ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sue Desmond-Hellmann - CEO, Gates Foundation
Sue Desmond-Hellmann leads the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s mission to establish equity for every person.

Why you should listen

As CEO of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Sue Desmond-Hellmann leads the organization's vision for a world where every person has the opportunity to live a healthy, productive life. Drawing on her diverse experience as scientist, physician and business executive, she oversees a variety of missions focused on eradicating disease, poverty and inequity. She leads 1,400 people, across four continents, working in more than 100 countries to help more children and young people survive and thrive, combat infectious diseases that hit the poorest hardest, and empower people -- particularly women and girls -- to transform their lives.

Trained as an oncologist, Dr. Desmond-Hellmann spent 14 years at biotech firm Genentech, developing a number of breakthrough medicines, including two of the first gene-targeted therapies for cancer, Avastin and Herceptin. In November 2009, Forbes magazine named her one of the world's seven most "powerful innovators," calling her "a hero to legions of cancer patients." Her time at Genentech put her at the forefront of the precision medicine revolution, and in her current role she champions a similar approach to global development: precision public health -- getting the right interventions, to the right populations, in the right places, to save lives.

Immediately prior to joining the foundation in 2014, Dr. Desmond-Hellmann was the first female chancellor of the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), overseeing all aspects of the university and medical center's strategy and operations. It was her second stint at UCSF, having completed her clinical training there in the 1980s. She moved to Uganda in 1989 to work on HIV/AIDS and cancer, which she credits as a turning point in her career. "It was so profound to recognize ... that all the learning I had done to become a doctor didn't matter at all if I didn’t make a contribution," she said.

Dr. Desmond-Hellmann is the recipient of numerous honors and awards. She was listed among Fortune magazine's "50 most powerful women in business" for seven years. In 2010, she was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and elected to the Institute of Medicine. She serves on the boards of directors at Facebook Inc. and the Procter & Gamble Company.

