ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sherry Turkle - Cultural analyst
Sherry Turkle studies how technology is shaping our modern relationships: with others, with ourselves, with it.

Why you should listen

Since her path breaking The Second Self: Computers and The Human Spirit in 1984 psychologist and sociologist Sherry Turkle has been studying how technology changes not only what we do but also whom we are. In 1995's Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet, Turkle explored how the Internet provided new possibilities for exploring identity. In her book, Alone Together: Why We Expect More From Technology and Less From Each Other, Turkle argues that the social media we encounter on a daily basis confront us with moments of temptation. Drawn by the illusion of companionship without the demands of intimacy, we confuse postings and online sharing with authentic communication. In her most recent bestselling book, Reclaiming Conversation: The Power of Talk in a Digital Age, Turkle argues that now, with a deeper understanding of our vulnerability to technology, we must reclaim conversation, the most human—and humanizing—thing that we do. The virtues of person-to-person conversation are timeless; to the disconnections of our modern age, it is the talking cure.

Described as "the Margaret Mead of digital cuture," Turkle's work focuses on the world of social media, the digital workplace, and the rise of chatbots and sociable robots. As she puts it, these are technologies that propose themselves "as the architect of our intimacies." We are drawn to sacrifice conversation for mere connection. Turkle suggests that just because we grew up with the Internet, we tend to see it as all grown up, but it is not: Digital technology is still in its infancy, and there is ample time for us to reshape how we build it and use it.

Turkle is a professor in the Program in Science, Technology and Society at MIT and the founder and director of the MIT Initiative on Technology and Self.

More profile about the speaker
Sherry Turkle | Speaker | TED.com
TED2012

Sherry Turkle: Connected, but alone?

雪莉·透克(Sherry Turkle) :有連綫,卻孤單?

