TEDMED 2018
Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin: What you should know about vaping and e-cigarettes
Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin: 关于电子烟你应该知道的事情
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过去的十年来，电子烟和蒸汽烟迅速地流行起来，特别是在青少年和年轻成年人的市场中——从2011年至2015年，在美国，高中生使用电子烟的人数上涨了900%。生物行为科学家 Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin 教授向我们解释了当我们在抽电子烟的时候，我们实际上吸入的物质是什么（绝对不是水雾），并探索了那些针对我们孩子的令人不安的营销策略。Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin 教授在演讲中说道：“我们的健康，我们孩子的健康以及我们子孙后代的健康都是宝贵的，我们不能让它们化为烟雾，甚至化为气溶胶。”
Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin - Biobehavioral scientist
Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin is focused on developing a bio-behavioral understanding of substance use behaviors in adult and adolescent substance users. Full bio
Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin is focused on developing a bio-behavioral understanding of substance use behaviors in adult and adolescent substance users. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
“这变得更简单了，对吧？”
00:13
"It gets easier, right?"
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00:15
These are the words
I often hear from young parents
I often hear from young parents
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这是我经常从为孩子殚精竭虑的
00:18
who are new to the game
of worrying about their children.
of worrying about their children.
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年轻父母口中听到的话。
00:21
I tell them that it doesn't.
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我告诉他们事情并不会变得更加容易，
实际上，事情只是变得不一样了，
00:23
It gets different,
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00:25
but there's always something
to worry about as parents.
to worry about as parents.
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为人父母总是有事情要担心。
00:29
I remember how I would lie
half-awake at night
half-awake at night
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我仍记得为了留意我儿子的呼吸声
是如何保持半清醒的状态
是如何保持半清醒的状态
00:32
listening to my son breathe
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度过的每个夜晚，
00:33
when he was young and had asthma,
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因为他小时候患有哮喘病。
00:36
and then, when he was a teen,
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后来，等他十几岁的时候，
00:37
until I heard the front door chime open,
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只有当我听到前门开门的铃声，
00:40
and I knew that he was home safe.
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我才能确认他安全到家了。
00:43
Worrying about our kids
comes with the territory.
comes with the territory.
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为自己的孩子心神不定那是肯定的。
00:46
Now, many of these worries
are about basic issues,
are about basic issues,
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而这些担心大部分源于很平常的事情。
00:49
like what they eat,
where they are, who they're with.
where they are, who they're with.
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例如他们吃什么，他们在哪里，
他们和谁呆在一起。
他们和谁呆在一起。
00:53
But we also need to keep an eye on
new behaviors and fads.
new behaviors and fads.
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但我们还需要时刻关注
社会上流行的新行为和新潮流。
社会上流行的新行为和新潮流。
00:58
The latest craze is something
that may not yet be on everyone's radar
that may not yet be on everyone's radar
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最近很流行却没有引起广泛关注的，
01:02
as a serious health concern,
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关乎到严重的健康问题的新玩意，
01:04
and that is the newfound
popularity of vaping,
popularity of vaping,
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是一经推出就迅速流行的电子烟，
01:08
or inhaling sweet aerosols
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或被称为吸入式甜味喷雾器，
01:10
produced by vaporizing
e-liquids in e-cigarettes.
e-liquids in e-cigarettes.
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这种喷雾器可以
将电子烟内的烟油蒸汽化。
将电子烟内的烟油蒸汽化。
01:14
E-cigarettes, or "vapes,"
as they are commonly called,
as they are commonly called,
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电子烟，或者我们常说的 "蒸汽烟"，
01:17
are flying off the shelves like candy.
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正在像糖果一样风靡各个商店。
01:20
This year, the e-cigarette
market is expected to drive
market is expected to drive
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今年，全球电子烟市场的销售额
01:23
26 billion dollars in sales worldwide.
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预计将达到260亿美元。
01:26
Over the next six years,
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在未来六年，
01:28
that volume is expected to double.
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这个数字预计将再翻上一番。
01:31
We have a lot of serious concerns
about the health impact of vaping,
about the health impact of vaping,
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我们非常担心电子烟
对于健康的影响，
对于健康的影响，
但不幸的是，我们几乎没有
得到强有力的解决方案。
得到强有力的解决方案。
01:35
and unfortunately,
not nearly enough answers.
not nearly enough answers.
