TED Salon Verizon
Ruby Sales: How we can start to heal the pain of racial division
露比 · 塞尔斯: 我们如何开始治愈种族隔离之痛
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“哪里疼？”这是活动家和教育家露比 塞尔斯在美国旅行时提出的问题，她深入研究了美国的种族主义遗留问题，并寻找治愈的途径。在这篇感人的演讲中，她分享了自己学到的东西，回顾了她在民权运动中作为自由斗士的经历，并提出了关于种族平等途径的新思考。
Ruby Sales - Activist, scholar, educator
Ruby Sales has preached around the country on race, class, gender and reconciliation. Full bio
Ruby Sales has preached around the country on race, class, gender and reconciliation. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I want to share with you
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我想和你们分享
00:17
a moment in my life
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在我生命里
00:20
when the hurt and wounds of racism
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一次被种族歧视
00:25
were both deadly and paralyzing for me.
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伤害、折磨到发狂的经历。
00:32
And I think what I've learned
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我觉得我从中学到的，
00:35
can be a source of healing for all of us.
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也可以成为治愈我们
所有人的解药。
所有人的解药。
00:41
When I was 17 years old,
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在我17岁时，
00:47
I was a college student
at Tuskegee University,
at Tuskegee University,
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我是塔斯基吉大学的一名学生，
00:54
and I was a worker
in the Southern freedom movement,
in the Southern freedom movement,
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我也是南方解放运动的一员，
00:59
which we call the Civil Rights Movement.
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我们称之为民权运动。
01:05
During this time,
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在这段时间里，
01:08
I met another young 26-year-old,
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我遇到了另一个只有26岁的
01:14
white seminary and college student
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白人大学生。
01:17
named Jonathan Daniels,
from Cambridge, Massachusetts.
from Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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他叫乔纳森·丹尼尔斯，
来自马萨诸塞州剑桥市
来自马萨诸塞州剑桥市
01:22
He and I
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他和我
01:24
were both part of a generation
of idealistic young people,
of idealistic young people,
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都是年轻的理想主义者，
01:31
whose life has been ignited
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我们的生命
01:35
by the freedom fire
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都被那自由之火点亮
01:37
that ordinary black people
were spreading around the nation
were spreading around the nation
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普普通通的黑人们在
国内传播自由的信念
国内传播自由的信念
01:42
and throughout the South.
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响彻了整个南方。
01:46
We had come to Lowndes County
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为了参加运动
01:50
to work in the movement.
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我们来到朗兹县。
01:53
And it was a nonviolent movement
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那是个非暴力运动
01:56
to redeem the souls of America.
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为了救赎美国的灵魂。
02:00
We believe that everyone,
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我们相信每一个人
02:04
both black and white,
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不论是白人还是黑人，
02:07
people in the South,
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身处南方的人，
02:09
could find a redemptive pathway
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可以找到一条救赎之路
02:13
out of the stranglehold of racism
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走出种族主义的束缚
02:16
that had gripped them
for more than 400 years.
for more than 400 years.
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走出400多年来对他们的禁锢。
02:24
And on a hot, summer day in August,
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在一个炎热的、8月份的某天，
02:29
Jonathan and I joined a demonstration
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乔纳森和我
02:33
of local young black people,
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一起参与了当地年轻黑人的示威，
02:36
who were protesting the exploitation
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他们对黑佃农被剥削一事
02:40
[of] black sharecroppers
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提出抗议，
02:45
by rich land holders
who cheated them out of their money.
who cheated them out of their money.
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富有的地主们克扣了
佃农的工资。
佃农的工资。
02:54
We decided to demonstrate alongside them.
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我们决定同他们一起示威。
02:59
And on the morning that we showed up
for the demonstration,
for the demonstration,
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在我们参加示威的那个早晨，
03:04
we were met with a mob
of howling white men
of howling white men
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我们遇到了一群
大喊大叫的白人
大喊大叫的白人
03:09
with baseball bats, shotguns
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他们拿着棒球棍和猎枪
03:15
and any weapon that you could imagine.
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以及你能想到的所有凶器。
03:18
And they were threatening to kill us.
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他们威胁要杀了我们。
03:22
And the sheriff,
seeing the danger that we faced,
seeing the danger that we faced,
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然而警长在看到这危险的一幕后，
03:28
arrested us and put us on a garbage truck
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逮捕了我们，还把
我们扔进垃圾车
我们扔进垃圾车
03:33
and took us to the local jail,
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把我们带回当地的监狱，
03:37
where we were put in cells
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我们被关进牢房
03:41
with the most inhumane
conditions you can imagine.
conditions you can imagine.
