ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mary Robinson - Global leader
Mary Robinson served as president of Ireland from 1990 to 1997, and as UN High Commissioner for Human Rights from 1997 to 2002. She now leads a foundation devoted to climate justice.

Why you should listen
Mary Robinson is president of the Mary Robinson Foundation: Climate Justice, and the United Nations Secretary-General’s Special Envoy on Climate Change. She was the president of Ireland from 1990-1997 and UN High Commissioner for Human Rights from 1997-2002, and is now a member of The Elders and the Club of Madrid. She is also a member of the Lead Group of the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Movement. In 2009, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Barack Obama, and between March 2013 and August 2014 she served as the UN Secretary General’s Special Envoy for the Great Lakes region of Africa.

A former president of the International Commission of Jurists and former chair of the Council of Women World Leaders, Robinson was founder and president of Realizing Rights: The Ethical Globalization Initiative, from 2002 to 2010. Robinson’s memoir, Everybody Matters, was published in 2012.
More profile about the speaker
Mary Robinson | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2015

Mary Robinson: Why climate change is a threat to human rights

玛丽·罗宾逊: 为什么气候变化对人权是个威胁?

Filmed:
1,378,632 views

气候变化是不公平的。虽然发达国家可以对抗不断上升的海平面和退化的农田,但世界各地穷人的生活已经被颠覆--他们的人权受到威胁--受到风暴,饥饿和丢失农田的威胁。玛丽·罗宾逊呼吁我们参与到全球气候正义的运动中来。
- Global leader
Mary Robinson served as president of Ireland from 1990 to 1997, and as UN High Commissioner for Human Rights from 1997 to 2002. She now leads a foundation devoted to climate justice. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:19
A question I'm often经常 asked is,
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我经常被问到的一个问题是,
00:21
where did I get my passion
for human人的 rights权利 and justice正义?
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我为什么热衷于人权和公正问题?
00:26
It started开始 early.
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这和我早期经历有关。
00:28
I grew成长 up in the west西 of Ireland爱尔兰,
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我成长在爱尔兰的西部,
00:30
wedged楔形 between之间 four brothers兄弟,
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有4个兄弟,
00:32
two older旧的 than me and two younger更年轻 than me.
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两个哥哥和两个弟弟。
00:35
So of course课程 I had to be
interested有兴趣 in human人的 rights权利,
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所以我当然对人权,
00:38
and equality平等 and justice正义,
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平等, 公正,
00:41
and using运用 my elbows肘部!
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和使用拳头感兴趣。
00:43
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
00:45
And those issues问题 stayed
with me and guided引导 me,
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这些问题一直伴随着我,引导我。
00:48
and in particular特定,
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特别是
00:49
when I was elected当选 the first
woman女人 President主席 of Ireland爱尔兰,
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当我被选为爱尔兰第一位女总统的时候,
00:54
from 1990 to 1997.
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(从1990年到1997年)
00:57
I dedicated专用 my presidency总统任期
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在我的任期内,
01:00
to having a space空间 for those who felt
marginalized边缘化 on the island of Ireland爱尔兰,
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我关注那些觉得在爱尔兰岛上
被边缘化的人们,致力于给他们一个空间
01:05
and bringing使 together一起 communities社区
from Northern北方 Ireland爱尔兰
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并且把北爱尔兰的人们
01:08
with those from the Republic共和国,
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和爱尔兰共和国的人们集合到一起,
01:10
trying to build建立 peace和平.
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力求建立和平。
01:12
And I went as the first Irish爱尔兰的 president主席
to the United联合的 Kingdom王国
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我是第一位拜访英国(United Kingdom)
01:17
and met会见 with Queen女王 Elizabeth伊丽莎白 IIII,
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并会见了女王伊丽莎白二世的
爱尔兰总统,
01:20
and also welcomed欢迎 to my
official官方 residence住宅 --
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一些人还被邀请到我的官邸--
01:24
which哪一个 we call "ÁrasRAS an UachtarUachtaráin,"
the house of the president主席 --
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我们称之为“Áras an Uachtaráin”总统府--
01:28
members会员 of the royal王室的 family家庭,
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一些皇室成员
01:30
including包含, notably特别是, the Prince王子 of Wales威尔士.
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尤其还包括威尔士亲王。
01:33
And I was aware知道的 that at the time
of my presidency总统任期,
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我意识到在我的任期内,
01:40
Ireland爱尔兰 was a country国家 beginning开始
a rapid快速 economic经济 progress进展.
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爱尔兰是一个经济快速发展的国家。
01:45
We were a country国家 that was benefiting受益
from the solidarity团结 of the European欧洲的 Union联盟.
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我们的国家受益于欧盟的团结。
01:53
Indeed确实, when Ireland爱尔兰 first joined加盟
the European欧洲的 Union联盟 in 1973,
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事实上,当爱尔兰在1973年
第一次加入欧盟的时候,
01:58
there were parts部分 of the country国家
that were considered考虑 developing发展,
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这里的一些地区还被视为发展中地区,
02:02
including包含 my own拥有 beloved心爱
native本地人 county, County Mayo梅奥.
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包括我心爱的家乡梅奥郡。
02:06
I led trade贸易 delegations代表团
here to the United联合的 States状态,
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我带领贸易代表团去美国,
02:10
to Japan日本, to India印度,
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去日本,去印度,
02:13
to encourage鼓励 investment投资,
to help to create创建 jobs工作,
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鼓励投资,创造就业,
02:17
to build建立 up our economy经济,
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建立我们的经济。
02:18
to build建立 up our health健康 system系统,
our education教育 --
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建立我们的卫生系统和我们的教育--
02:20
our development发展.
