TED2019
Bjarke Ingels: Floating cities, the LEGO House and other architectural forms of the future
比亞克·英厄爾斯: 水上漂浮城市、樂高屋及未來建築形式
Filmed:
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建築師比亞克·英厄爾斯說：「設計形塑未來」。本次演講中，他帶我們探訪他們團隊目前在全球的建築專案：垃圾變能量的發電廠（相當於高山滑雪場兩倍大）、丹麥的《積木之家》、紐約最先進的防洪建築，以及可以適應氣候變遷的永續漂浮城市。
Bjarke Ingels - Architect
Theory meets pragmatism meets optimism in Bjarke Ingels' architecture. His big-think approach is informed by a hands-on, ground-up understanding of the needs of a building's occupants and surroundings. Full bio
Theory meets pragmatism meets optimism in Bjarke Ingels' architecture. His big-think approach is informed by a hands-on, ground-up understanding of the needs of a building's occupants and surroundings. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
My mom has always reminded me
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我媽老是打趣我，
00:15
that I have the same
proportions as a LEGO man.
proportions as a LEGO man.
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說我形似樂高人。
00:18
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
00:20
And she does actually have a point.
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她真的有抓到一個重點。
00:23
LEGO is a company that has succeeded
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樂高這家公司已經成功地
00:25
in making everybody believe
that LEGO is from their home country.
that LEGO is from their home country.
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讓每個人相信樂高
來自他們自己的國家。
來自他們自己的國家。
00:31
But it's not, it's from my home country.
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但不是，樂高來自我的家鄉。
00:33
So you can imagine my excitement
when the LEGO family called me
when the LEGO family called me
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所以各位可以想像，
當樂高公司找我時，我有多開心，
當樂高公司找我時，我有多開心，
00:37
and asked us to work with them
to design the Home of the Brick.
to design the Home of the Brick.
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他們邀請我們一起設計「積木之家」。
00:40
This is the architectural model --
we built it out of LEGO, obviously.
we built it out of LEGO, obviously.
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很顯然地，這是我們用樂高積木
建造的建築模型。
建造的建築模型。
00:44
This is the final result.
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這是最後的成果。
00:46
And what we tried to do was to design
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我們試著去設計一棟
00:48
a building that would be as interactive
and as engaging and as playful
and as engaging and as playful
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可以與之互動並讓你
沉浸在玩樂中的建築物，
沉浸在玩樂中的建築物，
00:52
as LEGO is itself,
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就像你在玩樂高一樣，
00:54
with these kind of interconnected
playgrounds on the roofscape.
playgrounds on the roofscape.
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在屋頂上，有這些互相連結的遊樂場。
00:57
You can enter a square on the ground
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而在地面上，有一個廣場，
00:59
where the citizens of Billund
can roam around freely without a ticket.
can roam around freely without a ticket.
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比隆小鎮的居民可以在這裡
自在地閒逛，而不用買票。
自在地閒逛，而不用買票。
01:04
And it's probably one of the only
museums in the world
museums in the world
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這可能是世界上唯一一個
01:06
where you're allowed
to touch all the artifacts.
to touch all the artifacts.
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允許你觸摸所有手工藝品的博物館。
01:10
But the Danish word for design
is "formgivning," which literally means
is "formgivning," which literally means
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但在丹麥語裡，「設計」這個概念
被表達為「型式賦予」，
被表達為「型式賦予」，
意即「為尚未成型的事物賦予型式」。
01:16
to give form to that
which has not yet been given form.
which has not yet been given form.
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01:21
In other words,
to give form to the future.
to give form to the future.
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換句話說，就是「型塑未來」。
01:24
And what I love about LEGO
is that LEGO is not a toy.
is that LEGO is not a toy.
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我會喜歡樂高的原因
是因為樂高不僅僅是玩具。
是因為樂高不僅僅是玩具。
01:28
It's a tool that empowers the child
to build his or her own world,
to build his or her own world,
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它還是一種工具，賦予
孩子們創造自己的世界的力量，
孩子們創造自己的世界的力量，
01:34
and then to inhabit
that world through play
that world through play
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讓孩子們可以透過玩樂
棲身于自己的世界，
棲身于自己的世界，
01:36
and to invite her friends to join her
in cohabiting and cocreating that world.
in cohabiting and cocreating that world.
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並邀請他們的朋友
一同加入並創造他們的世界。
一同加入並創造他們的世界。
01:41
And that is exactly what formgivning is.
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這正是丹麥語「型式賦予」的含義。
01:44
As human beings, we have the power
to give form to our future.
to give form to our future.