Filmed:
5,719,071 views

當我們對科技的期望越高,是否對彼此的期望就越低?Sherry Turkle 研究我們的行動裝置和綫上角色如何重新定義人類的連結和溝通,並要求我們去深刻思考我們想要什麽樣的新連結。
- Cultural analyst
Sherry Turkle studies how technology is shaping our modern relationships: with others, with ourselves, with it. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
Just a moment時刻 ago,
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幾分鐘前
00:17
my daughter女兒 Rebecca麗貝卡 texted發短信 me for good luck運氣.
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我的女兒蕾貝卡送了個簡訊來祝我一切順利
00:21
Her text文本 said,
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她的簡訊說
00:23
"Mom媽媽, you will rock."
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“媽,你會紅”
00:26
I love this.
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我很喜歡
00:28
Getting入門 that text文本
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收到這個簡訊
00:30
was like getting得到 a hug擁抱.
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像得到一個擁抱一樣
00:32
And so there you have it.
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這就是我們今天要說的主題
00:35
I embody體現
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我就代表了
00:37
the central中央 paradox悖論.
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這個矛盾中心
00:39
I'm a woman女人
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我是個
00:41
who loves getting得到 texts文本
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喜歡收到簡訊的女人
00:43
who's誰是 going to tell you
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但我同時還要來告訴你們
00:45
that too many許多 of them can be a problem問題.
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太多簡訊會出問題
00:48
Actually其實 that reminder提醒 of my daughter女兒
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事實上我女兒的這個簡訊
00:51
brings帶來 me to the beginning開始 of my story故事.
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讓我回想起這個故事的起點
00:54
1996, when I gave my first TEDTalkTED演講,
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1996年,我第一次來TED作演講
00:58
Rebecca麗貝卡 was five years年份 old
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蕾貝卡只有5歲
01:00
and she was sitting坐在 right there
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她就坐在這裡
01:02
in the front面前 row.
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在第一排上
01:04
I had just written書面 a book
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那時我剛寫完了一本書
01:06
that celebrated著名 our life on the internet互聯網
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來紀念我們的網路生活
01:08
and I was about to be on the cover
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爲此Wired(專門報導未來趨勢)雜誌
01:11
of Wired有線 magazine雜誌.
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還邀請了我去上他們的封面
01:13
In those heady風頭正勁 days,
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在那段讓人振奮的日子裏
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we were experimenting試驗
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我們正在試驗
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with chat rooms客房 and online線上 virtual虛擬 communities社區.
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網路上的聊天室和虛擬社區
01:20
We were exploring探索 different不同 aspects方面 of ourselves我們自己.
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我們在探索自己不同的相貌
01:24
And then we unplugged不插電.
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然後我們拔下插頭下綫
01:26
I was excited興奮.
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這讓我覺得很興奮
01:28
And, as a psychologist心理學家, what excited興奮 me most
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身為心理學家,讓我最感興趣的
01:31
was the idea理念
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是這樣一個想法
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that we would use what we learned學到了 in the virtual虛擬 world世界
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就是我們會基於我們在虛擬世界裏
01:36
about ourselves我們自己, about our identity身分,
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對自己的認識和認同
01:39
to live生活 better lives生活 in the real真實 world世界.
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而在真實世界裏活得更好
01:42
Now fast-forward快進 to 2012.
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現在快轉到2012年
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I'm back here on the TEDTED stage階段 again.
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我又回來TED演講
01:48
My daughter's女兒的 20. She's a college學院 student學生.
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我的女兒已經20歲了
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She sleeps睡覺 with her cellphone手機,
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她是大學生,她抱著手機入睡
01:55
so do I.
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我也是
01:57
And I've just written書面 a new book,
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我最近又完成了一本書
02:00
but this time it's not one
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但這一次這本書
02:03
that will get me on the cover
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沒有讓我再登上
02:05
of Wired有線 magazine雜誌.
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Wired雜誌的封面
02:07
So what happened發生?
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爲什麽會這樣?
02:10
I'm still excited興奮 by technology技術,
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科技仍然讓我感到着迷
02:13
but I believe,
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但我相信
02:15
and I'm here to make the case案件,
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在此我也要舉證讓大家看
02:17
that we're letting出租 it take us places地方
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我們讓科技把我們帶到
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that we don't want to go.
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我們不想去的地方
02:21
Over the past過去 15 years年份,
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過去的15年來
02:23
I've studied研究 technologies技術 of mobile移動 communication通訊
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我研究了行動通訊科技
02:26
and I've interviewed採訪 hundreds數以百計 and hundreds數以百計 of people,
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我訪問了上百個人
02:29
young年輕 and old,
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有老的和年輕的
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about their plugged in lives生活.
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我跟他們問了他們的網上生活
02:33
And what I've found發現
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我的發現是
02:35
is that our little devices設備,
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我們這些小小的
02:37
those little devices設備 in our pockets口袋,
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放在口袋裏的行動裝置
02:40
are so psychologically心理 powerful強大
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對我們心理有如此大的影響力
02:42
that they don't only change更改 what we do,
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不止改變了我們的所作所爲
02:46
they change更改 who we are.
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甚至改變了我們個人
02:49
Some of the things we do now with our devices設備
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有些我們現在用行動裝置做的事
02:51
are things that, only a few少數 years年份 ago,
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在不久之前看來
02:54
we would have found發現 odd
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我們還會覺得那很奇怪
02:56
or disturbing煩擾的,
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或是讓人不安
02:58
but they've他們已經 quickly很快 come to seem似乎 familiar,
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但在很短的時間裏大家就習慣了
03:01
just how we do things.
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這些做事的方法
03:03
So just to take some quick examples例子:
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讓我們看幾個例子
03:06
People text文本 or do email電子郵件
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人們在公司開會時
03:08
during corporate企業 board meetings會議.
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傳簡訊或發送電子郵件
03:11
They text文本 and shop and go on FacebookFacebook的
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大家傳簡訊、上網購物及上臉書
03:14
during classes, during presentations簡報,
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不論在上課時,還是在聼演講時
03:17
actually其實 during all meetings會議.
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事實上在所有的集會上都這樣
03:19
