ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Karen Armstrong - Religious scholar
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world.

Why you should listen

Religious thinker Karen Armstrong has written more than 20 books on faith and the major religions, studying what Islam, Judaism and Christianity have in common, and how our faiths shaped world history and drive current events.

A former nun, Armstrong has written two books about this experience: Through the Narrow Gate, about her seven years in the convent, and The Spiral Staircase, about her subsequent spiritual awakening, when she developed her iconoclastic take on the major monotheistic religions -- and on the strains of fundamentalism common to all. She is a powerful voice for ecumenical understanding.

Armstrong's 2008 TED Prize wish asked the world to help her create the Charter for Compassion, a document based on the Golden Rule: that we should treat others how we would want to be treated. In fall 2008, the first draft of the charter was written by the world, via a multilingual website that allowed all to comment. In February 2009, the words were given to the Council of Conscience, a gathering of religious leaders and thinkers, who crafted the final document based on global input. The Charter was officially launched in November 2009. It has been signed by notable world leaders including Pope Benedict XVI, the Dalai Lama, Desmond Tutu, Deepak Chopra and Muhammad Ali. The Charter has led to the creation of the Charter for Compassion International (CCI) organization, the Compassionate Communities campaign, and Global Compassion Council -- a group of leaders continuing the movement around the the world.

More profile about the speaker
Karen Armstrong | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2009

