TED2019
Bjarke Ingels: Floating cities, the LEGO House and other architectural forms of the future
比雅克·英格尔斯: 漂浮城市、乐高屋等未来建筑形式
Filmed:
Readability: 4.3
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建筑师英格尔斯说，设计赋予了未来的模样。在这个展示其全球项目的演讲中，他带我们游览废物能源电厂之旅 (同时也是一个高山滑雪场) 和丹麦乐高积木家园，并简短介绍了位于纽约的尖端的，可以防御洪水的弹性基础设施，以及一项雄心勃勃的创建浮动、可持续的城市适应气候变化的项目。
Bjarke Ingels - Architect
Theory meets pragmatism meets optimism in Bjarke Ingels' architecture. His big-think approach is informed by a hands-on, ground-up understanding of the needs of a building's occupants and surroundings. Full bio
Theory meets pragmatism meets optimism in Bjarke Ingels' architecture. His big-think approach is informed by a hands-on, ground-up understanding of the needs of a building's occupants and surroundings. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
My mom has always reminded me
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我妈妈总是提醒我
我的体型比例跟乐高玩具人一样。
00:15
that I have the same
proportions as a LEGO man.
proportions as a LEGO man.
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00:18
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
00:20
And she does actually have a point.
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她说的确实有道理。
00:23
LEGO is a company that has succeeded
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乐高是一家成功说服人们相信
乐高来自他们祖国的公司。
00:25
in making everybody believe
that LEGO is from their home country.
that LEGO is from their home country.
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00:31
But it's not, it's from my home country.
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但其实不是，乐高来自我的祖国。
00:33
So you can imagine my excitement
when the LEGO family called me
when the LEGO family called me
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所以你能想象得到，
当乐高叫我跟他们一起，
当乐高叫我跟他们一起，
设计积木家园时，我有多么兴奋。
00:37
and asked us to work with them
to design the Home of the Brick.
to design the Home of the Brick.
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00:40
This is the architectural model --
we built it out of LEGO, obviously.
we built it out of LEGO, obviously.
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这是一个建筑模型——
当然啦，我们是用乐高建的。
当然啦，我们是用乐高建的。
这是成品的样子。
00:44
This is the final result.
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我们试图做的是设计一栋
00:46
And what we tried to do was to design
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跟乐高本身一样具有互动性、
00:48
a building that would be as interactive
and as engaging and as playful
and as engaging and as playful
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吸引人和好玩的建筑，
00:52
as LEGO is itself,
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屋顶上还有串起来的游乐场。
00:54
with these kind of interconnected
playgrounds on the roofscape.
playgrounds on the roofscape.
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你可以进入一个广场，
00:57
You can enter a square on the ground
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00:59
where the citizens of Billund
can roam around freely without a ticket.
can roam around freely without a ticket.
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比隆的市民可以在那
自由漫步，无需门票。
自由漫步，无需门票。
01:04
And it's probably one of the only
museums in the world
museums in the world
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这可能是世界上唯一一个
可以触摸所有工艺品的博物馆。
01:06
where you're allowed
to touch all the artifacts.
to touch all the artifacts.
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01:10
But the Danish word for design
is "formgivning," which literally means
is "formgivning," which literally means
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丹麦语中的设计是
“formgiving”（赋形）的意思，
“formgiving”（赋形）的意思，
01:16
to give form to that
which has not yet been given form.
which has not yet been given form.
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它的字面意思是
将未被赋予形状的东西赋予形状。
将未被赋予形状的东西赋予形状。
01:21
In other words,
to give form to the future.
to give form to the future.
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换句话说，给未来以形状。
01:24
And what I love about LEGO
is that LEGO is not a toy.
is that LEGO is not a toy.
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我钟爱乐高的原因在于
乐高不是一个玩具。
乐高不是一个玩具。
01:28
It's a tool that empowers the child
to build his or her own world,
to build his or her own world,
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它是一种鼓舞儿童建造自己世界的工具，
然后居住在那个世界中，
玩耍和邀请朋友
玩耍和邀请朋友
01:34
and then to inhabit
that world through play
that world through play
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01:36
and to invite her friends to join her
in cohabiting and cocreating that world.
in cohabiting and cocreating that world.
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一起加入、生活并共同创造。
01:41
And that is exactly what formgivning is.
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这就是赋形的确实含义。
01:44
As human beings, we have the power
to give form to our future.
to give form to our future.
