ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Kimberlé Crenshaw - Civil rights advocate
As a pioneer in critical race theory, Kimberlé Crenshaw helped open the discussion of the double bind faced by victims of simultaneous racial and gender prejudice.

Why you should listen

Kimberlé Crenshaw, professor of law at UCLA and Columbia Law School, is a leading authority in the area of cvil rights, Black feminist legal theory, and race, racism and the law. Her work has been foundational in two fields of study that have come to be known by terms that she coined: critical race theory and intersectionality.

Crenshaw’s articles have appeared in the Harvard Law Review, National Black Law Journal, Stanford Law Review and Southern California Law Review. She is the founding coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Workshop, and the co-editor of the volume, Critical Race Theory: Key Documents That Shaped the Movement. She has lectured widely on race matters, addressing audiences across the country as well as in Europe, India, Africa and South America. A specialist on race and gender equality, she has facilitated workshops for human rights activists in Brazil and in India, and for constitutional court judges in South Africa. Her groundbreaking work on intersectionality has traveled globally and was influential in the drafting of the equality clause in the South African Constitution.

Crenshaw authored the background paper on race and gender discrimination for the United Nation's World Conference on Racism, served as the rapporteur for the conference's expert group on gender and race discrimination, and coordinated NGO efforts to ensure the inclusion of gender in the WCAR Conference Declaration. She is a leading voice in calling for a gender-inclusive approach to racial justice interventions, having spearheaded the "Why We Can't Wait" campaign and co-authored Black Girls Matter: Pushed Out, Overpoliced and Underprotected, and Say Her Name: Resisting Police Brutality Against Black Women.

Crenshaw has worked extensively on a variety of issues pertaining to gender and race in the domestic arena including violence against women, structural racial inequality and affirmative action. She has served as a member of the National Science Foundation's committee to research violence against women and has consulted with leading foundations, social justice organizations and corporations to advance their race and gender equity initiatives.

In 1996, she co-founded the African American Policy Forum to house a variety of projects designed to deliver research-based strategies to better advance social inclusion. Among the Forum's projects are the Affirmative Action Research and Policy Consortium and the Multiracial Literacy and Leadership Initiative. In partnership with the Aspen Roundtable for Community Change, Crenshaw facilitated workshops on racial equity for hundreds of community leaders and organizations throughout the country. With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation, Crenshaw facilitates the Bellagio Project, an international network of scholars working in the field of social inclusion from five continents. She formerly served as Committee Chair for the U.S.-Brazil Joint Action Plan to Promote Racial and Ethnic Equality, an initiative of the U.S. State Department.

Crenshaw has received the Fulbright Distinguished Chair for Latin America, the Alphonse Fletcher Fellowship and was a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University in 2009 and a Visiting Fellow at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy in 2010. Currently, Crenshaw is director of the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies  at Columbia Law School, which she founded in 2011, as well as the Centennial Professor at the LSE Gender Institute 2015-2018. Crenshaw received her J.D. from Harvard, L.L.M. from University of Wisconsin and B.A. from Cornell University.

More profile about the speaker
Kimberlé Crenshaw | Speaker | TED.com
Abby Dobson - Artist
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Abby Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change.

Why you should listen

Abby Dobson is the 2016 artist-in-residence with the African American Policy Forum (AAPF). A sonic conceptualist artist, Dobson's sound is the alchemy of R&B/Soul, jazz, classic pop, gospel and folk, forging a gem that erases musical boundaries. Dobson has performed at venues such as S.O.B's, Kennedy Center Millennium Stage, Apollo Theater, Blue Note Jazz Club, Queens Museum and "The Tonight Show." Her debut album, Sleeping Beauty: You Are the One You Have Been Waiting On, was released in 2010 to glowing reviews. Featured on Talib Kweli’s album Gravitas on State of Grace, Dobson was also nominated for a 2014 BET Hip Hop Award for Best Impact Song.

Dobson received a Juris Doctorate degree from Georgetown University Law Center and a Bachelor's degree from Williams College in Political Science and History. Her interests have been deeply impacted by intersectionality discourse and critical race theory. An artist and independent scholar, Dobson's interests focus on the intersection of race and gender in the imagination, creation and consumption of music. A sampling of recent presentations include: International James Baldwin Conference at American University of Paris (2016), Association for the Study of African American History and Life Conference (2013-2015); Anna Julia Cooper Project at Tulane University (2013); and National Women's Studies Association (NWSA) Conference (2013).

Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change. She creates music to privilege black female voices and highlight the human condition. Inspired by AAPF’s social justice work, Dobson composed and performs "Say Her Name" in tribute to the black women lost to state and non-state violence.

Dobson also volunteers with the National Organization for Women, NYC Chapter's Activist Alliance serving as a member of its Intersectionality Committee. She is currently wrapping up recording for Sister Outsider, the follow-up to her debut album, slated for release in 2017.

