ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mary Robinson - Global leader
Mary Robinson served as president of Ireland from 1990 to 1997, and as UN High Commissioner for Human Rights from 1997 to 2002. She now leads a foundation devoted to climate justice.

Why you should listen
Mary Robinson is president of the Mary Robinson Foundation: Climate Justice, and the United Nations Secretary-General’s Special Envoy on Climate Change. She was the president of Ireland from 1990-1997 and UN High Commissioner for Human Rights from 1997-2002, and is now a member of The Elders and the Club of Madrid. She is also a member of the Lead Group of the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Movement. In 2009, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Barack Obama, and between March 2013 and August 2014 she served as the UN Secretary General’s Special Envoy for the Great Lakes region of Africa.

A former president of the International Commission of Jurists and former chair of the Council of Women World Leaders, Robinson was founder and president of Realizing Rights: The Ethical Globalization Initiative, from 2002 to 2010. Robinson’s memoir, Everybody Matters, was published in 2012.
More profile about the speaker
Mary Robinson | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2015

Mary Robinson: Why climate change is a threat to human rights

瑪麗·羅賓遜: 為什麼氣候變遷是人權威脅

Filmed:
1,378,632 views

氣候變遷並不公平。富裕國家有辦法對抗上升的海平面及枯萎的農田,全球窮人卻因為危險的暴風雨、饑荒及失去土地而顛沛流離,人權受威脅。瑪麗·羅賓遜要求我們參與全球氣候正義行動。
- Global leader
Mary Robinson served as president of Ireland from 1990 to 1997, and as UN High Commissioner for Human Rights from 1997 to 2002. She now leads a foundation devoted to climate justice. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:19
A question I'm often經常 asked is,
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別人常問我一個問題,
00:21
where did I get my passion
for human人的 rights權利 and justice正義?
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就是我對人權及正義的
熱情從何而來?
00:26
It started開始 early.
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這從很早就開始了。
00:28
I grew成長 up in the west西 of Ireland愛爾蘭,
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我在西愛爾蘭長大,
00:30
wedged楔形 between之間 four brothers兄弟,
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夾在四個兄弟之間,
00:32
two older舊的 than me and two younger更年輕 than me.
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兩個哥哥、兩個弟弟。
00:35
So of course課程 I had to be
interested有興趣 in human人的 rights權利,
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所以想當然爾我對人權、
00:38
and equality平等 and justice正義,
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平等及正義產生興趣,
00:41
and using運用 my elbows肘部!
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當然還要會用我的手肘!
00:43
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
00:45
And those issues問題 stayed
with me and guided引導 me,
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這些議題隨著我、帶領我成長,
00:48
and in particular特定,
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特別是在
00:49
when I was elected當選 the first
woman女人 President主席 of Ireland愛爾蘭,
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我當選為愛爾蘭第一位女總統,
00:54
from 1990 to 1997.
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任期在 1990 到 1997 年間。
00:57
I dedicated專用 my presidency總統任期
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我在位期間,
01:00
to having a space空間 for those who felt
marginalized邊緣化 on the island of Ireland愛爾蘭,
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致力給予愛爾蘭島上
覺得被邊緣化的人生存空間,
01:05
and bringing使 together一起 communities社區
from Northern北方 Ireland愛爾蘭
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並促使北愛爾蘭社群
01:08
with those from the Republic共和國,
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與共和國社群和解,
01:10
trying to build建立 peace和平.
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試著建立和平。
01:12
And I went as the first Irish愛爾蘭的 president主席
to the United聯合的 Kingdom王國
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我是第一位拜訪英國的
愛爾蘭總統,
01:17
and met會見 with Queen女王 Elizabeth伊麗莎白 IIII,
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會晤女王伊莉莎白二世,
01:20
and also welcomed歡迎 to my
official官方 residence住宅 --
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並在我的官邸──
01:24
which哪一個 we call "ÁrasRAS an UachtarUachtaráin,"
the house of the president主席 --
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我們稱之為「總統的房子」──
01:28
members會員 of the royal王室的 family家庭,
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接待皇室成員,
01:30
including包含, notably特別是, the Prince王子 of Wales威爾士.
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特別包括王儲查爾斯王子。
01:33
And I was aware知道的 that at the time
of my presidency總統任期,
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我知道在我當總統期間,
01:40
Ireland愛爾蘭 was a country國家 beginning開始
a rapid快速 economic經濟 progress進展.
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愛爾蘭的經濟開始快速發展。
01:45
We were a country國家 that was benefiting受益
from the solidarity團結 of the European歐洲的 Union聯盟.
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我們是歐盟團結的受益者。
01:53
Indeed確實, when Ireland愛爾蘭 first joined加盟
the European歐洲的 Union聯盟 in 1973,
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確實,愛爾蘭於 1973 年
首次加入歐盟時,
01:58
there were parts部分 of the country國家
that were considered考慮 developing發展,
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部分地區可說是正在發展,
02:02
including包含 my own擁有 beloved心愛
native本地人 county, County Mayo梅奧.
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包括我心愛的家鄉,梅奧郡。
02:06
I led trade貿易 delegations代表團
here to the United聯合的 States狀態,
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我曾領導商務代表團來訪美國,
02:10
to Japan日本, to India印度,
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還有日本、印度,
02:13
to encourage鼓勵 investment投資,
to help to create創建 jobs工作,
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鼓勵投資、幫助創造就業機會、
02:17
to build建立 up our economy經濟,
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增進經濟發展,
02:18
to build建立 up our health健康 system系統,
our education教育 --
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加強醫療系統、教育──
02:20
our development發展.
