TEDMED 2018
Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin: What you should know about vaping and e-cigarettes
Sučitra Krišnan-Sarin (Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin): Šta treba da znate o vejpovanju elektronskim cigaretama
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Popularnost elektronskih cigareta i vejpova je naglo porasla tokom protekle decenije, pogotovo među mladima i mlađim odraslim osobama - od 2011. do 2015. godine je korišćenje elektronskih cigareta među srednjoškolcima u SAD-u poraslo za 900 posto. Biobihevioralni naučnik Sučitra Krišnan-Sarin objašnjava šta zapravo udišete kada vejpujete (nagoveštaj: definitivno nije vodena para) i istražuje uznemirujuće marketinške taktike koje se koriste sa decom kao ciljnom grupom. „Naše zdravlje, zdravlje naše dece i naših budućih generacija suviše je dragoceno da bismo dopustili da nestane u oblaku dima, ili čak aerosoli“, kaže ona.
Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin - Biobehavioral scientist
Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin is focused on developing a bio-behavioral understanding of substance use behaviors in adult and adolescent substance users. Full bio
Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin is focused on developing a bio-behavioral understanding of substance use behaviors in adult and adolescent substance users. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
"It gets easier, right?"
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„Vremenom postaje lakše, zar ne?“
00:15
These are the words
I often hear from young parents
I often hear from young parents
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Te reči često čujem od mladih roditelja
00:18
who are new to the game
of worrying about their children.
of worrying about their children.
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koji su tek ušli u igru
brige zbog svoje dece.
brige zbog svoje dece.
00:21
I tell them that it doesn't.
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Govorim im da ne postaje lakše.
00:23
It gets different,
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Postaje drugačije,
00:25
but there's always something
to worry about as parents.
to worry about as parents.
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ali uvek se nađe nešto
zbog čega ćete brinuti kao roditelji.
zbog čega ćete brinuti kao roditelji.
00:29
I remember how I would lie
half-awake at night
half-awake at night
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Sećam se kako sam noću ležala polubudna
00:32
listening to my son breathe
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slušajući kako moj sin diše
00:33
when he was young and had asthma,
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kada je bio mali i imao astmu,
a potom, kada je bio tinejdžer,
00:36
and then, when he was a teen,
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00:37
until I heard the front door chime open,
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sve dok ne čujem otvaranje ulaznih vrata
00:40
and I knew that he was home safe.
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i uverim se da je bezbedno stigao kući.
00:43
Worrying about our kids
comes with the territory.
comes with the territory.
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Briga za decu nam je u opisu posla.
00:46
Now, many of these worries
are about basic issues,
are about basic issues,
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Mnoge od tih briga
su vezane za osnovne stvari,
su vezane za osnovne stvari,
00:49
like what they eat,
where they are, who they're with.
where they are, who they're with.
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kao što je šta jedu, gde su, sa kim su.
00:53
But we also need to keep an eye on
new behaviors and fads.
new behaviors and fads.
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Ali, takođe moramo da pazimo
na nove aktivnosti i trendove.
na nove aktivnosti i trendove.
00:58
The latest craze is something
that may not yet be on everyone's radar
that may not yet be on everyone's radar
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Najnovija pomama je nešto
što možda još ne privlači pažnju svakome
što možda još ne privlači pažnju svakome
01:02
as a serious health concern,
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kao ozbiljan zdravstveni problem,
01:04
and that is the newfound
popularity of vaping,
popularity of vaping,
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a to je novootkrivena
popularnost „vejpovanja“
popularnost „vejpovanja“
01:08
or inhaling sweet aerosols
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ili udisanja slatkih aerosoli
01:10
produced by vaporizing
e-liquids in e-cigarettes.
e-liquids in e-cigarettes.
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koje proizvodi isparavanje
tečnosti u elektronskim cigaretama.
tečnosti u elektronskim cigaretama.
01:14
E-cigarettes, or "vapes,"
as they are commonly called,
as they are commonly called,
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Elektronske cigarete ili „vejpovi“,
kako se često nazivaju,
kako se često nazivaju,
01:17
are flying off the shelves like candy.
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prodaju se kao alva.
Očekuje se da će ove godine
tržište elektronskih cigareta da obrne
tržište elektronskih cigareta da obrne
01:20
This year, the e-cigarette
market is expected to drive
market is expected to drive
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01:23
26 billion dollars in sales worldwide.
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26 milijardi dolara u prodaji širom sveta.
01:26
Over the next six years,
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Tokom narednih šest godina,
01:28
that volume is expected to double.
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očekuje se da će se taj broj udvostručiti.
01:31
We have a lot of serious concerns
about the health impact of vaping,
about the health impact of vaping,
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Mnogo je ozbiljnih razloga za brigu
vezanih za uticaj vejpa na zdravlje,
vezanih za uticaj vejpa na zdravlje,
01:35
and unfortunately,
not nearly enough answers.
not nearly enough answers.
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a, nažalost, nema ni približno
dovoljno odgovora.
dovoljno odgovora.
01:38
This becomes even more concerning
when you think of who uses e-cigarettes.
when you think of who uses e-cigarettes.
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To još više počinje da zabrinjava
kada pomislite na to ko koristi
elektronske cigarete.
elektronske cigarete.