More profile about the speaker
Sue Desmond-Hellmann | Speaker | TED.com
TED2016

Sue Desmond-Hellmann: A smarter, more precise way to think about public health

蘇.黛絲蒙海曼: 用更聰明、更精準的方式思考公共健康問題

Filmed:
1,025,497 views

蘇.黛絲蒙海曼(Sue Desmond-Hellmann)利用「精準公共醫療」- 一種結合大數據、消費監控、基因定序及其它創新工具的方式 - 來解決全世界最難應付的醫療問題。這個方法已經幫助非洲撒哈拉以南的一些國家,減少了將近一半母體傳染愛滋病毒給小孩的病例,現在,這個方式被用來解決全世界嬰兒死亡率居高不下的問題。它的目標是:及時拯救需要的人。
- CEO, Gates Foundation
Sue Desmond-Hellmann leads the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s mission to establish equity for every person. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:14
OK, first, some introductions介紹.
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OK,首先,先自我介紹一下。
00:17
My mom媽媽, Jennie珍妮, took this picture圖片.
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這張照片是我母親珍妮拍的,
00:21
That's my dad, Frank坦率, in the middle中間.
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在中間的是我爸,法蘭克。
00:24
And on his left, my sisters姐妹:
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在他左邊的是我姊姊:
00:26
Mary瑪麗 Catherine凱瑟琳, Judith朱迪思 Ann,
Theresa有一個 Marie瑪麗.
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瑪莉凱瑟琳、僑蒂絲安、
泰瑞莎馬瑞。
00:30
John約翰 Patrick's帕特里克 sitting坐在 on his lap膝部
and Kevin凱文 Michael's邁克爾的 on his right.
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約翰派崔克坐在他腳上,
凱文麥克在他右邊。
00:35
And in the pale-blue淡藍 windbreaker風衣,
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穿著淺藍色防風夾克的
00:38
Susan蘇珊 Diane黛安. Me.
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就是在下我,蘇珊黛安娜。
00:41
I loved喜愛 growing生長 up in a big family家庭.
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我很開心可以在大家庭長大。
00:45
And one of my favorite喜愛 things
was picking選擇 names.
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而我最喜歡的事就是命名。
00:49
But by the time child兒童
number seven came來了 along沿,
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但到了第七個孩子出生時,
00:53
we had nearly幾乎 run out of middle中間 names.
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我們家幾乎已經用光所有的名字,
00:57
It was a long deliberation審議
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我們考慮了很久,
00:58
before we finally最後 settled安定
on Jennifer詹妮弗 Bridget布里奇特.
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最後才把珍妮佛布里茲
的名字定下來。
01:04
Every一切 parent in this audience聽眾
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在場的每位爸爸媽媽
01:07
knows知道 the joy喜悅 and excitement激動
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都很了解幫寶寶命名時的
01:09
of picking選擇 a new baby's寶寶 name名稱.
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幸福與興奮。
01:12
And I was excited興奮 and thrilled高興
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而我竟然可以在這種
喜慶的時刻幫助我媽
01:14
to help my mom媽媽 in that special特別
ceremonial儀式 moment時刻.
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自然是興奮又激動的。
01:19
But it's not like that everywhere到處.
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但世界上的其它地方
就不一定是如此了。
01:23
I travel旅行 a lot and I see a lot.
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我時常旅行,見聞豐富。
01:26
But it took me by surprise to learn學習
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但令我吃驚的是,
01:29
in an area of Ethiopia埃塞俄比亞,
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在伊索比亞的地方,
01:31
parents父母 delay延遲 picking選擇 the names
for their new babies嬰兒
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父母不會馬上為孩子命名,
01:35
by a month or more.
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有時會拖延到一個月或更久之後。
01:37
Why delay延遲?
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為什麼要拖延?
01:40
Why not take advantage優點
of this special特別 ceremonial儀式 time?
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為什麼不把握特別的一刻?
01:44
Well, they delay延遲 because they're afraid害怕.
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其實,他們拖延的原因是害怕。
01:48
They're afraid害怕 their baby寶寶 will die.
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他們害怕寶寶會死亡。
01:51
And this loss失利 might威力 be a little more
bearable可忍受的 without a name名稱.
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如果不幸過世,寶寶沒有名字
他們比較不會那麼難過。
01:57
A face面對 without a name名稱 might威力 help them feel
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不取名字能幫助他們
02:01
just a little less attached.
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減少一點對新生兒的不捨。
02:05
So here we are in one part部分 of the world世界 --
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世上有一部分父母是
02:07
a time of joy喜悅, excitement激動,
dreaming做夢 of the future未來 of that child兒童 --
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——沉浸在幸福裡,
夢想著寶寶的未來——
02:12
while in another另一個 world世界,
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而另一個世界的父母......
02:15
parents父母 are filled填充 with dread恐懼,
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卻是擔心受怕,
02:18
not daring大膽 to dream夢想
of a future未來 for their child兒童
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不敢在那寶貴的幾個星期裡,
02:21
beyond a few少數 precious珍貴 weeks.
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夢想著他們小孩的未來。
02:24
How can that be?
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怎麼會這樣?
02:27
How can it be that 2.6 million百萬 babies嬰兒
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為什麼世界上有
260 萬個小寶寶
02:32
die around the world世界
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會在出生頭一個月去世?
02:34
before they're even one month old?
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02:37
2.6 million百萬.
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260萬!
02:41
That's the population人口 of Vancouver溫哥華.
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這可是溫哥華的總人口啊!
02:44
And the shocking觸目驚心 thing is:
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令人震驚的是:
02:47
Why?
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為什麼?
02:48
In too many許多 cases, we simply只是 don't know.
