ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Emily Rothman - Public health researcher
Boston University professor Emily F. Rothman is a leading public health scholar on sexually explicit media and its impact on adolescent dating relationships.

Why you should listen

Emily F. Rothman has conducted multiple research studies with teenage participants to identify what they view, when, why and how it may affect them. She also co-designed and co-taught the first course on pornography at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and partnered with the Boston Public Health Commission to create a "pornography literacy curriculum" for teenagers. Rothman has led several federally-funded research projects sponsored by the NIH, the National Institute of Justice and various foundations in an effort to help identify causes and consequences of adolescent dating aggression, sexual assault and human trafficking. She also founded and served as Chair of the Violence and Trauma special interest group at the Society for Behavioral Medicine, authored a report on batterer intervention programs for the World Health Organization and is an appointed member of the Massachusetts Governor's Council on Sexual and Domestic Violence.

More profile about the speaker
Emily Rothman | Speaker | TED.com
TEDMED 2018

Emily F. Rothman: How porn changes the way teens think about sex

艾蜜莉 F. 羅斯曼: 色情如何改變青少年對於性的想法

Filmed:
2,440,511 views

「免費、線上的主流色情產品,是青少年最有可能看見的類型,它完全是一種非常糟糕的性教育形式。」公共衛生研究者艾蜜莉 F. 羅斯曼說。她分享了她的使命-終結約會暴力和性暴力-如何引導她去創造出一個分析色情產品的知識課程,來協助青少年學習同意和尊重-並請他們對露骨的性產業媒體做出嚴謹、批判性的思考。
- Public health researcher
Boston University professor Emily F. Rothman is a leading public health scholar on sexually explicit media and its impact on adolescent dating relationships. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
[This talk contains包含 mature成熟 content內容]
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〔本演說含有成人內容〕
00:17
Six years年份 ago,
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六年前,
00:18
I discovered發現 something that scientists科學家們
have been wanting希望 to know for years年份.
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我發現了某件科學家多年來
一直想要知道的事。
00:23
How do you capture捕獲 the attention注意
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你如何吸引滿屋子中
00:25
of a roomful屋子 of extremely非常 bored無聊 teenagers青少年?
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無聊透頂的青少年們的注意力?
00:29
It turns out all you have to do
is mention提到 the word pornography色情.
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結果發現,你只要做一件事,
就是提到「色情」這個詞。
00:33
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
00:34
Let me tell you how I first learned學到了 this.
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讓我告訴你最初我是怎麼發現的。
00:37
In 2012, I was sitting坐在 in a crowded room房間
full充分 of high school學校 students學生們
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2012 年,我坐在一間
滿是高中生的擁擠房間中,
00:41
who were attending出席
an after-school放學後 program程序 in Boston波士頓.
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他們是去參加個課後活動,
地點在波士頓。
00:43
And my job工作, as guest客人 speaker揚聲器 for the day,
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身為當天的客座講者,我的工作
00:46
was to inspire啟發 them to think
about how exciting扣人心弦 it would be
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就是要鼓勵他們去思考
投入公共衛生的職涯
是多麼讓人興奮。
00:49
to have a career事業 in public上市 health健康.
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00:52
The problem問題 was,
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問題是,
00:53
as I looked看著 at their faces面孔,
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當我看著他們的臉,
00:54
I could see that their eyes眼睛
were glazing上光 over,
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我看得出來他們目光呆滯,
00:57
and they were just tuning調音 out.
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他們已經充耳不聞。
00:59
It didn't even matter that I wore穿著
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即使那天我穿著自認為很酷的服裝,
01:01
what I thought was
my cool outfit配備 that day.
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也沒有任何幫助。
01:05
I was just losing失去 my audience聽眾.
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我就要失去我的聽眾了。
01:07
So, then one of the two adults成年人
who worked工作 for the program程序 said,
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於是,成年活動工作人員的
兩者之一問道:
01:11
"Aren't是不是 you doing some research研究
about pornography色情?
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「你不是有做一些關於色情的研究嗎?
01:13
Maybe tell them about that."