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身為人類，我們有型塑未來的力量。
01:50
Inspired by LEGO,
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受樂高的啟發，
01:51
we've built a social housing
project in Copenhagen,
project in Copenhagen,
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我們已經在哥本哈根
完成一棟社會福利住宅專案，
完成一棟社會福利住宅專案，
01:55
where we stacked blocks
of wood next to each other.
of wood next to each other.
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我們把木製的方格屋
一個一個相鄰堆疊起來。
一個一個相鄰堆疊起來。
01:59
Between them, they leave spaces
with extra ceiling heights and balconies.
with extra ceiling heights and balconies.
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在它們之間，有預留
天花板與陽台的高度。
天花板與陽台的高度。
02:04
And by gently wiggling the blocks,
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只要稍微「扭動」一下方格屋，
02:06
we can actually create curves
or any organic form,
or any organic form,
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我們就可以創造出具有弧線
或任意自然形狀的建築，
或任意自然形狀的建築，
02:09
adapting to any urban context.
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並與周圍環境相適應。
02:12
Because adaptability is probably one
of the strongest drivers of architecture.
of the strongest drivers of architecture.
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因為建築學的最強驅動力之一
就是建築要與周圍環境相適應。
就是建築要與周圍環境相適應。
02:18
Another example is here in Vancouver.
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溫哥華這裡有另一個例子。
02:20
We were asked to look at the site
where Granville bridge triforks
where Granville bridge triforks
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我們受邀調查一塊地皮，
格蘭維爾橋的三岔口
在這裏與市中心連接。
在這裏與市中心連接。
02:24
as it touches downtown.
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02:26
And we started, like,
mapping the different constraints.
mapping the different constraints.
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一開始，我們先把不同的
法規限制標示出來。
法規限制標示出來。
02:29
There's like a 100-foot
setback from the bridge
setback from the bridge
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例如，建築退縮線
從橋身起算，要距離 100 英尺，
從橋身起算，要距離 100 英尺，
02:31
because the city want to make sure
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因為市政府要保證
02:33
that no one looks
into the traffic on the bridge.
into the traffic on the bridge.
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在橋上的視野會比較開闊。
02:37
There's a park where
we can't cast any shadows.
we can't cast any shadows.
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還有建築物的影子
不能遮到旁邊的公園。
不能遮到旁邊的公園。
02:40
So finally, we're left with a tiny
triangular footprint,
triangular footprint,
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所以最後，我們的建築面積
只剩下一個小三角形，
只剩下一個小三角形，
02:43
almost too small to build.
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幾乎小到沒辦法蓋。
02:45
But then we thought, like,
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但是，後來我們在想，
02:47
what if the 100-foot minimum distance
is really about minimum distance --
is really about minimum distance --
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如果最短的距離是 100 英尺，
真的只是一個最短距離，
真的只是一個最短距離，
02:51
once we get 100 feet up in the air,
we can grow the building back out.
we can grow the building back out.
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那麼在空中的高度超過 100 英尺後
就可以對建築物進行「擴建」。
就可以對建築物進行「擴建」。
02:55
And so we did.
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所以我們就這樣設計。
02:57
When you drive over the bridge,
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當你從橋上經過，
02:58
it's as if someone is pulling
a curtain aback,
a curtain aback,
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像是有人拉開窗簾般，向你招手說：
03:01
welcoming you to Vancouver.
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「歡迎你來到溫哥華」。
03:03
Or a like a weed growing
through the cracks in the pavement
through the cracks in the pavement
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或者也可說它就像是人行道上
縫隙裡的一株草，
縫隙裡的一株草，
03:06
and blossoming as it gets light and air.
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受陽光與空氣的滋養，
向天際茁壯成長。
向天際茁壯成長。
03:09
Underneath the bridge,
we've worked with Rodney Graham
we've worked with Rodney Graham
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在橋下，我們與羅尼 · 葛拉漢
03:12
and a handful of Vancouver artists,
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以及一群溫哥華藝術家合作，
03:15
to create what we called
the Sistine Chapel of street art,
the Sistine Chapel of street art,
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創造了名叫
《 西斯汀小教堂》的街頭藝術，
《 西斯汀小教堂》的街頭藝術，
03:19
an art gallery turned upside down,
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這條藝術走廊在頭頂之上，
03:21
that tries to turn the negative
impact of the bridge into a positive.
impact of the bridge into a positive.
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將橋的負面影響轉變成正面影響。
03:25
So even if it looks like
this kind of surreal architecture,
this kind of surreal architecture,
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所以即使它看起來是個
超現實主義建築物，
超現實主義建築物，
03:28
it's highly adapted to its surroundings.