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01:38
This becomes even more concerning
when you think of who uses e-cigarettes.
when you think of who uses e-cigarettes.
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当你想到那些电子烟的使用者时
你会变得更加担心。
你会变得更加担心。
01:43
E-cigarette use, at least in the US,
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电子烟的使用率，至少在美国，
01:46
has grown rapidly among youth
and young adults --
and young adults --
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在青少年和年轻的成年人中
正在迅速增长——
正在迅速增长——
01:49
our kids,
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我们的孩子
01:50
our most vulnerable population.
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是最容易受影响的一代。
01:53
There was a 900 percent growth
in the use of e-cigarettes by youth
in the use of e-cigarettes by youth
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2012年至2015年，电子烟的使用率
01:58
between 2012 and 2015.
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在年轻人中上涨了900%。
02:01
The most recent estimates suggest
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最新的数据表示，
02:03
that approximately 3.6 million
high school and middle school students
high school and middle school students
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大约有360万美国高中生和初中生
02:08
have used e-cigarettes in the US.
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曾经使用过电子烟。
02:11
Now, e-cigarettes were originally created
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电子烟的诞生本来是为了
02:14
to offer smokers a cleaner
form of nicotine
form of nicotine
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给吸烟者提供一种更干净的尼古丁
02:16
to help with their cigarette addiction.
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来帮助他们戒烟。
02:19
In the US, these devices
come under the FDA's jurisdiction
come under the FDA's jurisdiction
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在美国，这类设备作为一种烟草产品
02:23
as a tobacco product.
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受美国食品药品管理局的监管。
02:25
But the science on these devices
has not been able to keep up
has not been able to keep up
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但这些设备在科学方面的发展
02:28
with the rapid market growth,
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却没能跟上迅速发展的市场需求，
02:30
so regulations on the components
of these devices and e-liquids
of these devices and e-liquids
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因此对电子香烟和烟油的成分监管
02:35
are lagging.
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是滞后的。
02:37
Current regulations do restrict
sales of these devices
sales of these devices
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目前这类设备有严格的销售规定，
02:40
to anyone under the age of 18,
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规定不能售卖给十八岁以下的人，
02:43
but these do not seem
to have had much of an impact
to have had much of an impact
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但这些规定似乎并没有遏制青少年
02:46
on the explosion in the use
of these devices by teens.
of these devices by teens.
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使用电子烟的迅猛势头。
02:51
You know, the first time
I heard of and saw an e-cigarette,
I heard of and saw an e-cigarette,
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我第一次听说和看见电子烟时，
02:54
I knew right away
that teens would love it.
that teens would love it.
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我马上就知道青少年们会喜欢上它。
02:57
These devices are technology on a stick,
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电子烟将高科技和一根小棒结合在一起，
03:00
a perfect fit for
the smartphone generation --
the smartphone generation --
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非常迎合智能手机一代的需求——
03:03
small, rechargeable, easy to use,
easy to modify, nice smelling --
easy to modify, nice smelling --
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小巧、可重复使用，使用简单，
容易调节，味道好——
容易调节，味道好——
03:09
some even sync with your smartphone
to let you know how much you have vaped.
to let you know how much you have vaped.
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有一些型号甚至可以和智能手机匹配，
让你知道你还能够使用多少时间。
让你知道你还能够使用多少时间。
03:13
Even I was very drawn
to these very clever devices.
to these very clever devices.
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连我都被这么智能的设备吸引住了。
03:17
And since I had spent a long time
researching teen and adult addictions,
researching teen and adult addictions,
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当我花费了大量时间去研究
青少年和成年人对电子烟的沉迷现象后，
青少年和成年人对电子烟的沉迷现象后，
03:22
I immediately realized that these devices
fit perfectly into the teen psyche.
fit perfectly into the teen psyche.
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我迅速意识到电子香烟的设计
非常符合青少年的心理。
非常符合青少年的心理。
03:28
Teens are impulsive,
and they love to try new things.
and they love to try new things.
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青少年们易冲动，喜欢探索新事物。
03:32
They're also craving independence,
and they love to make things their own.
and they love to make things their own.