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忍受着你无法想象的恶劣条件。
03:46
And we were threatened by the jailers
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我们被狱警胁迫，
03:51
with drinking water
that came from toilets.
that came from toilets.
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喝厕所里的水。
03:59
We were finally released on the sixth day,
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六天后，我们终于被释放，
没有任何通知和征兆。
04:05
without any knowledge,
without any forewarning.
without any forewarning.
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04:09
Just out of the clear blue sky,
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就在一无所知的情况下，
04:11
we were made to leave.
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我们被迫离开。
04:14
And we knew that this
was a dangerous sign,
was a dangerous sign,
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我们都感觉到危险将要来临，
04:18
because Goodman, Schwerner and Chaney
had also been forced to leave jail
had also been forced to leave jail
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因为之前古德曼，施沃纳和钱尼
也被强制离开，
也被强制离开，
04:24
and were murdered because no one knew
what had happened to them.
what had happened to them.
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他们都被杀害了，
因为没有人知道他们经历了什么。
因为没有人知道他们经历了什么。
04:29
And so, despite our fervent resistance,
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即使我们强烈抵抗，
04:35
the sheriff made us leave the jail,
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警长还是要求我们离开，
04:38
and of course, nobody was waiting for us.
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当然，没有人在监狱外迎接我们。
04:44
It was hot,
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那天真热，
04:48
one of those Southern days
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南方的天就是那样，
04:50
where you could
literally feel the pavement --
literally feel the pavement --
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你能真切的感觉到
马路上渗出的蒸汽，
04:54
the vapor seeping out of the pavement.
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05:00
And the group of about 14 of us
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我们一行14人
05:05
selected Jonathan Daniels,
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选了乔纳森·丹尼尔斯,
05:09
Father Morrisroe, who had recently
come to the county,
come to the county,
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刚来这个郡的莫里斯神父。
05:13
Joyce Bailey, a local 17-year-old girl
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一个当地的17岁的女孩，
乔伊斯·贝利，
乔伊斯·贝利，
05:19
and I to go and get the drinks.
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还有我，一起去找点水喝。
05:23
When we got to the door,
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当我们走到门口，
05:26
a white man was standing
in the doorway with a shotgun,
in the doorway with a shotgun,
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一个白人拿着猎枪站在门口，
05:30
and he said, "Bitch,
I'll blow your brains out!"
I'll blow your brains out!"
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他嚷着，“贱人，
我要打爆你的脑子！”
我要打爆你的脑子！”
05:36
And before I could even react,
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就在我还没反应过来的时候，
05:39
before I could even process
what was going on,
what was going on,
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我甚至没搞清楚发生了什么，
05:43
Jonathan intentionally pulled my blouse,
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乔纳森有意地扯了我的外套，
05:48
and I fell back, thinking that I was dead.
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然后我摔倒了，以为自己死了。
05:53
And in that instant, when I looked up,
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就在那一刻，当我抬头看时，
05:56
Jonathan Daniels
was standing in the line of fire,
was standing in the line of fire,
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乔纳森·丹尼尔斯站在火光中，
06:01
and he took the blast,
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他被击中了，
06:04
and he saved my life.
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他救了我的命。
06:15
I was so traumatized
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我被这件事彻底的
打击和折磨，
打击和折磨，
06:19
and paralyzed by that event,
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受到深深的伤害，
06:24
where Tom Coleman deliberately,
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汤姆·科尔曼在那里从容不迫的，
06:30
with malicious intent,
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带着恶毒的敌意，
06:33
killed my beloved friend and colleague,
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杀了我挚爱的朋友和同事，
06:37
Jonathan Myrick Daniels.
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乔纳森 · 迈里克 · 丹尼尔斯。
06:47
On that day,
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就在那一天，
06:50
which was one of the most
important days in my life,
important days in my life,
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我生命中最重要的一天，
06:54
I saw both love and hate
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我同时看见了爱和恨
06:58
coming from two very different white men
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来自完全不同的两个白人
07:02
that represented the best
and the worst of white America.
and the worst of white America.