More profile about the speaker
Abby Dobson | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2016

Kimberlé Crenshaw: The urgency of intersectionality

金伯莉·克伦肖: 交叉性带来的紧迫

Filmed:
1,680,633 views

现下,去大胆地看待种族和性别偏见的现实比以往都重要--而这两者的结合能带来更大的伤害。金伯莉·克伦肖用“交叉性”来描述这一现象;她说,如果你站在具有多种形式的排斥的道路上,你很可能会受到多种冲击。在这场感人的讲话中,她号召我们共同见证这一现实,并为偏见的受害者辩护.。
- Civil rights advocate
As a pioneer in critical race theory, Kimberlé Crenshaw helped open the discussion of the double bind faced by victims of simultaneous racial and gender prejudice. Full bio - Artist
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Abby Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I'd like to try something new.
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我想要尝试一些新的事情。
00:15
Those of you who are able能够,
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能够参与的人
00:16
please stand up.
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请站起来一下。
00:20
OK, so I'm going to name名称 some names.
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接下来我要列出一些名字。
00:24
When you hear a name名称
that you don't recognize认识,
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当你听到一个从没听过的名字,
00:26
you can't tell me anything about them,
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关于这个名字你什么也不知道,
00:28
I'd like you to take a seat座位
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你就可以先坐下了。
00:30
and stay seated坐在.
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一直坐着
00:32
The last person standing常设,
we're going to see what they know. OK?
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最后站着的人,我们会看看他们知道什么,好吗?
00:35
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
00:37
All right.
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好的。
00:39
Eric埃里克 Garner谷仓.
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埃里克·加纳。
00:42
Mike麦克风 Brown棕色.
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马克·布朗。
00:47
Tamir塔米尔 Rice白饭.
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泰米尔·莱斯。
00:51
Freddie房地美 Gray灰色.
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弗雷迪·格雷。
00:56
So those of you who are still standing常设,
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所以现在还站着的人们,
00:58
I'd like you to turn around
and take a look.
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请你们看一下周围。
01:00
I'd say half to most of the people
are still standing常设.
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差不多过半数的人还都站着。
01:04
So let's continue继续.
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所以我们继续。
01:07
Michelle米歇尔 CusseauxCusseaux.
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米歇尔·柯索。
01:15
TanishaTanisha Anderson安德森.
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特妮莎·安德森。
01:22
Aura灵气 Rosser罗瑟.
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奥拉·罗瑟。
01:27
Meagan梅根 Hockaday霍卡迪.
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梅根·浩柯蒂。
01:30
So if we look around again,
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如果现在再看看周围,
01:32
there are about four people
still standing常设,
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差不多还有四个人站着,
01:35
and actually其实 I'm not going
to put you on the spot.
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其实我并不打算赶鸭子上架。
01:38
I just say that to encourage鼓励 transparency透明度,
so you can be seated坐在.
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当时说那话是为了鼓励公平透明,
你们现在可以坐下了。
01:41
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:44
So those of you who recognized认可
the first group of names know
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所以那些认出第一组名字的人知道
01:47
that these were African-Americans非洲裔美国人
who have been killed杀害 by the police警察
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这些是在过去的两年半中
01:51
over the last two and a half years年份.
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被警察杀掉的非裔美国人。
01:55
What you may可能 not know
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但你们可能不知道的是,
01:56
is that the other list名单
is also African-Americans非洲裔美国人
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另外一份名单也是在过去的两年内
02:01
who have been killed杀害
within the last two years年份.
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被警察杀掉的非裔美国人。
02:07
Only one thing distinguishes区分
the names that you know
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这两组名单中
02:11
from the names that you don't know:
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唯一的不同之处在于:
02:14
gender性别.
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性别。
02:16
So let me first let you know
that there's nothing at all distinct不同
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首先我想告诉大家
02:22
about this audience听众
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你们并不存在什么特殊的地方
02:24
that explains说明 the pattern模式 of recognition承认
that we've我们已经 just seen看到.
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可以用来解释我们刚才看到的认知模式。
02:28
I've doneDONE this exercise行使
dozens许多 of times around the country国家.
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这个实验我在全国范围内做过好多次。
02:32
I've doneDONE it to women's女士的
rights权利 organizations组织.
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我在女权组织中做过这个实验,
02:35
I've doneDONE it with civil国内 rights权利 groups.
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我在民权组织中做过这个实验。
02:37
I've doneDONE it with professors教授.
I've doneDONE it with students学生们.
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我对教授、学生、心理学家、
02:40
I've doneDONE it with psychologists心理学家.
I've doneDONE it with sociologists社会学家.
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社会学家都做过这个实验。
02:44
I've doneDONE it even with
progressive进步 members会员 of Congress国会.
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我甚至还对国会进步分子做过这个实验。
02:48
And everywhere到处, the awareness意识
of the level水平 of police警察 violence暴力