01:43
E-cigarette use, at least in the US,
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Upotreba elektronskih cigareta,
barem u SAD-u,
barem u SAD-u,
01:46
has grown rapidly among youth
and young adults --
and young adults --
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naglo se povećala među omladinom
i mlađim odraslim ljudima -
i mlađim odraslim ljudima -
01:49
our kids,
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našom decom,
01:50
our most vulnerable population.
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našim najranjivijim stanovništvom.
01:53
There was a 900 percent growth
in the use of e-cigarettes by youth
in the use of e-cigarettes by youth
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Došlo je do porasta od 900 procenata
u upotrebi elektronskih cigareta
u upotrebi elektronskih cigareta
kod mladih između 2012. i 2015. godine.
01:58
between 2012 and 2015.
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02:01
The most recent estimates suggest
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Najnovije procene ukazuju
02:03
that approximately 3.6 million
high school and middle school students
high school and middle school students
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da je otprilike 3,6 miliona učenika
u srednjoj školi i višim razredima osnovne
u srednjoj školi i višim razredima osnovne
02:08
have used e-cigarettes in the US.
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koristilo elektronske cigarete u SAD-u.
02:11
Now, e-cigarettes were originally created
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Elektronske cigarete
su prvobitno napravljene
su prvobitno napravljene
da bi se pušačima
ponudio čistiji oblik nikotina
ponudio čistiji oblik nikotina
02:14
to offer smokers a cleaner
form of nicotine
form of nicotine
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02:16
to help with their cigarette addiction.
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koji bi im pomogao
sa zavisnošću od cigareta.
sa zavisnošću od cigareta.
02:19
In the US, these devices
come under the FDA's jurisdiction
come under the FDA's jurisdiction
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U SAD-u ovi uređaji ulaze u nadležnost
Uprave za hranu i lekove
Uprave za hranu i lekove
02:23
as a tobacco product.
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kao duvanski proizvodi.
02:25
But the science on these devices
has not been able to keep up
has not been able to keep up
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Ali, nauka o ovim uređajima
ne uspeva da održi korak
ne uspeva da održi korak
02:28
with the rapid market growth,
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sa ubrzanim rastom tržišta,
02:30
so regulations on the components
of these devices and e-liquids
of these devices and e-liquids
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pa zato zaostaju propisi o komponentama
ovih uređaja i njihovim tečnostima.
ovih uređaja i njihovim tečnostima.
02:35
are lagging.
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02:37
Current regulations do restrict
sales of these devices
sales of these devices
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Postojeći propisi ograničavaju
prodaju ovih uređaja
prodaju ovih uređaja
02:40
to anyone under the age of 18,
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za osobe ispod 18 godina,
02:43
but these do not seem
to have had much of an impact
to have had much of an impact
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ali to izgleda da nema mnogo uticaja
02:46
on the explosion in the use
of these devices by teens.
of these devices by teens.
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na naglo širenje upotrebe
ovih naprava kod tinejdžera.
ovih naprava kod tinejdžera.
02:51
You know, the first time
I heard of and saw an e-cigarette,
I heard of and saw an e-cigarette,
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Znate, kada sam prvi put čula
za elektronske cigarete i videla ih,
za elektronske cigarete i videla ih,
02:54
I knew right away
that teens would love it.
that teens would love it.
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odmah sam znala
da će ih tinejdžeri obožavati.
da će ih tinejdžeri obožavati.
02:57
These devices are technology on a stick,
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Te naprave su tehnologija na štapiću,
03:00
a perfect fit for
the smartphone generation --
the smartphone generation --
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savršeno odgovaraju
generaciji pametnih telefona -
generaciji pametnih telefona -
03:03
small, rechargeable, easy to use,
easy to modify, nice smelling --
easy to modify, nice smelling --
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male su, pune se, lake su za upotrebu,
lako se menjaju, lepo mirišu -
lako se menjaju, lepo mirišu -
neke se čak i sinhronizuju sa telefonom
da biste videli koliko ste koristili vejp.
da biste videli koliko ste koristili vejp.
03:09
some even sync with your smartphone
to let you know how much you have vaped.
to let you know how much you have vaped.
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03:13
Even I was very drawn
to these very clever devices.
to these very clever devices.
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Čak su i mene privukle ove pametne sprave.
03:17
And since I had spent a long time
researching teen and adult addictions,
researching teen and adult addictions,
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A pošto sam dosta vremena provela
istražujući zavisnosti
tinejdžera i odraslih,
tinejdžera i odraslih,
03:22
I immediately realized that these devices
fit perfectly into the teen psyche.
fit perfectly into the teen psyche.
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odmah sam shvatila da se ti uređaji
savršeno uklapaju u tinejdžersku psihu.
savršeno uklapaju u tinejdžersku psihu.
03:28
Teens are impulsive,
and they love to try new things.
and they love to try new things.
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Tinejdžeri su impulsivni
i vole da isprobavaju nove stvari.
i vole da isprobavaju nove stvari.
03:32
They're also craving independence,
and they love to make things their own.
and they love to make things their own.
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Takođe žude za nezavisnošću
i vole da stvari prilagode sebi.
i vole da stvari prilagode sebi.