Karen Armstrong: Let's revive the Golden Rule

卡伦·阿姆斯特朗(Karen Armstong):重拾恕道

Filmed:
917,927 views

当仁爱宪章发起数星期后,卡伦·阿姆斯特朗又将目光转向宗教在二十一世纪所扮演的角色。她提出:“宗教教义是否会使我们产生分歧?抑或将我们团结在一起为了共同的利益?”她回顾了能带动全球信仰重拾恕道的催化剂。
- Religious scholar
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
For years年份 I've been feeling感觉 frustrated受挫,
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多年来,我一直感到沮丧
00:16
because as a religious宗教 historian历史学家,
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因为作为宗教历史学家,
00:19
I've become成为 acutely急性 aware知道的
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我已经意识到
00:21
of the centrality中心地位 of compassion同情
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世界上主要的宗教信仰都宣扬
00:24
in all the major重大的 world世界 faiths信仰.
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仁爱之心。
00:27
Every一切 single one of them
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每个宗教都演变出
00:29
has evolved进化 their own拥有 version
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自己独特的版本,
00:31
of what's been called the Golden金色 Rule规则.
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这些统称为恕道(黄金定律)。
00:34
Sometimes有时 it comes in a positive version --
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有时从正面说,那就是-
00:37
"Always treat对待 all others其他 as you'd like to be treated治疗 yourself你自己."
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“推己及人。”
00:41
And equally一样 important重要
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同样重要的,
00:43
is the negative version --
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从反方面说就是--
00:46
"Don't do to others其他 what you would not like them to do to you."
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“已所不欲,勿施于人。”
00:51
Look into your own拥有 heart,
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审视你的内心。
00:53
discover发现 what it is that gives you pain疼痛
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探寻究竟是什么让你痛苦。
00:56
and then refuse垃圾, under any circumstance环境 whatsoever任何,
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然后在任何情况下,都拒绝
01:00
to inflict造成 that pain疼痛 on anybody任何人 else其他.
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将这种痛苦施加于别人。
01:04
And people have emphasized强调 the importance重要性 of compassion同情,
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人们之所以重视仁爱,
01:09
not just because it sounds声音 good,
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不仅仅是因为它听起来很棒,
01:11
but because it works作品.
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更是因为它行得通。
01:14
People have found发现 that when they have
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人们发现当他们
01:17
implemented实施 the Golden金色 Rule规则
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遵守恕道时
01:19
as Confucius孔子 said, "all day and every一切 day,"
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正如孔子所说的“终生行之,”
01:23
not just a question of doing your good deed契据 for the day
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这已不是只做一天好事
01:25
and then returning回国 to a life of greed贪心
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然后又回到贪婪、
01:28
and egotism利己主义,
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自私的生活的问题了。
01:30
but to do it all day and every一切 day,
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当你每天都坚守恕道的时候,
01:33
you dethrone废王位 yourself你自己 from the center中央 of your world世界,
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你就可以摆脱以自我为中心的世界,
01:37
put another另一个 there, and you transcend超越 yourself你自己.
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超然于物外。
01:40
And it brings带来 you into the presence存在
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从而可以到达
01:43
of what's been called God, Nirvana, Rama拉玛, Tao.
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称之为神、涅盤、喇嘛、道的境界。
01:47
Something that goes beyond
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一些超越
01:49
what we know in our ego-bound自我约束 existence存在.
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我们所知的自我约束的东西。
01:54
But you know you'd never know it a lot of the time,
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但是,你知道大多数时候你对此一无所知,
01:56
that this was so central中央 to the religious宗教 life.
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这就是宗教生活的核心。
01:59
Because with a few少数 wonderful精彩 exceptions例外,
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因为世上的一些特例,
02:02
very often经常 when religious宗教 people come together一起,
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经常的,当宗教人士集聚在一起的时候,
02:05
religious宗教 leaders领导者 come together一起, they're arguing争论 about abstruse doctrines学说
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宗教领袖聚在一起的时候,他们会争辩深奥的理论
02:11
or uttering发声 a council评议会 of hatred
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或者发表充满仇恨的言论
02:15
or inveighinginveighing against反对 homosexuality同性恋 or something of that sort分类.
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又或谴责同性恋等此类问题。
02:20
Often经常 people don't really want to be compassionate富于同情心的.
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通常人们不具有仁爱之心。
02:22
I sometimes有时 see
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有时,
02:24
when I'm speaking请讲 to a congregation集合 of religious宗教 people
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当我跟众多宗教人士交谈时,
02:27
a sort分类 of mutinous哗变 expression表达 crossing路口 their faces面孔
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我注意到他们的脸上经常会闪现一丝轻蔑之色,
02:30
because people often经常 want to be right instead代替.
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因为人们往往都自持正确。
02:34
And that of course课程 defeats连败 the object目的 of the exercise行使.
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这当然违背了修行的目的。
02:38
Now why was I so grateful感激 to TEDTED?
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我为什么对TED那么感激呢?
02:42
Because they took me very gently平缓
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因为TED温柔地将我
02:48
from my book-lined书成荫 study研究
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从满是书本的书房
02:51
and brought me into the 21stST century世纪,
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带到了二十一世纪,
02:53
enabling启用 me to speak说话 to a much, much wider更宽的 audience听众
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让我能够可以向更多,更广的观众演说
02:57
than I could have ever conceived设想.
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这比我能设想到的多得多。
02:59
Because I feel an urgency about this.
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因为我对此感到迫切。
03:02
If we don't manage管理 to implement实行
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假若我们不设法
03:05
the Golden金色 Rule规则 globally全球,
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在全球实施恕道,
03:09
so that we treat对待 all peoples人们, wherever哪里 and whoever they may可能 be,
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这样我们就能对待所有的人,无论他们在哪里,他们是谁,
03:13
as though虽然 they were as important重要 as ourselves我们自己,
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都如同对待我们自己一样重要,
03:16
I doubt怀疑 that we'll have
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我怀疑我们
03:18
a viable可行 world世界 to hand on to the next下一个 generation.
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能否将这个世界传承给下一代。
03:21