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不管在哪里,
02:52
that black黑色 women妇女 experience经验
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黑人女性受到警察暴力的事件
02:54
is exceedingly非常 low.
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都少有人关注。
02:57
Now, it is surprising奇怪, isn't it,
that this would be the case案件.
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这个情况是有些出人意料的,
03:01
I mean, there are two issues问题
involved参与 here.
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因为这里涉及到两个问题。
03:03
There's police警察 violence暴力
against反对 African-Americans非洲裔美国人,
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一是非裔美国人受到的警察暴力,
03:06
and there's violence暴力 against反对 women妇女,
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而是女性受到的暴力。
03:08
two issues问题 that have been
talked about a lot lately最近.
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这是两个我们最近经常提到的问题。
03:12
But when we think about
who is implicated牵连 by these problems问题,
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但是如果当我们去想这些问题的牵连者,
03:18
when we think about
who is victimized受害 by these problems问题,
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这些问题的受害者的时候,
03:21
the names of these black黑色 women妇女
never come to mind心神.
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这些黑人女性的名字就想不起来了。
03:25
Now, communications通讯 experts专家 tell us
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交流专家告诉我们,
03:28
that when facts事实 do not fit适合
with the available可得到 frames,
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当事实与已有框架不符时,
03:32
people have a difficult time
incorporating结合 new facts事实
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人们很难用已有的思考方式
03:36
into their way of thinking思维
about a problem问题.
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去思考新给出的事实。
03:41
These women's女士的 names
have slipped下滑 through通过 our consciousness意识
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在我们脑中,
这些女性的名字被一带而过,
03:44
because there are no frames
for us to see them,
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因为我们的思维框架
03:47
no frames for us to remember记得 them,
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不容许我们
03:50
no frames for us to hold保持 them.
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看到或者是记住它们。
03:53
As a consequence后果,
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因此,
03:55
reporters记者 don't lead with them,
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记者不会做头条报道,
03:58
policymakers政策制定者 don't think about them,
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当权者不予考虑,
04:01
and politicians政治家 aren't encouraged鼓励
or demanded要求 that they speak说话 to them.
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政治家不被鼓励或者要求
去谈及她们。
04:07
Now, you might威力 ask,
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你可能会问,
04:09
why does a frame matter?
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思维框架能有什么作用呢?
04:11
I mean, after all,
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毕竟,
04:12
an issue问题 that affects影响 black黑色 people
and an issue问题 that affects影响 women妇女,
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涉及到黑人和女性的问题
04:18
wouldn't不会 that necessarily一定 include包括
black黑色 people who are women妇女
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不就包括女性黑人
04:22
and women妇女 who are black黑色 people?
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或黑人女性吗?
04:25
Well, the simple简单 answer回答 is that this is
a trickle-down涓滴 approach途径 to social社会 justice正义,
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简单来说,
这就是社会公平的涓滴效应,
04:30
and many许多 times it just doesn't work.
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而且很多时候根本不起作用。
04:34
Without没有 frames that allow允许 us to see
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没有一个思维框架能让我们看到
04:36
how social社会 problems问题 impact碰撞
all the members会员 of a targeted针对 group,
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社会问题是怎样影响到
整个目标人群的,
04:41
many许多 will fall秋季 through通过 the cracks裂缝
of our movements运动,
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我们根本就不会为这些问题所动,
04:44
left to suffer遭受 in virtual虚拟 isolation隔离.
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更不用说忍受精神上的孤立了。
04:49
But it doesn't have to be this way.
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但是事情不一定非要这样。
04:54
Many许多 years年份 ago, I began开始 to use
the term术语 "intersectionality交叉性"
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很多年前,我开始用”交叉性“这个词
04:59
to deal合同 with the fact事实
that many许多 of our social社会 justice正义 problems问题
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来描述在很多社会公正问题中,
05:03
like racism种族主义 and sexism性别歧视
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像种族主义和性别主义
05:05
are often经常 overlapping重叠,
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经常是重叠的这样一个现象,
05:08
creating创建 multiple levels水平
of social社会 injustice不公正.
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它带来多方面的社会不公。
05:13
Now, the experience经验
that gave rise上升 to intersectionality交叉性
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而引起了我对这种交叉性的注意的,
05:18
was my chance机会 encounter遭遇
with a woman女人 named命名 Emma艾玛 DeGraffenreidDeGraffenreid.
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是与一个名为艾玛·德格芬雷的女性的偶遇
05:24
Emma艾玛 DeGraffenreidDeGraffenreid
was an African-American非裔美国人 woman女人,
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艾玛·德格芬雷是一名非裔美国女性、
05:28
a working加工 wife妻子 and a mother母亲.
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一位工作的妻子兼母亲。
05:30
I actually其实 read about Emma's艾玛的 story故事
from the pages网页 of a legal法律 opinion意见
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我实际上是从一个法律观点的界面上
读到艾玛的故事,
05:36
written书面 by a judge法官
who had dismissed驳回 Emma's艾玛的 claim要求
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而写这个的法官驳回了
05:40
of race种族 and gender性别 discrimination区别