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各種發展。
02:22
What I didn't have to do as president主席
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但我身為總統不用做的
02:26
was buy購買 land土地 on mainland大陸 Europe歐洲,
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是去歐洲大陸買塊地,
02:30
so that Irish愛爾蘭的 citizens公民 could go there
because our island was going underwater水下.
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讓愛爾蘭公民去那裡,
因為我們的島就要沉到水裡去了。
02:37
What I didn't have to think about,
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我都不用考慮──
02:39
either as president主席
or as a constitutional構成 lawyer律師,
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無論我是總統
還是憲法專門律師──
因為氣候變遷的影響
造成的領土主權問題。
02:42
was the implications啟示
for the sovereignty主權 of the territory領土
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02:45
because of the impact碰撞 of climate氣候 change更改.
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02:49
But that is what President主席 Tong,
of the Republic共和國 of Kiribati基里巴斯,
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但那是吉里巴斯共和國
湯安諾總統
02:54
has to wake喚醒 up every一切 morning早上
thinking思維 about.
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每天早上醒來都要考慮的問題。
02:57
He has bought land土地 in Fiji
as an insurance保險 policy政策,
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他必須在斐濟買塊地當保單,
03:02
what he calls電話, "migration移民 with dignity尊嚴,"
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他稱之為「有尊嚴的遷移」,
03:06
because he knows知道 that his people
may可能 have to leave離開 their islands島嶼.
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因為他知道他的人民有一天
必須棄島而去。
03:12
As I listened聽了 to President主席 Tong
describing說明 the situation情況,
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我在聽湯總統描述情況的時候,
03:17
I really felt that this was a problem問題
that no leader領導 should have to face面對.
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我真的覺得這不是
領導人應該面對的問題。
03:24
And as I heard聽說 him speak說話
about the pain疼痛 of his problems問題,
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我在聽他訴說這個問題
帶來的痛苦時,
03:29
I thought about Eleanor埃莉諾 Roosevelt羅斯福.
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我就想到愛蓮娜·羅斯福。
03:33
I thought about her
and those who worked工作 with her
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我想到她和與她一同在
03:38
on the Commission佣金 on Human人的 Rights,
which哪一個 she chaired主持 in 1948,
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聯合國人權委員會工作的人,
她於 1948 年當主席,
03:43
and drew德魯 up the Universal普遍
Declaration宣言 of Human人的 Rights.
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並起草《世界人權宣言》。
03:48
For them, it would have been unimaginable不可思議
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他們大概無法想像
03:51
that a whole整個 country國家
could go out of existence存在
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一整個國家
會因為人為的氣候變遷而消失。
03:56
because of human-induced人類活動引起的 climate氣候 change更改.
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03:59
I came來了 to climate氣候 change更改 not as
a scientist科學家 or an environmental環境的 lawyer律師,
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我不是以科學家或環境律師
開始關注氣候變遷,
04:04
and I wasn't really impressed印象深刻
by the images圖片 of polar極性 bears
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北極熊或冰河融化的照片
也沒有特別打動我。
04:08
or melting融化 glaciers冰川.
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04:10
It was because of the impact碰撞 on people,
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我是因為這對人民的衝擊,
04:14
and the impact碰撞 on their rights權利 --
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對他們權力的衝擊──
04:17
their rights權利 to food餐飲 and safe安全 water,
health健康, education教育 and shelter庇護.
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他們有權力獲得食物、乾淨的水、
健康、教育及安身之處。
04:22
And I say this with humility謙遜,
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我以謙卑的心說出這些,
04:26
because I came來了 late晚了
to the issue問題 of climate氣候 change更改.
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因為我太晚關注
氣候變遷這個議題。
04:30
When I served提供服務
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我擔任
04:32
as UN聯合國 High Commissioner專員 for Human人的 Rights
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聯合國人權事務高級專員
04:34
from 1997 to 2002,
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是在 1997 到 2002 年間,
04:37
climate氣候 change更改 wasn't
at the front面前 of my mind心神.
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當時氣候變遷在我心中
沒什麼地位,
04:39
I don't remember記得 making製造
a single speech言語 on climate氣候 change更改.
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我不記得我針對氣候變遷
說過任何一場演講。
04:43
I knew知道 that there was another另一個
part部分 of the United聯合的 Nations國家 --
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我知道聯合國有另一個部分──
04:46
the UN聯合國 Convention慣例 on Climate氣候 Change更改 --
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聯合國氣候變化綱要公約──
04:49
that was dealing交易 with
the issue問題 of climate氣候 change更改.
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專門處理氣候變遷議題。
04:52
It was later後來 when I started開始
to work in African非洲人 countries國家
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我是在之後,開始在非洲國家
04:57
on issues問題 of development發展 and human人的 rights權利.
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處理發展及人權問題時,
才開始注意到。
05:00
And I kept不停 hearing聽力
this pervasive無處不在 sentence句子:
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我一直聽到大家都在說這句話:
05:03
"Oh, but things are so much worse更差 now,
things are so much worse更差."
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「噢!但現在情況更糟了,更糟了!」
05:08
And then I explored探討 what was behind背後 that;
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所以我就探究了背後的情況;
05:11
it was about changes變化 in the climate氣候 --
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原來是氣候變化──
05:15
climate氣候 shocks震盪, changes變化 in the weather天氣.