The task任务 of our time,
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我们当前的任务,
03:23
one of the great tasks任务 of our time,
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最为艰巨的任务之一,
03:26
is to build建立 a global全球 society社会, as I said,
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就是建立一个全球性的社会,就像我所说的,
03:28
where people can live生活 together一起 in peace和平.
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在这个社会里,人们可以和谐相处。
03:31
And the religions宗教 that should be making制造 a major重大的 contribution贡献
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而宗教,本应做出主要贡献的,
03:35
are instead代替 seen看到 as part部分 of the problem问题.
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却被视为问题的一部分。
03:39
And of course课程 it's not just religious宗教 people who believe in the Golden金色 Rule规则.
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当然,不只是宗教人士才相信恕道。
03:45
This is the source资源 of all morality道德,
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道德观念皆源于此。
03:48
this imaginative想像的 act法案 of empathy同情,
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这种富有想象力的共鸣,
03:51
putting yourself你自己 in the place地点 of another另一个.
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将可使你与他人进行角色互换。
03:54
And so we have a choice选择, it seems似乎 to me.
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在我看来,我们现在有了个选择。
03:58
We can either go on bringing使 out or emphasizing强调
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我们既可以奉行,或强调
04:03
the dogmatic武断的 and intolerant不可忍耐 aspects方面 of our faith信仰,
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我们信仰中教条和偏执的方面,
04:07
or we can go back to
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抑或可以回到
04:11
the rabbis拉比. Rabbi拉比 Hillel希勒尔, the older旧的 contemporary现代的 of Jesus耶稣,
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拉比的时代,拉比希勒尔,出生在比耶酥还早的时代,
04:16
who, when asked by a pagan异教徒
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当他被一位异教徒要求
04:19
to sum up the whole整个 of Jewish犹太 teaching教学 while he stood站在 on one leg,
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单脚站立着归纳整个犹太教义的时候,
04:24
said, "That which哪一个 is hateful可恶 to you, do not do to your neighbor邻居.
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他说:“勿对旁人做出连自己都憎恶之事。
04:28
That is the Torah托拉 and everything else其他 is only commentary评论."
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这就是托拉(律法)的全部,余下的都是注释。”
04:33
And the rabbis拉比 and the early fathers父亲 of the church教会 who said that
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拉比和早期的神父们皆言
04:37
any interpretation解释 of scripture圣经
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任何一种将经文
04:40
that bred孕育 hatred and disdain蔑视 was illegitimate非法的.
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解释为产生仇恨和轻蔑的释义都是非正统的。
04:44
And we need to revive复活 that spirit精神.
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我们需要找回那种精神。
04:47
And it's not just going to happen发生
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它不会因我们有了仁爱之心
04:49
because a spirit精神 of love wafts充溢 us down.
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而就此出现。
04:52
We have to make this happen发生,
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我们得让它出现,
04:54
and we can do it
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我们能做到的
04:56
with the modern现代 communications通讯
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通过TED引用的
04:58
that TEDTED has introduced介绍.
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现代交流技术。
05:00
Already已经 I've been tremendously异常 heartened欢欣鼓舞
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我已经从我的伙伴那收到各种各样的回应,
05:03
at the response响应 of all our partners伙伴.
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这让我很振奋。
05:06
In Singapore新加坡, we have a group
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在新加坡,有一个小组
05:10
going to use the Charter宪章 to heal愈合 divisions
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正要采用仁爱宪章来消除
05:14
recently最近 that have sprung弹性 up in Singaporean新加坡 society社会,
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新加坡社会新近出现的分歧,
05:18
and some members会员 of the parliament议会 want
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一部分新加坡议会成员则想
05:21
to implement实行 it politically政治上.
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从政治上实施仁爱。
05:24
In Malaysia马来西亚, there is going to be an art艺术 exhibition展览
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马来西亚将会举办一场艺术展览,
05:28
in which哪一个 leading领导 artists艺术家 are going to be
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届时,顶尖的画家们将会带领
05:31
taking服用 people, young年轻 people,
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人们,年青的一代,
05:35
and showing展示 them that compassion同情 also lies
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展示给他们仁爱也根植
05:37
at the root of all art艺术.
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于所有的艺术中。
05:40
Throughout始终 Europe欧洲, the Muslim穆斯林 communities社区
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整个欧洲和穆斯林组织
05:44
are holding保持 events事件 and discussions讨论,
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都在举办各种各样的聚会和集会,
05:47
are discussing讨论 the centrality中心地位 of compassion同情
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讨论伊斯兰教和其他信仰中的
05:50
in Islam伊斯兰教 and in all faiths信仰.
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仁爱之心。
05:52
But it can't stop there. It can't stop with the launch发射.
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但我们不能仅止步于此。不能就这样浅尝辙止。
05:55
Religious宗教 teaching教学, this is where we've我们已经 gone走了 so wrong错误,
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宗教教育才是我们犯错的地方。
05:58
concentrating集中 solely独自 on believing相信 abstruse doctrines学说.
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它只关注那些晦涩的教条学说。
06:02
Religious宗教 teaching教学 must必须 always lead to action行动.
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宗教教育总是一定要指向实际的行动。
06:07
And I intend打算 to work on this till直到 my dying垂死 day.
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我愿意至死不渝地为此而努力。
06:11
And I want to continue继续 with our partners伙伴
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我还想和我的伙伴再
06:16
to do two things --
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做两样事情--
06:18
educate教育 and stimulate刺激 compassionate富于同情心的 thinking思维.
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培养和激发富有仁爱性的思考。
06:25
Education教育 because we've我们已经 so
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要教育。因为我们如此地
06:28
dropped下降 out of compassion同情.
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远离了仁爱。
06:30
People often经常 think it simply只是 means手段
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人们往往只是简单地认为它就是
06:32
feeling感觉 sorry for somebody.
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同情别人。
06:34
But of course课程 you don't understand理解 compassion同情
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当然你不能领会仁爱的含义,
06:37
if you're just going to think about it.
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如果你仅仅是想想罢了。
06:39
You also have to do it.
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你必须要身体力行。
06:41
I want them to get the media媒体 involved参与
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我想让媒体也参与进来,
