TEDxDelft
Erik Schlangen: A "self-healing" asphalt
Erik Schlangen:一种“自我修复”的沥青
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铺好的路面看上去很好，但很容易损坏并且修复昂贵。Erik Schlangen 演示了一种新型沥青，用简单的材料制成却有惊人的特点：出现裂缝后，它能通过感应加热而“修复".(拍摄于TEDxDelft）
Erik Schlangen - Experimental micromechanics pioneer
Erik Schlangen is a civil engineer and pioneer of experimental micromechanics, who focuses on making industrial materials more durable. Full bio
Erik Schlangen is a civil engineer and pioneer of experimental micromechanics, who focuses on making industrial materials more durable. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:53
(Hammer)
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(锤声）
00:59
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:19
(Microwave beeps) (Laughter)
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（微波炉声）（笑声）
01:31
You probably all agree with me
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你们也许会同意
01:33
that this is a very nice road.
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这条路很不错。
01:36
It's made of asphalt,
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它是沥青做的，
01:38
and asphalt is a very nice material to drive on,
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沥青是一种很好的材料，在上面开车很好
01:41
but not always, especially not on these days as today,
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但也不总是，特别是像今天这样的天气，
01:45
when it's raining a lot.
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下大雨的时候。
01:47
Then you can have a lot of splash water in the asphalt.
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在沥青路上会溅起很多水。
01:50
And especially if you then ride with your bicycle,
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尤其是如果你正骑着自行车，
01:53
and pass these cars, then that's not very nice.
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与那些车擦肩而过，就不太好啦。
01:56
Also, asphalt can create a lot of noise.
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同时，沥青路会产生很大噪音。
02:00
It's a noisy material,
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这种材料有点吵，
02:01
and if we produce roads like in the Netherlands,
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如果我们要修的路紧邻城市，
02:04
very close to cities, then we would like a silent road.
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像荷兰的道路那样，我们就会希望噪音小一些。
02:08
The solution for that is to make roads
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解决的办法就是
02:11
out of porous asphalt.
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使用多孔沥青来修路。
02:13
Porous asphalt, a material that we use now
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多孔沥青这种材料
02:15
in most of the highways in the Netherlands,
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用在荷兰的多数高速公路上，
02:18
it has pores and water can just rain through it,
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它有些小毛孔让水渗过去，
02:22
so all the rainwater will flow away to the sides,
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雨水会流向旁边，
02:25
and you have a road that's easy to drive on,
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路上驾车就容易了，
02:27
so no splash water anymore.
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也没有溅起的水花。
02:29
Also the noise will disappear in these pores.
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噪音也会消失在这些毛孔里。
02:32
Because it's very hollow, all the noise will disappear,
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因为它有很多空洞，相互抵消了噪音，
02:35
so it's a very silent road.
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所以路就很安静。
02:37
It also has disadvantages, of course,
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当然，它也有缺点，
02:41
and the disadvantage of this road is that raveling can occur.
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这种路的缺点是沥青可能会松脱。
02:45
What is raveling? You see that in this road
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什么叫松脱？看看这条路
02:48
that the stones at the surface come off.
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路面上的石头脱落。
02:51
First you get one stone, then several more,
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开始一块，接着几块，
02:56
and more and more and more and more,
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越来越多，
02:58
and then they -- well, I will not do that. (Laughter)
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后来就——我就不演示了。（笑声）
03:01
But they can damage your windshield,
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但它们会损坏你的挡风玻璃，
03:04
so you're not happy with that.
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你肯定不高兴。
03:06
And finally, this raveling can also lead to more and more damage.
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最后，这种松脱会带来越来越多的损害。
03:10
Sometimes you can create potholes with that.
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有时候路面会出现坑槽
03:12
Ha. He's ready.
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哈，他早有准备。
03:17
Potholes, of course, that can become a problem,
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坑坑洼洼当然会变成问题，
03:20
but we have a solution.
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但我们有解决的办法。
03:21
Here you see actually how the damage appears in this material.
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这里你看到的是这种材料上出现的损害。
03:24
It's a porous asphalt, like I said, so you have only
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这是沥青，就像我说的，
03:26
a small amount of binder between the stones.
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石头中间有少量的粘合剂。
03:29
Due to weathering, due to U.V. light, due to oxidation,
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由于风化、紫外线、氧化等原因
03:33
this binder, this bitumen,
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这种粘合剂，这种沥青，
03:35
the glue between the aggregates is going to shrink,
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集料之间的黏胶会收缩，
03:38
and if it shrinks, it gets micro-cracks,
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如果它收缩，就会有小裂纹，
03:40
and it delaminates from the aggregates.
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从集块开始会出现分层。
03:42
Then if you drive over the road, you take out the aggregates --
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如果你在这种路上行驶，你会带出这些集料--
03:44
what we just saw here.
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就是我们看到的。
03:47
To solve this problem, we thought of self-healing materials.
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为了解决这个问题，我们考虑到了自我修复材料。
03:51
If we can make this material self-healing,
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如果我们能让这种材料自我修复，
03:54
then probably we have a solution.