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促进我们的发展。
02:22
What I didn't have to do as president主席
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在当时,作为总统的我不必做的事情是
02:26
was buy购买 land土地 on mainland大陆 Europe欧洲,
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在欧洲大陆上买土地,
02:30
so that Irish爱尔兰的 citizens公民 could go there
because our island was going underwater水下.
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不必担心爱尔兰岛被淹没,
让我的人民迁移到另外的土地上。
02:37
What I didn't have to think about,
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不管我是作为一个总统
02:39
either as president主席
or as a constitutional构成 lawyer律师,
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还是作为一个宪法律师,
02:42
was the implications启示
for the sovereignty主权 of the territory领土
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我都不需要考虑
02:45
because of the impact碰撞 of climate气候 change更改.
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领土主权的问题会受气候变化的影响。
02:49
But that is what President主席 Tong,
of the Republic共和国 of Kiribati基里巴斯,
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但这是基里巴斯共和国总统TONG(汤)
02:54
has to wake唤醒 up every一切 morning早上
thinking思维 about.
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每天早上起床需要思考的问题。
02:57
He has bought land土地 in Fiji
as an insurance保险 policy政策,
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他在斐济买了土地作为一种保险政策,
03:02
what he calls电话, "migration移民 with dignity尊严,"
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这被他称为“有尊严地迁移”。
03:06
because he knows知道 that his people
may可能 have to leave离开 their islands岛屿.
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因为他知道他的人民
必须离开他们的岛屿。
03:12
As I listened听了 to President主席 Tong
describing说明 the situation情况,
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当我听到汤总统描述这个情况,
03:17
I really felt that this was a problem问题
that no leader领导 should have to face面对.
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我真的觉得这是个总统不应该面对的问题。
03:24
And as I heard听说 him speak说话
about the pain疼痛 of his problems问题,
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当我听到他谈起这些问题的痛苦,
03:29
I thought about Eleanor埃莉诺 Roosevelt罗斯福.
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我想到了埃莉诺•罗斯福,
03:33
I thought about her
and those who worked工作 with her
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想到她以及那些
曾经与她一起在人权委员会工作的人,
03:38
on the Commission佣金 on Human人的 Rights,
which哪一个 she chaired主持 in 1948,
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她在1948年担任人权委员会的主席,
03:43
and drew德鲁 up the Universal普遍
Declaration宣言 of Human人的 Rights.
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并起草了《世界人权宣言》。
03:48
For them, it would have been unimaginable不可思议
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对于他们来说,难以想象的是
03:51
that a whole整个 country国家
could go out of existence存在
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整个国家可能因为人类活动
03:56
because of human-induced人类活动引起的 climate气候 change更改.
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导致的气候变化而消失,
03:59
I came来了 to climate气候 change更改 not as
a scientist科学家 or an environmental环境的 lawyer律师,
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我来关注气候变化,
不是因为我是一名科学家或环境法律师,
04:04
and I wasn't really impressed印象深刻
by the images图片 of polar极性 bears
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我对北极熊或冰川融化的景象也没有
04:08
or melting融化 glaciers冰川.
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特别深刻的印象。
04:10
It was because of the impact碰撞 on people,
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我来这里是因为它影响了人,
04:14
and the impact碰撞 on their rights权利 --
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影响了人们的权利---
04:17
their rights权利 to food餐饮 and safe安全 water,
health健康, education教育 and shelter庇护.
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对享有食物,安全用水,健康,教育
和避难所的权利。
04:22
And I say this with humility谦逊,
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我现在谦卑地说这些,
04:26
because I came来了 late晚了
to the issue问题 of climate气候 change更改.
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是因为在关注气候变化问题上我来晚了。
04:30
When I served提供服务
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当我作为
04:32
as UN联合国 High Commissioner专员 for Human人的 Rights
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联合国人权事务高级专员的时候,
04:34
from 1997 to 2002,
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(从1997到2002年)
04:37
climate气候 change更改 wasn't
at the front面前 of my mind心神.
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气候变化不是我首要考虑的问题。
04:39
I don't remember记得 making制造
a single speech言语 on climate气候 change更改.
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我不记得
我曾做过专门关于气候变化的演讲。
04:43
I knew知道 that there was another另一个
part部分 of the United联合的 Nations国家 --
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我知道联合国有另外的机构---
04:46
the UN联合国 Convention惯例 on Climate气候 Change更改 --
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联合国气候变化大会
04:49
that was dealing交易 with
the issue问题 of climate气候 change更改.
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负责气候变化的事情
04:52
It was later后来 when I started开始
to work in African非洲人 countries国家
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后来当我开始在非洲国家
04:57
on issues问题 of development发展 and human人的 rights权利.
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进行国家发展和人权方面的工作,
05:00
And I kept不停 hearing听力
this pervasive无处不在 sentence句子:
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我总是听到这样的话:
05:03
"Oh, but things are so much worse更差 now,
things are so much worse更差."
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“哦,但现在严重多了,情况严重多了”。
05:08
And then I explored探讨 what was behind背后 that;
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然后我开始探索这背后意味着什么;
05:11
it was about changes变化 in the climate气候 --
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这是关于气候变化的问题---
05:15
climate气候 shocks震荡, changes变化 in the weather天气.