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同时他们渴望独立，
喜欢创造属于自己的东西。
喜欢创造属于自己的东西。
03:37
E-cigarettes meet these needs perfectly
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电子烟完美地符合了他们的需求，
03:39
by allowing them the chance
to both innovate and personalize
to both innovate and personalize
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电子烟能让他们有机会
去创新，去个性化
去创新，去个性化
03:43
their vape experience.
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他们的抽烟体验。
03:45
They can choose from over 15,000
different e-liquid flavors
different e-liquid flavors
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他们可以从超过15000种
味道的烟油种类
味道的烟油种类
03:50
and multiple nicotine concentrations.
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和不同的尼古丁浓度中
选择自己喜欢的一款。
选择自己喜欢的一款。
03:52
They can even create their own
nicotine flavor combination.
nicotine flavor combination.
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他们甚至还可以创造出
属于自己的味道和浓度。
属于自己的味道和浓度。
03:58
They can change how much vapor
is produced from these devices
is produced from these devices
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他们可以通过调整烟油的用量和成分
或者烟雾的强度和温度
04:01
by modifying the puff volume
and the constituents
and the constituents
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来控制电子烟的蒸汽量。
04:04
and the power and temperature
of the devices.
of the devices.
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04:08
They can even use these devices
for "cloud chasing."
for "cloud chasing."
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使用者还可以利用电子烟
来”追云逐雾”一番。
来”追云逐雾”一番。
04:12
Cloud chasing, also called vape tricks
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“追云逐雾”，也就是花式吐烟圈
04:15
or smoke tricks,
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或烟雾魔术，
04:16
involves producing large vape clouds
with quirky shapes and names,
with quirky shapes and names,
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即使用者吐出带有独特
图形和名字的的烟雾，
图形和名字的的烟雾，
04:20
like rings, dragons, ghosts ...
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比如圆环，龙，幽灵等等。
04:23
Cloud chasers can even participate
in cloud competitions
in cloud competitions
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花式吐烟者还可以参加吐烟圈比赛，
04:26
and win prizes for creating
the most innovative shaped clouds.
the most innovative shaped clouds.
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创造出最具创意的
烟雾形状的人就能获奖。
烟雾形状的人就能获奖。
04:31
Teens can also change the strength
and throat hit from the vapor
and throat hit from the vapor
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蒸汽的浓厚度和击喉感也可以
通过在高温下雾化烟油，或者直接
04:35
by either vaporizing the e-liquid
at higher temperatures
at higher temperatures
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04:39
or dripping the e-liquid
directly onto a heated coil.
directly onto a heated coil.
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将烟油滴在加热线圈上来调整实现。
04:43
They can even use these devices
for marijuana vaping.
for marijuana vaping.
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他们甚至可以使用电子烟来吸大麻。
04:46
And since the devices
use lower temperatures
use lower temperatures
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由于使用电子烟时温度较低，
04:49
and do not combust or burn the marijuana,
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大麻不会燃烧，
04:52
they can do this very discreetly,
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使用者可以在不产生
明显气味的情况下
明显气味的情况下
04:54
without the distinctive smell
of burnt marijuana.
of burnt marijuana.
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悄悄地吸食大麻。
04:57
So they can really make these vape
experiences their own,
experiences their own,
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因此电子烟真正满足了个性化的需求。
05:00
which may explain the astounding rise
in the use of these devices by youth.
in the use of these devices by youth.
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这大概也可以解释为什么
年轻人使用电子烟的数量激增。
年轻人使用电子烟的数量激增。
05:06
E-cigarettes are technically
a very simple device.
a very simple device.
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从技术上来讲，电子烟是
一种非常简单的设备。
一种非常简单的设备。
05:10
There is a receptacle for the e-liquid
which can be a tank, a pod or a plug.
which can be a tank, a pod or a plug.
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其中包含一个储存烟油的容器，
可以是一个罐子，扁匣子或塞子。
可以是一个罐子，扁匣子或塞子。
05:16
There is a battery that charges the coil,
which then vaporizes the e-liquid.
which then vaporizes the e-liquid.
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还有一块为雾化烟油提供电力的电池。
05:20
And then there is a mouthpiece,
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还有一个烟嘴，
使用者可以从中吸取电子烟。
05:22
where the user can actually draw
from the e-cigarette.
from the e-cigarette.
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05:25
In 2017, there were 466 e-cigarette
devices in the marketplace.
devices in the marketplace.