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她对当地一家汽车生产公司
05:42
against反对 a local本地 car汽车 manufacturing制造业 plant.
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种族和性别歧视的上诉请求。
05:47
Emma艾玛, like so many许多 African-American非裔美国人 women妇女,
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艾玛,像其他众多非裔美国女性一样,
05:51
sought追捧 better employment雇用
for her family家庭 and for others其他.
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期望为家庭和他人争取更好的就业机会
05:55
She wanted to create创建 a better life
for her children孩子 and for her family家庭.
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她想为孩子和家庭带来更好的生活。
05:59
But she applied应用的 for a job工作,
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她应聘了一份工作,
06:01
and she was not hired雇用,
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但是并没有被雇佣,
06:03
and she believed相信 that she was not hired雇用
because she was a black黑色 woman女人.
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而她认为原因就在于她是一名黑人女性。
06:07
Now, the judge法官 in question
dismissed驳回 Emma's艾玛的 suit适合,
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而这个问题中的法官
驳回了她的申诉,
06:12
and the argument论据
for dismissing解聘 the suit适合 was
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理由是这家生产公司的老板
06:15
that the employer雇主
did hire聘请 African-Americans非洲裔美国人
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雇佣了非裔美国人,
06:19
and the employer雇主 hired雇用 women妇女.
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也雇佣了女性。
06:23
The real真实 problem问题, though虽然, that the judge法官
was not willing愿意 to acknowledge确认
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其中的关键,
虽然法官并不愿意承认,
06:27
was what Emma艾玛 was actually其实 trying to say,
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也是艾玛真正想说的
06:30
that the African-Americans非洲裔美国人
that were hired雇用,
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是那些受雇的非裔美国人,
06:33
usually平时 for industrial产业 jobs工作,
maintenance保养 jobs工作, were all men男人.
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通常在工业职位和维护职位,
都是男性。
06:39
And the women妇女 that were hired雇用,
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而受雇的女性
06:41
usually平时 for secretarial秘书的
or front-office前台办公 work,
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通常在秘书或前台之类的职位
06:44
were all white白色.
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都是白人。
06:46
Only if the court法庭 was able能够 to see
how these policies政策 came来了 together一起
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如果法官能够看到
这些政策的结合
06:51
would he be able能够 to see
the double discrimination区别
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他就能注意到
06:55
that Emma艾玛 DeGraffenreidDeGraffenreid was facing面对.
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艾玛·德格芬雷受到的双重歧视。
06:58
But the court法庭 refused拒绝 to allow允许 Emma艾玛
to put two causes原因 of action行动 together一起
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但是法官不许艾玛把这两个原因联系到一起
07:04
to tell her story故事
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去讲述她的故事
07:05
because he believed相信 that,
by allowing允许 her to do that,
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因为他坚信如果允许艾玛这样做,
07:09
she would be able能够
to have preferential优惠 treatment治疗.
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她就能够享受优惠待遇。
07:13
She would have an advantage优点
by having two swings波动 at the bat蝙蝠,
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她就比单讲非裔美国男性和白人女性
07:19
when African-American非裔美国人 men男人 and white白色 women妇女
only had one swing摇摆 at the bat蝙蝠.
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多了一倍胜算。
07:24
But of course课程, neither也不
African-American非裔美国人 men男人 or white白色 women妇女
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当然,非裔美国人和白人女性也并不需要
07:29
needed需要 to combine结合 a race种族
and gender性别 discrimination区别 claim要求
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结合种族和性别
07:34
to tell the story故事 of the discrimination区别
they were experiencing经历.
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来讨论他们受到的歧视。
07:39
Why wasn't the real真实 unfairness不平
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为什么真正不公平的法律
07:42
law's法律的 refusal拒绝 to protect保护
African-American非裔美国人 women妇女
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拒绝保护非裔美国女性
07:46
simply只是 because their experiences经验
weren't exactly究竟 the same相同
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不是仅仅因为她们的经历
07:50
as white白色 women妇女 and African-American非裔美国人 men男人?
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与白人女性和非裔美国男性的不完全相同?
07:55
Rather than broadening扩大 the frame
to include包括 African-American非裔美国人 women妇女,
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与其将框架拓宽到
把非裔美国女性包含进来。
08:00
the court法庭 simply只是 tossed their case案件
completely全然 out of court法庭.
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法院选择对她们的案子置之不理
08:06
Now, as a student学生
of antidiscrimination反歧视 law,
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作为反歧视法的学习者,
08:10
as a feminist女权主义者,
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作为女权主义者,
08:11
as an antiracist反种族主义,
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作为反歧视者,
08:13
I was struck来袭 by this case案件.
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我被这个案子震惊到了。
08:17
It felt to me like injustice不公正 squared平方.
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给我的感觉就像社会不公正大获全胜。
08:21
So first of all,
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首先,
08:24
black黑色 women妇女 weren't allowed允许
to work at the plant.
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黑人女性不允许在这个公司工作;
08:27
Second第二 of all, the court法庭
doubled翻倍 down on this exclusion排除
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其次,法庭让这件事情变得微不足道
08:31
by making制造 it legally法律上 inconsequential无关紧要.
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对它进行了双重否定;
08:35
And to boot, there was