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作为人类，
我们有能力为我们的未来赋形。
我们有能力为我们的未来赋形。
01:50
Inspired by LEGO,
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受乐高启发，
我们在哥本哈根建立了
一个社会住房项目，
一个社会住房项目，
01:51
we've built a social housing
project in Copenhagen,
project in Copenhagen,
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我们把一块块的木头堆在一起。
01:55
where we stacked blocks
of wood next to each other.
of wood next to each other.
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之间留有额外的天花板
高度和阳台空间。
高度和阳台空间。
01:59
Between them, they leave spaces
with extra ceiling heights and balconies.
with extra ceiling heights and balconies.
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通过轻轻地摇动积木，
02:04
And by gently wiggling the blocks,
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我们可以创造出曲线
或者任何有机的形状，
或者任何有机的形状，
02:06
we can actually create curves
or any organic form,
or any organic form,
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以适应任何城市环境。
02:09
adapting to any urban context.
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02:12
Because adaptability is probably one
of the strongest drivers of architecture.
of the strongest drivers of architecture.
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因为适应性可能是建筑
最强大的驱动力之一。
最强大的驱动力之一。
02:18
Another example is here in Vancouver.
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另一个例子在温哥华。
02:20
We were asked to look at the site
where Granville bridge triforks
where Granville bridge triforks
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我们被要求留意
格兰维尔大桥与市中心
格兰维尔大桥与市中心
交接的地方。
02:24
as it touches downtown.
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02:26
And we started, like,
mapping the different constraints.
mapping the different constraints.
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我们开始留意各种约束条件。
例如，需要与大桥之间留足100英尺，
02:29
There's like a 100-foot
setback from the bridge
setback from the bridge
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因为市政府想确保
02:31
because the city want to make sure
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人们看不到桥上的交通。
02:33
that no one looks
into the traffic on the bridge.
into the traffic on the bridge.
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02:37
There's a park where
we can't cast any shadows.
we can't cast any shadows.
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还有一个公园，我们不能
在其中投下任何阴影。
在其中投下任何阴影。
02:40
So finally, we're left with a tiny
triangular footprint,
triangular footprint,
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所以最后，给我们留下的
是很小的三角形地带，
是很小的三角形地带，
几乎小到无法建造任何建筑。
02:43
almost too small to build.
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02:45
But then we thought, like,
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但然后我们想，
如果100英尺的最近距离
实际上是关于最近距离——
实际上是关于最近距离——
02:47
what if the 100-foot minimum distance
is really about minimum distance --
is really about minimum distance --
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一旦到了100英尺高的地方，
我们就能把大楼再恢复回来。
我们就能把大楼再恢复回来。
02:51
once we get 100 feet up in the air,
we can grow the building back out.
we can grow the building back out.
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02:55
And so we did.
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所以我们这样做了。
当你驾车驶过大桥，
02:57
When you drive over the bridge,
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这就好像有人拉开了舞台幕布，
02:58
it's as if someone is pulling
a curtain aback,
a curtain aback,
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欢迎您到温哥华来。
03:01
welcoming you to Vancouver.
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03:03
Or a like a weed growing
through the cracks in the pavement
through the cracks in the pavement
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或像杂草般
从人行道的缝隙中生长，
从人行道的缝隙中生长，
03:06
and blossoming as it gets light and air.
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在阳光和空气中绽放。
在桥的下方，我们与罗德尼·格雷厄姆
03:09
Underneath the bridge,
we've worked with Rodney Graham
we've worked with Rodney Graham
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和一些温哥华艺术家合作，
03:12
and a handful of Vancouver artists,
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创建了“西斯廷街头艺术教堂”，
03:15
to create what we called
the Sistine Chapel of street art,
the Sistine Chapel of street art,
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一个上下颠倒的艺术画廊。
03:19
an art gallery turned upside down,
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我们希望把这座桥的负面影响
变成积极的影响。
变成积极的影响。
03:21
that tries to turn the negative
impact of the bridge into a positive.
impact of the bridge into a positive.
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所以它即使看起来像
超现实主义的建筑，
超现实主义的建筑，
03:25
So even if it looks like
this kind of surreal architecture,
this kind of surreal architecture,
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它依然能高度适应它周围的环境。
03:28
it's highly adapted to its surroundings.
