。
09:26
And perhaps也许 we're not looking
the right way.
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可能一个文明发展得
09:29
Maybe as civilizations文明 develop发展,
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1976
09:31
they quickly很快 discover发现
communication通讯 technologies技术
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太快以致于它们使用一些
比电磁波更加复杂有用的信号。
09:33
far more sophisticated复杂的 and useful有用
than electromagnetic电磁 waves波浪.
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可能所有的活动都是在谜一般的
09:38
Maybe all the action行动 takes place地点
inside the mysterious神秘
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最近发现的暗物质里发生的。
09:41
recently最近 discovered发现 dark黑暗 matter,
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2017
或者是揭示了宇宙大部分质量的暗能量,
09:43
or dark黑暗 energy能源, that appear出现 to account帐户
for most of the universe's宇宙 mass.
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或者
可能我们找错了大小范围。
09:49
Or, maybe we're looking
at the wrong错误 scale规模.
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09:52
Perhaps也许 intelligent智能
civilizations文明 come to realize实现
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可能智能文明意识到了
09:55
that life is ultimately最终
just complex复杂 patterns模式 of information信息
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生命最终不过是复杂的信息模式
互相以一种美丽的方式作用于其他个体,
09:57
interacting互动 with each other
in a beautiful美丽 way,
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它们可能在更小的情况下表现的更加有效率。
10:00
and that that can happen发生 more
efficiently有效率的 at a small scale规模.
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所以,就像笨重的音响系统变小了,
10:03
So, just as on Earth地球,
clunky笨重 stereo立体声 systems系统 have shrunk压缩
191
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10:06
to beautiful美丽, tiny iPodsiPod播放器,
maybe intelligent智能 life itself本身,
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变成精致小巧的ipods;或者是智能生物本身变小,
10:09
in order订购 to reduce减少 its footprint脚印
on the environment环境,
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这样可以减少在环境中留下的足迹,让他们变成微观物体。
10:11
has turned转身 itself本身 microscopic显微.
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所以,在太阳系可能充满了外星人,只不过我们没发现而已。
10:13
So the Solar太阳能 System系统
might威力 be teeming丰富的 with aliens外星人,
195
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10:16
and we're just not noticing注意到 them.
196
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可能我们脑中的那个想法就是一种外星生命的形式。
10:17
Maybe the very ideas思路 in our heads
are a form形成 of alien外侨 life.
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好吧,真是一个疯狂的想法。
10:21
Well, okay, that's a crazy thought.
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外星人让我说的。
10:24
The aliens外星人 made制作 me say it.
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但这个好想法的确有自己的一套生命的解释
10:26
But it is cool that ideas思路 do seem似乎
to have a life all of their own拥有
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而且它们比它们的创造者活得更久。
10:30
and that they outlive活得比 their creators创作者.
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可能生命体只是一个转瞬即逝的阶段。
10:33
Maybe biological生物 life
is just a passing通过 phase.
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好吧,在未来的15年内,
10:39
Well, within the next下一个 15 years年份,
203
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1517
10:41
we could start开始 seeing眼看
real真实 spectroscopic光谱 information信息
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我们可以开始看到真正的光谱学信息
10:44
from promising有希望 nearby附近 planets行星
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从附近有希望的行星开始去揭示一个星球有多适合居住。
10:45
that will reveal揭示 just
how life-friendly生活友好 they might威力 be.
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另一方面,有个叫做"搜寻外星智能生物"的组织,也叫SETI,
10:48
And meanwhile与此同时, SETISETI, the Search搜索
for Extraterrestrial外星人 Intelligence情报,
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10:52
is now releasing释放 its data数据 to the public上市
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现在把自己的数据公之于众,
10:54
so that millions百万 of citizen公民 scientists科学家们,
maybe including包含 you,
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这样成百万计的科学家,可能也包括你,
10:57
can bring带来 the power功率 of the crowd人群
to join加入 the search搜索.
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可以发动群众的力量去加入这个搜索。
并且在地球,人们在做一种神奇的实验
11:00
And here on Earth地球, amazing惊人 experiments实验
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去寻找随机创造出生命,
11:02
are being存在 doneDONE to try
to create创建 life from scratch,
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11:05
life that might威力 be very different不同
from the DNA脱氧核糖核酸 forms形式 we know.
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而且它们的DNA会跟我们有很大不同。
所有的这些会让我们了解
11:09
All of this will help us understand理解
whether是否 the universe宇宙 is teeming丰富的 with life
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这个宇宙是不是充满了生命
11:14
or whether是否, indeed确实, it's just us.
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或者,真的,只有我们。
任何一个答案,就它们本身而言,
11:19
Either answer回答, in its own拥有 way,
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都是令人惊讶的,
11:22
is awe-inspiring凛然,
217
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因为即便只有我们存在,
11:25
because even if we are alone单独,
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11:27
the fact事实 that we think and dream梦想
and ask these questions问题
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这些思考与梦想,这些疑问本身,
可能会变成宇宙中最重要的事实之一。
11:31
might威力 yet然而 turn out to be
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11:33
one of the most important重要 facts事实
about the universe宇宙.
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我还有一个好消息给你。
11:36
And I have one more piece
of good news新闻 for you.
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对知识的渴望不会让你生活乏味,
11:39
The quest寻求 for knowledge知识
and understanding理解 never gets得到 dull平淡.
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不但不会,还会反过来。
11:41
It doesn't. It's actually其实 the opposite对面.
224
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11:44
The more you know,
the more amazing惊人 the world世界 seems似乎.
225
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你知道的越多,对你来说这个世界就越神奇。
还有这些疯狂的可能性还有没回答的问题,
11:47
And it's the crazy possibilities可能性,
the unanswered悬而未决 questions问题,
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它们使我们向前。
11:51
that pull us forward前锋.
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11:52
So stay curious好奇.
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Translated by Binglin Qi
Reviewed by Jing Peng

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com