People talk to me about the important重要 new skill技能
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還有人告訴我一個重要的新技巧
03:22
of making製造 eye contact聯繫
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就是打簡訊時
03:24
while you're texting發短信.
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別忘了還要跟講者有眼神的接觸
03:26
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
03:28
People explain說明 to me
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他們跟我說
03:30
that it's hard, but that it can be doneDONE.
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雖然這不容易,但還是做得到
03:33
Parents父母 text文本 and do email電子郵件
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爸媽也在送簡訊和打email
03:35
at breakfast早餐 and at dinner晚餐
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而他們的兒女在吃早餐和晚餐時
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while their children孩子 complain抱怨
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則抱怨說
03:40
about not having their parents'父母' full充分 attention注意.
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得不到父母的關注
03:42
But then these same相同 children孩子
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在抱怨的這些子女也同樣地
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deny拒絕 each other their full充分 attention注意.
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也沒能給對方關注
03:47
This is a recent最近 shot射擊
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這是一張最近的照片
03:49
of my daughter女兒 and her friends朋友
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是我的女兒和她的朋友們
03:52
being存在 together一起
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他們在一起
03:54
while not being存在 together一起.
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卻又不在一起
03:57
And we even text文本 at funerals葬禮.
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還有人在告別式上打簡訊
03:59
I study研究 this.
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我研究這些現象
04:01
We remove去掉 ourselves我們自己
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我們把我們自己
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from our grief哀思 or from our revery夢想
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從悲傷或白日夢中抽離
04:05
and we go into our phones手機.
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投入到我們的手機裏
04:08
Why does this matter?
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這爲什麽很重要?
04:10
It matters事項 to me
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這對我而言很重要
04:12
because I think we're setting設置 ourselves我們自己 up for trouble麻煩 --
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因爲我認爲我們為自己找來麻煩
04:15
trouble麻煩 certainly當然
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麻煩很明顯地在於
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in how we relate涉及 to each other,
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我們如何和其他人相處
04:19
but also trouble麻煩
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麻煩也會出現在
04:21
in how we relate涉及 to ourselves我們自己
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我們如何和自己相處
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and our capacity容量 for self-reflection自我反思.
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還有我們自我反省的能力
04:27
We're getting得到 used to a new way
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我們漸漸地習慣於一種新的
04:29
of being存在 alone單獨 together一起.
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在一起一同寂寞的相處形態
04:32
People want to be with each other,
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人們想要聚在一起
04:34
but also elsewhere別處 --
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但又想要到別的地方
04:36
connected連接的 to all the different不同 places地方 they want to be.
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去和他們想去的地方連綫
04:39
People want to customize定制 their lives生活.
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人們想要訂制自己的生活
04:42
They want to go in and out of all the places地方 they are
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想要進出所有的地方
04:45
because the thing that matters事項 most to them
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因爲對他們而言重要的是
04:47
is control控制 over where they put their attention注意.
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對自己注意力的掌控權
04:51
So you want to go to that board meeting會議,
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所以你希望能出席會議
04:54
but you only want to pay工資 attention注意
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但你只想要關注
04:56
to the bits that interest利益 you.
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你有興趣的事
04:58
And some people think that's a good thing.
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有的人認爲這是一件好事
05:01
But you can end結束 up
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但最後有可能變成
05:03
hiding from each other,
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我們互相在躲對方
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even as we're all constantly經常 connected連接的 to each other.
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儘管我們24小時都連綫在一起
05:08
A 50-year-old-歲 business商業 man
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一個50歲的生意人
05:10
lamented感嘆 to me
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跟我抱怨說
05:12
that he feels感覺 he doesn't have colleagues同事 anymore at work.
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在工作上他覺得他沒有同事了
05:15
When he goes to work, he doesn't stop by to talk to anybody任何人,
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當他去上班時他不再停下來跟人講話
05:18
he doesn't call.
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他不再打電話
05:20
And he says he doesn't want to interrupt打斷 his colleagues同事
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他說他不想打擾他的同事
05:23
because, he says, "They're too busy on their email電子郵件."
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因爲,他說“他們都在忙他們的email”
05:26
But then he stops停止 himself他自己
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然而他停了一下
05:28
and he says, "You know, I'm not telling告訴 you the truth真相.
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說,“唉,我沒有老實說
05:30
I'm the one who doesn't want to be interrupted間斷.
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其實不想被打擾的人是我
05:33
I think I should want to,
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我認爲我該跟其他人多些互動
05:35
but actually其實 I'd rather just do things on my Blackberry黑莓."
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但是我只想在我的黑莓機上搞自己的東西“
05:39
Across橫過 the generations,
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在各個世代的身上
05:41
I see that people can't get enough足夠 of each other,
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我看到,人們恨不得時刻在一起
05:45
if and only if
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只要
05:47
they can have each other at a distance距離,
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彼此能保持一定的距離
05:50
in amounts they can control控制.
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在他們能控制的範圍内
05:52
I call it the Goldilocks金發 effect影響:
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我稱這個為三隻小熊效應
05:55
not too close, not too far,
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有點近又不會太近
05:58
just right.
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剛剛好的距離
06:00
But what might威力 feel just right
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但是對剛那個中年男人來說
06:02
for that middle-aged中年 executive行政人員
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適當的距離
06:04
can be a problem問題 for an adolescent青少年
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對青少年來説可能就不適當了
06:06
who needs需求 to develop發展 face-to-face面對面 relationships關係.
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青少年需要發展面對面的關係
06:10
An 18-year-old-歲 boy男孩
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一個18歲的男孩
06:12
who uses使用 texting發短信 for almost幾乎 everything
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幾乎一切都以簡訊來溝通
06:15
says to me wistfully望眼欲穿,
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他語帶渴望地對我說
06:17
"Someday日後, someday日後,
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“有一天,總有一天
06:20
but certainly當然 not now,
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但絕對不是現在
06:22
I'd like to learn學習 how to have a conversation會話."