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氣候衝擊,天氣改變。
05:18
I met會見 Constance康斯坦斯 OkolletOkollet,
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我遇見康絲坦,
05:20
who had formed形成 a women's女士的 group
in Eastern Uganda烏干達,
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她在東烏干達組織了
一個婦女團體,
05:24
and she told me that
when she was growing生長 up,
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她告訴我她成長的年代,
05:26
she had a very normal正常 life in her village
and they didn't go hungry飢餓,
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她在村莊裡過著相當正常的生活,
而且都不會挨餓,
05:31
they knew知道 that the seasons季節 would come
as they were predicted預料到的 to come,
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他們很確定四季會變化如常,
他們知道何時播種、何時收割,
05:36
they knew知道 when to sow母豬
and they knew知道 when to harvest收成,
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05:39
and so they had enough足夠 food餐飲.
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所以他們有充足的食物。
05:42
But, in recent最近 years年份,
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但是最近幾年,
05:44
at the time of this conversation會話,
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就是我們對談的時候,
05:46
they had nothing
but long periods of drought乾旱,
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他們什麼都沒有,
只有長期的旱災,
05:49
and then flash flooding洪水,
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及隨之而來的暴洪,
05:51
and then more drought乾旱.
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然後就是更多的旱災。
05:53
The school學校 had been destroyed銷毀,
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學校被摧毀,
05:54
livelihoods生計 had been destroyed銷毀,
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生活被摧毀,
05:56
their harvest收成 had been destroyed銷毀.
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他們的收穫也被摧毀。
05:58
She forms形式 this women's女士的 group
to try to keep her community社區 together一起.
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她成立了這個婦女團體,
試著不讓她的社區分崩離析。
06:03
And this was a reality現實
that really struck來襲 me,
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這個事實真的給我重重的一擊,
06:08
because of course課程,
Constance康斯坦斯 OkolletOkollet wasn't responsible主管
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因為當然,康絲坦無須
06:12
for the greenhouse溫室 gas加油站 emissions排放
that were causing造成 this problem問題.
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為排放溫室氣體
造成這個問題負上責任。
06:16
Indeed確實, I was very struck來襲
about the situation情況 in Malawi馬拉維
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真的,我對今年一月
馬拉威的情況甚感驚訝。
06:20
in January一月 of this year.
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06:22
There was an unprecedented史無前例
flooding洪水 in the country國家,
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這個國家發生了一場空前的洪水,
06:26
it covered覆蓋 about a third第三 of the country國家,
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淹沒了三分之一的國土,
06:28
over 300 people were killed殺害,
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300 餘人因此喪命,
06:30
and hundreds數以百計 of thousands數千
lost丟失 their livelihoods生計.
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成千上萬人流離失所。
06:34
And the average平均 person in Malawi馬拉維
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普通馬拉威人
06:37
emits發射 about 80 kg公斤 of COCO2 a year.
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每年排放約 80 公斤的二氧化碳。
06:43
The average平均 US citizen公民 emits發射
about 17.5 metric tons.
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普通美國人的排放量
則約 17.5 噸。
06:49
So those who are suffering痛苦
disproportionately不成比例
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所以為此受到無比痛苦的人,
06:52
don't drive駕駛 cars汽車, don't have electricity電力,
don't consume消耗 very significantly顯著,
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不開車、不用電、也不怎麼消費,
06:59
and yet然而 they are feeling感覺 more and more
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然而他們卻覺得愈來愈受
07:02
the impacts影響 of the changes變化 in the climate氣候,
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氣候變遷的衝擊。
07:07
the changes變化 that are preventing防止 them
from knowing會心 how to grow增長 food餐飲 properly正確,
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這樣的變遷讓他們不知道
該如何適當種植食物,
07:11
and knowing會心 how
to look after their future未來.
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該如何展望未來。
07:15
I think it was really
the importance重要性 of the injustice不公正
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我想真的是不公義的重要性
07:23
that really struck來襲 me very forcibly強制.
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強烈的衝擊我。
07:26
And I know that we're not able能夠
to address地址 some of that injustice不公正
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我知道我們無法解決那些不公義,
07:33
because we're not on course課程
for a safe安全 world世界.
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因為我們沒有走向安全的世界。
07:36
Governments政府 around the world世界 agreed約定
at the conference會議 in Copenhagen哥本哈根,
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全世界的政府都在
哥本哈根大會上同意,
07:43
and have repeated重複 it
at every一切 conference會議 on climate氣候,
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也在每一場氣候變遷
會議上不斷看到,
07:46
that we have to stay
below下面 two degrees Celsius攝氏
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我們的暖化程度
07:50
of warming變暖 above以上 pre-Industrial前工業 standards標準.
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與工業革命前的標準相比,
不可超過攝氏 2 度。
07:53
But we're on course課程
for about four degrees.
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我們卻朝著上升 4 度去。
07:56
So we face面對 an existential存在 threat威脅
to the future未來 of our planet行星.
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所以我們面對著
地球未來的存亡關頭。
08:01
And that made製作 me realize實現
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這使我瞭解
08:03
that climate氣候 change更改 is the greatest最大 threat威脅
to human人的 rights權利 in the 21stST century世紀.
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氣候變遷的確是 21 世紀
人權最大的威脅。
08:09
And that brought me then
to climate氣候 justice正義.
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這因而引起我關注氣候正義。
08:13
Climate氣候 justice正義 responds響應
to the moral道德 argument論據 --
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氣候正義能回答道德爭論──
08:17
both sides雙方 of the moral道德 argument論據 --
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無論是氣候變遷爭論的哪一方。
08:19
to address地址 climate氣候 change更改.
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08:21
First of all,
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首先,
08:23
to be on the side of those who are
suffering痛苦 most and are most effected影響.