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它也是與周遭環境高度融合的。
03:32
So if a bridge can become a museum,
a museum can also serve as a bridge.
a museum can also serve as a bridge.
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所以如果橋可以變成博物館，
那麼博物館也可以變成橋。
那麼博物館也可以變成橋。
03:37
In Norway, we are building a museum
that spans across a river
that spans across a river
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在挪威，我們搭建了一座
跨越河流的博物館，
跨越河流的博物館，
03:41
and allows people to sort of journey
through the exhibitions
through the exhibitions
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讓人們從雕塑公園的
這一端走到另一端時，
這一端走到另一端時，
03:45
as they cross from one side
of a sculpture park to the other.
of a sculpture park to the other.
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透過欣賞展覽品經歷一段旅程。
03:48
An architecture sort of
adapted to its landscape.
adapted to its landscape.
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這就是一種能與當地景致
交互相映的建築。
交互相映的建築。
03:53
In China, we built a headquarters
for an energy company
for an energy company
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我們在中國為一家能源公司
建造一棟總部，
建造一棟總部，
03:57
and we designed the facade
like an Issey Miyake fabric.
like an Issey Miyake fabric.
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我們的外觀設計走的是
三宅一生的風格。
三宅一生的風格。
04:00
It's rippled, so that facing
the predominant direction of the sun,
the predominant direction of the sun,
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漣漪狀的建築外觀，
主建築物直面太陽的部分
全都是不透明的建材；
全都是不透明的建材；
04:04
it's all opaque;
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04:05
facing away from the sun, it's all glass.
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沒有面對太陽的部分
則全是玻璃的。
則全是玻璃的。
04:08
On average, it sort of transitions
from solid to clear.
from solid to clear.
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整體而言，有點像是
剛硬轉透明的漸層式風格。
剛硬轉透明的漸層式風格。
04:12
And this very simple idea
without any moving parts
without any moving parts
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而這個簡單的概念
完全沒有任何移動式套件
完全沒有任何移動式套件
04:15
or any sort of technology,
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或任何科技。
04:17
purely because
of the geometry of the facade,
of the geometry of the facade,
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純粹只用外牆的幾何形狀
04:19
reduces the energy consumption
on cooling by 30 percent.
on cooling by 30 percent.
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就可以降低 30% 的能源消耗。
04:24
So you can say what makes
the building look elegant
the building look elegant
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所以你也可以說，是優雅的建築外觀
04:27
is also what makes it perform elegantly.
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造就了優雅的節能表現。
04:29
It's an architecture
that is adapted to its climate.
that is adapted to its climate.
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這是一棟與當地氣候
相呼應的建築物。
相呼應的建築物。
04:33
You can also adapt one culture to another,
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你也可以根據不同的文化做設計，
04:36
like in Manhattan, we took
the Copenhagen courtyard building
the Copenhagen courtyard building
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像是在曼哈頓的哥本哈根花園大樓，
04:40
with a social space
where people can hang out
where people can hang out
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我們在大樓之間設計社交的空間，
讓人們可以在這裡聊天，
讓人們可以在這裡聊天，
04:42
in this kind of oasis
in the middle of a city,
in the middle of a city,
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徜徉在市中心的綠洲中，
04:45
and we combined it with the density
and the verticality
and the verticality
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我們結合了美國摩天大樓的
04:47
of an American skyscraper,
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密集度與天際線的美，
04:49
creating what we've called
a "courtscraper."
a "courtscraper."
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創造了這座名為
《金字塔摩天院落》的大樓。
《金字塔摩天院落》的大樓。
04:52
From New York to Copenhagen.
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從紐約到哥本哈根，
04:55
On the waterfront of Copenhagen,
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我們在哥本哈根的河岸邊，
04:57
we are right now finishing this
waste-to-energy power plant.
waste-to-energy power plant.
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正在幫這座廢物能源發電廠
做最後的裝修。
做最後的裝修。
05:02
It's going to be the cleanest
waste-to-energy power plant in the world,
waste-to-energy power plant in the world,
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它是全世界最乾淨的
廢物能源發電廠，
廢物能源發電廠，
05:05
there are no toxins
coming out of the chimney.
coming out of the chimney.
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煙囪無毒物的排放。
05:07
An amazing marvel of engineering
that is completely invisible.
that is completely invisible.
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是棟不起眼的非凡建築工程。
05:10
So we thought, how can we express this?
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我們在想，我們要如何
突現它的特色？
突現它的特色？
05:14
And in Copenhagen
we have snow, as you can see,
we have snow, as you can see,
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各位都知道，在哥本哈根會下雪，
05:16
but we have absolutely no mountains.