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03:32
So if a bridge can become a museum,
a museum can also serve as a bridge.
a museum can also serve as a bridge.
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如果一座桥可以成为一个博物馆，
一个博物馆也可以成为一座桥。
一个博物馆也可以成为一座桥。
在挪威，我们正在建造一座
横跨一条河的博物馆，
横跨一条河的博物馆，
03:37
In Norway, we are building a museum
that spans across a river
that spans across a river
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可以让人们从雕塑公园的一边
03:41
and allows people to sort of journey
through the exhibitions
through the exhibitions
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就像穿越展览一样走到另一边。
03:45
as they cross from one side
of a sculpture park to the other.
of a sculpture park to the other.
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03:48
An architecture sort of
adapted to its landscape.
adapted to its landscape.
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这是一种与当地景观相呼应的建筑。
03:53
In China, we built a headquarters
for an energy company
for an energy company
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在中国，我们建造了
一家能源公司总部，
一家能源公司总部，
把立面设计成类似
三宅一生的风格（日本服装品牌）。
三宅一生的风格（日本服装品牌）。
03:57
and we designed the facade
like an Issey Miyake fabric.
like an Issey Miyake fabric.
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它是波纹状的，主要朝着向阳面，
04:00
It's rippled, so that facing
the predominant direction of the sun,
the predominant direction of the sun,
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外表全都是不透明的；
04:04
it's all opaque;
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04:05
facing away from the sun, it's all glass.
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太阳背面，则全是玻璃。
总体来说，这是一种
从不透明到透明的过渡。
从不透明到透明的过渡。
04:08
On average, it sort of transitions
from solid to clear.
from solid to clear.
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04:12
And this very simple idea
without any moving parts
without any moving parts
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这是个非常简单的想法，
没有任何移动部件
没有任何移动部件
或者任何技术，
04:15
or any sort of technology,
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全部利用立面的几何形状，
04:17
purely because
of the geometry of the facade,
of the geometry of the facade,
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夏天能节约30%的降温能源消耗。
04:19
reduces the energy consumption
on cooling by 30 percent.
on cooling by 30 percent.
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04:24
So you can say what makes
the building look elegant
the building look elegant
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所以你可以说让这个建筑
看起来优雅的原因
看起来优雅的原因
也是让它的性能优雅的原因所在。
04:27
is also what makes it perform elegantly.
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04:29
It's an architecture
that is adapted to its climate.
that is adapted to its climate.
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这是一种适应气候的架构。
你也可以让一种文化适应另外一种，
04:33
You can also adapt one culture to another,
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04:36
like in Manhattan, we took
the Copenhagen courtyard building
the Copenhagen courtyard building
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就像在曼哈顿，
我们选择哥本哈根式庭院建筑，
我们选择哥本哈根式庭院建筑，
它有一个社交空间，人们可以
04:40
with a social space
where people can hang out
where people can hang out
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在城市中心的这种绿洲中闲逛，
04:42
in this kind of oasis
in the middle of a city,
in the middle of a city,
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我们把它与美国摩天大楼的
密度和垂直度
密度和垂直度
04:45
and we combined it with the density
and the verticality
and the verticality
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结合起来，
04:47
of an American skyscraper,
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04:49
creating what we've called
a "courtscraper."
a "courtscraper."
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创造了我们所说的“庭院刮刀”。
04:52
From New York to Copenhagen.
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从纽约再到哥本哈根。
在哥本哈根的海滨，
04:55
On the waterfront of Copenhagen,
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我们快要完成这个
废物转化能源的发电厂。
废物转化能源的发电厂。
04:57
we are right now finishing this
waste-to-energy power plant.
waste-to-energy power plant.
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05:02
It's going to be the cleanest
waste-to-energy power plant in the world,
waste-to-energy power plant in the world,
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它将成为世界上最清洁的
废物转化能源的发电厂，
废物转化能源的发电厂，
没有有害气体会从烟囱中出来。
05:05
there are no toxins
coming out of the chimney.
coming out of the chimney.
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一个完全注意不到的工程奇迹。
05:07
An amazing marvel of engineering
that is completely invisible.
that is completely invisible.
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所以我们想，我们可以如何表达这点？
05:10
So we thought, how can we express this?
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05:14
And in Copenhagen
we have snow, as you can see,
we have snow, as you can see,
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在哥本哈根，我们有雪，如你所见，
但这边没有高山。
05:16
but we have absolutely no mountains.