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站在最痛苦最受影響的一方。
08:27
And secondly其次,
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第二,
08:28
to make sure that they're not left behind背後
again, when we start開始 to move移動
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我們要確保在開始行動時,
開始以氣候行動對付氣候變遷時,
不能再遺忘他們,
08:33
and start開始 to address地址 climate氣候 change更改
with climate氣候 action行動,
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08:36
as we are doing.
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就像我們現在所為。
08:39
In our very unequal不等 world世界 today今天,
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今天在這個非常不平等的世界,
08:42
it's very striking引人注目 how many許多
people are left behind背後.
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你會很驚訝有多少人被遺忘了。
08:46
In our world世界 of 7.2 billion十億 people,
about 3 billion十億 are left behind背後.
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世界 72 億人口中,
有 30 億人被遺忘。
08:53
1.3 billion十億 don't have access訪問
to electricity電力,
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13 億人沒有電可用,
08:57
and they light their homes家園
with kerosene煤油 and candles蠟燭,
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他們以煤油及蠟燭點亮房屋,
09:01
both of which哪一個 are dangerous危險.
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這兩者都很危險。
09:02
And in fact事實 they spend a lot of their
tiny income收入 on that form形成 of lighting燈光.
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事實上他們大部分的收入,
都花在這種照明方式上。
09:09
2.6 billion十億 people cook廚師 on open打開 fires火災 --
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26 億人以露天爐灶煮飯,
09:13
on coal煤炭, wood and animal動物 dung.
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燒煤、木頭或動物糞便。
09:17
And this causes原因
about 4 million百萬 deaths死亡 a year
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這造成每年四百萬人口死亡,
09:22
from indoor室內 smoke抽煙 inhalation吸入,
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因為吸入室內煙霧,
09:24
and of course課程, most of those
who die are women婦女.
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當然,大部分的死者是婦女。
09:28
So we have a very unequal不等 world世界,
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所以我們有個非常不平等的世界,
09:33
and we need to change更改
from "business商業 as usual通常."
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我們必須改變「一切如常」的想法。
09:39
And we shouldn't不能 underestimate低估
the scale規模 and the transformative變革 nature性質
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我們不應該低估
我們所需的改變規模
及其轉變能力。
09:45
of the change更改 which哪一個 will be needed需要,
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09:47
because we have to go to zero
carbon emissions排放 by about 2050,
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因為我們的碳排放量
必須在 2050 年達到零,
09:54
if we're going to stay below下面
two degrees Celsius攝氏 of warming變暖.
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才能讓暖化程度如預期
保持低於攝氏 2 度。
09:58
And that means手段 we have to leave離開
about two-thirds三分之二 of the known已知 resources資源
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那意味著我們必須停止開採
大約三分之二的已知資源,
10:04
of fossil化石 fuels燃料 in the ground地面.
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即化石燃料。
10:06
It's a very big change更改,
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這是很大的改變。
10:08
and it means手段 that obviously明顯,
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而且這意味著,
10:10
industrialized工業化 countries國家
must必須 cut their emissions排放,
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顯然工業化國家必須減少排放量,
10:13
must必須 become成為 much more energy-efficient高效節能,
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必須變得更加節能,
10:15
and must必須 move移動 as quickly很快 as possible可能
to renewable可再生 energy能源.
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必須盡快發展使用再生能源。
10:20
For developing發展 countries國家
and emerging新興 economies經濟,
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對開發中國家及新興經濟體而言,
10:24
the problem問題 and the challenge挑戰
is to grow增長 without emissions排放,
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問題及挑戰在於零排放成長,
10:29
because they must必須 develop發展;
they have very poor較差的 populations人群.
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因為他們必須開發,
他們的居民非常貧窮。
10:32
So they must必須 develop發展 without emissions排放,
and that is a different不同 kind of problem問題.
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所以他們必須開發,又要零排放,
這是不同類型的問題。
10:38
Indeed確實, no country國家 in the world世界
has actually其實 grown長大的 without emissions排放.
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確實,世界上沒有任何一個國家
可以做到零排放成長。
10:44
All the countries國家 have developed發達
with fossil化石 fuels燃料,
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所有國家的開發都靠化石燃料,
10:46
and then may可能 be moving移動
to renewable可再生 energy能源.
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然後或許能轉變成依靠再生能源。
10:48
So it is a very big challenge挑戰,
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所以這是非常大的挑戰,
10:51
and it requires要求 the total support支持
of the international國際 community社區,
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這需要國際社會全面支持,
10:55
with the necessary必要 finance金融 and technology技術,
and systems系統 and support支持,
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提供必要的資金和技術,
系統及支援,
11:00
because no country國家 can make itself本身 safe安全
from the dangers危險 of climate氣候 change更改.
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因為沒有一個國家能在
氣候變遷的危險下自掃門前雪。
11:08
This is an issue問題 that requires要求
complete完成 human人的 solidarity團結.
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這個議題需要人類全面團結。
11:13
Human人的 solidarity團結, if you like,
based基於 on self-interest自我利益 --
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人類團結,你也可以說是
基於自我利益,
11:16
because we are all in this together一起,
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因為我們同在一艘船上,
11:18
and we have to work together一起
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我們必須合作
11:20
to ensure確保 that we reach達到
zero carbon by 2050.
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以確保我們在 2050 年
達到零碳排放量。
11:26
The good news新聞 is that change更改 is happening事件,
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好消息是改變已經開始,
11:29
and it's happening事件 very fast快速.
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而且發展得很快。
11:32
Here in California加州,
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在加州這裡,
11:33
there's a very ambitious有雄心
emissions排放 target目標 to cut emissions排放.