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但我們完全沒有山脈。
05:20
We have to go six hours by bus
to get to Sweden,
to get to Sweden,
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我們要搭六小時的巴士
05:23
to get alpine skiing.
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到瑞典的高山上滑雪。
05:24
So we thought,
let's put an alpine ski slope
let's put an alpine ski slope
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所以我們就在想，
在發電廠屋頂建造一座滑雪道。
05:27
on the roof of the power plant.
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05:29
So this is the first test run
we did a few months ago.
we did a few months ago.
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這是我們幾個月前拍的測試影片。
05:33
And what I like about this
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我很開心的是，
05:34
is that it also show you the sort of
world-changing power of formgivning.
world-changing power of formgivning.
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這也是一種改變世界
空間設計的能力展現。
空間設計的能力展現。
05:40
I have a five-month-old son,
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我有一個五個月大的兒子，
05:42
and he's going to grow up in a world
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他會生長在一個世界裡，
05:44
not knowing that there was ever a time
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完全無法理解我們這一輩的
05:46
when you couldn't ski
on the roof of the power plant.
on the roof of the power plant.
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發電廠屋頂竟沒有滑雪道。
05:49
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
05:51
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
05:55
So imagine for him and his generation,
that's their baseline.
that's their baseline.
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幫他和他們的世代想像一下，
這是他們的底線，
這是他們的底線，
05:59
Imagine how far they can leap,
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想像一下，他們能跳多高，
06:00
what kind of wild ideas
they can put forward for their future.
they can put forward for their future.
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他們的狂野想法，
能創造出什麼樣的未來。
能創造出什麼樣的未來。
06:05
So right in front of it,
we're building our smallest project.
we're building our smallest project.
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眼前這個是我們目前正在
建造的最小專案。
建造的最小專案。
06:09
It's basically nine containers
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基本上由九個貨櫃組成，
06:12
that we have stacked
in a shipyard in Poland,
in a shipyard in Poland,
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我們在波蘭的造船場搭建，
06:15
then we've schlepped it
across the Baltic sea
across the Baltic sea
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然後跨過波羅的海拖過來，
06:17
and docked it in the port of Copenhagen,
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在哥本哈根港，接舶組裝起來，
06:19
where it is now the home of 12 students.
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裡面現在住了 12 位學生。
06:23
Each student has a view to the water,
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每個學生都有自己的水景，
06:25
they can jump out the window
into the clean port of Copenhagen,
into the clean port of Copenhagen,
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他們打開窗戶就可以
跳到乾淨的哥本哈根港裡，
跳到乾淨的哥本哈根港裡，
06:28
and they can get back in.
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然後再游回來。
06:30
All of the heat comes
from the thermal mass of the sea,
from the thermal mass of the sea,
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所有的暖氣來自大海裡的熱能，
06:33
all the power comes from the sun.
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所有的電力來自太陽。
06:35
This is the first 12 units in Copenhagen,
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在哥本哈根第一批有 12 個單位，
06:38
another 60 on their way,
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還有 60 個準備到港，
06:39
another 200 are going to Gothenburg,
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另外還有 200 個會拖到哥德堡，
06:42
and we're speaking with the Paris Olympics
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我們目前還在跟
巴黎奧林匹克協會洽談，
巴黎奧林匹克協會洽談，
06:44
to put a small floating
village on the Seine.
village on the Seine.
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準備在塞纳河
放置一個小型的漂浮村落。
放置一個小型的漂浮村落。
06:47
So very much this kind of, almost like
nomadic, impermanent architecture.
nomadic, impermanent architecture.
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幾乎非常像游牧型、
非永久性的建築種類。
非永久性的建築種類。
06:52
And the waterfronts of our cities
are experiencing a lot of change.
are experiencing a lot of change.
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我們城市的水岸線
正在經歷大型的變革。
正在經歷大型的變革。
06:56
Economic change, industrial change
and climate change.
and climate change.
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包括經濟、產業、氣候的變革。
06:59
This is Manhattan before Hurricane Sandy,
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這是在珊迪颶風前的曼哈頓，
07:03
and this is Manhattan after Sandy.
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這是珊迪颶風後的曼哈頓。
07:06
We got invited by the city of New York
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我們受紐約市之邀，
07:08
to look if we could make the necessary
flood protection for Manhattan
flood protection for Manhattan
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請我們設計出保護曼哈頓
避免洪水災的必要設施，
避免洪水災的必要設施，
07:12
without building a seawall
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但不能蓋海堤，
07:14
that would segregate the life
of the city from the water around it.
of the city from the water around it.
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那會把城市周圍的
海洋生物阻擋在外面。
海洋生物阻擋在外面。
07:17
And we got inspired by the High Line.
