TEDSummit 2019
Nicola Sturgeon: Why governments should prioritize well-being
尼可拉·施特金: 為什麼政府應該把安康放在優先的位置
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2018 年，蘇格蘭、冰島、紐西蘭建立了安康經濟政府的互聯組織，來挑戰現在大家都接受用國內生產總值來衡量國家是否成功的現況。在這場充滿遠景的演說中，蘇格蘭首席部長尼可拉·施特金解譯了「安康經濟」的深遠意涵：把薪資平等、兒童照護、心理健康、能否取得綠色空間等因子放在核心，並且說明這種新的焦點如何能協助建立決心，對抗全球的挑戰。
Nicola Sturgeon - First Minister of Scotland
As the first woman to hold the office of First Minister of Scotland, Nicola Sturgeon is an important progressive and feminist voice in the governance of the United Kingdom. Full bio
As the first woman to hold the office of First Minister of Scotland, Nicola Sturgeon is an important progressive and feminist voice in the governance of the United Kingdom. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Just over a mile away from here,
in Edinburgh's Old Town,
in Edinburgh's Old Town,
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離這裡大約一英里，
在愛丁堡的舊城裡，
在愛丁堡的舊城裡，
00:18
is Panmure House.
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有一間房子叫潘穆爾之家。
00:21
Panmure House
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潘穆爾之家
00:23
was the home of the world-renowned
Scottish economist
Scottish economist
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是世界知名的
蘇格蘭經濟學家亞當史密斯的故居。
00:29
Adam Smith.
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00:31
In his important work
"The Wealth of Nations,"
"The Wealth of Nations,"
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在他的重要著作《國富論》當中，
00:37
Adam Smith argued,
amongst many other things,
amongst many other things,
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亞當史密斯的主張之一就是
00:41
that the measurement of a country's wealth
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國家財富的衡量標準
00:44
was not just its gold and silver reserves.
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並不只是它所保有的金子和銀子。
00:48
It was the totality of the country's
production and commerce.
production and commerce.
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國家的生產及商業全都包含在內。
00:54
I guess it was one of the earliest
descriptions of what we now know today
descriptions of what we now know today
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我想，這是關於現在所謂的
國內生產總值（GDP）
國內生產總值（GDP）
01:00
as gross domestic product, GDP.
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最早的描述之一。
01:05
Now, in the years since, of course,
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當然，從那之後開始，
01:08
that measurement
of production and commerce, GDP,
of production and commerce, GDP,
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生產和商業的衡量標準，
即國內生產總值，
即國內生產總值，
01:13
has become ever more important,
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就變得更加重要了，
01:16
to the point that today --
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重要的程度到了——我並不認為
這是亞當史密斯的本意——
這是亞當史密斯的本意——
01:18
and I don't believe this
is what Adam Smith would have intended --
is what Adam Smith would have intended --
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01:21
that it is often seen as
the most important measurement
the most important measurement
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現在它通常都被視為是
國家整體成功的最重要衡量標準。
01:27
of a country's overall success.
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01:30
And my argument today
is that it is time for that to change.
is that it is time for that to change.
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今天，我的論點是：
該是改變的時候了。
該是改變的時候了。
01:36
You know, what we choose to measure
as a country matters.
as a country matters.
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要知道，我們選擇用來衡量
國家的測量標準是很重要的。
國家的測量標準是很重要的。
01:41
It really matters,
because it drives political focus,
because it drives political focus,
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真的很重要，因為
它會影響政治的焦點，
它會影響政治的焦點，
01:46
it drives public activity.
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影響公眾活動。
01:50
And against that context,
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在這樣的情況下，
01:52
I think the limitations of GDP
as a measurement of a country's success
as a measurement of a country's success
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我認為，用國內生產總值
來衡量國家的成功，
來衡量國家的成功，
01:59
are all too obvious.
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很明顯是非常局限的。
02:02
You know, GDP measures
the output of all of our work,
the output of all of our work,
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要知道，國內生產總值
測量的是我們所有工作的產出，
測量的是我們所有工作的產出，
02:07
but it says nothing
about the nature of that work,
about the nature of that work,
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但它完全沒有提到
那些工作的本質是什麼、
那些工作的本質是什麼、
02:10
about whether that work
is worthwhile or fulfilling.
is worthwhile or fulfilling.
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那些工作是否值得或讓人滿足。
02:15
It puts a value, for example,
on illegal drug consumption,
on illegal drug consumption,
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比如，它賦予非法毒品的消費價值，
02:21
but not on unpaid care.
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但不給無報酬的照護價值。
02:25
It values activity in the short term
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它重視能夠促進經濟的短期活動，
02:30
that boosts the economy,
even if that activity is hugely damaging
even if that activity is hugely damaging
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即使那些活動會大大損害
02:37
to the sustainability of our planet
in the longer term.
in the longer term.