03:37
E-cigarettes meet these needs perfectly
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Elektronske cigarete
savršeno zadovoljavaju te potrebe
savršeno zadovoljavaju te potrebe
03:39
by allowing them the chance
to both innovate and personalize
to both innovate and personalize
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tako što im pružaju priliku
da istovremeno uvode novine i podešavaju
da istovremeno uvode novine i podešavaju
03:43
their vape experience.
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svoje iskustvo sa vejpom.
03:45
They can choose from over 15,000
different e-liquid flavors
different e-liquid flavors
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Mogu da biraju više od 15 000
različitih ukusa tečnosti
različitih ukusa tečnosti
03:50
and multiple nicotine concentrations.
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i više koncentracija nikotina.
03:52
They can even create their own
nicotine flavor combination.
nicotine flavor combination.
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Čak mogu da naprave
svoju nikotinsku kombinaciju ukusa.
svoju nikotinsku kombinaciju ukusa.
03:58
They can change how much vapor
is produced from these devices
is produced from these devices
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Mogu da promene količinu pare
koju ovi uređaji proizvode
koju ovi uređaji proizvode
04:01
by modifying the puff volume
and the constituents
and the constituents
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podešavajući zapreminu
pri udisaju, sastojke,
pri udisaju, sastojke,
04:04
and the power and temperature
of the devices.
of the devices.
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snagu i temperaturu naprave.
04:08
They can even use these devices
for "cloud chasing."
for "cloud chasing."
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Čak koriste ove uređaje
za „jurenje oblaka“.
za „jurenje oblaka“.
04:12
Cloud chasing, also called vape tricks
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Jurenje oblaka, takođe poznato
kao trikovi sa vejpom ili dimni trikovi,
kao trikovi sa vejpom ili dimni trikovi,
04:15
or smoke tricks,
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04:16
involves producing large vape clouds
with quirky shapes and names,
with quirky shapes and names,
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podrazumeva pravljenje ogromnih oblaka
od pare sa čudnim oblicima i imenima
od pare sa čudnim oblicima i imenima
04:20
like rings, dragons, ghosts ...
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kao što su prstenovi, zmajevi, duhovi...
04:23
Cloud chasers can even participate
in cloud competitions
in cloud competitions
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Oni koji jure oblake mogu čak
i da učestvuju na takmičenjima
i da učestvuju na takmičenjima
04:26
and win prizes for creating
the most innovative shaped clouds.
the most innovative shaped clouds.
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i da osvajaju nagrade za pravljenje
najinovativnijih oblika dima.
najinovativnijih oblika dima.
04:31
Teens can also change the strength
and throat hit from the vapor
and throat hit from the vapor
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Tinejdžeri takođe mogu da menjaju
snagu i osećaj u grlu od pare
snagu i osećaj u grlu od pare
04:35
by either vaporizing the e-liquid
at higher temperatures
at higher temperatures
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isparavanjem tečnosti
na višim temperaturama
na višim temperaturama
04:39
or dripping the e-liquid
directly onto a heated coil.
directly onto a heated coil.
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ili kapanjem tečnosti
direktno na zagrejani kalem.
direktno na zagrejani kalem.
04:43
They can even use these devices
for marijuana vaping.
for marijuana vaping.
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Čak mogu koristiti ove uređaje
i za pušenje marihuane.
i za pušenje marihuane.
04:46
And since the devices
use lower temperatures
use lower temperatures
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A pošto ove sprave
koriste niske temperature
koriste niske temperature
04:49
and do not combust or burn the marijuana,
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i ne sagorevaju niti pale marihuanu,
04:52
they can do this very discreetly,
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to mogu da rade vrlo diskretno,
04:54
without the distinctive smell
of burnt marijuana.
of burnt marijuana.
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bez prepoznatljivog mirisa
zapaljene marihuane.
zapaljene marihuane.
04:57
So they can really make these vape
experiences their own,
experiences their own,
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Dakle, zaista mogu da pretvore
iskustvo sa vejpom u lično svoje,
iskustvo sa vejpom u lično svoje,
05:00
which may explain the astounding rise
in the use of these devices by youth.
in the use of these devices by youth.
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što može objasniti zapanjujući porast
upotrebe ovih naprava kod mladih.
upotrebe ovih naprava kod mladih.
05:06
E-cigarettes are technically
a very simple device.
a very simple device.
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Elektronske cigarete
su tehnički vrlo jednostavne naprave.
su tehnički vrlo jednostavne naprave.
05:10
There is a receptacle for the e-liquid
which can be a tank, a pod or a plug.
which can be a tank, a pod or a plug.
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Postoji posuda za tečnost koja može biti
rezervoar, mahuna, tj. „pod“ ili čep.
rezervoar, mahuna, tj. „pod“ ili čep.
05:16
There is a battery that charges the coil,
which then vaporizes the e-liquid.
which then vaporizes the e-liquid.
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Postoji baterija koja napaja kalem,
a koji zatim isparava elektronsku tečnost.
a koji zatim isparava elektronsku tečnost.
05:20
And then there is a mouthpiece,
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A tu je i usnik,
05:22
where the user can actually draw
from the e-cigarette.
from the e-cigarette.
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odakle korisnik može da povuče dim
iz elektronske cigarete.
iz elektronske cigarete.