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就有可能有解决方案。
03:57
So what we can do is use steel wool just to clean pans,
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我们用的就是清洁厨具用的钢丝绒，
04:01
and the steel wool we can cut in very small pieces,
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钢丝绒可以裁成很小块，
04:05
and these very small pieces we can mix to the bitumen.
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我们把这些小块混进沥青。
04:09
So then you have asphalt
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所以现在的沥青
04:11
with very small pieces of steel wool in it.
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有一些小钢丝绒在里面。
04:14
Then you need a machine, like you see here,
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你再需要一个像这样的机器，
04:16
that you can use for cooking -- an induction machine.
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一个感应电机——它可以用来做饭。
04:20
Induction can heat, especially steel; it's very good at that.
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感应电机可以加热东西，尤其擅长加热钢铁
04:24
Then what you do is you heat up the steel,
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所以我们要做的就是把钢铁加热，
04:26
you melt the bitumen,
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把沥青溶化，
04:28
and the bitumen will flow into these micro-cracks,
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沥青就会流进那些小裂缝里，
04:30
and the stones are again fixed to the surface.
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脱落的小石子就又被粘上了。
04:34
Today I use a microwave because I cannot take
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由于感应电机太大了拿不上来，
04:38
the big induction machine here onstage.
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我在这里就用微波炉演示了。
04:40
So a microwave is a similar system.
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微波炉跟感应电机的原理类似。
04:43
So I put the specimen in, which I'm now going to take out
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我把样品放进去了，现在把它拿出来
04:46
to see what happened.
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看看发生了什么事。
04:50
So this is the specimen coming out now.
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这是样品现在的样子。
04:52
So I said we have such an industrial machine in the lab
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我们实验室里有工业用的机器
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to heat up the specimens.
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来加热样品。
04:59
We tested a lot of specimens there,
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我们测试过很多样品，
05:01
and then the government, they actually saw our results,
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政府也看过我们的结果，
05:04
and they thought, "Well, that's very interesting. We have to try that."
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他们决定，“这很有趣，我们应该试一下。”
05:08
So they donated to us a piece of highway,
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政府免费授权了一段高速公路给我们，
05:10
400 meters of the A58, where we had to make
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在A58号上400米的距离，
05:14
a test track to test this material.
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我们就在那里做了材料测试。
05:16
So that's what we did here. You see where we were making the test road,
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这就是我们做的。你看到的就是做的实验路段，
05:20
and then of course this road will last several years
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当然这段路近几年不会坏。
05:24
without any damage. That's what we know from practice.
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我们在实践中确认了这点。
05:28
So we took a lot of samples from this road
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我们在这段路上取了很多样品
05:30
and we tested them in the lab.
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在实验室里进行各种测试。
05:33
So we did aging on the samples,
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我们做了老化实验，
05:36
did a lot of loading on it, healed them with our induction machine,
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加了很多负载，用我们的感应电机给它们加热，
05:39
and healed them and tested them again.
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重复加热和测试。
05:42
Several times we can repeat that.
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我们可以多次重复。
05:44
So actually, the conclusion from this research is that
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事实上，这项实验得到的结论是
05:46
if we go on the road every four years
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如果我们每四年在这段路上
05:49
with our healing machine -- this is the big version
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用我们的加热机器——超大号微波炉
05:52
we have made to go on the real road --
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我们要把这个机器搬到公路上用——
05:54
if we go on the road every four years
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我们每四年上这段路
05:56
we can double the surface life of this road,
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路面的寿命会加倍，
06:00
which of course saves a lot of money.
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当然会省很多钱。
06:02
Well, to conclude, I can say
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所以，结论是
06:04
that we made a material
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我们制造了一种材料
06:07
using steel fibers, the addition of steel fibers,
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使用钢纤维，加了钢纤维
06:11
using induction energy to really
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使用感应能量（induction energy）
06:13
increase the surface life of the road,
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有效的增加了路面的寿命，
06:16
double the surface life you can even do,
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能使路面的寿命加倍，
06:18
so it will really save a lot of money with very simple tricks.
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用这种简单的技巧就会省很多钱。
06:21
And now you're of course curious if it also worked.
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你会好奇是否会有效。
06:25
So we still have the specimen here. It's quite warm.
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我们看这个样品。现在还有点烫。
06:28
Actually, it still has to cool down first
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事实上，我要先让它冷却下来
06:30
before I can show you that the healing works.
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才能向你们展示加热修复是否有效。
06:33
But I will do a trial.
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但是要尝试一下。
06:36
Let's see. Yeah, it worked.
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看，真的，修好了。
06:38
Thank you.
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谢谢！
06:40
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Erik Schlangen - Experimental micromechanics pioneerErik Schlangen is a civil engineer and pioneer of experimental micromechanics, who focuses on making industrial materials more durable.
Why you should listen
Erik Schlangen is a Civil Engineering professor at Delft University of Technology and the Chair of Experimental Micromechanics. His areas of research include durability mechanics and "self-healing" materials, like the asphalt and concrete he and his team have developed that can be repaired with induction. This special asphalt is made with tiny steel wool fibers, which, when heated with induction, extends the life of the material. Currently Schlangen and his team are testing the asphalt on the A58 road near Vilssingen in the Netherlands, with the hope that it can be used in future roads all over the country.
Erik Schlangen | Speaker | TED.com