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長期來看的地球永續性。
02:42
And we reflect on the past decade
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我們反思過去十年
02:46
of political and economic upheaval,
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在政治和經濟上的動蕩、
02:49
of growing inequalities,
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越來越嚴重的不平等，
02:52
and when we look ahead to the challenges
of the climate emergency,
of the climate emergency,
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當我們看向未來的挑戰，
如氣候的緊急狀況、
如氣候的緊急狀況、
02:58
increasing automation,
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自動化增加、
03:00
an aging population,
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人口老化，
我認為贊同擴大
03:03
then I think the argument for the case
for a much broader definition
for a much broader definition
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國家社會成功之定義的論點
03:10
of what it means to be successful
as a country, as a society,
as a country, as a society,
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越來越引人注目。
03:15
is compelling, and increasingly so.
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03:19
And that is why Scotland, in 2018,
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那就是為什麼在 2018 年蘇格蘭
03:22
took the lead, took the initiative
in establishing a new network
in establishing a new network
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帶頭建立一個新的互聯組織，
03:27
called the Wellbeing Economy
Governments group,
Governments group,
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叫做安康經濟政府團體，
03:32
bringing together as founding members
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創始會員國包括
03:35
the countries of Scotland, Iceland
and New Zealand, for obvious reasons.
and New Zealand, for obvious reasons.
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蘇格蘭、冰島、紐西蘭，原因很明顯。
03:41
We're sometimes called the SIN countries,
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我們有時會被稱為是 SIN
（罪，三國的字首）國家，
（罪，三國的字首）國家，
03:45
although our focus is very much
on the common good.
on the common good.
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不過我們聚焦於共同的利益。
03:50
And the purpose of this group
is to challenge that focus
is to challenge that focus
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這個團體的目的是要挑戰
將焦點放在國內生產總值的
狹隘測量方式的現況。
狹隘測量方式的現況。
03:53
on the narrow measurement of GDP.
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03:56
To say that, yes,
economic growth matters --
economic growth matters --
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是的，經濟成長是很要緊——
04:00
it is important --
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它很重要——
04:02
but it is not all that is important.
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但重要的不只是它。
04:05
And growth in GDP should not be pursued
at any or all cost.
at any or all cost.
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不應該不計代價來追求
國內生產總值的成長。
國內生產總值的成長。
04:12
In fact, the argument of that group
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事實上，該團體的論點是，
04:15
is that the goal, the objective
of economic policy
of economic policy
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經濟政策的目標、方針
04:20
should be collective well-being:
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應該是集體的安康：
04:23
how happy and healthy a population is,
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人民有多快樂、健康，
04:27
not just how wealthy a population is.
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而不只是人民有多富裕。
04:30
And I'll touch on the policy
implications of that in a moment.
implications of that in a moment.
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我等一下就會談到政策的意涵。
04:34
But I think, particularly
in the world we live in today,
in the world we live in today,
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但，我認為，特別是在
我們現今的世界上，
我們現今的世界上，
04:37
it has a deeper resonance.
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它還有更深的反響。
04:39
You know, when we focus on well-being,
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要知道，當我們
把焦點放在安康上，
把焦點放在安康上，
04:42
we start a conversation
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我們就開始了對談，
04:44
that provokes profound
and fundamental questions.
and fundamental questions.
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這對談能夠激起
深刻且根本的問題。
深刻且根本的問題。
04:48
What really matters to us in our lives?
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在我們的人生中，重要的是什麼？
04:52
What do we value
in the communities we live in?
in the communities we live in?
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在我們所居住的社區中，
我們重視的是什麼？
我們重視的是什麼？
04:57
What kind of country,
what kind of society,
what kind of society,
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我們真正想要成為的國家、社會，
05:01
do we really want to be?
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是什麼樣子的？
05:03
And when we engage people
in those questions,
in those questions,
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當我們讓大家去想那些問題，
05:07
in finding the answers to those questions,
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試圖得到那些問題的答案時，
05:09
then I believe that we have
a much better chance
a much better chance
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我相信我們就更有機會
05:13
of addressing the alienation
and disaffection from politics
and disaffection from politics
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處理對政治疏離、不滿的議題，
05:18
that is so prevalent in so many countries
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那些議題在已開發世界中的
05:21
across the developed world today.
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許多國家都很普遍。
05:24
In policy terms, this journey
for Scotland started back in 2007,
for Scotland started back in 2007,
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在政策方面，蘇格蘭的
這趟旅程始於 2007 年，
這趟旅程始於 2007 年，
05:28
when we published what we call
our National Performance Framework,
our National Performance Framework,
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當時我們推出了所謂的國家表現框架，
05:32
looking at the range of indicators
that we measure ourselves against.
that we measure ourselves against.