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05:20
We have to go six hours by bus
to get to Sweden,
to get to Sweden,
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我们必须坐六个小时的公共汽车
05:23
to get alpine skiing.
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去瑞典滑雪。
05:24
So we thought,
let's put an alpine ski slope
let's put an alpine ski slope
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于是我们想，
让我们在发电厂的屋顶上
让我们在发电厂的屋顶上
建一个高山滑雪坡。
05:27
on the roof of the power plant.
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这是我们几个月前做的第一次测试。
05:29
So this is the first test run
we did a few months ago.
we did a few months ago.
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05:33
And what I like about this
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我喜欢的是
它也向你展示了一种
改变世界的力量。
改变世界的力量。
05:34
is that it also show you the sort of
world-changing power of formgivning.
world-changing power of formgivning.
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05:40
I have a five-month-old son,
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我有个五个月大的孩子，
他长大以后
05:42
and he's going to grow up in a world
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并不会知道曾经
05:44
not knowing that there was ever a time
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人们无法在发电厂的屋顶上滑雪。
05:46
when you couldn't ski
on the roof of the power plant.
on the roof of the power plant.
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（笑声）
05:49
(Laughter)
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（鼓掌）
05:51
(Applause)
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05:55
So imagine for him and his generation,
that's their baseline.
that's their baseline.
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所以去想象下，这会是
他和他们这一代人理解的底线。
他和他们这一代人理解的底线。
想象一下他们能够飞跃多远，
05:59
Imagine how far they can leap,
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他们能为未来提出多么疯狂的想法。
06:00
what kind of wild ideas
they can put forward for their future.
they can put forward for their future.
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06:05
So right in front of it,
we're building our smallest project.
we're building our smallest project.
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就在它前面，
我们正在构建我们最小的项目。
我们正在构建我们最小的项目。
06:09
It's basically nine containers
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我们在波兰的船坞
堆放了9个集装箱，
06:12
that we have stacked
in a shipyard in Poland,
in a shipyard in Poland,
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然后把它拖过波罗的海
06:15
then we've schlepped it
across the Baltic sea
across the Baltic sea
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停靠在哥本哈根港口，
06:17
and docked it in the port of Copenhagen,
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这里现在是12个学生的家。
06:19
where it is now the home of 12 students.
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06:23
Each student has a view to the water,
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每个学生都有窗户对着海，
他们可以从窗户跳到
海水清澈的哥本哈根港口，
海水清澈的哥本哈根港口，
06:25
they can jump out the window
into the clean port of Copenhagen,
into the clean port of Copenhagen,
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06:28
and they can get back in.
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也可以从水中回到房间里。
06:30
All of the heat comes
from the thermal mass of the sea,
from the thermal mass of the sea,
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所有的热量都来自海洋，
所有的能量都来自太阳。
06:33
all the power comes from the sun.
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这是哥本哈根的首批12个单元，
06:35
This is the first 12 units in Copenhagen,
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06:38
another 60 on their way,
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还有60个在路上，
另外200个将会出现在哥德堡，
06:39
another 200 are going to Gothenburg,
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我们正在与巴黎奥运会商谈
06:42
and we're speaking with the Paris Olympics
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在塞纳河上放一个漂浮的小村庄。
06:44
to put a small floating
village on the Seine.
village on the Seine.
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06:47
So very much this kind of, almost like
nomadic, impermanent architecture.
nomadic, impermanent architecture.
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非常像游牧式的、非永久性建筑。
我们城市的海岸线正在
经历着巨大的变化。
经历着巨大的变化。
06:52
And the waterfronts of our cities
are experiencing a lot of change.
are experiencing a lot of change.
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06:56
Economic change, industrial change
and climate change.
and climate change.
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经济变化，行业变化和气候变化。
这是飓风桑迪过境前的曼哈顿，
06:59
This is Manhattan before Hurricane Sandy,
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这是之后的曼哈顿。
07:03
and this is Manhattan after Sandy.
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07:06
We got invited by the city of New York
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纽约市邀请了我们，
看看是否能为曼哈顿
提供必要的防洪措施，
提供必要的防洪措施，
07:08
to look if we could make the necessary
flood protection for Manhattan
flood protection for Manhattan
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在不修建海堤的前提下，
07:12
without building a seawall
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将城市与周围水域隔离开。
07:14
that would segregate the life
of the city from the water around it.
of the city from the water around it.