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气候巨变,以及天气的变化。
05:18
I met会见 Constance康斯坦斯 OkolletOkollet,
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在那里我遇到Constance Okollet,
05:20
who had formed形成 a women's女士的 group
in Eastern Uganda乌干达,
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她在乌干达东部建立了一个妇女组织,
05:24
and she told me that
when she was growing生长 up,
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她告诉我,她小时候
05:26
she had a very normal正常 life in her village
and they didn't go hungry饥饿,
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过着非常普通的乡村生活,
他们不会挨饿,
05:31
they knew知道 that the seasons季节 would come
as they were predicted预料到的 to come,
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当特定的季节到来时他们可以预测到,
05:36
they knew知道 when to sow母猪
and they knew知道 when to harvest收成,
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他们知道何时播种何时收获,
05:39
and so they had enough足够 food餐饮.
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所以他们有充足的食物。
05:42
But, in recent最近 years年份,
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但是,近年来,
05:44
at the time of this conversation会话,
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就在我们谈话的当时,
05:46
they had nothing
but long periods of drought干旱,
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她们一无所有,只有长时间的干旱,
05:49
and then flash flooding洪水,
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接着洪水,
05:51
and then more drought干旱.
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然后更多的干旱。
05:53
The school学校 had been destroyed销毁,
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学校被摧毁,
05:54
livelihoods生计 had been destroyed销毁,
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生计被摧毁,
05:56
their harvest收成 had been destroyed销毁.
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他们的收获被摧毁。
05:58
She forms形式 this women's女士的 group
to try to keep her community社区 together一起.
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她建立这个妇女组织
是为了让她的社区团结起来。
06:03
And this was a reality现实
that really struck来袭 me,
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这件事真的打动了我,
06:08
because of course课程,
Constance康斯坦斯 OkolletOkollet wasn't responsible主管
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因为Constance Okollet不该
06:12
for the greenhouse温室 gas加油站 emissions排放
that were causing造成 this problem问题.
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为温室气体排放问题负责。
06:16
Indeed确实, I was very struck来袭
about the situation情况 in Malawi马拉维
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还有让我痛心的是今年一月
06:20
in January一月 of this year.
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在马拉维发生的情况。
06:22
There was an unprecedented史无前例
flooding洪水 in the country国家,
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那里发生了前所未有的洪水,
06:26
it covered覆盖 about a third第三 of the country国家,
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大约三分之一的国家被淹没,
06:28
over 300 people were killed杀害,
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超过300人死亡,
06:30
and hundreds数以百计 of thousands数千
lost丢失 their livelihoods生计.
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成千上万的人丢失了生计。
06:34
And the average平均 person in Malawi马拉维
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马拉维的人均二氧化碳年排放量
06:37
emits发射 about 80 kg公斤 of COCO2 a year.
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是80千克,
06:43
The average平均 US citizen公民 emits发射
about 17.5 metric tons.
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而美国的人均二氧化碳年排放量
是17.5吨。
06:49
So those who are suffering痛苦
disproportionately不成比例
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正在遭受苦难的那些人
06:52
don't drive驾驶 cars汽车, don't have electricity电力,
don't consume消耗 very significantly显著,
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不开车,不用电,不过度消费,
06:59
and yet然而 they are feeling感觉 more and more
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却受到越来越多
07:02
the impacts影响 of the changes变化 in the climate气候,
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气候变化的影响,
07:07
the changes变化 that are preventing防止 them
from knowing会心 how to grow增长 food餐饮 properly正确,
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这些变化让他们
不知道如何恰当地种植粮食,
07:11
and knowing会心 how
to look after their future未来.
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不知如何照顾他们的未来。
07:15
I think it was really
the importance重要性 of the injustice不公正
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我想这真的非常不公正,
07:23
that really struck来袭 me very forcibly强制.
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强烈地打击了我。
07:26
And I know that we're not able能够
to address地址 some of that injustice不公正
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我知道我们没办法解决一些不公正,
07:33
because we're not on course课程
for a safe安全 world世界.
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因为我们没有在走向一个安全的世界。
07:36
Governments政府 around the world世界 agreed同意
at the conference会议 in Copenhagen哥本哈根,
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世界各国政府在哥本哈根举行的会议上
达成共识,
07:43
and have repeated重复 it
at every一切 conference会议 on climate气候,
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并在每次气候大会上都重复的事情是:
07:46
that we have to stay
below下面 two degrees Celsius摄氏
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比起前工业时期的标准,
07:50
of warming变暖 above以上 pre-Industrial前工业 standards标准.
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全球变暖必须控制在2摄氏度以内,
07:53
But we're on course课程
for about four degrees.
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但是全球变暖正接近于大约4摄氏度。
07:56
So we face面对 an existential存在 threat威胁
to the future未来 of our planet行星.
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所以我们星球的未来面临着生存的威胁。
08:01
And that made制作 me realize实现
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这使我意识到
08:03
that climate气候 change更改 is the greatest最大 threat威胁
to human人的 rights权利 in the 21stST century世纪.
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在21世纪气候变化是对人权的最大威胁。
08:09
And that brought me then
to climate气候 justice正义.
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这使得我开始关注气候公正。
08:13
Climate气候 justice正义 responds响应
to the moral道德 argument论据 --
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气候公正涉及到道德论证--
08:17
both sides双方 of the moral道德 argument论据 --
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包括道德论证的双方--
08:19
to address地址 climate气候 change更改.
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应该如何应对气候变化问题。
08:21
First of all,
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首先,
08:23
to be on the side of those who are
suffering痛苦 most and are most effected影响.