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2017年，市场上有466种
不同类型的电子烟。
不同类型的电子烟。
05:32
These range from cigarette-like devices
which are also called "cigalikes"
which are also called "cigalikes"
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范围从外形类似真香烟的电子烟
到被称为“钢笔”的电子烟雾化器。
05:37
to tank systems,
which are also called "pens."
which are also called "pens."
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还有一款被称为”内嵌式
电子烟主机（Mods）“的改良装置。
电子烟主机（Mods）“的改良装置。
05:40
And then there are modified devices,
which are also called "mods."
which are also called "mods."
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05:44
Mods look nothing like a cigarette,
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Mods的外形看起来一点也不像香烟，
05:47
and they come in various shapes and sizes,
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有不同的形状和大小可供选择，
05:50
with different kinds of attachments
and user adjustments.
and user adjustments.
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还可以选择不同的配件和型号。
05:53
They're very popular for cloud chasing.
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它们非常受花式吐烟圈者的欢迎。
05:56
The most recent entrance
into the marketplace
into the marketplace
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最近才进入电子烟市场的
05:59
are the pod devices,
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是一款被称为“烟弹”的产品，
06:00
which contain the e-liquid in a pod.
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内部含有烟油。
06:03
These are very popular,
by the way, among teens.
by the way, among teens.
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烟弹在青少年们中很流行。
06:06
An example of this is the Juul,
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其中一个例子就是 Juul，
06:08
which not only looks like a USB device
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它不仅外形酷似U盘，
06:11
but can also be plugged
into a USB outlet to charge.
into a USB outlet to charge.
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还可以插入USB接口进行充电。
06:15
Many teens do not even think
that these are e-cigarettes,
that these are e-cigarettes,
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很多青少年甚至不认为这是电子烟，
06:17
which has led to the use of terms
like "juuling" instead of "vaping."
like "juuling" instead of "vaping."
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甚至选择用 “Juuling”
这个词来代替“吸烟”。
这个词来代替“吸烟”。
06:22
Many of these devices are so discreet
and produce so little vapor
and produce so little vapor
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大部分电子烟使用时声音很小，
产生的烟雾量也很少，
产生的烟雾量也很少，
06:27
that teens are using them in classrooms
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所以青少年们可以在教室里使用，
06:29
and hiding them in objects
like Sharpie pens, their clothes,
like Sharpie pens, their clothes,
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把电子烟藏在其他物件里面，
如记号笔，他们的衣服
如记号笔，他们的衣服
或书本里。
06:32
their books.
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06:34
Now, many teens think
that these devices produce water vapor,
that these devices produce water vapor,
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很多青少年们误以为
电子烟所产生的是水雾，
电子烟所产生的是水雾，
06:37
and therefore, they are safe to use.
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认为吸电子烟是安全的。
06:39
But this could not be
further from the truth.
further from the truth.
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但实际上，这离事实相差甚远。
06:42
What is produced is not even a vapor,
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电子烟释放的甚至都不是蒸汽，
而是气溶胶。
06:44
it's an aerosol,
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06:45
and let me tell you, the difference
is quite pronounced.
is quite pronounced.
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让我来告诉你们这两者的明显差异。
06:49
Aerosols contain many finely suspended
particles of liquids and gases
particles of liquids and gases
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气溶胶含有大量可疑
的液体和气体微粒，
的液体和气体微粒，
06:54
that are created
from whatever is in the e-liquid.
from whatever is in the e-liquid.
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是从烟油中产生的。
06:57
So an aerosol could contain
propylene glycol and glycerin,
propylene glycol and glycerin,
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气溶胶内含有丙二醇和甘油，
它们都是烟油的溶剂。
07:00
which are solvents in the e-liquid.
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07:02
Now, these solvents are known
to be safe for edible use,
to be safe for edible use,
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我们知道这些都是可食用溶剂，
07:06
so for use in products that you eat,
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可用于制作食物，
07:08
but we know very little about their safety
following long-term inhalational exposure.
following long-term inhalational exposure.
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但我们对长时间接触和吸入这些
溶剂是否安全则知之甚少。
溶剂是否安全则知之甚少。
07:14
The e-liquids can also contain alcohol,
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烟油里还含有酒精，
07:16
sometimes in high levels,
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有时候还是高浓度酒精，
07:18
and inhaling alcohol is known
to have toxic effects on the brain.
to have toxic effects on the brain.