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代表着美国白人最善良
和最糟糕的两面。
和最糟糕的两面。
07:10
So deep was my hurt
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我的伤如此之痛，
07:12
at seeing Tom Coleman
murder Jonathan before my eyes,
murder Jonathan before my eyes,
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看见汤姆·科尔曼在我
面前杀死了乔纳森，
面前杀死了乔纳森，
07:17
that I became a silent person,
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从此我变得沉默寡言，
07:20
and I did not speak
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之后六个月
07:23
for six months.
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我再没有说过话。
07:28
I finally learned to touch that hurt in me
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当我尝试触碰心里的伤痛，
07:33
as I became older
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是在我又长大了一些的时候。
07:35
and began to talk about
the Southern freedom movement,
the Southern freedom movement,
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我开始和别人说起南方自由运动，
07:40
and began to connect my stories
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我也开始将我的故事
07:42
with the stories of my other colleagues
and freedom fighters,
and freedom fighters,
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和我其他同事、解放者们
的故事连接在一起，
的故事连接在一起，
07:48
who, like me, had faced
deadly trauma of racism,
deadly trauma of racism,
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他们也和我一样，
面对种族主义带来的死亡之痛，
面对种族主义带来的死亡之痛，
07:54
and who had lost friends along the way,
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他们有一些在过程中
失去了朋友，
失去了朋友，
07:57
and who themselves
have been beaten and thrown in jail.
have been beaten and thrown in jail.
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也有些人曾遭受暴力袭击
或被扔进监狱。
或被扔进监狱。
08:07
It is 50 years later.
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50年过去了。
08:13
Many people were beaten
and thrown in jail.
and thrown in jail.
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有很多人被暴力袭击
或者扔进监狱。
或者扔进监狱。
08:18
Others were murdered
like Jonathan Daniels.
like Jonathan Daniels.
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还有一些人像乔纳森 · 丹尼尔斯一样
死去了。
死去了。
08:22
And yet, we are still, as a nation,
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然而，作为一个国家，
08:27
mired down
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我们仍然沉浸在
种族主义的流沙中，
种族主义的流沙中，
08:30
in the quicksand of racism.
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无法自拔。
08:38
And everywhere I go around the nation,
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当我走过祖国的每一处角落，
08:42
I see and hear the hurt.
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我都能看见、听见那种伤痛。
08:47
And I ask people everywhere,
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我问各地的人，
08:49
"Tell me, where does it hurt?"
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“告诉我，到底是哪里在痛？”
08:53
Do you see and feel the hurt
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你能和我一样，
08:57
that I see and feel?
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看见或者感受到那种痛吗？
09:01
I feel and see the hurt
in black and brown people
in black and brown people
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我感受到、也能看到，
黑皮肤以及棕皮肤
黑皮肤以及棕皮肤
09:07
who every day feel
the vicious volley of racism
the vicious volley of racism
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他们每天都会感受到
种族主义恶毒的霸凌
种族主义恶毒的霸凌
09:16
and every day have their
civil and human rights stripped away.
civil and human rights stripped away.
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每天都在剥夺他们的
公民权利和人权。
公民权利和人权。
09:22
And the people who do this
use stereotypes and myths
use stereotypes and myths
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而那些人用着同一套模式和方法
09:27
to justify doing it.
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证明他们没有错。
09:33
Everywhere I go,
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我去的每个地方，
09:36
I see and hear women
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我看见和听见女人们
09:43
who speak out against --
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大声控诉着 --
09:46
who speak out against
men who invade our bodies.
men who invade our bodies.
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控诉着一些男人们
侵犯了我们的身体。
侵犯了我们的身体。
09:52
These same men who then turn around --
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这些男人一转身 --
09:56
the same men who promote racism
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同样是他们，又宣扬了种族主义
09:59
and then turn around and steal our labor
and pay us unequal wages.
and pay us unequal wages.
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然后掉过头又去剥削我们的劳力，
付给我们不公平的薪水。
付给我们不公平的薪水。
10:07
I hear and feel the hurt of white men
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我听见和看见了白人男性
10:11
at the betrayal by
the same powerful white men
the same powerful white men
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被同样更强大的
白人背叛和伤害
白人背叛和伤害
10:16
who tell them that their skin color
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他们说他们皮肤的颜色
10:20
is their ticket to a good life and power,
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是幸福和权利的通行证，
10:24
only to discover,
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只要去发现，
10:27
as the circle of whiteness narrows,
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当白色文化的程度变小
10:30
that their tickets have expired
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他们的通行证也过期了，
10:33
and no longer carry first-class status.