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我们需要站在那些遭受最多痛苦,
受影响最多的人们的一边。
08:27
And secondly其次,
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其次,
08:28
to make sure that they're not left behind背后
again, when we start开始 to move移动
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当我们开始行动的时候要确保他们不再被落下,
08:33
and start开始 to address地址 climate气候 change更改
with climate气候 action行动,
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我们要开始行动应对气候变化,
08:36
as we are doing.
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正如我们正在做的那样。
08:39
In our very unequal不等 world世界 today今天,
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在今天这个非常不平等的世界,
08:42
it's very striking引人注目 how many许多
people are left behind背后.
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被落下的人多得让人震惊。
08:46
In our world世界 of 7.2 billion十亿 people,
about 3 billion十亿 are left behind背后.
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世界上一共72亿人,大约30亿人被落下。
08:53
1.3 billion十亿 don't have access访问
to electricity电力,
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13亿人用不了电,
08:57
and they light their homes家园
with kerosene煤油 and candles蜡烛,
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他们用煤油和蜡烛照明,
09:01
both of which哪一个 are dangerous危险.
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这是非常危险的。
09:02
And in fact事实 they spend a lot of their
tiny income收入 on that form形成 of lighting灯光.
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事实上,他们已经用了微少收入的
很大一部分来照明。
09:09
2.6 billion十亿 people cook厨师 on open打开 fires火灾 --
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26亿人还在使用由煤、木头或动物粪便
09:13
on coal煤炭, wood and animal动物 dung.
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产生的明火做饭,
09:17
And this causes原因
about 4 million百万 deaths死亡 a year
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这导致每年400万人
09:22
from indoor室内 smoke抽烟 inhalation吸入,
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死于室内烟雾吸入,
09:24
and of course课程, most of those
who die are women妇女.
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当然,其中大部分是女性。
09:28
So we have a very unequal不等 world世界,
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所以这是一个非常不平等的世界,
09:33
and we need to change更改
from "business商业 as usual通常."
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我们需要改变。
09:39
And we shouldn't不能 underestimate低估
the scale规模 and the transformative变革 nature性质
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我们不应低估需要改变的程度,
09:45
of the change更改 which哪一个 will be needed需要,
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需要改变的方式,
09:47
because we have to go to zero
carbon emissions排放 by about 2050,
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因为我们
必须在2050年之前实现碳的零排放。
09:54
if we're going to stay below下面
two degrees Celsius摄氏 of warming变暖.
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才能把全球变暖控制在2度以内,
09:58
And that means手段 we have to leave离开
about two-thirds三分之二 of the known已知 resources资源
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这意味着我们必须不再使用
10:04
of fossil化石 fuels燃料 in the ground地面.
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2/3已知的地下化石燃料资源。
10:06
It's a very big change更改,
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这是一个非常大的变化,
10:08
and it means手段 that obviously明显,
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这意味着
10:10
industrialized工业化 countries国家
must必须 cut their emissions排放,
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发达国家必须削减排放,
10:13
must必须 become成为 much more energy-efficient高效节能,
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必须更加节能,
10:15
and must必须 move移动 as quickly很快 as possible可能
to renewable可再生 energy能源.
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必须尽快使用可再生能源。
10:20
For developing发展 countries国家
and emerging新兴 economies经济,
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对于发展中国家和新兴经济体,
10:24
the problem问题 and the challenge挑战
is to grow增长 without emissions排放,
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它们的问题和挑战是
如何在不排放的情况下获得发展,
10:29
because they must必须 develop发展;
they have very poor较差的 populations人群.
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因为他们必须发展,
他们还有很多贫困人口。
10:32
So they must必须 develop发展 without emissions排放,
and that is a different不同 kind of problem问题.
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所以他们必须在不排放的情况下发展,
这是另外一个不同的问题。
10:38
Indeed确实, no country国家 in the world世界
has actually其实 grown长大的 without emissions排放.
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确实,世界上没有一个国家
可以真正实现零排放发展。
10:44
All the countries国家 have developed发达
with fossil化石 fuels燃料,
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所有国家都通过使用化石燃料发展,
10:46
and then may可能 be moving移动
to renewable可再生 energy能源.
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然后可能再转向可再生能源。
10:48
So it is a very big challenge挑战,
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所以这是一个非常大的挑战,
10:51
and it requires要求 the total support支持
of the international国际 community社区,
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它需要国际社会的全力支持,
10:55
with the necessary必要 finance金融 and technology技术,
and systems系统 and support支持,
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必要的财务支持,技术支持,系统支持。
11:00
because no country国家 can make itself本身 safe安全
from the dangers危险 of climate气候 change更改.
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因为没有国家
可以逃脱气候变化带来的危险。
11:08
This is an issue问题 that requires要求
complete完成 human人的 solidarity团结.
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解决这个问题需要全人类团结起来。
11:13
Human人的 solidarity团结, if you like,
based基于 on self-interest自我利益 --
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让我们团结起来,如果你愿意,
可以基于自身利益--
11:16
because we are all in this together一起,
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因为我们是一起的,
11:18
and we have to work together一起
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我们必须一起努力
11:20
to ensure确保 that we reach达到
zero carbon by 2050.
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以确保在2015年前实现碳的零排放。
11:26
The good news新闻 is that change更改 is happening事件,
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好消息是改变正在发生,
11:29
and it's happening事件 very fast快速.
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并且发生得非常快。
11:32
Here in California加州,
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在加州这里,
11:33
there's a very ambitious有雄心
emissions排放 target目标 to cut emissions排放.
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有一个非常雄心勃勃的削减排放的目标。
11:37
In Hawaii夏威夷, they're passing通过 legislation立法
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在夏威夷,他们通过了一个法案,
11:40
to have 100 percent百分
renewable可再生 energy能源 by 2045.