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也許可以跟他們談那些。」
01:16
All of a sudden突然, that room房間
full充分 of high school學校 students學生們 exploded爆炸
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突然,那間滿是高中生的房間
歡聲雷動,大家互相擊掌。
01:20
into laughter笑聲, high fives五歲以下兒童.
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01:22
I think there were some
loud hooting倒彩 noises噪音.
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我認為還有一些很大的噓叫聲。
01:25
And all anyone任何人 had doneDONE
was say that one word -- pornography色情.
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一切都只是因為有人說了
「色情」這個詞。
01:30
That moment時刻 would prove證明 to be
an important重要 turning車削 point
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事實證明,那一刻
是個重要的轉捩點,
01:32
for me and my professional專業的 mission任務
of finding發現 solutions解決方案
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改變了我和我專業使命:
找出終結約會暴力
和性暴力的解決方案。
01:35
to end結束 dating約會 and sexual有性 violence暴力.
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01:38
At that point, I'd been working加工
for more than a decade
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那時,我已經投入十多年的時間
01:41
on this seemingly似乎 intractable棘手 problem問題
of dating約會 violence暴力.
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在處理看似很棘手的約會暴力問題。
01:45
Data數據 from the US Centers中心
for Disease疾病 Control控制 and Prevention預防
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美國疾病管制與預防中心的資料顯示,
01:48
demonstrate演示 that one in five
high school-attending學校參加 youth青年
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每年在美國,每五位高中生就有一位
01:52
experience經驗 physical物理 and/or sexual有性 abuse濫用
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會遭到約會對象
施以身體及/或性虐待。
01:56
by a dating約會 partner夥伴 each year in the US.
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01:59
That makes品牌 dating約會 violence暴力 more prevalent流行
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在同樣的年輕族群中,
02:02
than being存在 bullied欺負 on school學校 property屬性,
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約會暴力比在校內的霸凌還更普遍,
02:04
seriously認真地 considering考慮 suicide自殺,
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也多過慎重思考想要自殺
或甚至抽電子香菸的人數比例。
02:07
or even vaping蒸汽,
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02:08
in that same相同 population人口.
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02:10
But solutions解決方案 were proving證明 elusive難以捉摸.
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但已證明很難找到解決方案。
02:13
And I was working加工 with a research研究 team球隊
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我和一個研究團隊合作,
02:15
that was hunting狩獵
for novel小說 answers答案 to the question:
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該團隊的宗旨是在為
這個問題找出新穎的答案:
02:18
What's causing造成 dating約會 abuse濫用,
and how do we stop it?
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造成約會暴力的原因為何
以及我們要如何阻止它?
02:22
One of the research研究 studies學習
that we were working加工 on at the time
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當時我們所進行的一個研究項目
02:25
happened發生 to include包括
a few少數 questions問題 about pornography色情.
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剛好涵蓋了幾個和色情有關的問題。
02:28
And something unexpected意外
was emerging新興 from our findings發現.
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從我們的研究結果中,
發現了未預期的現象。
02:32
Eleven十一 percent百分 of the teen青少年
girls女孩 in our sample樣品
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我們的樣本中有 11% 的青少女
02:36
reported報導 that they had been
forced被迫 or threatened受威脅
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據報說她們曾經被強迫或遭威脅
02:39
to do sexual有性 things that
the perpetrator肇事者 saw in pornography色情.
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去做犯罪者在色情產品中
看過的性行為。
02:44
That got me curious好奇.
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那激起了我的好奇心。
02:46
Was pornography色情 to blame
for any percentage百分比 of dating約會 violence暴力?
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約會暴力要歸咎於色情產品嗎?
02:51
Or was it more like a coincidence巧合
that the pornography色情 users用戶
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還是恰巧色情產品的使用者
02:55
also happen發生 to be more likely容易
to be in unhealthy不良 relationships關係?
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更可能是處於不健康關係的那些人?
02:59
I investigated調查 by reading
everything that I could
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我藉著閱讀同儕審查的文獻,
03:02
from the peer-reviewed同行評審 literature文學,
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03:04
and by conducting開展 my own擁有 research研究.