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我們從高線公園得到靈感。
07:19
You probably know the High Line --
it's this amazing new park in New York.
it's this amazing new park in New York.
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各位可能認識高線公園，
這座驚奇的新公園坐落在紐約。
這座驚奇的新公園坐落在紐約。
07:23
It's basically decommissioned train tracks
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它基本上是一座廢棄的鐵軌道，
07:26
that now have become one of the most
popular promenades in the city.
popular promenades in the city.
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現在已經變成市中心
最受歡迎的走廊之一。
最受歡迎的走廊之一。
07:30
So we thought,
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所以我們在思考，
07:31
could we design the necessary
flood protection for Manhattan
flood protection for Manhattan
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我們可否幫曼哈頓設計出
必要的防洪設施，
必要的防洪設施，
07:34
so we don't have to wait
until we shut it down before it gets nice?
until we shut it down before it gets nice?
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而且不用等到交通停擺就設計出來？
07:39
So we sat down with the citizens
living along the waterfront of New York,
living along the waterfront of New York,
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我們坐下來與居住在
水岸旁的紐約市民對談，
水岸旁的紐約市民對談，
07:46
and we worked with them to try
to design the necessary flood protection
to design the necessary flood protection
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我們試著一起和他們
設計出必要的防洪設施，
設計出必要的防洪設施，
07:50
in such a way that it only
makes their waterfront
makes their waterfront
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透過這樣的溝通方式，
才能讓設計出來的水岸
才能讓設計出來的水岸
07:53
more accessible and more enjoyable.
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更親民、更舒適。
07:55
Underneath the FDR,
we are putting, like, pavilions
we are putting, like, pavilions
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我們在 FDR 主幹道的橋下，
搭建了類似涼亭的設施，
搭建了類似涼亭的設施，
07:58
with pocket walls that can slide out
and protect from the water.
and protect from the water.
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它的隱藏式滑動牆面可以防洪。
08:01
We are creating little stepped terraces
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我們還創造了小型踏階平台，
08:03
that are going to make
the underside more enjoyable,
the underside more enjoyable,
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這可以讓橋下的區域更舒適，
08:06
but also protect from flooding.
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但同時保有防洪功能。
08:09
Further north in the East River Park,
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往北的河東公園，
08:12
we are creating rolling hills
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我們設計了連綿起伏的小山丘，
08:15
that protect the park
from the noise of the highway,
from the noise of the highway,
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來保護公園免受高速公路噪音的干擾，
08:19
but in turn also become
the necessary flood protection
the necessary flood protection
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而內部蜿蜒的地方
就變成了必要防洪區，
就變成了必要防洪區，
08:23
that can stop the waves during
an incoming storm surge.
an incoming storm surge.
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可以阻擋颶風掀起的巨浪。
08:28
So in a way, this project
that we have called the Dryline,
that we have called the Dryline,
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這樣的設計方式，
我們稱這專案叫《乾線》，
我們稱這專案叫《乾線》，
08:32
it's essentially the High Line --
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本質上是《高線》
08:34
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
08:35
The High Line that's
going to keep Manhattan dry.
going to keep Manhattan dry.
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這樣的高線公園
就可以保持曼哈頓的乾燥。
就可以保持曼哈頓的乾燥。
08:38
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
08:40
It's scheduled to break ground
on the first East River portion
on the first East River portion
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預計今年年末，
會在河東的第一區舉行破土典禮。
08:44
at the end of this year.
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08:45
But it has essentially been codesigned
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但讓曼哈頓下城區的居民
08:47
with the citizens of Lower Manhattan
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一起參與進來設計很有必要，
08:50
to take all of the necessary
infrastructure for resilience
infrastructure for resilience
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如此可以讓所有必要的設施
保持良好狀態，
保持良好狀態，
08:54
and give it positive social
and environmental side effects.
and environmental side effects.
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而且可以為整個社會與環境
帶來正面的邊際效應。
帶來正面的邊際效應。
08:58
So, New York is not alone
in facing this situation.
in facing this situation.
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紐約不是唯一個
要面臨海水位上升的城市。
要面臨海水位上升的城市。
09:04
In fact, by 2050,
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實際上，到 2050 年之前，
09:07
90 percent of the major
cities in the world
cities in the world
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全球有 90% 的主要城市，
09:10
are going to be dealing with rising seas.
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都要處理海平面上升的問題。
09:13
In Hamburg,
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在德國漢堡，
09:15
they've created a whole neighborhood
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他們創建了一個社區，
09:16
where the bottom floors are designed
to withstand the inevitable flood.
to withstand the inevitable flood.