06:44
because the media媒体 are crucial关键
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因为媒体具有关键的作用
06:46
in helping帮助 to dissolve溶解 some of the stereotypical定型 views意见
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在消除我们看待其他人时所持有的
06:49
we have of other people,
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一些陈旧的观点,
06:51
which哪一个 are dividing us from one another另一个.
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正是这些观点让我们彼此分开。
06:53
The same相同 applies适用 to educators教育工作者.
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这对于教育者也具有同样的作用。
06:56
I'd like youth青年 to get a sense of
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我想让年轻人们知道
07:00
the dynamism力度, the dynamic动态 and challenge挑战
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富有仁爱的生活方式是
07:04
of a compassionate富于同情心的 lifestyle生活方式.
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充满活力和挑战的。
07:06
And also see that it demands需要 acute急性 intelligence情报,
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同时也让他们看到这也需要敏锐的智慧,
07:09
not just a gooey感伤的 feeling感觉.
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而不仅仅是一种感伤的情怀。
07:12
I'd like to call upon scholars学者 to explore探索
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我想呼吁学者们
07:15
the compassionate富于同情心的 theme主题
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以他们自己和其他人的传统观点来
07:17
in their own拥有 and in other people's人们 traditions传统.
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探讨仁爱这一主题。
07:21
And perhaps也许 above以上 all,
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也许最重要的是,
07:23
to encourage鼓励 a sensitivity灵敏度 about
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去鼓励(人们)对
07:27
uncompassionate暴烈 speaking请讲,
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肆言詈辱的敏感性。
07:29
so that because people have this Charter宪章,
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这样一来,因为人们有了这个章法,
07:32
whatever随你 their beliefs信仰 or lack缺乏 of them,
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无论他们信奉什么,或者他们没有信仰,
07:36
they feel empowered授权
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他们都会觉的如有神助
07:38
to challenge挑战 uncompassionate暴烈 speech言语,
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可以挑战这种无情的言论,
07:42
disdainful蔑视 remarks备注
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蔑视这些来自宗教领袖、
07:44
from their religious宗教 leaders领导者, their political政治 leaders领导者,
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政治领袖和业界领袖的
07:47
from the captains船长 of industry行业.
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肆言。
07:49
Because we can change更改 the world世界,
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因为我们能够改变这个世界,
07:51
we have the ability能力.
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我们有这个能力。
07:54
I would never have thought of putting the Charter宪章 online线上.
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我从未设想过将宪章上传至网络。
07:57
I was still stuck卡住 in the old world世界
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我仍旧困于旧世界中,
07:59
of a whole整个 bunch of boffins挤入 sitting坐在 together一起 in a room房间
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与一大堆研究人员集聚一室
08:02
and issuing发行 yet然而 another另一个 arcane神秘 statement声明.
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发表另一种鲜为人知的言论。
08:05
And TEDTED introduced介绍 me to a whole整个 new way
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不过TED介绍给我一种全新的,
08:08
of thinking思维 and presenting呈现 ideas思路.
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让我思考和表达我的想法的方式。
08:10
Because that is what is so wonderful精彩 about TEDTED.
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因为那就是TED的奇妙之处。
08:13
In this room房间, all this expertise专门知识,
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这个房间内,各行各业的专家们
08:18
if we joined加盟 it all together一起,
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如果我们能够凝聚在一起,
08:20
we could change更改 the world世界.
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我们就可以改变这个世界。
08:22
And of course课程 the problems问题 sometimes有时 seem似乎 insuperable不可逾越.
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当然,有些时候问题看起来是不可逾越的。
08:27
But I'd just like to quote引用, finish at the end结束
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但我想引用一句话以作为结束
08:30
with a reference参考 to a British英国的 author作者, an Oxford牛津 author作者
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一位英国作家的话,一位来自牛津的作家,
08:34
whom I don't quote引用 very often经常,
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我不常引用他的话,
08:36
C.S. Lewis刘易斯.
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他就是C·S·刘易斯。
08:38
But he wrote one thing that stuck卡住 in my mind心神
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但他有一句话却深深地印在我的脑海中,
08:40
ever since以来 I read it when I was a schoolgirl女学生.
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当我还是一名小女孩时我所读到的一句话。
08:43
It's in his book "The Four Loves."
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这句话来自他的著作《四种爱》。
08:46
He said that he distinguished杰出的 between之间 erotic好色之徒 love,
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他说,他区分了爱欲。
08:50
when two people gaze凝视, spellbound败兴而归, into each other's其他 eyes眼睛.
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当两个人相互对视,着迷地看着对方的眼睛。
08:56
And then he compared相比 that to friendship友谊,
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然后他将此与友情进行对比。
08:59
when two people stand side by side, as it were, shoulder to shoulder,
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当两人肩并肩地站在一起时,
09:03
with their eyes眼睛 fixed固定 on a common共同 goal目标.
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且双方都朝着一个目标努力时,
09:07
We don't have to fall秋季 in love with each other,
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我们不需要爱上对方,
09:12
but we can become成为 friends朋友.
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但可以成为好朋友。
09:15
And I am convinced相信.
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我深信不疑。
09:17
I felt it very strongly非常
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我强烈地认为
09:20
during our little deliberations审议 at Vevey沃韦,
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在韦沃的小型审议中,
09:24
that when people of all different不同 persuasions派别
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当怀有不同信仰的人们
09:28
come together一起, working加工 side by side
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来到一起,工作在一起
09:32
for a common共同 goal目标,
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为了一个共同的目标,
09:34
differences分歧 melt熔化 away.
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差异就消融了。
09:36
And we learn学习 amity和睦.
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我们学会了和睦相处。
09:38
And we learn学习 to live生活 together一起 and to get to know one another另一个.
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我们学会了同他人一起生活并了解对方。
09:43
Thank you very much.
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非常谢谢。
09:45
(Applause掌声)
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(鼓掌)
Translated by Chaoran Yu
Reviewed by Xu (Jessica) Jiang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Karen Armstrong - Religious scholar
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world.