05:25
In 2017, there were 466 e-cigarette
devices in the marketplace.
devices in the marketplace.
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Na tržištu je 2017. godine postojalo
466 vrsta elektronskih cigareta.
466 vrsta elektronskih cigareta.
05:32
These range from cigarette-like devices
which are also called "cigalikes"
which are also called "cigalikes"
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Kreću se od naprava sličnih cigaretama
koje se nazivaju i „cigalajk“
koje se nazivaju i „cigalajk“
05:37
to tank systems,
which are also called "pens."
which are also called "pens."
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do sistema sa rezervoarom
koji se zovu i „olovke“.
koji se zovu i „olovke“.
05:40
And then there are modified devices,
which are also called "mods."
which are also called "mods."
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Zatim su tu i modifikovane naprave
koje se zovu „modovi“.
koje se zovu „modovi“.
05:44
Mods look nothing like a cigarette,
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Modovi uopšte ne izgledaju kao cigareta
05:47
and they come in various shapes and sizes,
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i ima ih u raznim oblicima i veličinama,
05:50
with different kinds of attachments
and user adjustments.
and user adjustments.
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sa različitim vrstama dodataka
i podešavanjima za korisnike.
i podešavanjima za korisnike.
05:53
They're very popular for cloud chasing.
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Vrlo su popularni za „jurenje oblaka“.
05:56
The most recent entrance
into the marketplace
into the marketplace
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Poslednje što se pojavilo na tržištu
05:59
are the pod devices,
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su pod sistemi
06:00
which contain the e-liquid in a pod.
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koji tečnost sadrže u kartridžu.
06:03
These are very popular,
by the way, among teens.
by the way, among teens.
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Oni su, inače, vrlo popularni
među tinejdžerima.
među tinejdžerima.
06:06
An example of this is the Juul,
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Primer ovoga je Džul
06:08
which not only looks like a USB device
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koji ne samo da izgleda kao USB uređaj,
06:11
but can also be plugged
into a USB outlet to charge.
into a USB outlet to charge.
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već se može i priključiti
na USB ulaz da bi se napunio.
na USB ulaz da bi se napunio.
Mnogi tinejdžeri čak ni ne smatraju
da su ovo elektronske cigarete,
da su ovo elektronske cigarete,
06:15
Many teens do not even think
that these are e-cigarettes,
that these are e-cigarettes,
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06:17
which has led to the use of terms
like "juuling" instead of "vaping."
like "juuling" instead of "vaping."
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što je dovelo do korišćenja termina
kao što je „džulovanje“
kao što je „džulovanje“
umesto „vejpovanja“.
06:22
Many of these devices are so discreet
and produce so little vapor
and produce so little vapor
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Mnogi ti uređaji su toliko diskretni
i proizvode tako malo pare
i proizvode tako malo pare
06:27
that teens are using them in classrooms
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da ih tinejdžeri koriste u učionicama
06:29
and hiding them in objects
like Sharpie pens, their clothes,
like Sharpie pens, their clothes,
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i kriju ih u predmetima
kao što su markeri, odeća,
kao što su markeri, odeća,
06:32
their books.
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knjige.
06:34
Now, many teens think
that these devices produce water vapor,
that these devices produce water vapor,
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Mnogi tinejžeri misle da ovi uređaji
proizvode vodenu paru
proizvode vodenu paru
i da su samim tim bezbedni za korišćenje.
06:37
and therefore, they are safe to use.
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06:39
But this could not be
further from the truth.
further from the truth.
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Ali, to je daleko od istine.
06:42
What is produced is not even a vapor,
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To što se proizvodi nije čak ni para
06:44
it's an aerosol,
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već aerosol,
06:45
and let me tell you, the difference
is quite pronounced.
is quite pronounced.
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i mogu vam reći da je razlika
prilično izražena.
prilično izražena.
06:49
Aerosols contain many finely suspended
particles of liquids and gases
particles of liquids and gases
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Aerosoli sadrže mnogo čestica
tečnosti i gasova koje fino lebde
tečnosti i gasova koje fino lebde
06:54
that are created
from whatever is in the e-liquid.
from whatever is in the e-liquid.
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i koje se stvaraju
od onoga što je u tečnosti.
od onoga što je u tečnosti.
06:57
So an aerosol could contain
propylene glycol and glycerin,
propylene glycol and glycerin,
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Tako aerosol može da sadrži
propilen glikol i glicerin
propilen glikol i glicerin
koji su rastvarači u tečnosti
za elektronske cigarete.
za elektronske cigarete.
07:00
which are solvents in the e-liquid.
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07:02
Now, these solvents are known
to be safe for edible use,
to be safe for edible use,
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Poznato je da su ovi rastvarači
bezbedni za upotrebu u ishrani,
bezbedni za upotrebu u ishrani,
07:06
so for use in products that you eat,
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dakle, u proizvodima koje jedete,
07:08
but we know very little about their safety
following long-term inhalational exposure.
following long-term inhalational exposure.
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ali vrlo malo znamo o bezbednosti
dugoročne izloženosti njihovom udisanju.
dugoročne izloženosti njihovom udisanju.