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社區的樓底板有抗洪水設計。
09:20
In Sweden, they've designed a city
where all of the parks are wet gardens,
where all of the parks are wet gardens,
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在瑞士，他們設計了一個
水花園的公園城市，
水花園的公園城市，
09:27
designed to deal with storm water
and waste water.
and waste water.
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它的花園有處理暴雨和汙水的設計。
09:31
So we thought, could we perhaps --
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所以我們在想，我們有沒有可能......
09:34
Actually, today,
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實際上，現今，
09:36
three million people are already
permanently living on the sea.
permanently living on the sea.
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已經有 300 萬人口長期住在海上。
09:41
So we thought, could we actually
imagine a floating city
imagine a floating city
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所以我們思考可否設計出漂浮城市，
09:45
designed to incorporate all
of the Sustainable Development Goals
of the Sustainable Development Goals
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設計出符合
聯合國所有永續發展目標的城市，
09:49
of the United Nations
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09:50
into a whole new human-made ecosystem.
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一個全新的人造生態系統。
09:55
And of course, we have to design it
so it can produce its own power,
so it can produce its own power,
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當然，我們必須設計出
能自產電力的城市，
能自產電力的城市，
09:59
harvesting the thermal mass of the oceans,
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它能收集海洋的熱能、
10:02
the force of the tides,
of the currents, of the waves,
of the currents, of the waves,
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潮汐、水流、海浪的能量，
10:05
the power of the wind,
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風能、
10:07
the heat and the energy of the sun.
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太陽的熱能與電能。
10:10
Also, we are going to collect
all of the rain water that drops
all of the rain water that drops
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還有，我們要收集所有
降到這個人造群島的雨水，
10:13
on this man-made archipelago
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2115
10:15
and deal with it organically
and mechanically
and mechanically
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並有機地、機械化地處理
10:18
and store it and clean it.
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存水、淨水方面的工作。
10:20
We have to grow all of our food locally,
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我們要在當地種植所有的食物，
10:23
it has to be fish- and plant-based,
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必須以魚和植物的概念為基礎，
10:26
because you won't have the space
or the resources for a dairy diet.
or the resources for a dairy diet.
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因為空間不足，否則
每日的飲食來源會不足。
每日的飲食來源會不足。
10:31
And finally,
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最後，
10:34
we are going to deal
with all the waste locally,
with all the waste locally,
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我們要在當地處理掉垃圾，
10:37
with compost, recycling,
and turning the waste into energy.
and turning the waste into energy.
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要堆肥、回收還有把垃圾變能量。
10:41
So imagine where a traditional
urban master plan,
urban master plan,
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想像有一張傳統的都市計畫圖，
10:45
you typically draw the street grid
where the cars can drive
where the cars can drive
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基本上就在上面畫
可以開車的街道圖，
可以開車的街道圖，
10:48
and the building plots
where you can put some buildings.
where you can put some buildings.
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建地上放些大樓。
10:51
This master plan, we sat down
with a handful of scientists
with a handful of scientists
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這張規劃圖，我們坐下來
與一群科學家規劃，
與一群科學家規劃，
10:55
and basically started
with all of the renewable,
with all of the renewable,
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基本上一開始就全部要用再生的、
10:57
available natural resources,
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天然的可用資源，
10:59
and then we started channeling
the flow of resources
the flow of resources
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然後我們開始規劃
資源的流向通道，
資源的流向通道，
11:02
through this kind of human-made ecosystem
or this kind of urban metabolism.
or this kind of urban metabolism.
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5047
來貫穿整個人工生態系統、大都會，
11:08
So it's going to be modular,
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所以它會是模組化的，
11:11
it's going to be buoyant,
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可以漂浮的，
11:12
it's going to be designed
to resist a tropical storm.
to resist a tropical storm.
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3489
設計出來的模組
可以抵擋熱帶風暴。
可以抵擋熱帶風暴。
11:16
You can prefabricate it at scale,
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你可以大量地預先生產，
11:18
and tow it to dock with others,
to form a small community.
to form a small community.
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拖到碼頭，與其它模組併起來，
變成一個小社區。
變成一個小社區。
11:23
We're designing these
kind of coastal additions,
kind of coastal additions,
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我們正在設計這類
海岸小島的副加產品，
海岸小島的副加產品，
11:26
so that even if it's modular and rational,
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2403
所以即使它是模組化的，
11:28
each island can be unique
with its own coastal landscape.
with its own coastal landscape.
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3248
每一個島都有它獨特的海岸風景。
11:32
The architecture
has to remain relatively low
has to remain relatively low
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2849
建築物必須保持在非常低的位置，
11:35
to keep the center of gravity buoyant.