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在2045年之前
夏威夷将100%使用可再生能源。
11:45
And governments政府 are very ambitious有雄心
around the world世界.
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各国政府志在必得。
11:49
In Costa哥斯达黎加 Rica哥斯达黎加, they have committed提交
to being存在 carbon-neutral碳中和 by 2021.
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在哥斯达黎加,
人们致力于在2021年前实现碳中和。
11:55
In Ethiopia埃塞俄比亚, the commitment承诺
is to be carbon-neutral碳中和 by 2027.
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在埃塞尔比亚,
人们承诺在2027年前实现碳中和。
12:01
Apple苹果 have pledged承诺 that their factories工厂
in China中国 will use renewable可再生 energy能源.
188
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苹果承诺
他们在中国的工厂将使用可再生能源。
12:08
And there is a race种族 on at the moment时刻
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同时,正在进行还有
12:11
to convert兑换 electricity电力
from tidal潮汐 and wave power功率,
190
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3937
利用潮汐和波浪发电的项目,
12:15
in order订购 that we can leave离开
the coal煤炭 in the ground地面.
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目标是让我们不再使用地下的煤。
12:19
And that change更改 is both welcome欢迎
and is happening事件 very rapidly急速.
192
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这些改变是受欢迎的并且在迅速发生。
12:24
But it's still not enough足够,
193
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但这些还不够,
12:25
and the political政治 will
is still not enough足够.
194
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政治决心还不够。
12:28
Let me come back to President主席 Tong
and his people in Kiribati基里巴斯.
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让我们再看回
汤总统和他在基里巴斯的人民。
12:34
They actually其实 could be able能够 to live生活
on their island and have a solution,
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实际上有一个解决方案
可以让他们继续住在岛上,
12:40
but it would take a lot of political政治 will.
197
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但这需要强大的政治决心。
12:43
President主席 Tong told me
about his ambitious有雄心 idea理念
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汤告诉我,他的想法是
12:47
to either build建立 up or even float浮动
the little islands岛屿 where his people live生活.
199
755772
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建立一座岛屿甚至是使一座岛屿漂浮,
这样他的人民就可以住在上面。
12:55
This, of course课程, is beyond
the resources资源 of Kiribati基里巴斯 itself本身.
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当然,这超出了基里巴斯
本身的能力和拥有的资源。
12:59
It would require要求 great solidarity团结
and support支持 from other countries国家,
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它需要其他国家的团结和大力支持,
13:03
and it would require要求
the kind of imaginative想像的 idea理念
202
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就像我们要在太空建立空间站的时候,
13:07
that we bring带来 together一起 when we want
to have a space空间 station in the air空气.
203
775426
4553
我们需要联合起来
制定出一个富有想象力的方案。
13:12
But wouldn't不会 it be wonderful精彩
to have this engineering工程 wonder奇迹
204
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但那将是一件极好的事情,
如果这个工程奇迹
13:17
and to allow允许 a people to remain
in their sovereign君主 territory领土,
205
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3533
可以让那里的人们
继续住在他们的领土里,
13:20
and be part部分 of the community社区 of nations国家?
206
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3119
并且成为国际社会的一部分。
13:24
That is the kind of idea理念
that we should be thinking思维 about.
207
792015
4783
那是我们需要思考的问题。
13:29
Yes, the challenges挑战
of the transformation转型 we need are big,
208
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是的,改变的挑战是巨大的,
13:34
but they can be solved解决了.
209
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2548
但它们是可以解决的。
13:37
We are actually其实, as a people,
210
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2031
实际上,我们人类,
13:39
very capable of coming未来 together一起
to solve解决 problems问题.
211
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3294
可以团结起来去解决问题。
13:42
I was very conscious意识 of this
as I took part部分 this year
212
810806
3634
我清醒地意识到这一点,
尤其是今年我参加
13:46
in commemoration纪念活动 of the 70th anniversary周年
213
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3757
世界反法西斯战争胜利
13:50
of the end结束 of the Second第二
World世界 War战争 in 1945.
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70周年纪念活动的时候。
13:55
1945 was an extraordinary非凡 year.
215
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2601
1945年是不平凡的一年。
13:59
It was a year when the world世界 faced面对
216
827367
2606
那一年全世界必须面对
14:01
what must必须 have seemed似乎 almost几乎
insoluble不溶性 problems问题 --
217
829997
3527
许多棘手的问题--
14:05
the devastation毁坏 of the world世界 wars战争,
particularly尤其 the Second第二 World世界 War战争;
218
833548
4549
世界大战尤其是第二次世界大战
造成的破坏,
14:10
the fragile脆弱 peace和平 that had
been brought about;
219
838121
3207
脆弱的和平局势,
14:13
the need for a whole整个
economic经济 regeneration再生.
220
841352
2634
整个经济需要复苏。
14:16
But the leaders领导者 of that time
didn't flinch退缩 from this.
221
844643
4225
但当时的领导人并没有退缩。
14:20
They had the capacity容量, they had
a sense of being存在 driven驱动 by
222
848892
4330
他们有能力,有信心,
14:25
never again must必须 the world世界
have this kind of problem问题.
223
853246
4051
让世界不再遭受这类问题。
14:29
And they had to build建立 structures结构
for peace和平 and security安全.
224
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3716
他们必须为世界的和平和安全建立架构。
14:33
And what did we get?
What did they achieve实现?
225
861061
3461
我们从中获得了什么?他们实现了什么?