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我想學習如何與人交談”
06:26
When I ask people
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當我問人們
06:28
"What's wrong錯誤 with having a conversation會話?"
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“跟人交談有什麽不好?”
06:31
People say, "I'll tell you what's wrong錯誤 with having a conversation會話.
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人們說,“我可以告訴你有什麽不好
06:35
It takes place地點 in real真實 time
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面對面交談是真實進行的
06:38
and you can't control控制 what you're going to say."
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你無法控制要說些什麽”
06:42
So that's the bottom底部 line.
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所以重點就在這裏
06:44
Texting發短信, email電子郵件, posting發帖,
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簡訊,電子郵件,po文
06:47
all of these things
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這些功能
06:49
let us present當下 the self as we want to be.
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讓我們用自己想要的方式呈現自己
06:52
We get to edit編輯,
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我們能編輯
06:54
and that means手段 we get to delete刪除,
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也就代表我們能刪除
06:57
and that means手段 we get to retouch潤飾,
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我們能修改
07:00
the face面對, the voice語音,
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我們的臉,聲音
07:02
the flesh, the body身體 --
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肌膚,身體
07:04
not too little, not too much,
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不多也不少
07:07
just right.
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剛剛好
07:09
Human人的 relationships關係
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人際關係
07:11
are rich豐富 and they're messy
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是豐富的也是複雜的
07:13
and they're demanding嚴格.
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需要用心經營
07:15
And we clean清潔 them up with technology技術.
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而我們用科技將人際關係清理乾淨
07:18
And when we do,
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當我們這麽做時
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one of the things that can happen發生
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可能發生的一件事
07:22
is that we sacrifice犧牲 conversation會話
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就是我們犧牲了對話
07:24
for mere connection連接.
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而只成就了基本的連結
07:26
We short-change短期變化 ourselves我們自己.
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我們配得更多
07:29
And over time,
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而隨著時間的經過
07:31
we seem似乎 to forget忘記 this,
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我們好像忘了這點
07:33
or we seem似乎 to stop caring愛心.
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或是我們好像不再在乎了
07:36
I was caught抓住 off guard守衛
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我被嚇了一大跳
07:40
when Stephen斯蒂芬 Colbert科爾伯特
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當Stephen Colbert(政治評論家、作家、主持人)
07:42
asked me a profound深刻 question,
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問了我一個有深度的問題的時候
07:46
a profound深刻 question.
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這個很有深度的問題
07:49
He said, "Don't all those little tweets微博,
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他說“這些零零碎碎的短句
07:55
don't all those little sipsSIPS
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這些片斷的章句
07:58
of online線上 communication通訊,
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不都是溝通的一部分?
08:01
add up to one big gulp
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而最後總會合成一個
08:04
of real真實 conversation會話?"
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完整的真實對話?“
08:08
My answer回答 was no,
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我的回答是否定的
08:10
they don't add up.
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他們沒有加總的效果
08:12
Connecting in sipsSIPS may可能 work
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用零零碎碎的片段來溝通
08:16
for gathering蒐集 discreet慎重 bits of information信息,
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在傳遞較簡短隱私的資訊時或許可行
08:20
they may可能 work for saying, "I'm thinking思維 about you,"
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用來説說“我在想你”可能可以
08:24
or even for saying, "I love you," --
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甚至說“我愛你”也還可以
08:26
I mean, look at how I felt
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我的意思是說
08:28
when I got that text文本 from my daughter女兒 --
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看看我女兒的簡訊讓我多麽高興
08:31
but they don't really work
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但是這些隻字片語
08:33
for learning學習 about each other,
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是沒有辦法讓我們了解對方的
08:35
for really coming未來 to know and understand理解 each other.
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不能讓我們真正互相了解和認識
08:39
And we use conversations對話 with each other
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而我們用和其他人的對話
08:43
to learn學習 how to have conversations對話
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來學習如何
08:45
with ourselves我們自己.
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和我們自己對話
08:47
So a flight飛行 from conversation會話
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所以逃避對話
08:49
can really matter
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是一件嚴重的事
08:51
because it can compromise妥協
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因爲這會同時危害
08:53
our capacity容量 for self-reflection自我反思.
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我們自我反省的能力
08:55
For kids孩子 growing生長 up,
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對成長中的小孩而言
08:57
that skill技能 is the bedrock基岩 of development發展.
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這個能力是發展的基礎
09:01
Over and over I hear,
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我一再地聽到人們說
09:03
"I would rather text文本 than talk."
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“我寧願送簡訊也不要講話”
09:06
And what I'm seeing眼看
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而我看到的是
09:08
is that people get so used to being存在 short-changed變短
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人們變得十分習慣於
09:10
out of real真實 conversation會話,
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迴避真正的對話
09:12
so used to getting得到 by with less,
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將就於這省略版的對話
09:15
that they've他們已經 become成為 almost幾乎 willing願意
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而最後變得也幾乎不在意
09:17
to dispense發放 with people altogether.
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將對話的對象也省略掉
09:19
So for example,
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擧個例子來説
09:21
many許多 people share分享 with me this wish希望,
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很多人跟我表達了這個願望
09:23
that some day a more advanced高級 version of SiriSiri的,
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說希望有一天Siri
09:26
the digital數字 assistant助理 on Apple's蘋果 iPhone蘋果手機,
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這個蘋果電腦i-Phone内建的數位個人助理
09:29
will be more like a best最好 friend朋友,
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會變成我們最好的朋友
09:31
someone有人 who will listen
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當其他人不願的時候
09:33
when others其他 won't慣於.
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這個軟體還會傾聽我們的心聲
09:35
I believe this wish希望
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我相信這個願望
09:37
reflects反映 a painful痛苦 truth真相
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是反映了我過去15年
09:39
that I've learned學到了 in the past過去 15 years年份.
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所學到的一個痛苦的事實
09:42
That feeling感覺 that no one is listening to me
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也就是說這個“沒有人聼我講話”的感覺
09:46
is very important重要
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在我們和科技之間的關係
09:48
in our relationships關係 with technology技術.
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佔有很重要的地位
09:50
That's why it's so appealing吸引人的