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很多時候,我們真的束手無策。
02:53
Now, I remember記得 recently最近 seeing眼看
an updated更新 pie餡餅 chart圖表.
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我記得最近看到一張
最新的圓形圖表,
02:57
And the pie餡餅 chart圖表 was labeled標記,
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圖表的主題是,
02:59
"Causes原因 of death死亡 in children孩子
under five worldwide全世界."
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《全世界低於五歲小孩的死亡原因》
03:03
And there was a pretty漂亮 big section部分
of that pie餡餅 chart圖表, about 40 percent百分 --
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圖表上有很大部分,大約40%,
03:07
40 percent百分 was labeled標記 "neonatal新生兒."
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有 40% 的原因是「初生」,
03:12
Now, "neonatal新生兒" is not a cause原因 of death死亡.
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「初生」不是一種死因
03:14
Neonatal新生兒 is simply只是 an adjective形容詞,
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「初生」只是一個形容詞,
03:17
an adjective形容詞 that means手段 that the child兒童
is less than one month old.
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是用來形容
剛出生不到一個月的新生兒。
03:23
For me, "neonatal新生兒" said:
"We have no idea理念."
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對我而言,這像是對著新生兒們說:
「我們無能為力」。
03:29
Now, I'm a scientist科學家. I'm a doctor醫生.
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我是一位科學家,我是醫生。
03:31
I want to fix固定 things.
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我想要做點事改善這個狀況。
03:33
But you can't fix固定
what you can't define確定.
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但你無法改善你不理解的事。
03:38
So our first step in restoring恢復
the dreams of those parents父母
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所以,要重建那些父母親的夢想,
我們第一步就是要回答這個問題:
03:43
is to answer回答 the question:
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03:45
Why are babies嬰兒 dying垂死?
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為什麼寶寶會死亡?
03:48
So today今天, I want to talk
about a new approach途徑,
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所以,今天,我想要來談談
一個新的方法,
03:52
an approach途徑 that I feel
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一個我覺得不只可以幫助我們了解
03:54
will not only help us
know why babies嬰兒 are dying垂死,
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為什麼寶寶會死亡,
03:59
but is beginning開始 to completely全然 transform轉變
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也讓我們可以開始動手
徹底改革全球醫療系統。
04:02
the whole整個 field領域 of global全球 health健康.
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04:06
It's called "Precision精確 Public上市 Health健康."
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這個方法叫做「精準公共醫療」。
04:10
For me, precision精確 medicine醫學 comes
from a very special特別 place地點.
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我對「精準醫學」的知識
來自一個特別的地方。
04:16
I trained熟練 as a cancer癌症 doctor醫生,
an oncologist腫瘤科醫生.
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我是一位癌症及腫瘤醫師。
04:20
I got into it because I wanted
to help people feel better.
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我會進入這一個領域的原因,
是因為我想要讓病人更舒服。
但很多時候,我的治療方式
只會讓他們更痛苦。
04:24
But too often經常 my treatments治療
made製作 them feel worse更差.
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04:29
I still remember記得 young年輕 women婦女
being存在 driven驅動 to my clinic診所
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我仍記得那些年輕女孩們
被她們的媽媽載來我診所的那一幕,
04:34
by their moms媽媽 --
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04:36
adults成年人, who had to be helped幫助
into my exam考試 room房間 by their mothers母親.
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這些成年人,被她們的媽媽們
載來我的診療室尋求幫助。
04:42
They were so weak
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我的治療方式讓她們變得很虛弱。
04:43
from the treatment治療 I had given特定 them.
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04:47
But at the time, in those front面前 lines
in the war戰爭 on cancer癌症,
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但在當時對抗癌症
這場戰役的前線,
04:51
we had few少數 tools工具.
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我們可用的工具極少。
04:54
And the tools工具 we did have
couldn't不能 differentiate區分
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而我們擁有的工具,
04:57
between之間 the cancer癌症 cells細胞
that we wanted to hit擊中 hard
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無法區別出需要消滅的癌症細胞
05:01
and those healthy健康 cells細胞
that we wanted to preserve保留.
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及想要保留的健康細胞。
05:06
And so the side effects效果 that you're
all very familiar with --
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大家都相當了解這些治療方式
產生的副作用——
05:09
hair頭髮 loss失利, being存在 sick生病 to your stomach,
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掉髮、感到噁心、
05:12
having a suppressed抑制 immune免疫的 system系統,
so infection感染 was a constant不變 threat威脅 --
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免疫系統不良,
於是常常別感染的威脅
05:17
were always surrounding周圍 us.
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無時無刻潛伏在我們的身邊。
05:20
And then I moved移動
to the biotechnology生物技術 industry行業.
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所以我轉到生物科技領域找方法,
05:24
And I got to work on a new approach途徑
for breast乳房 cancer癌症 patients耐心
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我全心投入到一個
治療乳癌病患的新方法,
05:28
that could do a better job工作
of telling告訴 the healthy健康 cells細胞
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這個方法比較能有效地分辨出
不健康的細胞或癌細胞。
05:33
from the unhealthy不良 or cancer癌症 cells細胞.
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05:36
It's a drug藥物 called Herceptin赫賽汀.
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這是一種叫「賀癌平」的藥。
05:39
And what Herceptin赫賽汀 allowed允許 us to do
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賀癌平可以讓我們精準地
05:42
is to precisely恰恰 target目標
HER2-positive-正 breast乳房 cancer癌症,
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標靶到當時最恐怖的