14:36
The Charter宪章 of the United联合的 Nations国家,
226
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2619
联合国宪章,
14:39
the Bretton布雷顿森林 Woods树木 institutions机构,
as they're called, The World世界 Bank银行,
227
867189
3551
布列敦森林机构,或者他们说的世界银行
14:42
and the International国际 Monetary货币 Fund基金.
228
870764
2437
和国际货币基金组织。
14:45
A Marshall马歇尔 Plan计划 for Europe欧洲,
a devastated满目疮痍 Europe欧洲,
229
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3374
以及为了重建欧洲而制定的
14:48
to reconstruct重建 it.
230
876623
1922
马歇尔计划。
14:50
And indeed确实 a few少数 years年份 later后来,
231
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当然还有几年之后发布的
14:52
the Universal普遍 Declaration宣言 of Human人的 Rights.
232
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《世界人权宣言》。
14:56
2015 is a year that is similar类似
in its importance重要性
233
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5614
2015年是和1945年类似的一年,
15:02
to 1945, with similar类似 challenges挑战
and similar类似 potential潜在.
234
890002
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类似的挑战和类似的可能性。
15:07
There will be two big summits峰会 this year:
235
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3023
今年将有2个大的峰会:
15:10
the first one, in September九月 in New York纽约,
236
898424
2779
一个将于9月份在纽约举行,
15:13
is the summit首脑 for the sustainable可持续发展
development发展 goals目标.
237
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3285
这是关于可持续发展的峰会。
15:17
And then the summit首脑 in Paris巴黎 in December十二月,
to give us a climate气候 agreement协议.
238
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另一个将于11月在巴黎举行,
气候协议将在这个峰会上达成。
15:23
The sustainable可持续发展 development发展 goals目标
are intended to help countries国家
239
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可持续发展目标旨在帮助各国
15:29
to live生活 sustainably可持续,
in tune with Mother母亲 Earth地球,
240
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4110
进行可持续发展,和地球母亲和谐共处,
15:33
not to take out of Mother母亲 Earth地球
and destroy破坏 ecosystems生态系统,
241
921850
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不忽视地球母亲,不破坏生态系统。
15:39
but rather, to live生活 in harmony和谐
with Mother母亲 Earth地球,
242
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3614
更确切地说,通过可持续发展的生活方式
15:42
by living活的 under sustainable可持续发展 development发展.
243
930838
3829
和地球母亲和谐共处。
15:46
And the sustainable可持续发展 development发展 goals目标
244
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这个可持续发展目标
15:49
will come into operation手术 for all countries国家
245
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将从2016年1月1日开始
15:51
on January一月 1, 2016.
246
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2872
在世界各国实施。
15:54
The climate气候 agreement协议 --
247
942814
1177
而气候协议--
15:56
a binding捆绑 climate气候 agreement协议 --
248
944015
1516
是对各国有约束力的协议--
15:57
is needed需要 because
of the scientific科学 evidence证据
249
945555
3664
这是非常有必要的,
因为有科学证据表明,
16:01
that we're on a trajectory弹道
for about a four-degree四度 world世界
250
949243
2917
我们的全球变暖正接近4摄氏度,
16:04
and we have to change更改 course课程
to stay below下面 two degrees.
251
952184
3488
而我们必须将其控制在2度以内。
16:08
So we need to take steps脚步
that will be monitored监控 and reviewed回顾,
252
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5524
所以我们需要采取
可以监控和审查的措施,
16:13
so that we can keep increasing增加
the ambition志向 of how we cut emissions排放,
253
961581
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增强减少排放的决心,
16:18
and how we move移动 more rapidly急速
to renewable可再生 energy能源,
254
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增强尽快使用可再生能源的决心,
16:21
so that we have a safe安全 world世界.
255
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这样我们才会有一个安全的世界。
16:27
The reality现实 is that this issue问题
is much too important重要
256
975665
6183
事实上,这个问题太重要了,
16:33
to be left to politicians政治家
and to the United联合的 Nations国家.
257
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3563
不能把它留给政客或联合国决定。
16:37
(Laughter笑声)
258
985459
1001
(笑声)
16:38
It's an issue问题 for all of us,
259
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1578
这是我们所有人的问题,
16:40
and it's an issue问题 where we need
more and more momentum动量.
260
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3964
我们需要更多的动力去应对它。
16:44
Indeed确实, the face面对 of
the environmentalist环保人士 has changed,
261
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3485
这已不仅仅是环保人士的问题,
16:48
because of the justice正义 dimension尺寸.
262
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2309
因为它已涉及到公正维度。
16:50
It's now an issue问题
for faith-based诚信为本 organizations组织,
263
998753
3220
现在,它还是一个
罗马教皇弗朗西斯领导的
16:53
under very good leadership领导
from Pope教皇 Francis弗朗西斯,
264
1001997
3172
宗教组织的问题。
16:57
and indeed确实, the Church教会 of England英国,
265
1005193
1772
英国的教会
16:58
which哪一个 is divesting剥离 from fossil化石 fuels燃料.
266
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2443
确实已经不再使用化石燃料。
17:01
It's an issue问题 for the business商业 community社区,
267
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3758
这还是一个商界的问题,
17:05
and the good news新闻 is
268
1013238
1404
好消息是
17:06
that the business商业 community社区
is changing改变 very rapidly急速 --
269
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2910
商界的改变非常迅速--
17:09
except for the fossil化石 fuel汽油 industries行业 --
270
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2185
除了化石燃料行业外。
17:11
(Laughter笑声)
271
1019809
1595
(笑声)
17:13
Even they are beginning开始
to slightly change更改 their language语言 --
272
1021428
3296
他们正在开始一点点地改变他们的说法和做法,
17:16
but only slightly.