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而我们都知道吸入酒精
会对大脑有毒害作用。
会对大脑有毒害作用。
07:23
I told you earlier that the e-liquids
contain over 15,000 different flavors.
contain over 15,000 different flavors.
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我刚才提过烟油有
超过15,000种味道。
超过15,000种味道。
这里有一些例子，
07:28
Here are some examples,
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07:30
some with very catchy but familiar names
like "Skittles" and "Fruit Loops,"
like "Skittles" and "Fruit Loops,"
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有些烟油有着非常抢眼和熟悉的名字，
例如“彩虹糖”或“水果棒棒糖”，
例如“彩虹糖”或“水果棒棒糖”，
07:35
and others with more exotic names
like "Dragon's Milk" and "Tiger's Blood"
like "Dragon's Milk" and "Tiger's Blood"
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还有一些有着稀奇古怪的名字，
像是“恐龙奶”或“老虎血”，
像是“恐龙奶”或“老虎血”，
07:39
and "Unicorn Puke."
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还有“独角兽呕吐物”。
07:41
The e-liquid or the aerosol
can also contain metallic particles
can also contain metallic particles
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烟油和气溶胶内还含有金属颗粒，
07:46
like chromium, cadmium and lead.
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如铬，镉和铅。
07:48
These are generated
from the heating coil in the devices
from the heating coil in the devices
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它们来自于电子烟里的加热线圈，
07:51
and are also known to have
many toxic effects on vital organs.
many toxic effects on vital organs.
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众所周知，这些元素对于人体的
重要器官都具有毒副作用。
重要器官都具有毒副作用。
07:55
So no, let me make this very clear:
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所以我要再次申明：
07:58
what is produced is definitely
not water vapor.
not water vapor.
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电子烟产生的绝对不是水雾。
08:04
Exposure of the teen brain to nicotine
through e-cigarettes
through e-cigarettes
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青少年的大脑通过电子烟
长期接触尼古丁
长期接触尼古丁
08:07
is also very concerning.
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同样让人十分担心。
08:09
The teen brain is very sensitive
to even low levels of nicotine
to even low levels of nicotine
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青少年的大脑即使对
低浓度尼古丁也很敏感，
低浓度尼古丁也很敏感，
非常容易上瘾。
08:12
and gets very easily addicted.
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08:15
In fact, we have known for a long time
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实际上，我们一直都很清楚
08:17
that 90 percent of smokers start smoking
cigarettes prior to the age of 18.
cigarettes prior to the age of 18.
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90%的吸烟者都是
从18岁之前开始吸烟。
从18岁之前开始吸烟。
08:23
Those who start early are more addicted
and have a harder time quitting smoking.
and have a harder time quitting smoking.
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越早开始接触香烟的人越难戒烟。
08:28
In other words, and to quote
a past FDA commissioner,
a past FDA commissioner,
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或者，我引用
一位前药监局专员的话，
一位前药监局专员的话，
08:32
"Nicotine addiction ...
is a pediatric disease."
is a pediatric disease."
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”尼古丁上瘾是一种儿科疾病。”
08:36
E-cigarettes can expose teens
to a lot of nicotine.
to a lot of nicotine.
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电子烟使青少年能够接触大量尼古丁。
08:40
Many of these devices contain
the amount of nicotine
the amount of nicotine
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很多电子烟的尼古丁含量
08:42
that is in a full pack of cigarettes.
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可以比得上整包香烟。
08:45
The more recent pod devices
contain a nicotine salt,
contain a nicotine salt,
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最新款的烟弹内还有尼古丁盐，
08:48
which has a smoother taste
and is much easier to use
and is much easier to use
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这可以让味道更佳清淡，
更容易入口，
更容易入口，
08:51
and can produce rapid increases
in brain nicotine levels.
in brain nicotine levels.
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还可以快速提高尼古丁入脑的速度。
08:56
Teens who use e-cigarettes regularly
report symptoms of craving --
report symptoms of craving --
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经常使用电子烟的青少年
都有一种渴望的症状——
都有一种渴望的症状——
09:00
feeling anxious when they don't
have their e-cigarettes.
have their e-cigarettes.