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透過許多不同的指標
來衡量我們自己。
來衡量我們自己。
05:35
And those indicators
are as varied as income inequality,
are as varied as income inequality,
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那些指標很多樣化，
比如收入不平等、
比如收入不平等、
05:40
the happiness of children,
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孩童的快樂程度、
05:42
access to green spaces, access to housing.
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能否取得綠地、能否取得住房。
05:45
None of these are captured
in GDP statistics,
in GDP statistics,
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國內生產總值的統計
並未納入這些指標，
並未納入這些指標，
05:49
but they are all fundamental
to a healthy and a happy society.
to a healthy and a happy society.
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但這些是健康快樂社會的根本指標。
那種更廣泛的...
05:56
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
06:01
And that broader approach is at the heart
of our economic strategy,
of our economic strategy,
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那種更廣泛的方法，
是我們經濟策略的核心，
是我們經濟策略的核心，
06:05
where we give equal importance
to tackling inequality
to tackling inequality
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在核心，我們對於
處理不平等的重視程度
處理不平等的重視程度
06:09
as we do to economic competitiveness.
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和經濟競爭力的
重視程度是相同的。
重視程度是相同的。
06:12
It drives our commitment to fair work,
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它會驅使我們做出
公平工作的承諾，
公平工作的承諾，
06:14
making sure that work
is fulfilling and well-paid.
is fulfilling and well-paid.
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且確保那工作能夠
實現抱負、有適當報償。
實現抱負、有適當報償。
06:17
It's behind our decision to establish
a Just Transition Commission
a Just Transition Commission
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它是我們決定要建立
公正轉型委員會的背後支柱，
公正轉型委員會的背後支柱，
06:21
to guide our path
to a carbon zero economy.
to a carbon zero economy.
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引領我們的路，
朝向零碳經濟邁進。
朝向零碳經濟邁進。
06:25
We know from economic
transformations of the past
transformations of the past
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從過去的經濟轉型中我們可以知道，
06:28
that if we're not careful,
there are more losers than winners.
there are more losers than winners.
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如果我們不夠小心，
輸家會比贏家還多。
輸家會比贏家還多。
06:32
And as we face up to the challenges
of climate change and automation,
of climate change and automation,
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在我們勇敢對付氣候變遷
和自動化的挑戰時，
和自動化的挑戰時，
06:36
we must not make those mistakes again.
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我們不能再犯同樣的錯誤。
06:40
The work we're doing here in Scotland
is, I think, significant,
is, I think, significant,
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我認為，我們在蘇格蘭
所做的努力是非常重要的，
所做的努力是非常重要的，
06:43
but we have much, much to learn
from other countries.
from other countries.
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但我們還有很多很多
要向其他國家學習的地方。
要向其他國家學習的地方。
06:46
I mentioned, a moment ago,
our partner nations
our partner nations
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我剛才有提到，
我們在安康網路上的夥伴國：
06:50
in the Wellbeing network:
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06:52
Iceland and New Zealand.
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冰島和紐西蘭。
06:54
It's worth noting, and I'll leave it to you
to decide whether this is relevant or not,
to decide whether this is relevant or not,
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有一點值得注意的，且我想讓各位
自行判斷它是否有重要性：
自行判斷它是否有重要性：
06:58
that all three of these countries
are currently led by women.
are currently led by women.
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那就是，這三個國家
目前的領導人都是女性。
目前的領導人都是女性。
07:02
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
（掌聲結束）
07:14
They, too, are doing great work.
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他們也都在做很棒的事。
07:15
New Zealand, in 2019,
publishing its first Wellbeing Budget,
publishing its first Wellbeing Budget,
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2019 年，紐西蘭公佈了
其第一份安康預算，
其第一份安康預算，
07:20
with mental health at its heart;
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預算的核心是心理健康；
07:23
Iceland leading the way on equal pay,
childcare and paternity rights --
childcare and paternity rights --
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冰島在薪水平等、兒童照護，
和父親權利上帶頭打先鋒——
和父親權利上帶頭打先鋒——
07:28
not policies that we immediately think of
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這些都不是我們在談論
創造富裕經濟時
創造富裕經濟時
07:32
when we talk about
creating a wealthy economy,
creating a wealthy economy,
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會立即想到的政策，
07:35
but policies that are fundamental
to a healthy economy
to a healthy economy
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卻是對於健康經濟與快樂社會而言
很重要的基本政策。
07:39
and a happy society.
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07:42
I started with Adam Smith
and "The Wealth of Nations."
and "The Wealth of Nations."