HER2 乳癌細胞,
05:49
at the time, the scariest最可怕的
form形成 of breast乳房 cancer癌症.
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05:52
And that precision精確 let us
hit擊中 hard the cancer癌症 cells細胞,
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它能精準地攻擊癌症細胞,
05:56
while sparing保守的 and being存在 more
gentle溫和 on the normal正常 cells細胞.
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且對正常細胞的傷害降到最低。
06:02
A huge巨大 breakthrough突破.
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相當重大的突破,
06:04
It felt like a miracle奇蹟,
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感覺相當神奇,
06:07
so much so that today今天,
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因此今日,
06:10
we're harnessing治理 all those tools工具 --
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我們可以利用這些工具——
06:13
big data數據, consumer消費者 monitoring監控,
gene基因 sequencing測序 and more --
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大資料、消費監控、基因定序......等等
06:18
to tackle滑車 a broad廣闊 variety品種 of diseases疾病.
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來對抗各類疾病。
06:23
That's allowing允許 us to target目標 individuals個人
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它可以讓我們用精準的療程
及時對個人做治療。
06:28
with the right remedies補救措施 at the right time.
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06:32
Precision精確 medicine醫學
revolutionized革命性 cancer癌症 therapy治療.
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「精準醫學」變革了癌症治療的方式。
06:37
Everything changed.
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每件事都改變了,
06:40
And I want everything to change更改 again.
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而我希望每件事能再次改變。
06:44
So I've been asking myself:
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所以,我一直在問我自己:
06:46
Why should we limit限制
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為什麼我們把
06:48
this smarter聰明, more precise精確,
better way to tackle滑車 diseases疾病
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這種較聰明的、較精準的
對抗疾病的方式,
06:53
to the rich豐富 world世界?
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限制在富人階層?
06:56
Now, don't misunderstand誤解 me --
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千萬別誤會我的意思——
06:57
I'm not talking about bringing使
expensive昂貴 medicines藥品 like Herceptin赫賽汀
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我不是在談,把類似「賀癌平」
這種貴重的藥,
07:00
to the developing發展 world世界,
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帶到開發中國家去,
07:02
although雖然 I'd actually其實 kind of like that.
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雖然我是這麼希望。
07:05
What I am talking about
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我說的是,
07:07
is moving移動 from this precise精確
targeting針對 for individuals個人
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把這種精準的個人醫療方式,
07:12
to tackle滑車 public上市 health健康 problems問題
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轉移去解決公共醫療問題。
07:14
in populations人群.
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07:18
Now, OK, I know probably大概
you're thinking思維, "She's crazy.
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我知道,你們可能在想,
「這女的瘋了,
07:23
You can't do that. That's too ambitious有雄心."
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不能這樣搞,這樣太大膽了!」
07:26
But here's這裡的 the thing:
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但事情是這樣的:
07:29
we're already已經 doing this in a limited有限 way,
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在資源有限的情況下,
我們已經開始在做這件事,
07:32
and it's already已經 starting開始
to make a big difference區別.
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而且已經有很大的成效了。
07:36
So here's這裡的 what's happening事件.
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我接下來談談成效如何,
07:38
Now, I told you I trained熟練
as a cancer癌症 doctor醫生.
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我剛跟各位提到,
我是一位癌症醫師,
07:41
But like many許多, many許多 doctors醫生
who trained熟練 in San Francisco弗朗西斯科 in the '80s,
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但就如同在 80 年代
舊金山受訓的醫師們一樣,
07:46
I also trained熟練 as an AIDS艾滋病 doctor醫生.
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我也是一位愛滋病治療醫師,
07:49
It was a terrible可怕 time.
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那段時間,情況非常糟糕。
07:51
AIDS艾滋病 was a death死亡 sentence句子.
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感染愛滋病等同宣判死亡,
07:54
All my patients耐心 died死亡.
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我所有的愛滋病人都死了。
07:57
Now, things are better,
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現在,情況好轉了,
07:59
but HIVHIV/AIDS艾滋病 remains遺跡
a terrible可怕 global全球 challenge挑戰.
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但愛滋病仍然是全球艱苦的挑戰。
08:04
Worldwide全世界, about 17 million百萬 women婦女
are living活的 with HIVHIV.
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全世界,目前約有1700萬
女人感染愛滋病。
08:10
We know that when these women婦女
become成為 pregnant,
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我們都曉得,當這些女人懷孕時,
08:14
they can transfer轉讓 the virus病毒 to their baby寶寶.
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她們會把病毒傳染給小孩。
08:18
We also know in the absence缺席 of therapy治療,
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我們也清楚,因缺乏治療的方式,
08:20
half those babies嬰兒 will not survive生存
until直到 the age年齡 of two.
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一半的愛滋寶寶活不到 2 歲。
08:25
But we know that antiretroviral抗逆轉錄病毒 therapy治療
can virtually實質上 guarantee保證
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但我們知道抗逆轉錄病毒療法可以保證
08:30
that she will not transmit發送
the virus病毒 to the baby寶寶.
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她們不會把病毒傳染給孩子。
08:33
So what do we do?
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所以,我們要怎麼做?
08:35
Well, a one-size-fits-all一個尺寸適合所有人 approach途徑,
kind of like that blast爆破 of chemo化療,
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我們要找出一個