no name名称 for this problem问题.
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最后,这个问题不了了之。
08:39
And we all know that,
where there's no name名称 for a problem问题,
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我们都知道,有实无名的问题
08:43
you can't see a problem问题,
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根本就不会被人们注意到;
08:44
and when you can't see a problem问题,
you pretty漂亮 much can't solve解决 it.
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如果人们都没有注意到,
一般也解决不了。
08:50
Many许多 years年份 later后来, I had come to recognize认识
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多年之后,我意识到
08:52
that the problem问题 that Emma艾玛 was facing面对
was a framing取景 problem问题.
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艾玛遇到的问题其实是
因为我们思维受限。
08:59
The frame that the court法庭 was using运用
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审判人员们审视
09:01
to see gender性别 discrimination区别
or to see race种族 discrimination区别
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性别或者种族歧视时用到的框架
09:06
was partial局部, and it was distorting扭曲.
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是不全面并且歪曲的。
09:10
For me, the challenge挑战 that I faced面对 was
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对我来说,我面临的挑战是
09:12
trying to figure数字 out whether是否
there was an alternative替代 narrative叙述,
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能不能找到另一种描述方法。
09:17
a prism棱镜 that would allow允许 us
to see Emma's艾玛的 dilemma困境,
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通过这种方法,
我们可以体会到她面临的困境,
09:22
a prism棱镜 that would allow允许 us
to rescue拯救 her from the cracks裂缝 in the law,
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将她从灰色地带中解救出来,
09:28
that would allow允许 judges法官 to see her story故事.
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让法官能够看到她的故事。
09:33
So it occurred发生 to me,
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我突然想到,
09:34
maybe a simple简单 analogy比喻 to an intersection路口
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或许将这个问题简单比喻成十字路口
09:39
might威力 allow允许 judges法官
to better see Emma's艾玛的 dilemma困境.
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可以让法官们更好地了解艾玛的困境。
09:44
So if we think about this intersection路口,
the roads道路 to the intersection路口 would be
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照这样想,组成十字路口的两条路就好比
09:49
the way that the workforce劳动力
was structured结构化的 by race种族 and by gender性别.
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劳动力中性别和种族这两种组成。
09:56
And then the traffic交通 in those roads道路
would be the hiring招聘 policies政策
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在路上行驶的车辆就会是
10:00
and the other practices做法
that ran through通过 those roads道路.
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现行的招聘政策和各种条例。
10:05
Now, because Emma艾玛
was both black黑色 and female,
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因为艾玛同时是黑人和女性,
10:10
she was positioned定位的 precisely恰恰
where those roads道路 overlapped重叠,
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她恰好处于两条路交界的地方,
10:15
experiencing经历 the simultaneous同时 impact碰撞
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因此经历工作场合中
10:20
of the company's公司 gender性别 and race种族 traffic交通.
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性别和种族的双重影响。
10:25
The law -- the law is
like that ambulance救护车 that shows节目 up
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法律就好像是救护车,
10:31
and is ready准备 to treat对待 Emma艾玛
only if it can be shown显示
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随时准备对艾玛进行治疗,
10:34
that she was harmed伤害
on the race种族 road or on the gender性别 road
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但它只会在艾玛在种族或者性别
任一条路上受伤时才出现,
10:39
but not where those roads道路 intersected相交.
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而并不会在交叉的地方出现。
10:43
So what do you call
being存在 impacted影响 by multiple forces军队
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所以你怎么去称谓
这种受到多重来源的影响
10:49
and then abandoned to fend挡开 for yourself你自己?
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接下来又全部放弃以求自保?
10:53
Intersectionality交叉性 seemed似乎 to do it for me.
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交叉性似乎能够满足我对它的定义。
10:58
I would go on to learn学习
that African-American非裔美国人 women妇女,
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我会继续去了解非裔美国女性,
11:02
like other women妇女 of color颜色,
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就像其他有色人种的女性一样,
11:04
like other socially社交上 marginalized边缘化 people
all over the world世界,
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就像全世界其他处在社会边缘的人一样,
11:08
were facing面对 all kinds
of dilemmas困境 and challenges挑战
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他们都在面对各种各样的困境和挑战。
11:12
as a consequence后果 of intersectionality交叉性,
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这些困境和挑战都是由交叉性带来的,
11:15
intersections十字路口 of race种族 and gender性别,
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比如种族和性别的交叉,
11:19
of heterosexism异性恋, transphobia跨性别恐惧症,
xenophobia排外主义, ableismableism,
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由异性恋主义、变性恐惧、
仇外心理、体能歧视带来的交叉,
11:24
all of these social社会 dynamics动力学 come together一起
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所有这些社会动向聚集到一起
11:29
and create创建 challenges挑战
that are sometimes有时 quite相当 unique独特.
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就会带来有时候十分特别的挑战。
11:35
But in the same相同 way
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但同样的道理,
11:36
that intersectionality交叉性
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这种交叉性
11:39
raised上调 our awareness意识 to the way
that black黑色 women妇女 live生活 their lives生活,
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也使得我们注意到黑人女性生活的方式,
11:45
it also exposes自曝 the tragic悲惨 circumstances情况
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向我们展示了非裔美国女性
11:49
under which哪一个 African-American非裔美国人 women妇女 die.