07:14
The e-liquids can also contain alcohol,
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Ove tečnosti mogu sadržati i alkohol,
07:16
sometimes in high levels,
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ponekad u velikoj količini,
07:18
and inhaling alcohol is known
to have toxic effects on the brain.
to have toxic effects on the brain.
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a poznato je da udisanje alkohola
ostavlja toksične posledice za mozak.
ostavlja toksične posledice za mozak.
07:23
I told you earlier that the e-liquids
contain over 15,000 different flavors.
contain over 15,000 different flavors.
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Malopre sam vam rekla da ove tečnosti
sadrže više od 15 000 različitih aroma.
sadrže više od 15 000 različitih aroma.
07:28
Here are some examples,
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Evo nekoliko primera,
07:30
some with very catchy but familiar names
like "Skittles" and "Fruit Loops,"
like "Skittles" and "Fruit Loops,"
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među kojima neki imaju
zvučna a poznata imena
zvučna a poznata imena
kao što su „Skittles“ i „Fruit Loops“,
07:35
and others with more exotic names
like "Dragon's Milk" and "Tiger's Blood"
like "Dragon's Milk" and "Tiger's Blood"
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kao i egzotičnija imena
kao što su „zmajevo mleko“, „tigrova krv“
kao što su „zmajevo mleko“, „tigrova krv“
07:39
and "Unicorn Puke."
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i „jednorogov izbljuvak“.
07:41
The e-liquid or the aerosol
can also contain metallic particles
can also contain metallic particles
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Tečnosti za elektronske cigarete
ili aerosoli mogu imati i čestice metala
ili aerosoli mogu imati i čestice metala
07:46
like chromium, cadmium and lead.
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kao što su hrom, kadmijum i olovo.
07:48
These are generated
from the heating coil in the devices
from the heating coil in the devices
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Stvaraju se iz grejnog kalema u uređajima
07:51
and are also known to have
many toxic effects on vital organs.
many toxic effects on vital organs.
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i poznato je da imaju
mnoga toksična dejstva na vitalne organe.
mnoga toksična dejstva na vitalne organe.
07:55
So no, let me make this very clear:
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Dakle, ne, da jasno kažem:
07:58
what is produced is definitely
not water vapor.
not water vapor.
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ono što se proizvodi
definitivno nije vodena para.
definitivno nije vodena para.
08:04
Exposure of the teen brain to nicotine
through e-cigarettes
through e-cigarettes
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Izlaganje mozga tinejdžera nikotinu
putem eletronskih cigareta
putem eletronskih cigareta
08:07
is also very concerning.
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takođe je veoma zabrinjavajuće.
Mozak tinejdžera je veoma osetljiv
čak i na veoma malu količinu nikotina
čak i na veoma malu količinu nikotina
08:09
The teen brain is very sensitive
to even low levels of nicotine
to even low levels of nicotine
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08:12
and gets very easily addicted.
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i vrlo lako postaje zavisan.
08:15
In fact, we have known for a long time
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Zapravo, odavno znamo
08:17
that 90 percent of smokers start smoking
cigarettes prior to the age of 18.
cigarettes prior to the age of 18.
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da 90 posto pušača počne
da puši cigarete pre svoje 18. godine.
da puši cigarete pre svoje 18. godine.
08:23
Those who start early are more addicted
and have a harder time quitting smoking.
and have a harder time quitting smoking.
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Oni koji počnu ranije su više zavisni
i teže im je da prestanu da puše.
i teže im je da prestanu da puše.
08:28
In other words, and to quote
a past FDA commissioner,
a past FDA commissioner,
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Drugim rečima, da citiram prethodnog
komesara Uprave za hranu i lekove:
komesara Uprave za hranu i lekove:
08:32
"Nicotine addiction ...
is a pediatric disease."
is a pediatric disease."
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„Zavisnost od nikotina
je pedijatrijska bolest.“
je pedijatrijska bolest.“
08:36
E-cigarettes can expose teens
to a lot of nicotine.
to a lot of nicotine.
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Elektronske cigarete mogu tinejdžera
izložiti velikoj količini nikotina.
izložiti velikoj količini nikotina.
08:40
Many of these devices contain
the amount of nicotine
the amount of nicotine
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Mnogi ti uređaji sadrže količinu nikotina
08:42
that is in a full pack of cigarettes.
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kao u punoj pakli cigareta.
08:45
The more recent pod devices
contain a nicotine salt,
contain a nicotine salt,
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Najnoviji „pod sistemi“
sadrže nikotinsku so
sadrže nikotinsku so
08:48
which has a smoother taste
and is much easier to use
and is much easier to use
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koja ima blaži ukus, lakše ju je koristiti
08:51
and can produce rapid increases
in brain nicotine levels.
in brain nicotine levels.
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i može brzo da poveća
nivo nikotina u mozgu.
nivo nikotina u mozgu.
Tinejdžeri koji redovno koriste
elektronske cigarete
elektronske cigarete
08:56
Teens who use e-cigarettes regularly
report symptoms of craving --
report symptoms of craving --
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navode da imaju simptome snažne potrebe -
09:00
feeling anxious when they don't
have their e-cigarettes.
have their e-cigarettes.
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osećanja nervoze kada nemaju
elektronsku cigaretu.
elektronsku cigaretu.