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我们受到了高线公园的启发。
07:17
And we got inspired by the High Line.
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你可能听过高线公园——
它是纽约一座了不起的新公园。
它是纽约一座了不起的新公园。
07:19
You probably know the High Line --
it's this amazing new park in New York.
it's this amazing new park in New York.
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07:23
It's basically decommissioned train tracks
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它曾经是一片废弃的铁轨，
现在已经成为城市中
最受欢迎的步行街之一。
最受欢迎的步行街之一。
07:26
that now have become one of the most
popular promenades in the city.
popular promenades in the city.
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于是我们想，
07:30
So we thought,
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我们能不能为曼哈顿设计
必要的防洪设施，
必要的防洪设施，
07:31
could we design the necessary
flood protection for Manhattan
flood protection for Manhattan
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这样就不需要等到（潮水来了）
不得不关闭它后才让情况得到改善？
不得不关闭它后才让情况得到改善？
07:34
so we don't have to wait
until we shut it down before it gets nice?
until we shut it down before it gets nice?
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07:39
So we sat down with the citizens
living along the waterfront of New York,
living along the waterfront of New York,
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于是我们和住在纽约海滨的
市民们展开了讨论，
市民们展开了讨论，
07:46
and we worked with them to try
to design the necessary flood protection
to design the necessary flood protection
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试图和他们一起努力
设计必要的防洪设施，
设计必要的防洪设施，
用一种更容易接近海滨，
07:50
in such a way that it only
makes their waterfront
makes their waterfront
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更令人愉快的方式。
07:53
more accessible and more enjoyable.
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在罗斯福路下，我们铺设了
07:55
Underneath the FDR,
we are putting, like, pavilions
we are putting, like, pavilions
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07:58
with pocket walls that can slide out
and protect from the water.
and protect from the water.
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带有滑槽的景观墙，可以阻止潮水。
我们加建了小阶梯，
08:01
We are creating little stepped terraces
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增加了整个设计的趣味性，
08:03
that are going to make
the underside more enjoyable,
the underside more enjoyable,
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同时也可以防止洪水涌入市内·。
08:06
but also protect from flooding.
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08:09
Further north in the East River Park,
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往北到东河公园，
我们设计了小小的坡度，
08:12
we are creating rolling hills
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以让公园不受高速公路噪音的影响，
08:15
that protect the park
from the noise of the highway,
from the noise of the highway,
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但同时也是必要的防洪设施，
08:19
but in turn also become
the necessary flood protection
the necessary flood protection
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可以在即将到来的风暴潮中阻止海浪。
08:23
that can stop the waves during
an incoming storm surge.
an incoming storm surge.
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08:28
So in a way, this project
that we have called the Dryline,
that we have called the Dryline,
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我们把这个项目称作“干线计划”，
它其实是高线——
08:32
it's essentially the High Line --
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（笑声）
08:34
(Laughter)
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让曼哈顿保持干燥的高线。
08:35
The High Line that's
going to keep Manhattan dry.
going to keep Manhattan dry.
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（鼓掌）
08:38
(Applause)
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在东河的第一部分计划在今年年底
08:40
It's scheduled to break ground
on the first East River portion
on the first East River portion
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破土动工。
08:44
at the end of this year.
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它是与曼哈顿下城居民
08:45
But it has essentially been codesigned
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联合设计的项目，
08:47
with the citizens of Lower Manhattan
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利用了一切必要的基础设施
以提高其抵御破坏的能力，
以提高其抵御破坏的能力，
08:50
to take all of the necessary
infrastructure for resilience
infrastructure for resilience
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08:54
and give it positive social
and environmental side effects.
and environmental side effects.
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并赋予其积极的社会和环境作用。
08:58
So, New York is not alone
in facing this situation.
in facing this situation.
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纽约并非面临该问题的个例。
事实上，到2050年，
09:04
In fact, by 2050,
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09:07
90 percent of the major
cities in the world
cities in the world
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世界上90%的主要城市
都要应对上升的海平面问题。
09:10
are going to be dealing with rising seas.
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在汉堡市，
09:13
In Hamburg,
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09:15
they've created a whole neighborhood
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他们创造了一个完整的社区，
底层的设计就是为了抵御
不可避免的洪水。
不可避免的洪水。
09:16
where the bottom floors are designed
to withstand the inevitable flood.
to withstand the inevitable flood.