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死去时的惨境。
11:54
Police警察 violence暴力 against反对 black黑色 women妇女
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针对非裔美国女性的警察暴力事件
11:58
is very real真实.
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并不少见。
12:00
The level水平 of violence暴力
that black黑色 women妇女 face面对
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黑人女性受到的暴力程度之深,
12:02
is such这样 that it's not surprising奇怪
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以至于一些人在遇到警察之后
12:05
that some of them do not survive生存
their encounters遭遇 with police警察.
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就没能存活下来。
12:11
Black黑色 girls女孩 as young年轻 as seven,
190
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3456
下至七岁的黑人幼女,
12:14
great grandmothers祖母 as old as 95
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上至过九旬的黑人老妪,
12:19
have been killed杀害 by the police警察.
192
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都有被警察杀害的案例。
12:21
They've他们已经 been killed杀害 in their living活的 rooms客房,
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她们在自家客厅、
12:24
in their bedrooms卧室.
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卧室、
12:26
They've他们已经 been killed杀害 in their cars汽车.
195
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汽车中、
12:29
They've他们已经 been killed杀害 on the street.
196
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1936
街道上、
12:31
They've他们已经 been killed杀害
in front面前 of their parents父母
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父母面前、
12:34
and they've他们已经 been killed杀害
in front面前 of their children孩子.
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甚至时孩子面前遇害。
12:38
They have been shot射击 to death死亡.
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有的是被击毙;
12:41
They have been stomped跺着脚 to death死亡.
200
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有的被踩死;
12:43
They have been suffocated窒息 to death死亡.
201
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有的被扼死;
12:46
They have been manhandled动粗 to death死亡.
202
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2936
有的被虐待致死;
12:49
They have been taseredtasered to death死亡.
203
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有的被用泰瑟枪打死。
12:53
They've他们已经 been killed杀害
when they've他们已经 called for help.
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她们在乞求帮助时被杀害;
12:57
They've他们已经 been killed杀害 when they were alone单独,
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在独身一人时被杀害;
13:00
and they've他们已经 been killed杀害
when they were with others其他.
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在人群中间时被杀害。
13:04
They've他们已经 been killed杀害 shopping购物 while black黑色,
207
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因为是黑人,她们在购物时被杀害,
13:08
driving主动 while black黑色,
208
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在开车时被杀害,
13:11
having a mental心理 disability失能 while black黑色,
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在出现精神问题的时候被杀害,
13:15
having a domestic国内 disturbance骚乱 while black黑色.
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在出现家庭争执时被杀害,
13:19
They've他们已经 even been killed杀害
being存在 homeless无家可归 while black黑色.
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甚至是在无家可归时被杀害。
13:24
They've他们已经 been killed杀害
talking on the cell细胞 phone电话,
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她们在讲电话时
13:26
laughing with friends朋友,
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与朋友笑闹时
13:29
sitting坐在 in a car汽车 reported报道 as stolen被盗
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坐在报失的车辆上时
13:32
and making制造 a U-turn掉头
in front面前 of the White白色 House
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在白宫前为有婴孩在后座的汽车调头时
13:35
with an infant婴儿 strapped
in the backseat后座 of the car汽车.
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都会被杀害
13:40
Why don't we know these stories故事?
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为什么我们从来没有听到过这种故事呢?
13:44
Why is it that their lost丢失 lives生活
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为什么她们失去的生命
13:48
don't generate生成 the same相同 amount
of media媒体 attention注意 and communal公社 outcry喊叫
219
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并没有造成与她们倒下的兄弟
13:53
as the lost丢失 lives生活
of their fallen堕落 brothers兄弟?
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同等的媒体关注和集体抗议呢?
13:57
It's time for a change更改.
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是时候做出改变了
14:03
So what can we do?
222
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我们能做些什么呢?
14:06
In 2014, the African-American非裔美国人
Policy政策 Forum论坛 began开始 to demand需求
223
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2014年,非裔美国人政策论坛
14:12
that we "say her name名称"
224
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开始要求我们"说出她的名字“,
14:16
at rallies集会, at protests抗议,
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无论是在集会上,在抗议中
14:19
at conferences会议, at meetings会议,
226
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在会议中
14:22
anywhere随地 and everywhere到处
227
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在任何场合
14:25
that state violence暴力 against反对 black黑色 bodies身体
is being存在 discussed讨论.
228
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还是其他陈述针对黑人群体的暴力行为的议题中。
14:30
But saying her name名称 is not enough足够.
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然而仅仅说出她的名字是远远不够的,
14:33
We have to be willing愿意 to do more.
230
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我们要做的还有很多。
14:36
We have to be willing愿意 to bear witness见证,
231
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我们要能够接受眼前的现实,
14:39
to bear witness见证
to the often经常 painful痛苦 realities现实
232
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接受那些经常是十分痛苦的现实,
14:42
that we would just rather not confront面对,
233
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那些我们不愿面对的现实,