09:03
All these are hallmarks
of a behavioral addiction.
of a behavioral addiction.
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Sve to su odlike zavisničkog ponašanja.
09:07
E-cigarettes are not only addictive
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Ne samo da elektronske cigarete
stvaraju zavisnost,
stvaraju zavisnost,
09:11
but they also affect
many other organs in the body.
many other organs in the body.
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već i utiču na mnogo drugih organa u telu.
Tako se nikotin koji je
u elektronskim cigaretama, na primer,
u elektronskim cigaretama, na primer,
09:15
So nicotine, which is
in e-cigarettes, for example,
in e-cigarettes, for example,
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09:17
binds to a receptor called
the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,
the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,
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vezuje za receptor koji se zove
nikotinski acetilholinski receptor,
nikotinski acetilholinski receptor,
09:21
which plays a key role in the functioning
of almost all organ systems
of almost all organ systems
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a koji ima ključnu ulogu u funkcionisanju
skoro svih sistema organa
skoro svih sistema organa
09:25
in the human body.
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u ljudskom telu.
09:27
And chronic exposure to nicotine
changes the functioning of these systems.
changes the functioning of these systems.
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Hronična izloženost nikotinu
menja funkcionisanje tih sistema.
menja funkcionisanje tih sistema.
09:32
So as an example,
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Na primer,
09:33
chronic exposure to nicotine decreases
the flexibility of the blood vessels
the flexibility of the blood vessels
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hronična izloženost nikotinu
smanjuje fleksibilnost krvnih sudova
smanjuje fleksibilnost krvnih sudova
09:37
and changes how the heart responds
to acute challenges like stress.
to acute challenges like stress.
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i menja način na koji srce reaguje
na akutne izazove kao što je stres.
na akutne izazove kao što je stres.
09:43
The teen brain is not only sensitive
to the addictive effects of nicotine
to the addictive effects of nicotine
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Ne samo da je mozak tinejdžera osetljiv
na stvaranje zavisnosti od nikotina,
na stvaranje zavisnosti od nikotina,
09:46
but also to its toxic effects.
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već i na njegova toksična dejstva.
09:49
In adolescent animals, nicotine
is a very well-established neurotoxin,
is a very well-established neurotoxin,
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Kod životinja adolescenata, nikotin
je dobro ustanovljen kao nervni otrov,
je dobro ustanovljen kao nervni otrov,
09:54
and it decreases learning,
memory and attention processes
memory and attention processes
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i on ometa učenje,
pamćenje i procese pažnje,
pamćenje i procese pažnje,
09:57
and increases hyperactivity symptoms.
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a pojačava simptome hiperaktivnosti.
09:59
Teens who use tobacco products
are more likely to use
are more likely to use
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Tinejdžeri koji koriste duvanske proizvode
češće koriste marihuanu i alkohol
češće koriste marihuanu i alkohol
10:02
marijuana and alcohol
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i imaju veće izglede da obole od depresije
i anksioznosti kao tinejdžeri ili odrasli.
i anksioznosti kao tinejdžeri ili odrasli.
10:04
and also develop depression and anxiety
as a teen or as an adult.
as a teen or as an adult.
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10:10
So nicotine addiction through e-cigarettes
could be leading them down the path
could be leading them down the path
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Dakle, zavisnost od nikotina
putem elektronskih cigareta
putem elektronskih cigareta
može ih voditi ka drugim zavisnostima
10:14
of other addictions
and other mental health problems.
and other mental health problems.
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i drugim problemima mentalnog zdravlja.
10:19
Now, in adolescent animals, nicotine
also produces epigenetic changes,
also produces epigenetic changes,
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Kod životinja adolescenata
nikotin takođe stvara epigenetske promene
nikotin takođe stvara epigenetske promene
10:23
or heritable changes in gene expression,
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ili nasledne promene u ispoljavanju gena,
10:26
for example, in the genes
involved in asthma.
involved in asthma.
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na primer, u genima povezanim sa astmom.
10:29
So teens who use nicotine may not only
be harming themselves
be harming themselves
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Dakle, tinejdžeri koji koriste nikotine
mogu ne samo da naškode sebi,
mogu ne samo da naškode sebi,
10:33
but they could be harming
their future generations.
their future generations.
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već i budućim generacijama.
10:37
You know, the very existence
of e-cigarettes
of e-cigarettes
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Znate, samo postojanje
elektronskih cigareta
elektronskih cigareta
10:39
could have led to an entire generation
of nicotine-addicted youth.
of nicotine-addicted youth.
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moglo bi da dovede do čitave generacije
mladih koji su zavisni od nikotina.
mladih koji su zavisni od nikotina.
10:44
Easy access to these devices
could have led to more experimentation
could have led to more experimentation
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Pristupačnost ovih uređaja može dovesti
do većeg eksperimentisanja sa marihuanom
do većeg eksperimentisanja sa marihuanom
10:48
with marijuana and many other
vaporizable substances by youth.
vaporizable substances by youth.
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i mnogim drugim supstancama koje se udišu.