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這也就是爲什麽
09:52
to have a FacebookFacebook的 page
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臉書上的最新動態或
09:54
or a Twitter推特 feed飼料 --
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推特的最新動態是如此地吸引人
09:56
so many許多 automatic自動 listeners聽眾.
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因爲在那上面有這麽多現成的聽衆
09:59
And the feeling感覺 that no one is listening to me
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這個“沒有人聼我講話”的感覺
10:02
make us want to spend time
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讓我們想花更多的時間
10:04
with machines that seem似乎 to care關心 about us.
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跟好像在乎我們的機器在一起
10:07
We're developing發展 robots機器人,
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我們研發了機器人
10:09
they call them sociable社交的 robots機器人,
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取名叫作社交型機器人
10:11
that are specifically特別 designed設計 to be companions同伴 --
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專門用來和人們作伴
10:14
to the elderly老年,
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和老人作伴
10:16
to our children孩子,
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和小孩做伴
10:18
to us.
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也和我們作伴
10:20
Have we so lost丟失 confidence置信度
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我們對和彼此作伴
10:23
that we will be there for each other?
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難道已經絕望到如此地步了嗎?
10:27
During my research研究
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在我的研究中
10:29
I worked工作 in nursing看護 homes家園,
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我研究過一些安養中心
10:31
and I brought in these sociable社交的 robots機器人
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我引入了這些社交型的機器人
10:34
that were designed設計 to give the elderly老年
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這些機器人的功能被設計為
10:36
the feeling感覺 that they were understood了解.
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要讓老人們覺得自己可以被了解
10:39
And one day I came來了 in
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有一天我走進來看到
10:41
and a woman女人 who had lost丟失 a child兒童
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有一個失去孩子的媽媽
10:43
was talking to a robot機器人
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在跟一個外形是小海豹的
10:45
in the shape形狀 of a baby寶寶 seal密封.
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機器人講話
10:48
It seemed似乎 to be looking in her eyes眼睛.
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機器人似乎注視著她的雙眼
10:50
It seemed似乎 to be following以下 the conversation會話.
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似乎能夠聼懂她的話
10:53
It comforted her.
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能夠安撫她
10:56
And many許多 people found發現 this amazing驚人.
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而很多人覺得這很奇妙
11:00
But that woman女人 was trying to make sense of her life
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那個女人在試著去找出她生命的意義
11:05
with a machine that had no experience經驗
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想要透過一個完全沒有生老病死的機器人
11:08
of the arc of a human人的 life.
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來找出生命的意義
11:11
That robot機器人 put on a great show顯示.
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機器人做了很成功的演出
11:13
And we're vulnerable弱勢.
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而我們很脆弱
11:15
People experience經驗 pretend假裝 empathy同情
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人們體驗了虛假的移情作用
11:18
as though雖然 it were the real真實 thing.
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還以爲那是真的
11:21
So during that moment時刻
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所以在那個時候
11:25
when that woman女人
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當那個女人
11:27
was experiencing經歷 that pretend假裝 empathy同情,
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在體驗虛假的移情作用時
11:30
I was thinking思維, "That robot機器人 can't empathize同情.
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我在想:這個機器人是不會憐憫人的
11:33
It doesn't face面對 death死亡.
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機器人不需面對死亡
11:35
It doesn't know life."
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不會懂生命
11:37
And as that woman女人 took comfort安慰
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而當那個媽媽
11:39
in her robot機器人 companion伴侶,
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從機器人身上得到慰藉
11:41
I didn't find it amazing驚人;
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我並不覺得這有什麽值得讚嘆的
11:43
I found發現 it one of the most wrenching痛苦, complicated複雜 moments瞬間
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我反而覺得這是在我15年學術研究裏
11:47
in my 15 years年份 of work.
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最令人痛心最複雜的一刻
11:51
But when I stepped加強 back,
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但當我退一步看
11:53
I felt myself
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我發現我自己
11:55
at the cold, hard center中央
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正處在冷冰冰鐵一般硬的
11:58
of a perfect完善 storm風暴.
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完美風暴的中心
12:00
We expect期望 more from technology技術
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我們對科技有著越來越多的期待
12:03
and less from each other.
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而對彼此的人際關係卻越來越不抱希望
12:06
And I ask myself,
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我問我自己
12:08
"Why have things come to this?"
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“爲什麽會演變到這個地步?”
12:11
And I believe it's because
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我相信這是因爲
12:13
technology技術 appeals上訴 to us most
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科技在我們最弱的點上
12:16
where we are most vulnerable弱勢.
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顯得最有吸引力
12:18
And we are vulnerable弱勢.
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而我們是脆弱的
12:20
We're lonely孤獨,
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我們感到孤獨
12:22
but we're afraid害怕 of intimacy親密關係.
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但又害怕親密
12:24
And so from social社會 networks網絡 to sociable社交的 robots機器人,
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從社交媒體到社交機器人
12:27
we're designing設計 technologies技術
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我們設計了
12:29
that will give us the illusion錯覺 of companionship友誼
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不需要有友誼
12:32
without the demands需要 of friendship友誼.
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卻能給我們有伴的錯覺的科技
12:34
We turn to technology技術 to help us feel connected連接的
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我們向科技求助
12:37
in ways方法 we can comfortably舒服 control控制.
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讓我們依自己覺得舒適的方式來與他人聯結
12:40
But we're not so comfortable自在.
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但我們並不覺得如此舒適
12:42
We are not so much in control控制.
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一切也不都在我們的掌控之中
12:45
These days, those phones手機 in our pockets口袋
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現在,這些在我們口袋裏的手機
12:48
are changing改變 our minds頭腦 and hearts心中
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正在改變我們的心靈
12:50
because they offer提供 us
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因爲他們給我們
12:52
three gratifying可喜 fantasies幻想.
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三個令人滿意的幻想
12:54
One, that we can put our attention注意
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第一:我們可以將我們的注意力
12:56
wherever哪裡 we want it to be;
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放在我們想要的地方
12:58
two, that we will always be heard聽說;
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第二:總是有人願意聆聽我們的意見
13:01
and three, that we will never have to be alone單獨.
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第三:我們永遠不會孤獨
13:04
And that third第三 idea理念,
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而這第三個想法
13:06
that we will never have to be alone單獨,
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“我們永遠不會孤獨”
13:09
is central中央 to changing改變 our psyches的心智.