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2898
才能維持中心浮點的穩定。
11:38
We're going to take all of the agriculture
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我們會在島上種農產品，
11:41
and use it to also create social space
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然後利用它創造社交的空間，
11:43
so you can actually enjoy
the permaculture gardens.
the permaculture gardens.
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讓你可以真正地享受
這個永續農業的花園。
這個永續農業的花園。
11:46
We're designing it for the tropics,
so all of the roofs are maximized
so all of the roofs are maximized
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我們的設計要適應熱帶氣候，
讓所有的屋頂極大化地收集太陽能，
讓所有的屋頂極大化地收集太陽能，
11:50
to harvest solar power
and to shade from the sun.
and to shade from the sun.
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3145
同時還保有遮陽功能。
11:54
All the materials are going to be
light and renewable,
light and renewable,
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2564
所有的材質都要是輕穎且再生的，
11:56
like bamboo and wood,
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1603
像是竹子和木頭，
11:58
which is also going to create
this charming, warm environment.
this charming, warm environment.
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3960
這樣才能創造出迷人、溫暖的環境。
12:02
And any architecture is supposed
to be able to fit on this platform.
to be able to fit on this platform.
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任何建築物都要能放到這個平台上。
12:07
Underneath we have all the storage
inside the pontoon,
inside the pontoon,
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島的下面，在平底船內部
有全部的儲藏空間，
有全部的儲藏空間，
12:11
almost like a mega version
of the student housings
of the student housings
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幾乎像是一個
我們之前已經有合作過的
我們之前已經有合作過的
12:14
that we've already worked with.
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1714
超大版本學生宿舍。
12:16
We have all the storage
for the energy that's produced,
for the energy that's produced,
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2842
產出的能量我們都可以儲藏起來，
12:19
all of the water storage and remediation.
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2667
還有全部的儲水槽與修復設施。
12:22
We are sort of dealing
with all of the waste and the composting.
with all of the waste and the composting.
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我們要處理所有的廢物與堆肥。
12:27
And we also have some backup farming
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2365
我們還有一些備案的耕種方法，
12:29
with aeroponics and hydroponics.
234
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3624
有無土栽種技術與水耕法。
12:33
So imagine almost like a vertical section
through this landscape
through this landscape
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3881
想像一下，幾乎就會像
這張景觀垂直剖面圖，
這張景觀垂直剖面圖，
12:37
that goes from the air above,
where we have vertical farms;
where we have vertical farms;
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3698
上空有垂直農場；
12:41
below, we have the aeroponics
and the aquaponics.
and the aquaponics.
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3731
下面有水耕植物與魚菜共生系統。
12:45
Even further below,
we have the ocean farms
we have the ocean farms
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2976
再往深一點，我們有海洋農場，
12:48
and where we tie the island to the ground,
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2643
我們會把島嶼與海底綁起來，
12:50
we're using biorock to create new reefs
to regenerate habitat.
to regenerate habitat.
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4929
運用生態石創造新的珊瑚礁
來重生棲息地。
來重生棲息地。
12:56
So think of this
small island for 300 people.
small island for 300 people.
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3619
想像一下，這個 300 人 的小島。
12:59
It can then group together
to form a cluster or a neighborhood
to form a cluster or a neighborhood
242
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3134
它可以拼起來，
形成一個聚落或鄰里，
形成一個聚落或鄰里，
13:03
that then can sort of group together
to form an entire city for 10,000 people.
to form an entire city for 10,000 people.
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然後把每個聚落連接起來
變成一個萬人城市。
變成一個萬人城市。
13:08
And you can imagine
if this floating city flourishes,
if this floating city flourishes,
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你可以想像如果這個漂浮城市
繁榮起來的樣子，
繁榮起來的樣子，
13:11
it can sort of grow
like a culture in a petri dish.
like a culture in a petri dish.
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會有點像培養皿裡面
微生物的生長狀態。
微生物的生長狀態。
13:16
So one of the first places
we are looking at placing this,
we are looking at placing this,
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所以，我們第一個關注的地方，
或把漂浮城市落腳的地方，
13:20
or anchoring this floating city,
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13:21
is in the Pearl River delta.
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就是珠江三角洲。
13:23
So imagine this kind of canopy
of photovoltaics
of photovoltaics
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想像這天篷般的太陽能板群島，
13:26
on this archipelago floating in the sea.
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漂浮在這片海上。
13:29
As you sail towards the island,
you will see the maritime residents
you will see the maritime residents
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當你航向這些島嶼，
你將可以看到這些海上居民，
你將可以看到這些海上居民，
13:33
moving around on alternative forms
of aquatic transportation.
of aquatic transportation.