一體適用的方法,
意思就是要找到一個可以檢測並
治療全世界女人的方法。
08:40
would mean we test測試 and treat對待
every一切 pregnant woman女人 in the world世界.
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08:43
That would do the job工作.
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這樣才能達到目標,
08:45
But it's just not practical實際的.
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但有點不實際。
08:49
So instead代替, we target目標 those areas
where HIVHIV rates利率 are the highest最高.
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所以,我們把目標轉到
愛滋病率最高的區域。
08:55
We know in certain某些 countries國家
in sub-Saharan撒哈拉以南 Africa非洲
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我們知道在撒哈拉南邊的
某些非洲國家有相當高的愛滋病感染率,
08:59
we can test測試 and treat對待 pregnant women婦女
where rates利率 are highest最高.
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我們可以在這裡檢測並
治療到最多的女人。
09:04
This precision精確 approach途徑
to a public上市 health健康 problem問題
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這個針對性的公共醫療方式,
09:07
has cut by nearly幾乎 half
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在最近這五年,解決了將近一大半
09:10
HIVHIV transmission傳輸 from mothers母親 to baby寶寶
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從母親身上傳染愛滋病到
孩童身上的公共醫療問題。
09:13
in the last five years年份.
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09:15
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
09:20
Screening篩選 pregnant women婦女
in certain某些 areas in the developing發展 world世界
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篩檢這些開發中國家懷孕的女人,
09:26
is a powerful強大 example
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充分展示了精準公共醫療
09:29
of how precision精確 public上市 health健康
can change更改 things on a big scale規模.
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可以如何大規模改善現狀。
09:36
So ...
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所以,
09:38
How do we do that?
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我們要怎麼做?
09:39
We can do that because we know.
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因為我們知道,我們做的到。
09:41
We know who to target目標,
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我們知道要治療誰、
09:44
what to target目標,
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要治療甚麼病、
09:45
where to target目標 and how to target目標.
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去哪治療、如何治療。
09:48
And that, for me, are the important重要
elements分子 of precision精確 public上市 health健康:
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對我而言,這些是
精準公共醫療的重要元素:
09:53
who, what, where and how.
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(治療)誰、甚麼、去哪、如何。
09:57
But let's go back
to the 2.6 million百萬 babies嬰兒
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但讓我們回到 260 萬個
活不到一個月的寶寶身上。
10:01
who die before they're one month old.
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10:03
Here's這裡的 the problem問題: we just don't know.
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問題是這樣的:我們只是不了解。
10:06
It may可能 seem似乎 unbelievable難以置信的,
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這聽起來好像不可思議。
10:09
but the way we figure數字 out
the causes原因 of infant嬰兒 mortality死亡
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但我們想到一個方法,
就是直接找
10:14
in those countries國家
with the highest最高 infant嬰兒 mortality死亡
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有最高嬰兒死亡率國家的母親對話。
10:17
is a conversation會話 with mom媽媽.
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10:19
A health健康 worker工人 asks a mom媽媽
who has just lost丟失 her child兒童,
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醫療人員會問
寶寶剛過世的母親一個問題,
10:24
"Was the baby寶寶 vomiting嘔吐?
Did they have a fever發熱?"
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「寶寶有嘔吐嗎?有發高燒嗎?」
10:28
And that conversation會話 may可能 take place地點
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對話也許就在
10:30
as long as three months個月
after the baby寶寶 has died死亡.
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寶寶去世後的三個月。
10:34
Now, put yourself你自己
in the shoes of that mom媽媽.
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現在,各位換位思考一下
那位母親的感受,
10:39
It's a heartbreaking令人心碎,
excruciating痛苦 conversation會話.
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那會是一場多麼令人心碎
與備受折磨的對話啊...
10:43
And even worse更差 -- it's not that helpful有幫助,
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更糟糕的是,這一點也沒有幫助,
10:47
because we might威力 know
there was a fever發熱 or vomiting嘔吐,
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因為,我們只知道
有發燒嘔吐的情況發生,
10:50
but we don't know why.
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但我們不知道為什麼。
10:53
So in the absence缺席 of knowing會心
that knowledge知識,
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因為缺乏這方面的知識,
10:56
we cannot不能 prevent避免 that mom媽媽, that family家庭,
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我們就無法阻止那位母親、家庭
10:59
or other families家庭 in that community社區
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或在那個社區的其他家庭
11:01
from suffering痛苦 the same相同 tragedy悲劇.
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悲劇繼續發生。
11:04
But what if we applied應用的
a precision精確 public上市 health健康 approach途徑?
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但如果我們應用
精準公共醫療的治療方式呢?
11:09
Let's say, for example,
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舉個例子,
11:10
we find out in certain某些 areas of Africa非洲
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我們在非洲發現到某些特定區域,
11:13
that babies嬰兒 are dying垂死
because of a bacterial細菌 infection感染
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有母親傳染細菌給寶寶
而造成寶寶死亡的案例,
11:17
transferred轉入 from the mother母親 to the baby寶寶,
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11:19
known已知 as Group B streptococcus鏈球菌.
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而這細菌也就是
大家所孰悉的 B 型鏈球菌。
11:22
In the absence缺席 of treatment治療,
mom媽媽 has a seven times higher更高 chance機會