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在不吸电子烟时会感到焦虑。
09:03
All these are hallmarks
of a behavioral addiction.
of a behavioral addiction.
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这些都是他们上瘾的表现。
09:07
E-cigarettes are not only addictive
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电子烟不仅会让人上瘾，
09:11
but they also affect
many other organs in the body.
many other organs in the body.
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还会影响体内其他器官。
09:15
So nicotine, which is
in e-cigarettes, for example,
in e-cigarettes, for example,
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在电子烟内的尼古丁
会和一种叫烟碱型乙酰胆的
受体相结合，
受体相结合，
09:17
binds to a receptor called
the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,
the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,
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09:21
which plays a key role in the functioning
of almost all organ systems
of almost all organ systems
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这种受体对人体内大部分
器官系统的正常功能
器官系统的正常功能
有着重要作用。
09:25
in the human body.
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09:27
And chronic exposure to nicotine
changes the functioning of these systems.
changes the functioning of these systems.
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而长期接触尼古丁
会改变这些系统的运作。
会改变这些系统的运作。
09:32
So as an example,
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例如，
长期接触尼古丁会降低血管的弹性，
09:33
chronic exposure to nicotine decreases
the flexibility of the blood vessels
the flexibility of the blood vessels
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09:37
and changes how the heart responds
to acute challenges like stress.
to acute challenges like stress.
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还会改变心脏对压力等
急性应激的反应能力。
急性应激的反应能力。
09:43
The teen brain is not only sensitive
to the addictive effects of nicotine
to the addictive effects of nicotine
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青少年的大脑不仅对尼古丁
的成瘾作用很敏感，
的成瘾作用很敏感，
对它的毒性作用也很敏感。
09:46
but also to its toxic effects.
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09:49
In adolescent animals, nicotine
is a very well-established neurotoxin,
is a very well-established neurotoxin,
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在青春期，尼古丁是一种
广为流传的神经毒素。
广为流传的神经毒素。
这会降低他们的学习能力，
记忆力和注意力，
记忆力和注意力，
09:54
and it decreases learning,
memory and attention processes
memory and attention processes
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09:57
and increases hyperactivity symptoms.
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还会增加患上多动症的几率。
09:59
Teens who use tobacco products
are more likely to use
are more likely to use
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使用烟草产品的青少年更有可能
10:02
marijuana and alcohol
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使用大麻和酒精，
10:04
and also develop depression and anxiety
as a teen or as an adult.
as a teen or as an adult.
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在青少年或成人阶段
还会患上抑郁症和焦虑症。
还会患上抑郁症和焦虑症。
10:10
So nicotine addiction through e-cigarettes
could be leading them down the path
could be leading them down the path
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电子烟导致的尼古丁上瘾
可能会导致他们误入其他瘾途，
可能会导致他们误入其他瘾途，
10:14
of other addictions
and other mental health problems.
and other mental health problems.
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并引发其他精神和健康问题。
10:19
Now, in adolescent animals, nicotine
also produces epigenetic changes,
also produces epigenetic changes,
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在青春期，尼古丁还会导致基因表达
10:23
or heritable changes in gene expression,
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发生表观变化或遗传变化，
10:26
for example, in the genes
involved in asthma.
involved in asthma.
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例如与哮喘有关的基因。
10:29
So teens who use nicotine may not only
be harming themselves
be harming themselves
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因此青少年吸食尼古丁
不仅损害自身健康，
不仅损害自身健康，
10:33
but they could be harming
their future generations.
their future generations.
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还可能影响下一代人。
10:37
You know, the very existence
of e-cigarettes
of e-cigarettes
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电子烟的存在
10:39
could have led to an entire generation
of nicotine-addicted youth.
of nicotine-addicted youth.
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可能会导致整整一代人
都对尼古丁上瘾。
都对尼古丁上瘾。
10:44
Easy access to these devices
could have led to more experimentation
could have led to more experimentation
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轻易就能使用的电子烟
会使越来越多年轻人
会使越来越多年轻人
10:48
with marijuana and many other
vaporizable substances by youth.
vaporizable substances by youth.