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正在利用替代的水上交通工具
在島嶼間穿梭。
在島嶼間穿梭。
13:37
You come into this kind of community port.
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一旦你進入到這樣的社區港。
13:40
You can roam around
in the permaculture gardens
in the permaculture gardens
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你就可以在永續花園裡逛逛，
13:43
that are productive landscapes,
but also social landscapes.
but also social landscapes.
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欣賞豐富的花園景觀，
但同時也是社交的好地方。
但同時也是社交的好地方。
13:47
The greenhouses also become orangeries
for the cultural life of the city,
for the cultural life of the city,
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溫室也變成各類果園
孕育城市生命的地方，
孕育城市生命的地方，
13:52
and below, under the sea,
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下面，海面下，
13:54
it's teeming with life
of farming and science
of farming and science
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充滿了各種養殖與科學的生命，
13:58
and social spaces.
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還有社交空間。
14:00
So in a way, you can imagine
this community port
this community port
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所以有了這樣的設計，
你可以想像，這個社區港
你可以想像，這個社區港
14:03
is where people gather,
both by day and by night.
both by day and by night.
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人們日夜都可以相聚在一起。
14:07
And even if the first one
is designed for the tropics,
is designed for the tropics,
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即使第一個是為熱帶地區設計，
14:10
we also imagine that the architecture
can adapt to any culture,
can adapt to any culture,
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我們也想像過，這類的建築
也可以適應各類的文化，
也可以適應各類的文化，
14:13
so imagine, like,
a Middle Eastern floating city
a Middle Eastern floating city
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想像中東的漂浮城市，
14:16
or Southeast Asian floating city
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或東南亞的漂浮城市，
14:19
or maybe a Scandinavian
floating city one day.
floating city one day.
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或許，有一天，也可以設計成
北歐風的漂浮城市。
北歐風的漂浮城市。
14:24
So maybe just to conclude.
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或許我該總結了。
14:28
The human body is 70 percent water.
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人體有 70% 是水分。
14:32
And the surface of our planet
is 70 percent water.
is 70 percent water.
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我們的地球表面 70% 也是水分。
14:36
And it's rising.
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而且還在上升。
14:38
And even if the whole world
woke up tomorrow
woke up tomorrow
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即使明天全世界都覺醒，
14:40
and became carbon-neutral over night,
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一夕之間地球變成了碳中和，
14:43
there are still island nations
that are destined to sink in the seas,
that are destined to sink in the seas,
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但仍有命中注定
會沉到海裡的島嶼國家存在，
會沉到海裡的島嶼國家存在，
14:47
unless we also develop alternate forms
of floating human habitats.
of floating human habitats.
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除非我們也有開發出替代方案的
漂浮棲息地來給他們居住。
漂浮棲息地來給他們居住。
14:53
And the only constant
in the universe is change.
in the universe is change.
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宇宙唯一不變的就是萬變。
14:57
Our world is always changing,
and right now, our climate is changing.
and right now, our climate is changing.
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我們的世界一直在變，
現在，我們的氣候在變。
現在，我們的氣候在變。
15:02
No matter how critical
the crisis is, and it is,
the crisis is, and it is,
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不論地球狀況多麼危急、嚴峻，
15:05
this is also our collective
human superpower.
human superpower.
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都會是我們人類的共業。
15:10
That we have the power to adapt to change
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我們有能力適應改變，
15:13
and we have the power
to give form to our future.
to give form to our future.
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我們也有能力可以形塑未來。
15:18
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bjarke Ingels - ArchitectTheory meets pragmatism meets optimism in Bjarke Ingels' architecture. His big-think approach is informed by a hands-on, ground-up understanding of the needs of a building's occupants and surroundings.
Why you should listen
Bjarke Ingels is principal of BIG, based in Copenhagen. An alumnus of Rem Koolhaas' OMA practice, Ingels takes a similar approach: experimenting with pure space, but never losing sight of the building as a solution to a real-world problem. His manifesto "Yes Is More" takes the form of a giant cartoon strip, 130 meters long, that reminds people to keep thinking big -- to see all our modern problems as challenges that inspire us. (The manifesto is now available in comic-book form.)
His deeply-thought-out and often rather large works -- including several skyscrapers and mixed-use projects in a developing section of Copenhagen, plus a project for a new commercial harbor-island -- work to bring coherence to the urban fabric and to help their occupants and users lead better lives. His most famous works include: the Stavanger Concert House, Tallinn’s city hall and the VM Houses. He recently won a competition to design Copenhagen’s waste-to-energy plant with a design that will place a ski slope on top of the structure.
Bjarke Ingels | Speaker | TED.com