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我用亞當史密斯的
《國富論》當作開頭。
《國富論》當作開頭。
07:47
In Adam Smith's earlier work,
"The Theory of Moral Sentiments,"
"The Theory of Moral Sentiments,"
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在亞當史密斯更早的作品
《道德情操論》中，
《道德情操論》中，
07:52
which I think is just as important,
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我認為這部作品也同等重要，
07:54
he made the observation
that the value of any government
that the value of any government
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他觀察到，任何政府的價值
都可以根據該政府讓其人民
快樂的程度來依比例推斷出來。
快樂的程度來依比例推斷出來。
07:59
is judged in proportion
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08:01
to the extent that it makes
its people happy.
its people happy.
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我認為，對於著重推動安康的
任何國家團體而言，
任何國家團體而言，
08:04
I think that is a good founding principle
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08:08
for any group of countries
focused on promoting well-being.
focused on promoting well-being.
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這都是一條很好的成立原則。
08:14
None of us have all of the answers,
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沒有人擁有所有的答案，
08:17
not even Scotland,
the birthplace of Adam Smith.
the birthplace of Adam Smith.
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連亞當史密斯的出生地
蘇格蘭也沒有。
蘇格蘭也沒有。
08:20
But in the world we live in today,
with growing divides and inequalities,
with growing divides and inequalities,
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但，在現今我們所居住的世界上，
隨著分裂和不平等加劇，
隨著分裂和不平等加劇，
08:25
with disaffection and alienation,
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隨著不滿和疏遠發生，
08:28
it is more important than ever
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比以往更重要的是，
08:29
that we ask and find the answers
to those questions
to those questions
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我們要問那些問題，並找到答案，
08:33
and promote a vision of society
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我們推動的願景是以安康
08:37
that has well-being,
not just wealth, at its very heart.
not just wealth, at its very heart.
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而非僅僅以富裕為核心的社會。
08:44
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
08:49
You are right now in the beautiful,
sunny capital city ...
sunny capital city ...
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現在，各位在一個美麗、
陽光普照的首都城市……
陽光普照的首都城市……
08:55
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
08:57
of the country that led the world
in the Enlightenment,
in the Enlightenment,
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這個國家在啟蒙運動中領導世界，
09:02
the country that helped lead the world
into the industrial age,
into the industrial age,
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這個國家協助引領
世界進入工業時代，
世界進入工業時代，
09:05
the country that right now
is helping to lead the world
is helping to lead the world
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這個國家現在正協助引領世界
09:08
into the low carbon age.
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進入低碳時代。
09:10
I want, and I'm determined,
that Scotland will also be the country
that Scotland will also be the country
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我希望且確信蘇格蘭也會
協助全世界的國家與政府改變焦點，
09:16
that helps change the focus of countries
and governments across the world
and governments across the world
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09:21
to put well-being at the heart
of everything that we do.
of everything that we do.
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將安康放在我們所有作為的核心。
09:25
I think we owe that to this generation.
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我認為，為了當代人
我們應該這樣做；
我們應該這樣做；
09:29
I certainly believe we owe that
to the next generation
to the next generation
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我也確信，為了下一代人
和以後的世世代代，
和以後的世世代代，
09:33
and all those that come after us.
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我們也應該這樣做。
09:35
And if we do that, led here
from the country of the Enlightenment,
from the country of the Enlightenment,
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如果我們能夠以啟蒙運動的
領導國家之姿來領導，
領導國家之姿來領導，
09:39
then I think we create
a better, healthier, fairer
a better, healthier, fairer
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那麼，我認為我們可以
在我們的家園上創造出一個更好、
在我們的家園上創造出一個更好、
更健康、更公平、且更快樂的社會。
09:43
and happier society here at home.
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09:46
And we play our part in Scotland
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我們在蘇格蘭扮演我們的角色，
09:48
in building a fairer,
happier world as well.
happier world as well.
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也要建立一個更公平、
更快樂的世界。
更快樂的世界。
09:52
Thank you very much.
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非常謝謝。
09:53
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nicola Sturgeon - First Minister of ScotlandAs the first woman to hold the office of First Minister of Scotland, Nicola Sturgeon is an important progressive and feminist voice in the governance of the United Kingdom.
Why you should listen
In November 2014, Nicola Sturgeon was elected as the first female leader of the Scottish National Party. Days later, she was sworn in as the country's first woman First Minister. Soon after her election, she appointed a cabinet boasting a 50/50 gender balance.
As head of the Scottish government, Sturgeon is responsible for her administration's policies and for promoting and representing Scotland both at home and overseas.
Sturgeon entered the Scottish Parliament as a regional MSP for Glasgow in 1999. She is currently MSP for Glasgow Southside. Sturgeon served as Cabinet Secretary for Health and Wellbeing between 2007 and 2012, and then Cabinet Secretary for Infrastructure, Investment and Cities until November 2014. Throughout this period she also served as Deputy First Minister of Scotland.
Nicola Sturgeon | Speaker | TED.com