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09:20
In Sweden, they've designed a city
where all of the parks are wet gardens,
where all of the parks are wet gardens,
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在瑞典，他们设计了一个城市，
所有的公园都是湿地花园，
所有的公园都是湿地花园，
设计用于处理雨水和废水。
09:27
designed to deal with storm water
and waste water.
and waste water.
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09:31
So we thought, could we perhaps --
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所以我们想，我们也许可以——
其实，今天，
09:34
Actually, today,
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09:36
three million people are already
permanently living on the sea.
permanently living on the sea.
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300万人已经永久生活在海上。
09:41
So we thought, could we actually
imagine a floating city
imagine a floating city
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所以我们想，能构思出
一个漂浮的城市吗，
一个漂浮的城市吗，
将联合国所有的可持续发展目标
09:45
designed to incorporate all
of the Sustainable Development Goals
of the Sustainable Development Goals
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纳入这个全新的
09:49
of the United Nations
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人造生态系统吗？
09:50
into a whole new human-made ecosystem.
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当然，我们得把它设计为
电力自给自足，
电力自给自足，
09:55
And of course, we have to design it
so it can produce its own power,
so it can produce its own power,
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09:59
harvesting the thermal mass of the oceans,
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收集海洋的热量，
潮汐，洋流，波浪的力量，
10:02
the force of the tides,
of the currents, of the waves,
of the currents, of the waves,
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还有风力，
10:05
the power of the wind,
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太阳的热量和能源。
10:07
the heat and the energy of the sun.
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10:10
Also, we are going to collect
all of the rain water that drops
all of the rain water that drops
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此外，我们还要收集这个人造群岛上的
所有雨水，
10:13
on this man-made archipelago
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以有机和机械的方式处理，
10:15
and deal with it organically
and mechanically
and mechanically
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储存和清洁它。
10:18
and store it and clean it.
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10:20
We have to grow all of our food locally,
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我们所有的食物都得当地培育，
原材料只能是鱼类和植物，
10:23
it has to be fish- and plant-based,
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因为你没有足够的空间
和资源来制造乳制品。
和资源来制造乳制品。
10:26
because you won't have the space
or the resources for a dairy diet.
or the resources for a dairy diet.
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10:31
And finally,
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最后，
我们要在本地处理所有的废物，
10:34
we are going to deal
with all the waste locally,
with all the waste locally,
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用降解，回收和变废为能源的方式。
10:37
with compost, recycling,
and turning the waste into energy.
and turning the waste into energy.
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想象一下在传统的城市总体规划中，
10:41
So imagine where a traditional
urban master plan,
urban master plan,
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你通常会画出汽车可以行驶的街道网格
10:45
you typically draw the street grid
where the cars can drive
where the cars can drive
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和可以放些建筑的建筑地块。
10:48
and the building plots
where you can put some buildings.
where you can put some buildings.
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我们跟一些科学家一起设立的
这个总体规划，
这个总体规划，
10:51
This master plan, we sat down
with a handful of scientists
with a handful of scientists
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是从所有可再生的，
10:55
and basically started
with all of the renewable,
with all of the renewable,
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10:57
available natural resources,
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可用的自然资源开始，
然后我们开始通过这种人造的
10:59
and then we started channeling
the flow of resources
the flow of resources
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生态系统或城市新陈代谢
来引导资源的流动。
来引导资源的流动。
11:02
through this kind of human-made ecosystem
or this kind of urban metabolism.
or this kind of urban metabolism.
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11:08
So it's going to be modular,
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所以它是模块化的，
11:11
it's going to be buoyant,
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可漂浮，
11:12
it's going to be designed
to resist a tropical storm.
to resist a tropical storm.
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要被设计来抵御热带风暴。
你可以按比例预制，
11:16
You can prefabricate it at scale,
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11:18
and tow it to dock with others,
to form a small community.
to form a small community.
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然后把它拖到码头上，
形成一个小社区。
形成一个小社区。
我们正在设计这种沿海的附加设施，
11:23
We're designing these
kind of coastal additions,
kind of coastal additions,
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即使它是模块化和合理化的，
11:26
so that even if it's modular and rational,
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每个岛屿都有自己独特的海岸景观。
11:28
each island can be unique
with its own coastal landscape.
with its own coastal landscape.