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因缺乏治療,這些母親的
下一個寶寶死亡率
11:28
that her next下一個 baby寶寶 will die.
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會比正常高出七倍。
11:32
Once一旦 we define確定 the problem問題,
we can prevent避免 that death死亡
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一旦我們找出問題的核心,
我們就可以利用便宜又安全
11:36
with something as cheap低廉
and safe安全 as penicillin青黴素.
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類似青黴素的藥物來避免死亡。
我們這樣做之後就能夠了解
致病的根本原因,
11:41
We can do that because then we'll know.
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11:45
And that's the point:
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這才是重點:
11:46
once一旦 we know, we can bring帶來
the right interventions干預措施
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一旦我們了解了,
我們就能用正確的治療方式,
11:50
to the right population人口
in the right places地方
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對特定區域的人做精準且即時的治療,
來完成救人的目的。
11:53
to save保存 lives生活.
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11:56
With this approach途徑,
and with these interventions干預措施
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有了這個方法、這些介入的方式
12:00
and others其他 like them,
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及其它類似的方法,
12:02
I have no doubt懷疑
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我深信,
12:04
that a precision精確 public上市 health健康 approach途徑
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精準公共醫療方法
12:07
can help our world世界 achieve實現
our 15-year-年 goal目標.
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可以幫助我們完成 「15 年目標」。
12:11
And that would translate翻譯
into a million百萬 babies'嬰兒 lives生活 saved保存
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我們也可以把它解讀成
每年可以拯救一百萬個寶寶。
12:15
every一切 single year.
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12:18
One million百萬 babies嬰兒 every一切 single year.
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每年一百萬個寶寶。
12:23
And why would we stop there?
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為什麼我們要停下來?
12:26
A much more powerful強大 approach途徑
to public上市 health健康 --
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一個對公眾健康這麼有幫助的方法——
12:29
imagine想像 what might威力 be possible可能.
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想像一下,還有甚麼病
也可以用這種方式來解決?
12:32
Why couldn't不能 we more effectively有效
tackle滑車 malnutrition營養不良?
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為什麼我們不可以更有效地
解決營養不良問題?
12:37
Why wouldn't不會 we prevent避免
cervical頸椎 cancer癌症 in women婦女?
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為什麼我們不能防止
女性的子宮頸癌?
12:42
And why not eradicate根除 malaria瘧疾?
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為什麼不能根除瘧疾?
12:45
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
12:46
Yes, clap for that!
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是的,為這件事用力鼓掌吧!
12:47
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
12:51
So, you know, I live生活
in two different不同 worlds世界,
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各位知道嗎,我們住在
兩個截然不同的世界裡,
12:54
one world世界 populated人口稠密 by scientists科學家們,
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一個世界充滿了科學家,
12:58
and another另一個 world世界 populated人口稠密
by public上市 health健康 professionals專業人士.
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而另一個世界卻
到處是公共醫療專家。
13:03
The promise諾言 of precision精確 public上市 health健康
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精準公共醫療的承諾,
13:05
is to bring帶來 these two worlds世界 together一起.
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就是把這兩個世界結合在一起。
13:08
But you know, we all live生活 in two worlds世界:
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但各位要知道,
我們都住在這兩個世界裡:
13:13
the rich豐富 world世界 and the poor較差的 world世界.
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富人與窮人的世界。
13:17
And what I'm most excited興奮 about
about precision精確 public上市 health健康
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我對精準公共醫療
最興奮的地方,
13:21
is bridging橋接 these two worlds世界.
224
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就是將這兩個世界連結一起。
13:25
Every一切 day in the rich豐富 world世界,
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在富人世界的每一天,
13:28
we're bringing使 incredible難以置信
talent天賦 and tools工具 --
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這些完美的天分與工具,
在我們的掌控下,
13:31
everything at our disposal處置 --
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1959
13:33
to precisely恰恰 target目標 diseases疾病
in ways方法 I never imagined想像
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用前所未有的精準方式
治療富人的疾病。
13:38
would be possible可能.
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13:40
Surely一定, we can tap龍頭 into
that kind of talent天賦 and tools工具
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當然,我們也要運用這些天分與工具
13:45
to stop babies嬰兒 dying垂死 in the poor較差的 world世界.
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來阻止窮人世界寶寶的死亡。
13:49
If we did,
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如果我們能做到,
13:51
then every一切 parent would have
the confidence置信度
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如此,每個爸爸媽媽都可以在
寶寶出生的那一刻,
13:55
to name名稱 their child兒童
the moment時刻 that child兒童 is born天生,
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更有信心地幫寶寶命名,
14:00
daring大膽 to dream夢想 that that child's孩子的 life
will be measured測量 in decades幾十年,
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大膽地夢想寶寶未來的十幾年,
14:06
not days.
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而不是只有幾天而已。
14:08
Thank you.
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謝謝各位!
14:09
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Yi-Fan Yu
Reviewed by Helen Chang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sue Desmond-Hellmann - CEO, Gates Foundation
Sue Desmond-Hellmann leads the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s mission to establish equity for every person.