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也再不能享受头等舱的待遇了。
10:39
Now that we've touched the hurt,
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现在我们触碰到了伤痛，
10:42
we must ask ourselves,
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我们必须问自己，
10:45
"Where does it hurt
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“到底是哪里在痛”
10:48
and what is the source of the hurt?"
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“痛苦来自哪里？”
10:55
I propose that we must look
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我提议必须深入了解
11:00
deeply into the culture of whiteness.
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“白色文化”的本质
11:04
That is a river that drowns out
all of our identities
all of our identities
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那是一条淹没了我们
所有特征的河流
所有特征的河流
11:09
and drowns us in false uniformity
to protect the status quo.
to protect the status quo.
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让我们在虚假的
和谐中维持现状。
和谐中维持现状。
11:16
Notice, everybody,
I said culture of whiteness,
I said culture of whiteness,
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请注意，所有人，
我说的“白色”文化。
我说的“白色”文化。
11:21
and not white people.
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不是“白人”。
11:24
Because in my estimation,
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因为在我看来，
11:27
the problem is not white people.
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问题不是出在白人身上，
11:30
Instead, it is the culture of whiteness.
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相反，是“白色文化”的问题。
11:34
And by culture of whiteness,
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当我说白色文化时，
11:35
I mean a systemic and organized
set of beliefs,
set of beliefs,
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我指的是一套
系统的、有组织的信念，
系统的、有组织的信念，
11:41
values, canonized knowledge
and even religion,
and even religion,
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是价值观，规范化的知识，
甚至是宗教，
甚至是宗教，
11:49
to maintain a hierarchical,
over-and-against power structure
over-and-against power structure
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来维持一个层次上的、
坚不可摧的权力结构，
坚不可摧的权力结构，
11:55
based on skin color,
against people of color.
against people of color.
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驾凌在肤色之上，
反对一切非白人种族。
反对一切非白人种族。
12:03
It is a culture
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这是一种文化，
12:08
where white people are seen
as necessary and friendly insiders,
as necessary and friendly insiders,
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当白人被看成重要的、
友好的自己人，
友好的自己人，
12:15
while people of color,
especially black people,
especially black people,
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而非白人人种，特别是黑人，
12:19
are seen as dangerous
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被看做是危险的，
12:23
and threatening outsiders,
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有威胁的外来人，
12:26
who pose a clear and present danger
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给白色文化
12:29
to the safety and the efficacy
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制造了迫在眉睫的危机，
12:35
of the culture of whiteness.
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带来安全性和有序性的威胁。
12:44
Listen to me and see if you can imagine
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听我的描述，看看
你们是否能想象
你们是否能想象
12:49
the culture of whiteness
as a dehumanizing process
as a dehumanizing process
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白色文化作为一种
非人性化的过程
非人性化的过程
12:54
that melts away
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消融了我们
12:56
all of our multiple
and interlocking identities,
and interlocking identities,
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所有的多样性和独特性，
13:02
such as race, class,
gender and sexualities,
gender and sexualities,
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比如种族、阶级、
社会和自然性别，
社会和自然性别，
13:07
so that ...
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就为了 ...
13:10
so that unity is maintained for power.
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为了能维持权力的统一。
13:18
I believe, because I know
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我相信，因为我知道
13:22
and believe that the culture of whiteness
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我相信白色文化
13:27
is a social construct.
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是一种社会结构。
13:32
Each of us, from birth to death,
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我们每一个人，
从出生到死亡，
从出生到死亡，
13:36
are socialized in this culture.
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都与这文化打交道。
13:39
And it marks people of color also.
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它也在影响着非白人族群。
13:42
And it makes people of color,
like white people,
like white people,
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它让非白人人种，像白人一样，
13:47
vote against our interests.
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投票反对我们自己的权益。
13:57
Some of you might ask --
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你们可能会问 --
13:58
and my students always tell me
I give hard assignments --
I give hard assignments --
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我的学生总说我
给他们出难题 --
给他们出难题 --
14:02
some of you might ask, and rightfully so,
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你们可能会问，当然会问，
14:07
"How do we fix this?
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“我们该怎么修正？
14:10
It seems so all-powerful
and overwhelming."
and overwhelming."