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是我們心理狀態改變的關鍵點
13:11
Because the moment時刻 that people are alone單獨,
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因爲一旦人們獨處
13:14
even for a few少數 seconds,
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即便只有幾秒鐘
13:16
they become成為 anxious, they panic恐慌, they fidget煩躁不安的人,
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他們立刻變得焦慮,不安,驚慌
13:19
they reach達到 for a device設備.
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立刻要把手機拿出來用
13:21
Just think of people at a checkout查看 line
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例如在排隊的人們
13:23
or at a red light.
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或是等紅燈的人
13:25
Being存在 alone單獨 feels感覺 like a problem問題 that needs需求 to be solved解決了.
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獨處變得是個必須解決的問題
13:29
And so people try to solve解決 it by connecting.
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而人們試著用互相連綫來解決
13:32
But here, connection連接
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但是這裡,有連綫
13:34
is more like a symptom症狀 than a cure治愈.
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只是治標而不治本
13:37
It expresses表達, but it doesn't solve解決,
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只是個表象而沒有真正
13:40
an underlying底層 problem問題.
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去解決根本的問題
13:42
But more than a symptom症狀,
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更甚之,
13:44
constant不變 connection連接 is changing改變
318
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這個一直有連綫的表象
13:46
the way people think of themselves他們自己.
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正在改變人們對自己的看法
13:48
It's shaping成型 a new way of being存在.
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正在塑造一個新的生活方式
13:51
The best最好 way to describe描述 it is,
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最恰當的描述是:
13:53
I share分享 therefore因此 I am.
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我分享故我在
13:56
We use technology技術 to define確定 ourselves我們自己
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我們用科技來為自己下定義
13:59
by sharing分享 our thoughts思念 and feelings情懷
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透過即時分享
14:01
even as we're having them.
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我們的想法和感覺
14:03
So before it was:
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所以在從前是:
14:05
I have a feeling感覺,
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我有個感覺
14:07
I want to make a call.
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我想打個電話
14:09
Now it's: I want to have a feeling感覺,
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現在是:我想要有個感覺
14:12
I need to send發送 a text文本.
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我必須送個簡訊
14:14
The problem問題 with this new regime政權
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這個“我分享故我在”的
14:17
of "I share分享 therefore因此 I am"
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生活方式的問題在於
14:19
is that, if we don't have connection連接,
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少了綫上的好友鏈接
14:21
we don't feel like ourselves我們自己.
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我們就好像不是自己了
14:23
We almost幾乎 don't feel ourselves我們自己.
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我們幾乎就無法感受自己
14:25
So what do we do? We connect more and more.
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那麽我們會怎麽做?我們會找尋更多的鏈結
14:28
But in the process處理,
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但在這樣的一個過程中
14:30
we set ourselves我們自己 up to be isolated孤立.
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我們將自己變得的更加孤立
14:33
How do you get from connection連接 to isolation隔離?
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爲什麽會從有連綫變成孤立呢?
14:37
You end結束 up isolated孤立
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你會孤立
14:39
if you don't cultivate培育 the capacity容量 for solitude孤獨,
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是因為如果你不培養獨處的能力
14:41
the ability能力 to be separate分離,
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和將自己抽離出來
14:44
to gather收集 yourself你自己.
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重新沉澱的能力
14:46
Solitude孤獨 is where you find yourself你自己
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獨處能讓你找到自我
14:49
so that you can reach達到 out to other people
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體驗過孤獨後你才能夠走向人們
14:51
and form形成 real真實 attachments附件.
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進而建立真正的連結
14:54
When we don't have the capacity容量 for solitude孤獨,
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當我們沒有和自己獨處的能力
14:57
we turn to other people in order訂購 to feel less anxious
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我們轉向別人只為使自己覺得較不焦慮
15:00
or in order訂購 to feel alive.
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或感受到自己的存在
15:02
When this happens發生,
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當這一切演變到這個地步時
15:04
we're not able能夠 to appreciate欣賞 who they are.
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我們已無法去欣賞周圍的人
15:07
It's as though雖然 we're using運用 them
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我們只是在利用這些人
15:09
as spare備用 parts部分
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把他們當作是零件
15:11
to support支持 our fragile脆弱 sense of self.
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是用來支持我們脆弱自我的零件
15:14
We slip into thinking思維 that always being存在 connected連接的
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我們輕信說跟很多人在綫上連結
15:17
is going to make us feel less alone單獨.
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將會讓我們覺得不孤單
15:21
But we're at risk風險,
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但我們這是在冒險
15:23
because actually其實 it's the opposite對面 that's true真正.
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因爲我們認知的反面纔是真的
15:26
If we're not able能夠 to be alone單獨,
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我們如果不能獨處
15:28
we're going to be more lonely孤獨.
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我們將更加孤單
15:30
And if we don't teach our children孩子 to be alone單獨,
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我們如果不能教會我們的小孩獨處
15:33
they're only going to know
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他們將不會知道
15:35
how to be lonely孤獨.
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如何處理孤獨
15:37
When I spoke at TEDTED in 1996,
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當我1996年在TED演講時
15:40
reporting報告 on my studies學習
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我報告了
15:42
of the early virtual虛擬 communities社區,
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我對早期虛擬社區的研究
15:44
I said, "Those who make the most
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我說,“那些善用他們
15:47
of their lives生活 on the screen屏幕
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在電腦銀幕上人生的人
15:49
come to it in a spirit精神 of self-reflection自我反思."
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這麽做是基於一種自我反省的精神“
15:52
And that's what I'm calling調用 for here, now:
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而這正是我此時此地所要宣導的:
15:55
reflection反射 and, more than that, a conversation會話
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反省和更進一步去對話探討
15:58
about where our current當前 use of technology技術
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看我們對科技的使用
16:01
may可能 be taking服用 us,
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會將我們帶到哪裏
16:03
what it might威力 be costing成本核算 us.
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我們將付出什麽代價
16:05
We're smitten重拳出擊 with technology技術.
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我們完全被科技所吸引
16:08
And we're afraid害怕, like young年輕 lovers情侶,
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而我們也害怕,如同年輕人一般
16:11
that too much talking might威力 spoil溺愛 the romance浪漫.
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怕言語太多會破壞浪漫氣氛
16:14
But it's time to talk.
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但是討論的時候到了
16:16
We grew成長 up with digital數字 technology技術
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我們和數位科技一同成長
16:19
and so we see it as all grown長大的 up.