14:45
the everyday每天 violence暴力 and humiliation屈辱
that many许多 black黑色 women妇女 have had to face面对,
234
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那些黑人女性每天都会面对的
暴力和羞辱
14:52
black黑色 women妇女 across横过 color颜色,
235
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针对黑人女性肤色,
14:54
age年龄, gender性别 expression表达,
236
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年龄,性别表达
14:57
sexuality性欲 and ability能力.
237
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性取向和能力等等
15:01
So we have the opportunity机会 right now --
238
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所以我们现在有个机会
15:05
bearing轴承 in mind心神 that some of the images图片
that I'm about to share分享 with you
239
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来铭记我接下来将会与大家分享的一些图片
15:09
may可能 be triggering触发 for some --
240
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去见证这种暴力
15:12
to collectively bear witness见证
to some of this violence暴力.
241
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这对于一些人来说可能会很有触动性
15:18
We're going to hear the voice语音
of the phenomenal非凡的 Abby艾比 Dobson多布森.
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我们将会听到传奇的艾比·道布森的声音
15:23
And as we sit with these women妇女,
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当我们与这些女性坐在一起的时候
15:26
some who have experienced有经验的 violence暴力
and some who have not survived幸存 them,
244
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有一些经历过暴力
有一些没能从中活过来
15:33
we have an opportunity机会
245
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我们有一个机会
15:34
to reverse相反 what happened发生
at the beginning开始 of this talk,
246
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来扭转这次讲话刚开始时
15:38
when we could not stand for these women妇女
247
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我们因为不知道她们的名字
15:41
because we did not know their names.
248
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而没能为这些女性而站立的局面
15:45
So at the end结束 of this clip,
there's going to be a roll call.
249
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所以在这次剪辑的结尾
将会有一个点名
15:50
Several一些 black黑色 women's女士的 names will come up.
250
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一些黑人女性的名字会被点出来
15:54
I'd like those of you who are able能够
to join加入 us in saying these names
251
942800
4936
我希望能加入我们的人,
在说出这些名字的时候
15:59
as loud as you can,
252
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声音越大越好
16:02
randomly随机, disorderly.
253
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2736
随机喊,没有顺序
16:04
Let's create创建 a cacophony杂音 of sound声音
254
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让我们喊出一群嘈杂的声音
16:08
to represent代表 our intention意向
255
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来代表我们的意愿
16:11
to hold保持 these women妇女 up,
256
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2040
去拥抱这些女性
16:14
to sit with them,
257
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与她们坐在一起
16:15
to bear witness见证 to them,
258
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见证她们的遭遇
16:18
to bring带来 them into the light.
259
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把她们带向光明
16:28
(Singing唱歌) Abby艾比 Dobson多布森: Say,
260
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(唱)艾比·道布森:说出来
16:35
say her name名称.
261
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6000
说出她的名字
16:42
Say,
262
990640
6120
说出来
16:50
say her name名称.
263
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4176
说出她的名字
16:54
(Audience听众) Shelly雪莉!
264
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1200
(观众):雪莉!
16:56
(Audience听众) Kayla凯拉!
265
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(观众):凯拉!
16:57
AD广告: Oh,
266
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艾比·道布森: 噢
17:05
say her name名称.
267
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说出她的名字
17:11
(Audience听众 shouting叫喊 names)
268
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(观众呼喊着名字)
17:14
Say, say,
269
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6960
说出来,说出来
17:21
say her name名称.
270
1029760
5760
说出她的名字
17:29
Say her name名称.
271
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5496
说出她的名字
17:34
For all the names
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因为所有这些名字
17:37
I'll never know,
273
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我将永远不会知道
17:44
say her name名称.
274
1052680
3096
说出她的名字
17:47
KCKC: AiyannaAiyanna Stanley斯坦利 Jones琼斯,
JanishaJanisha FonvilleFonville,
275
1055800
2776
金伯莉·克伦肖: 艾亚娜·斯坦利·琼斯,
查妮莎·丰维尔,
17:50
Kathryn凯瑟琳 Johnston约翰斯顿, Kayla凯拉 Moore穆尔,
276
1058600
2336
凯瑟琳·约翰斯顿,凯拉·穆尔,
17:52
Michelle米歇尔 CusseauxCusseaux, RekiaRekia Boyd博伊德,
277
1060960
2856
米歇尔·卡索,瑞卡·博伊德,
17:55
Shelly雪莉 Frey弗雷, TarikaTarika的, Yvette伊薇特 Smith工匠.
278
1063840
4440
雪莉·弗雷, 塔里卡, 伊维特·史密斯 .
18:00
AD广告: Say her name名称.
279
1068880
6640
艾比·道布森: 说出她的名字
18:11
KCKC: So I said at the beginning开始,
280
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2856
金伯莉·克伦肖:所以我在开始时说过
18:13
if we can't see a problem问题,
281
1081920
2760
如果我们看不到一个问题
18:17
we can't fix固定 a problem问题.
282
1085800
1520
我们就无法解决它
18:20
Together一起, we've我们已经 come together一起
to bear witness见证
283
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3416
我们一起来见证
18:24
to these women's女士的 lost丢失 lives生活.
284
1092000
2080
这些女性丧失的生命
18:27
But the time now is to move移动
285
1095160
2456
但是现在是时间
18:29
from mourning and grief哀思
286
1097640
2496
从哀恸和悲伤中
18:32
to action行动 and transformation转型.
287
1100160
2760
走向行动和转变
18:36
This is something that we can do.
288
1104120
2240
这是我们可以做到的
18:39
It's up to us.
289
1107440
1400
是由我们自己决定的
18:42
Thank you for joining加盟 us.
290
1110840
1896
谢谢大家加入我们
18:44
Thank you.
291
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1216
谢谢大家
18:46
(Applause掌声)
292
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2320
(掌声)
Translated by Claire Zhang
Reviewed by Jiawei Ni