273
1024748
981
虽然只是一点点,
17:17
But business商业 is not only moving移动 rapidly急速
to the benefits好处 of renewable可再生 energy能源,
274
1025753
4691
但是商业不仅能迅速推动
可再生能源的好处,
17:22
but is urging politicians政治家
to give them more signals信号,
275
1030468
2723
而且还推动政客们给他们更多的信号,
17:25
so that they can move移动 even more rapidly急速.
276
1033215
1975
这样他们可以改变得更快一些。
17:27
It's an issue问题 for the trade贸易
union联盟 movement运动.
277
1035214
2001
这是一个贸易联盟运动的问题,
17:29
It's an issue问题 for the women's女士的 movement运动.
278
1037239
2023
一个妇女运动的问题,
17:31
It's an issue问题 for young年轻 people.
279
1039286
2078
一个年轻人们的问题。
17:33
I was very struck来袭 when I learned学到了
that JibreelJibreel Khazan的Khazan,
280
1041388
5802
Jibreel Khazan说的一句话触动了我,
17:39
one of the Greensboro格林斯博罗 Four who had
taken采取 part部分 in the Woolworth伍尔沃斯 sit-ins静坐,
281
1047214
5644
他是参加1960年格林斯伯勒伍尔沃斯店
静坐抗议活动的4个成员中的一员。
17:44
said quite相当 recently最近 that
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1052882
1514
他说,
17:46
climate气候 change更改 is the lunch午餐 counter计数器
moment时刻 for young年轻 people.
283
1054420
6002
气候变化是
当下年轻人的“午餐柜台时刻”。
17:52
So, lunch午餐 counter计数器 moment时刻
for young年轻 people of the 21stST century世纪 --
284
1060446
4288
所以,这是21世纪年轻人的“午餐柜台时刻”--
17:56
the sort分类 of real真实 human人的 rights权利 issue问题
of the 21stST century世纪,
285
1064758
4341
21世纪真正的人权问题,
18:01
because he said it is
the greatest最大 challenge挑战
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1069123
2770
因为他说气候变化是
18:03
to humanity人性 and justice正义 in our world世界.
287
1071917
3592
对当今世界人权和公正的最大挑战。
18:08
I recall召回 very much
the Climate气候 March游行 last September九月,
288
1076391
4106
我清楚地记得去年9月的气候示威游行,
18:12
and that was a huge巨大 momentum动量,
289
1080521
1801
那是一个非常大的运动,
18:14
not just in New York纽约,
but all around the world世界.
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1082346
2962
不仅在纽约,全世界都在参与,
18:17
and we have to build建立 on that.
291
1085332
2270
我们必须进行这样的游行。
18:19
I was marching行军 with some
of The Elders长老 family家庭,
292
1087626
3111
我跟着一些老年人家庭游行的时候,
18:22
and I saw a placard标语牌
a little bit away from me,
293
1090761
5027
看到一个靠近我的标语牌,
18:27
but we were wedged楔形 so closely密切 together一起 --
294
1095812
1954
但是我们被人群挤开--
18:29
because after all, there were 400,000
people out in the streets街道 of New York纽约 --
295
1097790
3675
毕竟,在纽约街道那里有40万人--
18:33
so I couldn't不能 quite相当 get to that placard标语牌,
296
1101489
1913
所以我不能完全靠近到那个标语牌。
18:35
I would have just liked喜欢 to have been
able能够 to step behind背后 it,
297
1103426
3081
我只是希望能跟随它前进,
18:38
because it said, "Angry愤怒 Grannies老奶奶!"
298
1106531
2446
因为它上面写着:“愤怒的奶奶!”
18:41
(Laughter笑声)
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1109001
1323
(笑声)
18:42
That's what I felt.
300
1110348
1454
这正是我现在的感受。
18:43
And I have five grandchildren孙子 now,
301
1111826
3973
我现在有五个孙儿,
18:47
I feel very happy快乐 as an Irish爱尔兰的 grandmother祖母
to have five grandchildren孙子,
302
1115823
4288
我非常开心我是
一个有5个孙儿的爱尔兰祖母,
18:52
and I think about their world世界,
303
1120135
3043
并且我在考虑他们的世界。
18:55
and what it will be
like when they will share分享 that world世界
304
1123202
3161
到2050年他们将和其他的90亿人
18:58
with about 9 billion十亿 other people in 2050.
305
1126387
4046
生活在怎样的世界里。
19:03
We know that inevitably必将 it will
be a climate-constrained气候受限 world世界,
306
1131574
4655
我知道,不可避免地,
未来的世界将是气候约束的世界。
19:08
because of the emissions排放
we've我们已经 already已经 put up there,
307
1136253
2849
因为我们今天产生的排放,
19:11
but it could be a world世界 that is much
more equal等于 and much fairer更公平,
308
1139126
5397
但它也可以是一个比现在这个世界
19:16
and much better for health健康,
and better for jobs工作
309
1144547
2582
更平等,更公平,
19:19
and better for energy能源 security安全,
310
1147153
1972
更健康,能更好工作,
19:21
than the world世界 we have now,
311
1149149
1827
能源更安全的世界。
19:23
if we have switched交换的 sufficiently充分地
and early enough足够 to renewable可再生 energy能源,
312
1151000
7000
如果我们能有效地转变,
并尽早使用可再生能源,
19:30
and no one is left behind背后.
313
1158222
2432
不落下任何人。
19:32
No one is left behind背后.