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它看起来是如此的
强大、如此势不可挡。”
强大、如此势不可挡。”
14:16
I believe that we must fix it,
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我坚信我们必须修正这一切，
14:20
because we cannot humanize our future
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因为我们无法让我们的
未来更人性化
未来更人性化
14:23
if we continue to be complicit
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如果我们继续与这种白色文化
14:27
with the culture of whiteness.
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串通一气的话。
14:30
Each of us must connect
with our authentic selves,
with our authentic selves,
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我们每一个人，都必须与
我们真实的自己相连，
我们真实的自己相连，
14:36
with our authentic ethnic selves.
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和我们自己真实的种族相连。
我们也必须与我们身份的
其他方面联系起来。
其他方面联系起来。
14:39
And we must connect
with the other aspects of our identities.
with the other aspects of our identities.
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14:44
And we must move out of the constructs
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我们必须走出这种
14:48
of whiteness, brownness and blackness
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只有白人、棕皮肤人和
黑人组成的结构，
黑人组成的结构，
14:53
to become who we are at our fullest.
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然后完完全全成为
我们真正的自己。
我们真正的自己。
15:02
How do we do this?
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我们该怎么做？
15:05
I believe that we do this
through our collective narratives.
through our collective narratives.
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我相信我们要通过集体性的
叙述来做到这一点。
叙述来做到这一点。
15:10
And our collective narratives
must contain our individual stories,
must contain our individual stories,
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而我们的叙述中必须
包含我们每个人的故事，
包含我们每个人的故事，
15:16
the arts,
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艺术，
15:18
spiritual reflections,
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灵魂反思，
15:22
literature,
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文学，
15:26
and yes, even drumming.
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对了，当然还有打鼓。
15:28
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
15:32
It must be a collective telling,
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一定是一些连续性的讲述，
15:35
because individual stories
just create a paradigm
just create a paradigm
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因为个人的故事只是一个个例
15:39
where we are pitting one story
against another story.
against another story.
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我们可以用一个故事
来反驳另一个故事。
来反驳另一个故事。
15:49
These different models
that I have talked about tonight
that I have talked about tonight
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我今晚讲的这些不同的案例，
15:54
I think are essential
to providing us a pathway
to providing us a pathway
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我觉得足以为我们提供一条路径
15:59
out of the quagmire of racism.
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来走出种族主义的泥潭。
16:03
And I want to talk about
another very important model.
another very important model.
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我想再说说另一个
非常重要的方向。
非常重要的方向。
16:08
And that is redemption.
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那就是救赎。
16:12
I believe that movements
for racial justice
for racial justice
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我认为种族平等运动
16:17
must be redemptive rather than punitive.
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必须是救赎而不是牺牲。
16:22
And yes, I believe
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是的，
我们必须为每个人
提供救赎的可能。
提供救赎的可能。
16:25
that we must provide the possibility
of redemption for everyone.
of redemption for everyone.
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16:30
And we must be willing,
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我们必须保有意愿
16:32
despite some of the vitriolic language
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尽管有些刻薄的言论
16:36
that might come from
those very people who oppress us,
those very people who oppress us,
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这可能来自那些压迫我们的人，
16:41
I think that we must listen to them
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我觉得我们必须听他们说完
16:46
and try to figure out where do they hurt.
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然后尝试理解他们
在哪里受了伤。
在哪里受了伤。
16:50
We must do this, I believe,
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我们必须这么做。我坚信，
16:52
because our redemption
is tied into their redemption,
is tied into their redemption,
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因为我们的救赎与
他们的救赎是相连的，
他们的救赎是相连的，
16:57
And we will not be free
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如果我们一直徘徊在
无法挽回的愤怒中，
无法挽回的愤怒中，
17:00
until we've all been redeemed
from unredemptive anger.
from unredemptive anger.
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4640
我们永远无法获得自由。
17:14
The challenge is not easy.
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这挑战很难。
17:17
And in a technological society,
it grows even more complicated,
it grows even more complicated,
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5457
在科技时代，这甚至
变得更加复杂，
变得更加复杂，
17:22
because often we use technologies
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因为我们常常用科技
17:25
to perpetuate the very values of racism
that we indulge in every day.
that we indulge in every day.
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让自己每天都沉溺于
种族主义的价值观。
种族主义的价值观。
17:33
We use technology to bully,
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我们用科技去霸凌，
17:37
to perpetuate hate speech
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去滥用暴力言论
17:40
and to degrade each other's humanities.