10:53
While there is no doubt that providing
smokers with a cleaner form of nicotine
smokers with a cleaner form of nicotine
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Mada nema sumnje da snabdevanje pušača
čistijim oblikom nikotina
čistijim oblikom nikotina
10:57
is and should continue
to be a critical goal,
to be a critical goal,
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jeste i treba i dalje da bude važan cilj,
11:01
we still do not know if these devices
help smokers quit smoking,
help smokers quit smoking,
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još uvek ne znamo da li ovi uređaji
pomažu pušačima da prestanu da puše,
pomažu pušačima da prestanu da puše,
11:05
and we know very little about
the long-term effects of these devices.
the long-term effects of these devices.
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a ne znamo ni mnogo
o dugoročnim dejstvima ovih uređaja.
o dugoročnim dejstvima ovih uređaja.
11:10
What we do know is that youth --
lots of youth -- are using these devices.
lots of youth -- are using these devices.
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Ono što znamo je da mladi -
mnogi mladi ljudi - koriste ove uređaje.
mnogi mladi ljudi - koriste ove uređaje.
11:15
In fact, the FDA commissioner
recently used the term "epidemic"
recently used the term "epidemic"
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Zapravo, komesar Uprave za hranu i lekove
nedavno je upotrebio termin „epidemija“
nedavno je upotrebio termin „epidemija“
11:19
to describe e-cigarette use in the US.
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da bi opisao korišćenje
elektronskih cigareta u SAD-u.
elektronskih cigareta u SAD-u.
11:23
While trying to solve one huge
public health problem, cigarette smoking,
public health problem, cigarette smoking,
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Dok smo pokušavali da rešimo jedan veliki
problem javnog zdravlja, pušenje cigareta,
problem javnog zdravlja, pušenje cigareta,
11:27
we may have created another colossal one.
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možda smo stvorili drugi ogroman problem.
11:30
Our lack of vigilance in the earlier years
around cigarette smoking
around cigarette smoking
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Naš nedostatak opreznosti ranijih godina
u vezi sa pušenjem cigareta
u vezi sa pušenjem cigareta
11:34
led to a cigarette epidemic and many,
many cigarette-related diseases.
many cigarette-related diseases.
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doveo je do epidemije cigareta
i mnogih oboljenja vezanih za pušenje.
i mnogih oboljenja vezanih za pušenje.
11:38
We do not want to repeat
the same mistakes with e-cigarettes.
the same mistakes with e-cigarettes.
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Ne bismo da ponovimo istu grešku
sa elektronskim cigaretama.
sa elektronskim cigaretama.
11:43
So now is the time for action,
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Dakle, sada je vreme za akciju,
11:46
for regulations that address the appeal
and access of these devices to youth.
and access of these devices to youth.
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4726
za propise koji se odnose na privlačnost
i pristupačnost ovih uređaja mladima.
i pristupačnost ovih uređaja mladima.
11:52
Do smokers really need 15,000
kid-friendly flavors to quit smoking?
kid-friendly flavors to quit smoking?
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Da li pušačima zaista treba 15 000 aroma
privlačnih za decu da bi prestali da puše?
privlačnih za decu da bi prestali da puše?
11:58
Do they need so many different
kinds of devices?
kinds of devices?
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Da li im je potrebno
toliko različitih vrsta uređaja?
toliko različitih vrsta uređaja?
12:02
Is it a good idea to have devices
which are so easy to hide
which are so easy to hide
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Da li je dobra ideja imati uređaje
koje je tako lako sakriti
koje je tako lako sakriti
12:06
and so easy to use?
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i tako lako koristiti?
12:09
We recently heard that the FDA plans
to introduce stricter regulations
to introduce stricter regulations
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Skoro smo čuli da Uprava za hranu i lekove
planira da uvede strožije propise
planira da uvede strožije propise
12:13
on sales of these devices
that contain e-liquid flavors
that contain e-liquid flavors
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u vezi sa prodajom ovih uređaja
koji sadrže tečnost sa aromama
koji sadrže tečnost sa aromama
12:17
in retail locations like convenience
stores and gas stations,
stores and gas stations,
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na maloprodajnim lokacijama
kao što su prodavnice i benzinske stanice,
kao što su prodavnice i benzinske stanice,
12:21
and also introduce stricter regulations
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kao i da uvedu strožije propise
12:23
on sales of devices
to minors over the internet.
to minors over the internet.
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vezane za prodaju uređaja
maloletnicima putem interneta.
maloletnicima putem interneta.
12:26
Is this going to be sufficient to change
this rapid increase in youth uptake?
this rapid increase in youth uptake?
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Hoće li to biti dovoljno za promenu
naglog porasta u konzumiranju kod mladih?
naglog porasta u konzumiranju kod mladih?
12:32
We need to ask and answer
such critical questions.
such critical questions.
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Moramo da postavljamo ta ključna pitanja
i odgovorimo na njih.
i odgovorimo na njih.
12:36
Now is also the time for a serious
public education campaign.
public education campaign.
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Sada je, takođe, vreme
za ozbiljnu javnu obrazovnu kampanju.
za ozbiljnu javnu obrazovnu kampanju.
Tinejdžeri i njihovi roditelji
moraju da znaju da,
moraju da znaju da,
12:40
Teens and their parents need to know
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12:43
that while e-cigarettes may contain
less toxins than cigarettes,
less toxins than cigarettes,
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3689
iako elektronske cigarete
možda sadrže manje otrova od cigareta,
možda sadrže manje otrova od cigareta,
12:47
they're certainly not benign.