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和自己所進行的研究,
來調查、探討這些問題。
03:06
I wanted to know
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我想知道,年輕人看的
是哪種露骨的色情媒體、
03:08
what kinds of sexually explicit明確的 media媒體
youth青年 were watching觀看,
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03:10
and how often經常 and why,
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觀看的次數、原因,
03:12
and see if I could piece together一起
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想知道我能不能拼湊出色情是否是
03:14
if it was part部分 of the reason原因
that for so many許多 of them
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這麼多年輕人的約會關係
顯然不健康的原因之一。
03:16
dating約會 relationships關係
were apparently顯然地 unhealthy不良.
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03:20
As I read, I tried試著 to keep an open打開 mind心神,
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我在閱讀時,盡量保持開放心態,
03:24
even though雖然 there were
plenty豐富 of members會員 of the public上市
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即使有很多社會大眾
03:26
who'd誰願意 already已經 made製作 up
their mind心神 about the issue問題.
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對於這個議題已經自有定見。
03:29
Why would I keep an open打開 mind心神
about pornography色情?
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我為什麼要對色情保持開放心態?
03:33
Well, I'm a trained熟練 social社會 scientist科學家,
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我是位訓練有素的社會科學家,
03:35
so it's my job工作 to be objective目的.
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所以我的工作就是要保持客觀。
03:38
But I'm also what people
call sex-positive性別陽性.
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但,我也有所謂積極正面的性態度。
03:42
That means手段 that
I fully充分 support支持 people's人們 right
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意思就是,我完全支持人們有權
03:45
to enjoy請享用 whatever隨你 kind of sex性別 life
and sexuality性慾 they find fulfilling履行,
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享受他們自己覺得很滿足的
那種性生活和性行為,
03:50
no matter what it involves涉及,
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不論是怎樣的,
只要得到參與各方的熱情同意即可。
03:52
as long as it includes包括
the enthusiastic熱情 consent同意
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03:55
of all parties派對 involved參與.
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03:57
That said, I personally親自 wasn't inclined
towards watching觀看 pornography色情.
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即使如此,我個人
並不傾向去看色情片。
04:02
I'd seen看到 some, didn't really
do anything for me.
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我看過一些,對我沒起什麼作用。
04:05
And as a mom媽媽 of two
soon-to-be即將會 teenage青少年 children孩子,
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身為兩個即將踏入青少年小孩的媽,
04:08
I had my own擁有 concerns關注
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我有我個人的擔憂,
04:10
about what seeing眼看 pornography色情
could do to them.
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擔心看色情產品
會對他們造成什麼影響。
04:14
I noticed注意到 that while
there were a lot of people
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我注意到,雖然
有很多人會譴責色情產品,
04:16
who were denouncing譴責 pornography色情,
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04:18
there were also people
who were staunch堅定 defenders捍衛者 of it
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但也有出於各種理由
而非常堅定捍衛著它的守護者。
04:20
for a variety品種 of reasons原因.
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04:22
So in my scholarly書香 exploration勘探,
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在我的學術探索中,
04:25
I genuinely真正的 tried試著 to understand理解:
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我真的想要了解:
04:28
Was pornography色情 bad for you
or was it good for you?
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色情對你是有好處還是壞處?
04:32
Was it misogynist厭惡 or was it empowering授權?
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它是在仇視女性,
還是能賦權給女性?
04:36
And there was not one singular單數 answer回答
that emerged出現 clearly明確地.
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沒有單一個答案清楚浮現。
04:41
There was one longitudinal study研究
that had me really worried擔心,
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有一項縱貫性研究真的讓我很擔心,
04:44
that showed顯示 that teenagers青少年
who saw pornography色情
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該研究顯示,看了色情片的青少年
04:48
were subsequently後來 more likely容易
to perpetrate sexual有性 violence暴力.
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之後更有可能犯下性暴力的罪行。
04:51
But the design設計 of the study研究
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但該研究的設計並沒有辦法
導出明確因果關係的結論。
04:53