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所以我們將它也視爲發育完成
16:21
But it's not, it's early days.
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但是並非如此,它仍是在發育初期
16:24
There's plenty豐富 of time
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我們還有很多時間
16:26
for us to reconsider重新考慮 how we use it,
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可以來思考我們該如何使用科技
16:28
how we build建立 it.
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如何來建構科技
16:30
I'm not suggesting提示
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我不是在建議說
16:32
that we turn away from our devices設備,
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我們不該使用我們的行動裝置
16:34
just that we develop發展 a more self-aware自我意識 relationship關係
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而是說我們該建立一種較有自我意識的關係
16:37
with them, with each other
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在人與科技,在人與人之間
16:39
and with ourselves我們自己.
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以及和我們自己
16:42
I see some first steps腳步.
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我已經有幾個初步的構想
16:44
Start開始 thinking思維 of solitude孤獨
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首先就是把獨處
16:46
as a good thing.
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想成一件好事
16:48
Make room房間 for it.
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替它保留一些空間
16:50
Find ways方法 to demonstrate演示 this
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找一些方法來向你的小孩展示
16:53
as a value to your children孩子.
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說這個是寶貴有價值的
16:55
Create創建 sacred神聖 spaces空間 at home --
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在家裏劃定一些神聖的區域
16:57
the kitchen廚房, the dining用餐 room房間 --
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廚房、飯廳
16:59
and reclaim回收 them for conversation會話.
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把這些區域界定為對話空間
17:02
Do the same相同 thing at work.
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在你的辦公地點也如法炮製
17:04
At work, we're so busy communicating通信
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在上班時我們是如此地忙於溝通公務
17:06
that we often經常 don't have time to think,
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我們不太有時間來思考
17:09
we don't have time to talk,
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我們沒有時間來討論
17:12
about the things that really matter.
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真正重要的事
17:14
Change更改 that.
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而這該有所改變
17:16
Most important重要, we all really need to listen to each other,
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最重要的是我們真該好好傾聼
17:20
including包含 to the boring無聊 bits.
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大大小小甚至於無聊的事
17:24
Because it's when we stumble絆倒
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因爲只有當我們結結巴巴
17:26
or hesitate遲疑 or lose失去 our words
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猶豫或無言的時候
17:29
that we reveal揭示 ourselves我們自己 to each other.
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我們才是跟對方顯示我們的真本性
17:33
Technology技術 is making製造 a bid出價
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科技讓人們有機會
17:36
to redefine重新定義 human人的 connection連接 --
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來重新定義人際間的連結
17:38
how we care關心 for each other,
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如何去關愛對方
17:40
how we care關心 for ourselves我們自己 --
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和如何來關愛我們自己
17:42
but it's also giving us the opportunity機會
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同時也給了我們
17:44
to affirm確認 our values
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確認我們價值
17:46
and our direction方向.
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和確認我們方向的機會
17:48
I'm optimistic樂觀.
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我是很樂觀的
17:50
We have everything we need to start開始.
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我們已經擁有需要的一切
17:53
We have each other.
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我們互相擁有
17:55
And we have the greatest最大 chance機會 of success成功
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並且有絕佳的成功機會
17:58
if we recognize認識 our vulnerability漏洞.
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只要我們能承認自己的軟弱
18:01
That we listen
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我們更該彼此聆聽
18:03
when technology技術 says
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特別是當科技承諾說
18:05
it will take something complicated複雜
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它會將複雜的
18:08
and promises許諾 something simpler簡單.
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轉換成簡單的
18:11
So in my work,
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在我的研究裏
18:13
I hear that life is hard,
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我聽到說生活是辛苦的
18:16
relationships關係 are filled填充 with risk風險.
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人際關係是充滿風險的
18:18
And then there's technology技術 --
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相對的,科技是
18:20
simpler簡單, hopeful有希望,
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更簡單、充滿希望
18:22
optimistic樂觀, ever-young長生不老.
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樂觀的、永遠年輕的
18:25
It's like calling調用 in the cavalry騎兵.
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這就像我們的完美救兵
18:27
An ad廣告 campaign運動 promises許諾
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有一個廣告說
18:29
that online線上 and with avatars替身,
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在綫上用你的替身
18:31
you can "Finally最後, love your friends朋友
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你將可以“愛你的朋友
18:35
love your body身體, love your life,
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愛你的身體,愛你的生活
18:38
online線上 and with avatars替身."
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快來上綫使用你的替身”
18:41
We're drawn to virtual虛擬 romance浪漫,
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網上虛擬的愛情
18:43
to computer電腦 games遊戲 that seem似乎 like worlds世界,
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做得跟真實世界一樣的網路遊戲
18:46
to the idea理念 that robots機器人, robots機器人,
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還有那個有一天可以是我們知心伴侶的機器人
18:50
will someday日後 be our true真正 companions同伴.
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這些東西深深地吸引著我們
18:53
We spend an evening晚間 on the social社會 network網絡
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我們寧願花一整個晚上在社交網路上
18:56
instead代替 of going to the pub酒館 with friends朋友.
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而不願和朋友去pub見面
18:59
But our fantasies幻想 of substitution代換
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這個用替代品就好的幻想
19:01
have cost成本 us.
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最終會讓我們付出代價的
19:04
Now we all need to focus焦點
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現在我們都該多關注
19:07
on the many許多, many許多 ways方法
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各式各樣的方法
19:09
technology技術 can lead us back
448
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運用科技將我們帶囘
19:11
to our real真實 lives生活, our own擁有 bodies身體,
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我們真實的生活,我們真實的身體
19:14
our own擁有 communities社區,
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我們自己的社區
19:16
our own擁有 politics政治,
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我們自己的政治
19:18
our own擁有 planet行星.
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我們的星球
19:20
They need us.
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這些都需要我們
19:22
Let's talk about
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讓我們來談談
19:24
how we can use digital數字 technology技術,
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我們如何能用數位科技
19:27
the technology技術 of our dreams,
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這個我們夢想的科技
19:30
to make this life
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來使我們的生活
19:32
the life we can love.
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真正成爲我們的所愛
19:34
Thank you.
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謝謝
19:36
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Wang-Ju Tsai
Reviewed by Sherri Wu