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設定非常遠大的目標,
以減少溫室氣體排放。
11:37
In Hawaii夏威夷, they're passing通過 legislation立法
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在夏威夷,他們剛剛通過立法,
11:40
to have 100 percent百分
renewable可再生 energy能源 by 2045.
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要在 2045 年達到
百分之百的再生能源。
11:45
And governments政府 are very ambitious有雄心
around the world世界.
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全世界的政府也抱著雄心壯志。
11:49
In Costa哥斯達黎加 Rica哥斯達黎加, they have committed提交
to being存在 carbon-neutral碳中和 by 2021.
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哥斯大黎加承諾要在
2021 年做到碳中和。
11:55
In Ethiopia埃塞俄比亞, the commitment承諾
is to be carbon-neutral碳中和 by 2027.
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衣索匹亞承諾要在
2027 年達到碳中和。
12:01
Apple蘋果 have pledged承諾 that their factories工廠
in China中國 will use renewable可再生 energy能源.
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蘋果公司誓言要讓
在中國的工廠使用再生能源。
12:08
And there is a race種族 on at the moment時刻
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目前也有一場競賽,
12:11
to convert兌換 electricity電力
from tidal潮汐 and wave power功率,
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要從潮汐能發電,
12:15
in order訂購 that we can leave離開
the coal煤炭 in the ground地面.
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4219
如此我們才能停止開採煤炭。
12:19
And that change更改 is both welcome歡迎
and is happening事件 very rapidly急速.
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這樣的改變既受歡迎也發展快速。
12:24
But it's still not enough足夠,
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但這還不夠,
12:25
and the political政治 will
is still not enough足夠.
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而且光有政治決心還是不夠。
12:28
Let me come back to President主席 Tong
and his people in Kiribati基里巴斯.
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讓我再回頭談談湯總統
及吉里巴斯的人民。
12:34
They actually其實 could be able能夠 to live生活
on their island and have a solution,
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他們還是可以在他們的島上生活,
而且有解決方案,
12:40
but it would take a lot of political政治 will.
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但是這要下很大的政治決心。
12:43
President主席 Tong told me
about his ambitious有雄心 idea理念
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湯總統告訴我他的雄心壯志,
12:47
to either build建立 up or even float浮動
the little islands島嶼 where his people live生活.
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要把民眾住的小島加高,
甚至讓島漂起來。
12:55
This, of course課程, is beyond
the resources資源 of Kiribati基里巴斯 itself本身.
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想當然爾,這絕非吉里巴斯
憑一國之力就能做到。
12:59
It would require要求 great solidarity團結
and support支持 from other countries國家,
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這需要其他國家的大團結及支援,
13:03
and it would require要求
the kind of imaginative想像的 idea理念
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這也需要那種富有想像力的構想,
13:07
that we bring帶來 together一起 when we want
to have a space空間 station in the air空氣.
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如同我們想在空中
建造太空站時的集思廣義。
13:12
But wouldn't不會 it be wonderful精彩
to have this engineering工程 wonder奇蹟
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但這不是很棒嗎?
創造這種工程奇景,
13:17
and to allow允許 a people to remain
in their sovereign君主 territory領土,
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讓一個國家的人民
能留在他們獨立自主的領土上,
13:20
and be part部分 of the community社區 of nations國家?
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並成為國際社會的一部分?
13:24
That is the kind of idea理念
that we should be thinking思維 about.
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這才是我們應該思索的計畫。
13:29
Yes, the challenges挑戰
of the transformation轉型 we need are big,
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的確,我們所需的變革挑戰很大。
13:34
but they can be solved解決了.
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但是我們可以克服這樣的挑戰。
13:37
We are actually其實, as a people,
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我們身為人,
13:39
very capable of coming未來 together一起
to solve解決 problems問題.
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其實很有能力一同解決問題。
13:42
I was very conscious意識 of this
as I took part部分 this year
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我對此非常清楚,
因為我今年參加了
13:46
in commemoration紀念活動 of the 70th anniversary週年
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1945 年二次世界大戰結束
70 周年紀念。
13:50
of the end結束 of the Second第二
World世界 War戰爭 in 1945.
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13:55
1945 was an extraordinary非凡 year.
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1945 年是非常不平凡的一年。
13:59
It was a year when the world世界 faced面對
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那年,全世界面對了幾項
14:01
what must必須 have seemed似乎 almost幾乎
insoluble不溶性 problems問題 --
217
829997
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看似幾乎無法解決的問題──
14:05
the devastation毀壞 of the world世界 wars戰爭,
particularly尤其 the Second第二 World世界 War戰爭;
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兩次世界大戰的蹂躪,
尤其是二次世界大戰;
14:10
the fragile脆弱 peace和平 that had
been brought about;
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隨之而來不穩固的和平;
14:13
the need for a whole整個
economic經濟 regeneration再生.
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整體經濟復興的需求。
14:16
But the leaders領導者 of that time
didn't flinch退縮 from this.
221
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4225
但是當時的領導人
並不因此而退縮。
14:20
They had the capacity容量, they had
a sense of being存在 driven驅動 by
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他們有能力,
他們的動力來自於
14:25
never again must必須 the world世界
have this kind of problem問題.
223
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4051
絕不容許世界再發生相同的問題。
14:29
And they had to build建立 structures結構
for peace和平 and security安全.
224
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他們必須為和平及安全建立架構。
14:33
And what did we get?
What did they achieve實現?
225
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我們因此得到什麼?
他們完成了什麼?