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svakako nisu bezopasne.
12:49
Exposure of their bodies to the chemicals
produced by these devices
produced by these devices
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Izlaganje njihovih tela hemikalijama
koje proizvode ovi uređaji
koje proizvode ovi uređaji
12:53
could be changing them in ways
they may not like
they may not like
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može ih menjati na način
koji im se možda neće svideti
koji im se možda neće svideti
12:56
and setting them up for future
unknown toxicities and health problems.
unknown toxicities and health problems.
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i pokrenuti nepoznata otrovna dejstva
i zdravstvene probleme u budućnosti.
i zdravstvene probleme u budućnosti.
Znate, kada sam malopre rekla
13:01
You know, when I said earlier
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da se elektronske cigarete savršeno
uklapaju u generaciju pametnih telefona,
uklapaju u generaciju pametnih telefona,
13:02
that e-cigarettes were a perfect fit
for the smartphone generation,
for the smartphone generation,
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13:06
I was not kidding.
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nisam se šalila.
13:07
We live in a technology-crazed world,
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Živimo u svetu koji ludi za tehnologijom,
13:10
where the latest device
and technology gets a lot of attention
and technology gets a lot of attention
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4124
u kome najnoviji uređaji
i tehnologija privlače mnogo pažnje
i tehnologija privlače mnogo pažnje
13:14
just because it is technology
and because it is the latest thing.
and because it is the latest thing.
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samo zato što se radi o tehnologiji
i zato što je nešto najnovije.
i zato što je nešto najnovije.
13:19
More and more over the next few years
and for the rest of our lives,
and for the rest of our lives,
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Sve više ćemo tokom narednih
nekoliko godina i tokom ostatka života
nekoliko godina i tokom ostatka života
13:23
we are going to see technologies
coming into the marketplace
coming into the marketplace
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sretati tehnologije koje stižu na tržište
13:26
that may not raise
any health flags at first,
any health flags at first,
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koje možda u početku neće podići uzbunu,
13:28
simply because they don't look unhealthy
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jednostavno zato što ne izgledaju nezdravo
13:31
or they're not a medical device.
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ili zato što nisu medicinska sprava.
13:33
For example, we could see devices
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Na primer, mogli bismo videti uređaje
13:35
that may make it easier
to go longer without sleep
to go longer without sleep
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koji bi nam olakšali
da duže izdržimo bez spavanja
da duže izdržimo bez spavanja
13:39
or help us lose weight --
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ili da nam pomognu da smršamo,
što je moj lični cilj,
što je moj lični cilj,
13:40
a personal goal of mine --
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13:42
or achieve any number of other goals
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ili da postignemo bilo kakav drugi cilj
13:44
that we as consumers
are very, very interested in.
are very, very interested in.
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koji nas veoma zanima kao korisnike.
13:48
But many of these devices may come
with unacceptable risks to our own health.
with unacceptable risks to our own health.
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Ali, uz mnoge ove uređaje
idu neprihvatljivi rizici po zdravlje.
idu neprihvatljivi rizici po zdravlje.
13:54
So if we want to protect our health
and the health of our children,
and the health of our children,
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Zato, ako želimo da zaštitimo
svoje zdravlje i zdravlje naše dece,
svoje zdravlje i zdravlje naše dece,
13:58
perhaps we should get out of the habit
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možda bi trebalo da prekinemo sa navikom
14:00
of automatically celebrating
such new technology
such new technology
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da automatski slavimo
takve nove tehnologije
takve nove tehnologije
14:04
and get into the habit of looking
at them with a critical eye,
at them with a critical eye,
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i da usvojimo naviku
da ih kritički sagledamo,
da ih kritički sagledamo,
14:08
perhaps even through a medical lens.
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možda čak i iz medicinske perspektive.
14:11
Because, you know something?
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Jer, znate šta?
14:13
Our health, the health of our children
and our future generations
and our future generations
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Naše zdravlje, zdravlje naše dece
i naših budućih generacija
i naših budućih generacija
14:17
is far too valuable
to let it go up in smoke --
to let it go up in smoke --
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suviše je dragoceno da bismo dopustili
da nestane u oblaku dima
da nestane u oblaku dima
14:21
or even in aerosol.
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ili čak aerosoli.
14:23
Thank you.
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Hvala.
14:24
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin - Biobehavioral scientistSuchitra Krishnan-Sarin is focused on developing a bio-behavioral understanding of substance use behaviors in adult and adolescent substance users.
Why you should listen
In the area of adolescent tobacco use, Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin has conducted qualitative research including focus groups and surveys to understand patterns and perceptions of use of tobacco products; clinical trials to develop and test the use of novel behavioral and pharmacological cessation and prevention interventions; and experimental evaluations of behavioral and neural predictors of use and cessation behaviors. Because of her expertise in youth tobacco use behaviors, she has contributed to the Surgeon General's report on Preventing Tobacco Use among Young People and also serves as a member of the FDA's Tobacco Product Scientific Advisory Committee. Krishnan-Sarin is a professor of psychiatry at the Yale University School of Medicine and the Co-PI on the Yale Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science.
Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin | Speaker | TED.com