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11:32
The architecture
has to remain relatively low
has to remain relatively low
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整个建筑结构必须保持
相对较低的高度，
相对较低的高度，
以保持中心浮力。
11:35
to keep the center of gravity buoyant.
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我们将利用所有的农业资源
11:38
We're going to take all of the agriculture
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11:41
and use it to also create social space
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来创造社交空间，
这样你就能真正享受到
永续农业花园。
永续农业花园。
11:43
so you can actually enjoy
the permaculture gardens.
the permaculture gardens.
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这一设计是针对热带地区，
所以所有的屋顶都面积最大化
所以所有的屋顶都面积最大化
11:46
We're designing it for the tropics,
so all of the roofs are maximized
so all of the roofs are maximized
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来收集太阳能并用来遮阴。
11:50
to harvest solar power
and to shade from the sun.
and to shade from the sun.
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11:54
All the materials are going to be
light and renewable,
light and renewable,
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所有的材料都得轻便和可再生，
比如竹子和木头，
11:56
like bamboo and wood,
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这也将创造一个迷人的，
温暖的环境。
温暖的环境。
11:58
which is also going to create
this charming, warm environment.
this charming, warm environment.
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12:02
And any architecture is supposed
to be able to fit on this platform.
to be able to fit on this platform.
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任何架构都应该能适应这个平台。
12:07
Underneath we have all the storage
inside the pontoon,
inside the pontoon,
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在下面，我们在浮筒里存储所有东西，
就像我们已经做过的学生宿舍的
12:11
almost like a mega version
of the student housings
of the student housings
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12:14
that we've already worked with.
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超大版本。
我们有储存产生出来的
所有能源以及水源的
所有能源以及水源的
12:16
We have all the storage
for the energy that's produced,
for the energy that's produced,
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贮备装置。
12:19
all of the water storage and remediation.
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12:22
We are sort of dealing
with all of the waste and the composting.
with all of the waste and the composting.
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我们要处理所有的垃圾和堆肥。
12:27
And we also have some backup farming
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我们也有一些用雾培和水培的
备份农业。
12:29
with aeroponics and hydroponics.
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可以想象到一下这片土地的垂直结构，
12:33
So imagine almost like a vertical section
through this landscape
through this landscape
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最上面的空中有垂直农场；
12:37
that goes from the air above,
where we have vertical farms;
where we have vertical farms;
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下面则有雾培和水培生态系统。
12:41
below, we have the aeroponics
and the aquaponics.
and the aquaponics.
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12:45
Even further below,
we have the ocean farms
we have the ocean farms
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再往下，我们有海洋农场，
在那里我们把小岛与陆地紧绑，
12:48
and where we tie the island to the ground,
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我们正在利用生物砖创造
新的珊瑚礁，使栖息地再生。
新的珊瑚礁，使栖息地再生。
12:50
we're using biorock to create new reefs
to regenerate habitat.
to regenerate habitat.
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12:56
So think of this
small island for 300 people.
small island for 300 people.
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试想一下这是300个人的小岛屿。
可以群聚形成一组街区，
12:59
It can then group together
to form a cluster or a neighborhood
to form a cluster or a neighborhood
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13:03
that then can sort of group together
to form an entire city for 10,000 people.
to form an entire city for 10,000 people.
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继而形成能容纳1万人的整个城市。
13:08
And you can imagine
if this floating city flourishes,
if this floating city flourishes,
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你可以想象得到，如果这个
漂浮城市繁荣起来，
漂浮城市繁荣起来，
13:11
it can sort of grow
like a culture in a petri dish.
like a culture in a petri dish.
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就会像培养皿中的
菌群一样生长。
菌群一样生长。
13:16
So one of the first places
we are looking at placing this,
we are looking at placing this,
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所以我们最先考虑到
把这个漂浮的城市锚定下来的地方，
13:20
or anchoring this floating city,
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是在珠江三角洲。
13:21
is in the Pearl River delta.
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想象一下这个群岛上漂浮着的
13:23
So imagine this kind of canopy
of photovoltaics
of photovoltaics
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13:26
on this archipelago floating in the sea.
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光伏树冠。
当你向小岛航行时，你会看到海上居民
13:29
As you sail towards the island,
you will see the maritime residents
you will see the maritime residents
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用水上交通工具四处走动。
13:33
moving around on alternative forms
of aquatic transportation.
of aquatic transportation.