14:36
The Charter憲章 of the United聯合的 Nations國家,
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聯合國憲章,
14:39
the Bretton布雷頓森林 Woods樹木 institutions機構,
as they're called, The World世界 Bank銀行,
227
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3551
及一般說的布雷頓森林協定,
世界銀行,
14:42
and the International國際 Monetary貨幣 Fund基金.
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國際貨幣基金。
14:45
A Marshall馬歇爾 Plan計劃 for Europe歐洲,
a devastated滿目瘡痍 Europe歐洲,
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歐洲的馬歇爾計劃,
滿目瘡痍的歐洲,
14:48
to reconstruct重建 it.
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他們要重建此地。
14:50
And indeed確實 a few少數 years年份 later後來,
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2061
甚至在數年之後,
14:52
the Universal普遍 Declaration宣言 of Human人的 Rights.
232
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還有世界人權宣言。
14:56
2015 is a year that is similar類似
in its importance重要性
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2015 年的重要性
與 1945 年情況類似,
有類似的挑戰也有類似的潛力。
15:02
to 1945, with similar類似 challenges挑戰
and similar類似 potential潛在.
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15:07
There will be two big summits峰會 this year:
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今年會有兩大高峰會,
15:10
the first one, in September九月 in New York紐約,
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2779
第一個會於九月在紐約舉行,
15:13
is the summit首腦 for the sustainable可持續發展
development發展 goals目標.
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是永續發展目標高峰會。
15:17
And then the summit首腦 in Paris巴黎 in December十二月,
to give us a climate氣候 agreement協議.
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然後十二月在巴黎的高峰會
要給世人一份氣候協議。
15:23
The sustainable可持續發展 development發展 goals目標
are intended to help countries國家
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永續發展目標是為了幫助
15:29
to live生活 sustainably可持續,
in tune調 with Mother母親 Earth地球,
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4110
各國永續生存,
與孕育萬物的大地融合,
15:33
not to take out of Mother母親 Earth地球
and destroy破壞 ecosystems生態系統,
241
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不要忽略大地,摧毀生態系統,
15:39
but rather, to live生活 in harmony和諧
with Mother母親 Earth地球,
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3614
而是藉由永續發展
與大地和平共存。
15:42
by living活的 under sustainable可持續發展 development發展.
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3829
15:46
And the sustainable可持續發展 development發展 goals目標
244
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永續發展目標
15:49
will come into operation手術 for all countries國家
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會在全球所有國家
15:51
on January一月 1, 2016.
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於 2016 年元旦開始實施。
15:54
The climate氣候 agreement協議 --
247
942814
1177
氣候協議──
15:56
a binding捆綁 climate氣候 agreement協議 --
248
944015
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具有約束力的氣候協議
15:57
is needed需要 because
of the scientific科學 evidence證據
249
945555
3664
是必要的,
因為科學證據顯示
16:01
that we're on a trajectory彈道
for about a four-degree四度 world世界
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地球目前的趨勢為上升 4 度,
16:04
and we have to change更改 course課程
to stay below下面 two degrees.
251
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我們必須改變方向
以維持低於 2 度。
16:08
So we need to take steps腳步
that will be monitored監控 and reviewed回顧,
252
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所以我們必須採取
能受監測及審查的步驟,
16:13
so that we can keep increasing增加
the ambition志向 of how we cut emissions排放,
253
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才能不斷增強野心,
找出減少溫室氣體排放
16:18
and how we move移動 more rapidly急速
to renewable可再生 energy能源,
254
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及加速以再生能源取代的方法,
16:21
so that we have a safe安全 world世界.
255
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讓我們有一個安全的世界。
16:27
The reality現實 is that this issue問題
is much too important重要
256
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6183
現實情況是這個問題太重要了,
16:33
to be left to politicians政治家
and to the United聯合的 Nations國家.
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不能留給政治人物及聯合國處理。
16:37
(Laughter笑聲)
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985459
1001
(笑聲)
16:38
It's an issue問題 for all of us,
259
986484
1578
這是我們所有人的問題,
16:40
and it's an issue問題 where we need
more and more momentum動量.
260
988086
3964
而且這個問題
需要愈來愈強的動力。
16:44
Indeed確實, the face面對 of
the environmentalist環保人士 has changed,
261
992911
3485
的確,環保人士的陣容
已經有所改變,
16:48
because of the justice正義 dimension尺寸.
262
996420
2309
改變來自於正義的重要性。
16:50
It's now an issue問題
for faith-based誠信為本 organizations組織,
263
998753
3220
現在這是宗教組織的問題了,
16:53
under very good leadership領導
from Pope教皇 Francis弗朗西斯,
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1001997
3172
教宗方濟各
在這方面領導有方;
16:57
and indeed確實, the Church教會 of England英國,
265
1005193
1772
當然還有英國國教會,
16:58
which哪一個 is divesting剝離 from fossil化石 fuels燃料.
266
1006989
2443
他們拋售化石燃料資產。
17:01
It's an issue問題 for the business商業 community社區,
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1009456
3758
這也是商業界的問題,
17:05
and the good news新聞 is
268
1013238
1404
好消息是
17:06
that the business商業 community社區
is changing改變 very rapidly急速 --
269
1014666
2910
商業界的改變也非常快速,
17:09
except for the fossil化石 fuel汽油 industries行業 --
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1017600
2185
化石燃料產業除外。
17:11
(Laughter笑聲)
271
1019809
1595
(笑聲)
17:13
Even they are beginning開始
to slightly change更改 their language語言 --
272
1021428
3296
即使是他們
也開始稍微改變語氣,
17:16
but only slightly.