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ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Kimberlé Crenshaw - Civil rights advocate
As a pioneer in critical race theory, Kimberlé Crenshaw helped open the discussion of the double bind faced by victims of simultaneous racial and gender prejudice.

Why you should listen

Kimberlé Crenshaw, professor of law at UCLA and Columbia Law School, is a leading authority in the area of cvil rights, Black feminist legal theory, and race, racism and the law. Her work has been foundational in two fields of study that have come to be known by terms that she coined: critical race theory and intersectionality.

Crenshaw’s articles have appeared in the Harvard Law Review, National Black Law Journal, Stanford Law Review and Southern California Law Review. She is the founding coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Workshop, and the co-editor of the volume, Critical Race Theory: Key Documents That Shaped the Movement. She has lectured widely on race matters, addressing audiences across the country as well as in Europe, India, Africa and South America. A specialist on race and gender equality, she has facilitated workshops for human rights activists in Brazil and in India, and for constitutional court judges in South Africa. Her groundbreaking work on intersectionality has traveled globally and was influential in the drafting of the equality clause in the South African Constitution.

Crenshaw authored the background paper on race and gender discrimination for the United Nation's World Conference on Racism, served as the rapporteur for the conference's expert group on gender and race discrimination, and coordinated NGO efforts to ensure the inclusion of gender in the WCAR Conference Declaration. She is a leading voice in calling for a gender-inclusive approach to racial justice interventions, having spearheaded the "Why We Can't Wait" campaign and co-authored Black Girls Matter: Pushed Out, Overpoliced and Underprotected, and Say Her Name: Resisting Police Brutality Against Black Women.

Crenshaw has worked extensively on a variety of issues pertaining to gender and race in the domestic arena including violence against women, structural racial inequality and affirmative action. She has served as a member of the National Science Foundation's committee to research violence against women and has consulted with leading foundations, social justice organizations and corporations to advance their race and gender equity initiatives.

In 1996, she co-founded the African American Policy Forum to house a variety of projects designed to deliver research-based strategies to better advance social inclusion. Among the Forum's projects are the Affirmative Action Research and Policy Consortium and the Multiracial Literacy and Leadership Initiative. In partnership with the Aspen Roundtable for Community Change, Crenshaw facilitated workshops on racial equity for hundreds of community leaders and organizations throughout the country. With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation, Crenshaw facilitates the Bellagio Project, an international network of scholars working in the field of social inclusion from five continents. She formerly served as Committee Chair for the U.S.-Brazil Joint Action Plan to Promote Racial and Ethnic Equality, an initiative of the U.S. State Department.

Crenshaw has received the Fulbright Distinguished Chair for Latin America, the Alphonse Fletcher Fellowship and was a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University in 2009 and a Visiting Fellow at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy in 2010. Currently, Crenshaw is director of the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies  at Columbia Law School, which she founded in 2011, as well as the Centennial Professor at the LSE Gender Institute 2015-2018. Crenshaw received her J.D. from Harvard, L.L.M. from University of Wisconsin and B.A. from Cornell University.

More profile about the speaker
Kimberlé Crenshaw | Speaker | TED.com
Abby Dobson - Artist
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Abby Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change.

Why you should listen

Abby Dobson is the 2016 artist-in-residence with the African American Policy Forum (AAPF). A sonic conceptualist artist, Dobson's sound is the alchemy of R&B/Soul, jazz, classic pop, gospel and folk, forging a gem that erases musical boundaries. Dobson has performed at venues such as S.O.B's, Kennedy Center Millennium Stage, Apollo Theater, Blue Note Jazz Club, Queens Museum and "The Tonight Show." Her debut album, Sleeping Beauty: You Are the One You Have Been Waiting On, was released in 2010 to glowing reviews. Featured on Talib Kweli’s album Gravitas on State of Grace, Dobson was also nominated for a 2014 BET Hip Hop Award for Best Impact Song.

Dobson received a Juris Doctorate degree from Georgetown University Law Center and a Bachelor's degree from Williams College in Political Science and History. Her interests have been deeply impacted by intersectionality discourse and critical race theory. An artist and independent scholar, Dobson's interests focus on the intersection of race and gender in the imagination, creation and consumption of music. A sampling of recent presentations include: International James Baldwin Conference at American University of Paris (2016), Association for the Study of African American History and Life Conference (2013-2015); Anna Julia Cooper Project at Tulane University (2013); and National Women's Studies Association (NWSA) Conference (2013).

Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change. She creates music to privilege black female voices and highlight the human condition. Inspired by AAPF’s social justice work, Dobson composed and performs "Say Her Name" in tribute to the black women lost to state and non-state violence.

Dobson also volunteers with the National Organization for Women, NYC Chapter's Activist Alliance serving as a member of its Intersectionality Committee. She is currently wrapping up recording for Sister Outsider, the follow-up to her debut album, slated for release in 2017.

More profile about the speaker
Abby Dobson | Speaker | TED.com