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你来到这个社区港口，
13:37
You come into this kind of community port.
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可以在永续农业花园中漫步，
13:40
You can roam around
in the permaculture gardens
in the permaculture gardens
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这是生产景观，也是社交景观。
13:43
that are productive landscapes,
but also social landscapes.
but also social landscapes.
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13:47
The greenhouses also become orangeries
for the cultural life of the city,
for the cultural life of the city,
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温室也成为城市文化生活的建筑功能，
13:52
and below, under the sea,
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在下面，在海水里面，
充满了农耕、科学
13:54
it's teeming with life
of farming and science
of farming and science
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13:58
and social spaces.
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和社会空间的生活景象。
14:00
So in a way, you can imagine
this community port
this community port
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所以某种程度上，你可以
想象这个社区港口
想象这个社区港口
是人们日日夜夜聚集的场所。
14:03
is where people gather,
both by day and by night.
both by day and by night.
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14:07
And even if the first one
is designed for the tropics,
is designed for the tropics,
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即便最初的一个社区
是为热带地区设计的，
是为热带地区设计的，
我们也觉得这个架构
可以适应任何文化，
可以适应任何文化，
14:10
we also imagine that the architecture
can adapt to any culture,
can adapt to any culture,
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14:13
so imagine, like,
a Middle Eastern floating city
a Middle Eastern floating city
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所以想象一下，比如一座中东漂浮城市
或者东南亚漂浮之城，
14:16
or Southeast Asian floating city
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亦或一座斯堪的纳维亚的漂浮城市。
14:19
or maybe a Scandinavian
floating city one day.
floating city one day.
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14:24
So maybe just to conclude.
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我来总结一下。
14:28
The human body is 70 percent water.
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人类身体中70%是水。
14:32
And the surface of our planet
is 70 percent water.
is 70 percent water.
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我们星球表面的70%也是水。
14:36
And it's rising.
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海水正在上升。
14:38
And even if the whole world
woke up tomorrow
woke up tomorrow
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即便人类一觉醒来，
地球一夜之间变成了碳中性，
14:40
and became carbon-neutral over night,
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仍然有很多的岛国注定要沉入海底，
14:43
there are still island nations
that are destined to sink in the seas,
that are destined to sink in the seas,
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除非我们也能开发出另一种
形式的浮动人类栖息地。
形式的浮动人类栖息地。
14:47
unless we also develop alternate forms
of floating human habitats.
of floating human habitats.
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14:53
And the only constant
in the universe is change.
in the universe is change.
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宇宙中唯一的永恒是变化。
14:57
Our world is always changing,
and right now, our climate is changing.
and right now, our climate is changing.
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我们的世界一直在变化，
现在，我们的气候也在变化。
现在，我们的气候也在变化。
15:02
No matter how critical
the crisis is, and it is,
the crisis is, and it is,
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不管这个危机是多么重大，
确实极为重大，
确实极为重大，
凝聚了人类的超级力量。
15:05
this is also our collective
human superpower.
human superpower.
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15:10
That we have the power to adapt to change
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我们有能力适应变化，
并且我们拥有能力去为打造未来。
15:13
and we have the power
to give form to our future.
to give form to our future.
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15:18
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bjarke Ingels - ArchitectTheory meets pragmatism meets optimism in Bjarke Ingels' architecture. His big-think approach is informed by a hands-on, ground-up understanding of the needs of a building's occupants and surroundings.
Why you should listen
Bjarke Ingels is principal of BIG, based in Copenhagen. An alumnus of Rem Koolhaas' OMA practice, Ingels takes a similar approach: experimenting with pure space, but never losing sight of the building as a solution to a real-world problem. His manifesto "Yes Is More" takes the form of a giant cartoon strip, 130 meters long, that reminds people to keep thinking big -- to see all our modern problems as challenges that inspire us. (The manifesto is now available in comic-book form.)
His deeply-thought-out and often rather large works -- including several skyscrapers and mixed-use projects in a developing section of Copenhagen, plus a project for a new commercial harbor-island -- work to bring coherence to the urban fabric and to help their occupants and users lead better lives. His most famous works include: the Stavanger Concert House, Tallinn’s city hall and the VM Houses. He recently won a competition to design Copenhagen’s waste-to-energy plant with a design that will place a ski slope on top of the structure.
Bjarke Ingels | Speaker | TED.com