273
1024748
981
不過只有一點點。
17:17
But business商業 is not only moving移動 rapidly急速
to the benefits好處 of renewable可再生 energy能源,
274
1025753
4691
企業不但快速行動利用再生能源,
17:22
but is urging politicians政治家
to give them more signals信號,
275
1030468
2723
也促使政治人物能給他們更多信號,
17:25
so that they can move移動 even more rapidly急速.
276
1033215
1975
讓他們能加快腳步。
17:27
It's an issue問題 for the trade貿易
union聯盟 movement運動.
277
1035214
2001
這是工會運動的問題。
17:29
It's an issue問題 for the women's女士的 movement運動.
278
1037239
2023
這是婦女運動的問題。
17:31
It's an issue問題 for young年輕 people.
279
1039286
2078
這是年輕人的問題。
17:33
I was very struck來襲 when I learned學到了
that JibreelJibreel Khazan的Khazan,
280
1041388
5802
我非常驚訝,在我知道
美國種族平權人士吉卜利·勒坎珊
17:39
one of the Greensboro格林斯博羅 Four who had
taken採取 part部分 in the Woolworth伍爾沃斯 sit-ins靜坐,
281
1047214
5644
──他為「格林斯伯勒四」一員,
曾參與伍爾沃斯公司靜坐抗議事件──
17:44
said quite相當 recently最近 that
282
1052882
1514
最近才指出,
17:46
climate氣候 change更改 is the lunch午餐 counter計數器
moment時刻 for young年輕 people.
283
1054420
6002
氣候變遷是年輕人的民權運動。
17:52
So, lunch午餐 counter計數器 moment時刻
for young年輕 people of the 21stST century世紀 --
284
1060446
4288
所以, 21 世紀年輕人的
民權運動──
17:56
the sort分類 of real真實 human人的 rights權利 issue問題
of the 21stST century世紀,
285
1064758
4341
21 世紀真正的人權問題,
18:01
because he said it is
the greatest最大 challenge挑戰
286
1069123
2770
因為他說這是對全世界
人類及正義最大的挑戰。
18:03
to humanity人性 and justice正義 in our world世界.
287
1071917
3592
18:08
I recall召回 very much
the Climate氣候 March遊行 last September九月,
288
1076391
4106
我還記得很清楚,去年九月
在紐約舉行的氣候變遷大遊行,
18:12
and that was a huge巨大 momentum動量,
289
1080521
1801
氣勢浩大,
18:14
not just in New York紐約,
but all around the world世界.
290
1082346
2962
不只在紐約,全世界都是如此,
18:17
and we have to build建立 on that.
291
1085332
2270
我們必須乘勢而行。
18:19
I was marching行軍 with some
of The Elders長老 family家庭,
292
1087626
3111
我跟曼德拉開創的「世界長老」
幾位成員一起走,
18:22
and I saw a placard標語牌
a little bit away from me,
293
1090761
5027
然後我看到一張抗議牌,
離我不太遠,
18:27
but we were wedged楔形 so closely密切 together一起 --
294
1095812
1954
但是我們被擠得很靠近,
18:29
because after all, there were 400,000
people out in the streets街道 of New York紐約 --
295
1097790
3675
因為畢竟有四十萬人
聚集在紐約街頭上,
18:33
so I couldn't不能 quite相當 get to that placard標語牌,
296
1101489
1913
所以我無法靠近那面牌子,
18:35
I would have just liked喜歡 to have been
able能夠 to step behind背後 it,
297
1103426
3081
要不然我真的很想站在
那塊牌子後面,
18:38
because it said, "Angry憤怒 Grannies老奶奶!"
298
1106531
2446
因為上面寫著:生氣的奶奶!
18:41
(Laughter笑聲)
299
1109001
1323
(笑聲)
18:42
That's what I felt.
300
1110348
1454
那就是我的感受。
18:43
And I have five grandchildren孫子 now,
301
1111826
3973
我現在有五個孫子。
18:47
I feel very happy快樂 as an Irish愛爾蘭的 grandmother祖母
to have five grandchildren孫子,
302
1115823
4288
我身為愛爾蘭祖母
很開心自己有五個孫子,
18:52
and I think about their world世界,
303
1120135
3043
然後我思索著他們的世界,
18:55
and what it will be
like when they will share分享 that world世界
304
1123202
3161
到時會是什麼樣子呢?
當他們在 2050 年
18:58
with about 9 billion十億 other people in 2050.
305
1126387
4046
與九十億人一起同享這個世界
是什麼樣子?
19:03
We know that inevitably必將 it will
be a climate-constrained氣候受限 world世界,
306
1131574
4655
我們知道無可避免
那將是受到氣候限制的世界,
19:08
because of the emissions排放
we've我們已經 already已經 put up there,
307
1136253
2849
受制於我們排放的溫室效應氣體;
19:11
but it could be a world世界 that is much
more equal等於 and much fairer更公平,
308
1139126
5397
但是那也可能
是一個更平等更公平的世界,
19:16
and much better for health健康,
and better for jobs工作
309
1144547
2582
更有利於健康、就業環境、
19:19
and better for energy能源 security安全,
310
1147153
1972
能源安全的世界,
19:21
than the world世界 we have now,
311
1149149
1827
比我們現有的還要好,
19:23
if we have switched交換的 sufficiently充分地
and early enough足夠 to renewable可再生 energy能源,
312
1151000
7000
只要我們能充分、及早
改變為使用再生能源,
19:30
and no one is left behind背後.
313
1158222
2432
並且不再遺忘任何人,
19:32
No one is left behind背後.