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去尝试吸食大麻和其他
可雾化有害物质。
可雾化有害物质。
10:53
While there is no doubt that providing
smokers with a cleaner form of nicotine
smokers with a cleaner form of nicotine
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毫无疑问，为吸烟者们提供
更干净的尼古丁这种方式
更干净的尼古丁这种方式
10:57
is and should continue
to be a critical goal,
to be a critical goal,
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是且肯定是一个历史性目标，
11:01
we still do not know if these devices
help smokers quit smoking,
help smokers quit smoking,
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我们仍然不清楚电子烟是否
真的帮助吸烟者戒烟，
真的帮助吸烟者戒烟，
11:05
and we know very little about
the long-term effects of these devices.
the long-term effects of these devices.
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我们也对长期使用电子烟
的影响知之甚少。
的影响知之甚少。
11:10
What we do know is that youth --
lots of youth -- are using these devices.
lots of youth -- are using these devices.
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但我们知道的是，大部分
年轻人都正在使用电子烟。
年轻人都正在使用电子烟。
11:15
In fact, the FDA commissioner
recently used the term "epidemic"
recently used the term "epidemic"
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实际上，最近药监局专员使用了“流行病”
11:19
to describe e-cigarette use in the US.
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来描述美国境内的电子烟使用现象。
11:23
While trying to solve one huge
public health problem, cigarette smoking,
public health problem, cigarette smoking,
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当我们尝试去解决例如吸烟
这个巨大的公共健康问题时，
这个巨大的公共健康问题时，
可能引发出了另一个大问题。
11:27
we may have created another colossal one.
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11:30
Our lack of vigilance in the earlier years
around cigarette smoking
around cigarette smoking
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近年来，由于缺乏对香烟危害的警惕
11:34
led to a cigarette epidemic and many,
many cigarette-related diseases.
many cigarette-related diseases.
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导致了吸烟行为的盛行，
和许多由吸烟引发的疾病。
和许多由吸烟引发的疾病。
11:38
We do not want to repeat
the same mistakes with e-cigarettes.
the same mistakes with e-cigarettes.
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我们不想再在电子烟上重复这些错误。
所以，现在是时候做出行动，
11:43
So now is the time for action,
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11:46
for regulations that address the appeal
and access of these devices to youth.
and access of these devices to youth.
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制定法规来解决电子烟对青少年
的吸引力和使用问题。
的吸引力和使用问题。
吸烟者们是否真的需要
15,000种口味的烟油来戒烟？
15,000种口味的烟油来戒烟？
11:52
Do smokers really need 15,000
kid-friendly flavors to quit smoking?
kid-friendly flavors to quit smoking?
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11:58
Do they need so many different
kinds of devices?
kinds of devices?
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他们真的需要如此多种类的设备吗？
使用这种容易隐藏和使用的设备
12:02
Is it a good idea to have devices
which are so easy to hide
which are so easy to hide
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真的是个好主意吗？
12:06
and so easy to use?
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12:09
We recently heard that the FDA plans
to introduce stricter regulations
to introduce stricter regulations
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我们最近听闻药监局计划出台
针对电子烟和烟油在便利店和汽油站
12:13
on sales of these devices
that contain e-liquid flavors
that contain e-liquid flavors
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这样的零售场所售卖的严格规章制度，
12:17
in retail locations like convenience
stores and gas stations,
stores and gas stations,
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同时也会出台更加严格的规章制度，
12:21
and also introduce stricter regulations
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12:23
on sales of devices
to minors over the internet.
to minors over the internet.
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来约束电子烟对未成年人的网络销售。
12:26
Is this going to be sufficient to change
this rapid increase in youth uptake?
this rapid increase in youth uptake?
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这是否足以改变青少年
抽烟率快速增长的现状？
抽烟率快速增长的现状？
我们需要询问和回答这些重要的问题。
12:32
We need to ask and answer
such critical questions.
such critical questions.
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12:36
Now is also the time for a serious
public education campaign.
public education campaign.
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现在还应该开展严格的公共教育运动。
12:40
Teens and their parents need to know
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青少年们和他们的父母都需要知道，
12:43
that while e-cigarettes may contain
less toxins than cigarettes,
less toxins than cigarettes,
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即便电子烟的毒性含量比香烟少时，
12:47
they're certainly not benign.