314
1160678
2395
那么就没有人会被落下。
19:35
And just as we've我们已经 been
looking back this year --
315
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3580
正如我们今年的回顾--
19:39
in 2015 to 1945, looking back 70 years年份 --
316
1167340
5507
从2015年回顾到1945年,回顾70年--
19:44
I would like to think
that they will look back,
317
1172871
2564
我想我们的后代也会回顾,
19:47
that world世界 will look back
35 years年份 from 2050,
318
1175459
4849
他们在2050年会回顾之前的35年,
19:52
35 years年份 to 2015,
319
1180332
2874
回顾35年前的2015年
19:55
and that they will say,
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1183230
2818
他们会说:
19:58
"Weren't they good
to do what they did in 2015?
321
1186072
4107
“我们的前辈在2015年不是做得很好吗?
20:02
We really appreciate欣赏 that they took
the decisions决定 that made制作 a difference区别,
322
1190203
5475
我们真的很感激他们在当时做的决策,
这改变了我们的未来,
20:07
and that put the world世界
on the right pathway,
323
1195702
2938
把世界引向了正确的道路,
20:10
and we benefit效益 now from that pathway,"
324
1198664
2706
并使我们现在得益于那正确的道路。”
20:13
that they will feel that somehow不知何故
we took our responsibilities责任,
325
1201394
3881
他们会觉得我们尽了我们的责任,
20:17
we did what was doneDONE
in 1945 in similar类似 terms条款,
326
1205299
4159
我们做了和1945年类似的事情,
20:21
we didn't miss小姐 the opportunity机会,
327
1209482
2421
我们没有错过这个机会,
20:23
we lived生活 up to our responsibilities责任.
328
1211927
2182
我们无愧于我们的责任。
20:26
That's what this year is about.
329
1214133
3172
这就是今年要做的。
20:29
And somehow不知何故 for me,
330
1217688
1350
对我而言,
20:31
it's captured捕获 in words of somebody
that I admired尊敬的 very much.
331
1219062
4294
一个我非常钦佩的人的话语打动了我。
20:35
She was a mentor导师 of mine,
she was a friend朋友,
332
1223380
2333
她是我的导师,一个朋友,
20:37
she died死亡 much too young年轻,
333
1225737
1948
她死的时候很年轻,
20:39
she was an extraordinary非凡 personality个性,
334
1227709
2005
她是不平凡的人,
20:41
a great champion冠军 of the environment环境:
335
1229738
2484
一个环保卫士:
20:44
Wangari Maathai马塔伊.
336
1232246
1824
旺加里·马塔伊。
20:46
Wangari said once一旦,
337
1234627
2626
她曾说:
20:49
"In the course课程 of history历史,
338
1237277
1954
“在历史的进程中,
20:51
there comes a time
when humanity人性 is called upon
339
1239255
4011
在某一时刻,人类需要
20:55
to shift转移 to a new level水平 of consciousness意识,
340
1243290
4751
进入一个新的意识水平,
21:00
to reach达到 a higher更高 moral道德 ground地面."
341
1248065
3457
达到一个更高的道德立场。”
21:04
And that's what we have to do.
342
1252135
1919
这是我们必须做的。
21:06
We have to reach达到
a new level水平 of consciousness意识,
343
1254078
3288
我们必须进入一个新的意识水平,
21:09
a higher更高 moral道德 ground地面.
344
1257390
1967
达到一个更高的道德立场。
21:11
And we have to do it this year
in those two big summits峰会.
345
1259791
3841
我们必须在今年的两个大峰会上做到这点,
21:16
And that won't惯于 happen发生 unless除非
we have the momentum动量
346
1264108
3598
这需要来自世界各地的人们聚在一起,
21:19
from people around the world世界 who say:
347
1267730
3147
并且说:
21:22
"We want action行动 now,
348
1270901
1520
“我们要现在行动,
21:24
we want to change更改 course课程,
349
1272445
1571
我们要改变,
21:26
we want a safe安全 world世界,
350
1274040
1373
我们要一个安全的世界,
21:27
a safe安全 world世界 for future未来 generations,
351
1275437
2175
一个给后代的安全世界,
21:29
a safe安全 world世界 for our children孩子
and our grandchildren孙子,
352
1277636
2608
一个给我们孩子孙儿的安全世界,
21:32
and we're all in this together一起."
353
1280268
2271
让我们一起共同面对!”
21:34
Thank you.
354
1282563
1160
谢谢
21:35
(Applause掌声)
355
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5245
(掌声)
Translated by cookie fu
Reviewed by Psycho Decoder

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mary Robinson - Global leader
Mary Robinson served as president of Ireland from 1990 to 1997, and as UN High Commissioner for Human Rights from 1997 to 2002. She now leads a foundation devoted to climate justice.

Why you should listen
Mary Robinson is president of the Mary Robinson Foundation: Climate Justice, and the United Nations Secretary-General’s Special Envoy on Climate Change. She was the president of Ireland from 1990-1997 and UN High Commissioner for Human Rights from 1997-2002, and is now a member of The Elders and the Club of Madrid. She is also a member of the Lead Group of the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Movement. In 2009, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Barack Obama, and between March 2013 and August 2014 she served as the UN Secretary General’s Special Envoy for the Great Lakes region of Africa.

A former president of the International Commission of Jurists and former chair of the Council of Women World Leaders, Robinson was founder and president of Realizing Rights: The Ethical Globalization Initiative, from 2002 to 2010. Robinson’s memoir, Everybody Matters, was published in 2012.
More profile about the speaker
Mary Robinson | Speaker | TED.com