314
1160678
2395
不再遺忘任何人。
19:35
And just as we've我們已經 been
looking back this year --
315
1163736
3580
正如我們從今年回首當年──
19:39
in 2015 to 1945, looking back 70 years年份 --
316
1167340
5507
從 2015 年看 1945 年,
回顧七十個年頭──
19:44
I would like to think
that they will look back,
317
1172871
2564
我想他們也會回頭看,
19:47
that world世界 will look back
35 years年份 from 2050,
318
1175459
4849
2050 年的世界
也會回顧 35 年前,
19:52
35 years年份 to 2015,
319
1180332
2874
35 年前的 2015 年,
19:55
and that they will say,
320
1183230
2818
他們會說:
19:58
"Weren't they good
to do what they did in 2015?
321
1186072
4107
「他們在 2015 年做的不是很好嗎?
20:02
We really appreciate欣賞 that they took
the decisions決定 that made製作 a difference區別,
322
1190203
5475
我們真的很感謝
他們下定決心要扭轉情勢,
20:07
and that put the world世界
on the right pathway,
323
1195702
2938
讓這個世界走在正確的路上,
20:10
and we benefit效益 now from that pathway,"
324
1198664
2706
所以我們今天才能受惠。」
20:13
that they will feel that somehow不知何故
we took our responsibilities責任,
325
1201394
3881
他們會覺得我們
或多或少負起了責任,
20:17
we did what was doneDONE
in 1945 in similar類似 terms條款,
326
1205299
4159
我們與 1945 年的人一樣
做了類似的事,
20:21
we didn't miss小姐 the opportunity機會,
327
1209482
2421
我們沒有錯失機會,
20:23
we lived生活 up to our responsibilities責任.
328
1211927
2182
我們堅守了該負的責任。
20:26
That's what this year is about.
329
1214133
3172
這就是今年的使命。
20:29
And somehow不知何故 for me,
330
1217688
1350
我總覺得對我而言,
20:31
it's captured捕獲 in words of somebody
that I admired尊敬的 very much.
331
1219062
4294
我非常欽佩的人說過一句話
最能捕捉我的感覺。
20:35
She was a mentor導師 of mine,
she was a friend朋友,
332
1223380
2333
她是我的精神導師,也是個朋友。
20:37
she died死亡 much too young年輕,
333
1225737
1948
她死得太早,
20:39
she was an extraordinary非凡 personality個性,
334
1227709
2005
她有超凡的個性,
20:41
a great champion冠軍 of the environment環境:
335
1229738
2484
是環境的偉大鬥士:
20:44
Wangari Maathai馬塔伊.
336
1232246
1824
旺加里·馬塔伊。
20:46
Wangari said once一旦,
337
1234627
2626
旺加里曾說:
20:49
"In the course課程 of history歷史,
338
1237277
1954
「在漫漫歷史中,
20:51
there comes a time
when humanity人性 is called upon
339
1239255
4011
總有一段時間,人類被要求
20:55
to shift轉移 to a new level水平 of consciousness意識,
340
1243290
4751
轉變到新的意識狀態,
21:00
to reach達到 a higher更高 moral道德 ground地面."
341
1248065
3457
以達到更高的道德標準。」
21:04
And that's what we have to do.
342
1252135
1919
那正是我們該做的。
21:06
We have to reach達到
a new level水平 of consciousness意識,
343
1254078
3288
我們必須達到新的意識狀態,
21:09
a higher更高 moral道德 ground地面.
344
1257390
1967
更高的道德標準。
21:11
And we have to do it this year
in those two big summits峰會.
345
1259791
3841
我們必須在今年
兩大高峰會中做到這點。
21:16
And that won't慣於 happen發生 unless除非
we have the momentum動量
346
1264108
3598
這不會實現,除非我們
21:19
from people around the world世界 who say:
347
1267730
3147
從全世界人民得到動力,
大家發聲說:
21:22
"We want action行動 now,
348
1270901
1520
「我們現在就要採取行動,
21:24
we want to change更改 course課程,
349
1272445
1571
我們現在就要改變趨勢,
21:26
we want a safe安全 world世界,
350
1274040
1373
我們要一個安全的世界,
21:27
a safe安全 world世界 for future未來 generations,
351
1275437
2175
留給後人一個安全的世界,
21:29
a safe安全 world世界 for our children孩子
and our grandchildren孫子,
352
1277636
2608
留給子孫一個安全的世界,
21:32
and we're all in this together一起."
353
1280268
2271
我們要為此同心協力。」
21:34
Thank you.
354
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1160
謝謝。
21:35
(Applause掌聲)
355
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5245
(掌聲)
Translated by Regina Chu
Reviewed by Marssi Draw

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mary Robinson - Global leader
Mary Robinson served as president of Ireland from 1990 to 1997, and as UN High Commissioner for Human Rights from 1997 to 2002. She now leads a foundation devoted to climate justice.

Why you should listen
Mary Robinson is president of the Mary Robinson Foundation: Climate Justice, and the United Nations Secretary-General’s Special Envoy on Climate Change. She was the president of Ireland from 1990-1997 and UN High Commissioner for Human Rights from 1997-2002, and is now a member of The Elders and the Club of Madrid. She is also a member of the Lead Group of the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Movement. In 2009, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Barack Obama, and between March 2013 and August 2014 she served as the UN Secretary General’s Special Envoy for the Great Lakes region of Africa.

A former president of the International Commission of Jurists and former chair of the Council of Women World Leaders, Robinson was founder and president of Realizing Rights: The Ethical Globalization Initiative, from 2002 to 2010. Robinson’s memoir, Everybody Matters, was published in 2012.
More profile about the speaker
Mary Robinson | Speaker | TED.com