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削弱别人的人性。
17:45
And so I believe that
if we're going to humanize the future,
if we're going to humanize the future,
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所以我相信如果我们要
让未来变得更加人性化，
让未来变得更加人性化，
17:49
we must design ways to use technology
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我们必须设计一种
依靠科技的方法，
依靠科技的方法，
17:52
not to degrade us, but to elevate us
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不是削弱，而是提升自己
17:56
so that we can live
into the fullest of our capacities.
into the fullest of our capacities.
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我们才能充分发挥我们的能力。
18:00
And I believe that technology
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我也相信科技
18:03
must provide us larger vistas
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肯定会为我们提供更大的前景，
18:07
so that we might engage with each other
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让我们能够在每一天都能互相合作
18:10
and move beyond the segregated spaces
that we live in, every day of our lives.
that we live in, every day of our lives.
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跨越如今种族隔离所造成的裂隙。
18:17
I believe
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我相信
18:21
that we can achieve this
if we set our minds
if we set our minds
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如果我们下定决心
并保有信心，
并保有信心，
18:27
and hopes on the prize.
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就一定可以做到。
18:32
The question before us tonight
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我们今晚开始前的问题
18:37
is very serious.
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是非常严肃的。
18:40
It is: "Do you want to be healed?
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这问题是 “你是否希望被治愈？”
18:45
Do you want to be healed?"
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“你是否希望被治愈？”
18:49
Do you want to become whole
and live into all of your identities?
and live into all of your identities?
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你是否想完完整整的
活出最真实的自己？
活出最真实的自己？
18:54
Or do you want to continue
to cannibalize your multiple identities
to cannibalize your multiple identities
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还是你想继续被
多重身份支配
多重身份支配
19:01
and privilege one identity over the other?
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每次活在不同的身份中？
19:07
Do you want to join a long line
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你想不想加入这条长长的队伍，
19:12
of generations of people
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和一群相信美国
19:15
who believed in the promise of America
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并坚信能建立民主的
19:19
and had the faith to upbuild democracy?
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年轻人们一起。
19:28
Do you want to live
into the fullest of your potential?
into the fullest of your potential?
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你想活出最大价值和潜力吗？
19:33
I certainly do.
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我当然是想的。
19:35
And I believe you do, too.
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我相信你们也是一样的。
19:39
Let me just say, quite seriously,
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要我说，说真的，
19:44
I believe in you.
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我相信你们。
19:47
And despite everything,
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无论如何，
19:49
I still believe in America.
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我仍然相信美利坚。
19:55
I hope that this offering
that I've given to you tonight,
that I've given to you tonight,
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我希望今晚我给大家
带来的这些内容，
带来的这些内容，
19:59
that I've shared with you tonight,
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今晚与你们分享的这些，
20:01
will provide redemptive pathways
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可以提供一些救赎的路径，
20:05
so that you might claim
the fullest of your identity
the fullest of your identity
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这样你们就可以
承认完整的自己，
承认完整的自己，
20:10
and become a major participant
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然后成为主要的参与者，
20:13
in humanizing not only
the future for yourselves,
the future for yourselves,
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不仅是为了让自己的
未来更人性化，
未来更人性化，
20:18
but also for our democracy.
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更是为了我们这个民族。
20:21
Thank you.
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谢谢你们。
20:22
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ruby Sales - Activist, scholar, educatorRuby Sales has preached around the country on race, class, gender and reconciliation.
Why you should listen
Ruby Sales is the founder and director of the Spirit House Project. She joined the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in the 1960s as a teenager at Tuskegee University and went to work as a student freedom fighter in Lowndes County, Alabama. She is one of 50 African Americans to be spotlighted in the new Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, DC.
A deeply committed social activist, scholar, administrator, manager, public theologian and educator in the areas of civil, gender and other human rights, Sales has preached around the country on race, class, gender and reconciliation. She has done groundbreaking work on community and nonviolence formation, and also serves as a national convener of the Every Church A Peace Church Movement. Throughout her career, Sales has mentored young people and provided support and venues for an intergenerational community of developing and seasoned social justice performing and creative artists. She has a deep commitment to providing the education, practical experiences, and frame of references to contest racism and add their voices to the public conversations on the many streams of oppression that emerge from them.
Ruby Sales | Speaker | TED.com