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它们当然不是好东西。
12:49
Exposure of their bodies to the chemicals
produced by these devices
produced by these devices
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身体长时间接触由电子烟
产生的化学物质
产生的化学物质
可能会对身体产生负面影响，
12:53
could be changing them in ways
they may not like
they may not like
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并导致在未来产生未知
的毒性和健康问题。
的毒性和健康问题。
12:56
and setting them up for future
unknown toxicities and health problems.
unknown toxicities and health problems.
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3647
13:01
You know, when I said earlier
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1396
我之前所说的
13:02
that e-cigarettes were a perfect fit
for the smartphone generation,
for the smartphone generation,
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电子烟完美地符合
智能手机一代的需求，
智能手机一代的需求，
并不是在开玩笑。
13:06
I was not kidding.
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13:07
We live in a technology-crazed world,
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我们生活在高科技的世界，
最新的设备和科技都被高度关注，
13:10
where the latest device
and technology gets a lot of attention
and technology gets a lot of attention
225
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4124
13:14
just because it is technology
and because it is the latest thing.
and because it is the latest thing.
226
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3557
仅仅因为它是高科技，它是最新的。
13:19
More and more over the next few years
and for the rest of our lives,
and for the rest of our lives,
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3650
在若干年后，在我们剩下的人生里，
我们将越来越多的看到
大量科技进入市场，
大量科技进入市场，
13:23
we are going to see technologies
coming into the marketplace
coming into the marketplace
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这些科技一开始不会
引起任何健康问题，
引起任何健康问题，
13:26
that may not raise
any health flags at first,
any health flags at first,
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2576
只是因为它们看起来不那么不健康，
13:28
simply because they don't look unhealthy
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2560
或者它们不是药用设备。
13:31
or they're not a medical device.
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13:33
For example, we could see devices
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举个例子，我们会看到有一些设备
13:35
that may make it easier
to go longer without sleep
to go longer without sleep
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可以让人的睡眠时间变长，
或帮助人们减肥——
13:39
or help us lose weight --
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13:40
a personal goal of mine --
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1551
这也是我的个人目标——
13:42
or achieve any number of other goals
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2266
或达成其他目标，
13:44
that we as consumers
are very, very interested in.
are very, very interested in.
237
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3186
作为消费者的我们对这些
肯定很感兴趣。
肯定很感兴趣。
13:48
But many of these devices may come
with unacceptable risks to our own health.
with unacceptable risks to our own health.
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但是大部分的设备会对健康
造成不可承受的风险。
造成不可承受的风险。
13:54
So if we want to protect our health
and the health of our children,
and the health of our children,
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所以如果我们想保护我们
和我们孩子的健康，
和我们孩子的健康，
或许我们应该远离那些
13:58
perhaps we should get out of the habit
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2146
不加思考地自动接纳新技术的坏习惯，
14:00
of automatically celebrating
such new technology
such new technology
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3543
而是养成用批判的目光
去判断新技术的习惯。
去判断新技术的习惯。
14:04
and get into the habit of looking
at them with a critical eye,
at them with a critical eye,
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甚至还可尝试用医学的角度。
14:08
perhaps even through a medical lens.
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14:11
Because, you know something?
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因为你们都知道，
我们的健康，孩子的健康
还有子孙后代的健康都十分宝贵，
还有子孙后代的健康都十分宝贵，
14:13
Our health, the health of our children
and our future generations
and our future generations
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14:17
is far too valuable
to let it go up in smoke --
to let it go up in smoke --
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我们不能让它化为烟雾 ——
甚至让它化为气溶胶。
14:21
or even in aerosol.
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谢谢。
14:23
Thank you.
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（掌声）
14:24
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin - Biobehavioral scientistSuchitra Krishnan-Sarin is focused on developing a bio-behavioral understanding of substance use behaviors in adult and adolescent substance users.
Why you should listen
In the area of adolescent tobacco use, Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin has conducted qualitative research including focus groups and surveys to understand patterns and perceptions of use of tobacco products; clinical trials to develop and test the use of novel behavioral and pharmacological cessation and prevention interventions; and experimental evaluations of behavioral and neural predictors of use and cessation behaviors. Because of her expertise in youth tobacco use behaviors, she has contributed to the Surgeon General's report on Preventing Tobacco Use among Young People and also serves as a member of the FDA's Tobacco Product Scientific Advisory Committee. Krishnan-Sarin is a professor of psychiatry at the Yale University School of Medicine and the Co-PI on the Yale Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science.
Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin | Speaker | TED.com