Why you should listen

Religious thinker Karen Armstrong has written more than 20 books on faith and the major religions, studying what Islam, Judaism and Christianity have in common, and how our faiths shaped world history and drive current events.

A former nun, Armstrong has written two books about this experience: Through the Narrow Gate, about her seven years in the convent, and The Spiral Staircase, about her subsequent spiritual awakening, when she developed her iconoclastic take on the major monotheistic religions -- and on the strains of fundamentalism common to all. She is a powerful voice for ecumenical understanding.

Armstrong's 2008 TED Prize wish asked the world to help her create the Charter for Compassion, a document based on the Golden Rule: that we should treat others how we would want to be treated. In fall 2008, the first draft of the charter was written by the world, via a multilingual website that allowed all to comment. In February 2009, the words were given to the Council of Conscience, a gathering of religious leaders and thinkers, who crafted the final document based on global input. The Charter was officially launched in November 2009. It has been signed by notable world leaders including Pope Benedict XVI, the Dalai Lama, Desmond Tutu, Deepak Chopra and Muhammad Ali. The Charter has led to the creation of the Charter for Compassion International (CCI) organization, the Compassionate Communities campaign, and Global Compassion Council -- a group of leaders continuing the movement around the the world.

More profile about the speaker
Karen Armstrong | Speaker | TED.com