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sherry Turkle - Cultural analyst
Sherry Turkle studies how technology is shaping our modern relationships: with others, with ourselves, with it.

Why you should listen

Since her path breaking The Second Self: Computers and The Human Spirit in 1984 psychologist and sociologist Sherry Turkle has been studying how technology changes not only what we do but also whom we are. In 1995's Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet, Turkle explored how the Internet provided new possibilities for exploring identity. In her book, Alone Together: Why We Expect More From Technology and Less From Each Other, Turkle argues that the social media we encounter on a daily basis confront us with moments of temptation. Drawn by the illusion of companionship without the demands of intimacy, we confuse postings and online sharing with authentic communication. In her most recent bestselling book, Reclaiming Conversation: The Power of Talk in a Digital Age, Turkle argues that now, with a deeper understanding of our vulnerability to technology, we must reclaim conversation, the most human—and humanizing—thing that we do. The virtues of person-to-person conversation are timeless; to the disconnections of our modern age, it is the talking cure.

Described as "the Margaret Mead of digital cuture," Turkle's work focuses on the world of social media, the digital workplace, and the rise of chatbots and sociable robots. As she puts it, these are technologies that propose themselves "as the architect of our intimacies." We are drawn to sacrifice conversation for mere connection. Turkle suggests that just because we grew up with the Internet, we tend to see it as all grown up, but it is not: Digital technology is still in its infancy, and there is ample time for us to reshape how we build it and use it.

Turkle is a professor in the Program in Science, Technology and Society at MIT and the founder and director of the MIT Initiative on Technology and Self.

More profile about the speaker
Sherry Turkle | Speaker | TED.com