Why you should listen

As CEO of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Sue Desmond-Hellmann leads the organization's vision for a world where every person has the opportunity to live a healthy, productive life. Drawing on her diverse experience as scientist, physician and business executive, she oversees a variety of missions focused on eradicating disease, poverty and inequity. She leads 1,400 people, across four continents, working in more than 100 countries to help more children and young people survive and thrive, combat infectious diseases that hit the poorest hardest, and empower people -- particularly women and girls -- to transform their lives.

Trained as an oncologist, Dr. Desmond-Hellmann spent 14 years at biotech firm Genentech, developing a number of breakthrough medicines, including two of the first gene-targeted therapies for cancer, Avastin and Herceptin. In November 2009, Forbes magazine named her one of the world's seven most "powerful innovators," calling her "a hero to legions of cancer patients." Her time at Genentech put her at the forefront of the precision medicine revolution, and in her current role she champions a similar approach to global development: precision public health -- getting the right interventions, to the right populations, in the right places, to save lives.

Immediately prior to joining the foundation in 2014, Dr. Desmond-Hellmann was the first female chancellor of the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), overseeing all aspects of the university and medical center's strategy and operations. It was her second stint at UCSF, having completed her clinical training there in the 1980s. She moved to Uganda in 1989 to work on HIV/AIDS and cancer, which she credits as a turning point in her career. "It was so profound to recognize ... that all the learning I had done to become a doctor didn't matter at all if I didn’t make a contribution," she said.

Dr. Desmond-Hellmann is the recipient of numerous honors and awards. She was listed among Fortune magazine's "50 most powerful women in business" for seven years. In 2010, she was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and elected to the Institute of Medicine. She serves on the boards of directors at Facebook Inc. and the Procter & Gamble Company.

More profile about the speaker
Sue Desmond-Hellmann | Speaker | TED.com