didn't allow允許 for definitive明確
causal因果 conclusions結論.
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04:56
And there were other studies學習
that did not find
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還有其他研究,並沒有發現
青春期接觸色情產品
會和某種負面的結果有關。
04:59
that adolescent青少年 pornography色情 use
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05:01
was associated相關 with certain某些
negative outcomes結果.
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即便如此,還是有其他研究
發現它和負面結果有關。
05:04
Even though雖然 there were other studies學習
that did find that.
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05:06
But as I spoke to other experts專家,
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但我和其他專家談過,
05:08
I felt tremendous巨大 pressure壓力
to pick a side about pornography色情.
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要我針對色情選邊站,
我感到很大的壓力。
05:14
Join加入 one team球隊 or the other.
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加入這隊或另一隊。
05:16
I was even told that
it was weak-minded弱智 of me
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甚至有人告訴我,我心智薄弱
05:19
not to be able能夠 to pick out the one
correct正確 answer回答 about pornography色情.
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才會無法針對色情選出一個正確答案。
05:24
And it was complicated複雜,
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這很複雜,
05:25
because there is an industry行業
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因為有一個產業
05:28
that is capitalizing資本
off of audience's觀眾的 fascination魅力
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是靠著觀眾對女性的迷戀
與幻想來賺大錢,
05:31
with seeing眼看 women婦女, in particular特定,
not just having sex性別,
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特別的是,不僅僅只是性行為,
05:36
but being存在 chocked楔子, gagged堵嘴, slapped耳光,
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還有被掐住、被塞住嘴巴、
被賞巴掌、被吐口水、被射精,
05:41
spit upon, ejaculated射精 upon,
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05:44
called degrading降解 names
over and over during sex性別,
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在性行為過程中不斷地
用卑劣的用語辱罵女性,
05:48
and not always clearly明確地 with their consent同意.
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且不見得都有明確得到她們的同意。
05:51
Most people would agree同意
that we have a serious嚴重 problem問題
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大部分人會認同,
我們在這個國家中
05:55
with misogyny厭女症, sexual有性 violence暴力
and rape強姦 in this country國家,
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有仇視女性、性暴力,
和強暴的嚴重問題,
05:59
and pornography色情 probably大概
isn't helping幫助 with any of that.
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而色情產品可能一點忙也沒幫到。
06:03
And a critically危重 important重要
problem問題 to me was that
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對我來說,有個非常重要的問題,
06:06
for more than a century世紀,
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超過一世紀之久,
06:08
the anti-pornography反色情 position位置
had been used as a pretext托詞
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反色情的立場都一直被用來當作
06:12
for discriminating鑑別
against反對 gays同性戀者 and lesbians女同志
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歧視男同志和女同志,
06:16
or people who have kinks扭結 or have fetishes戀物癖.
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或有怪癖或戀物傾向的人的藉口。
06:18
So I could see why, on the one hand,
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一方面,我能理解為什麼
06:20
we might威力 be very worried擔心 about
the messages消息 that pornography色情 is sending發出,
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我們會非常擔心色情產品傳遞的訊息,
06:25
and on the other hand,
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另一方面,
06:26
why we might威力 be really worried擔心
about going overboard落水 indicting起訴 it.
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也能理解為什麼
我們會擔心過分控訴它。
06:30
For the next下一個 two years年份,
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在接下來兩年,
06:32
I looked看著 into every一切 scary害怕,
horrifying可怕的 claim要求 that I could find
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我去研究了我所能找到的
各種可怕、嚇人的主張,
06:37
about the average平均 age年齡
at which哪一個 people first see pornography色情,
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都是關於大家第一次
接觸到色情產品的平均年齡,
06:41
or what it does to their brains大腦
or their sexuality性慾.
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或者它對他們的大腦
或性行為造成什麼影響。
06:45
Here's這裡的 what I have to report報告 back.
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我所得到的資訊如下。
06:47
The free自由, online線上, mainstream主流 pornography色情,
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免費、線上的主流色情產品,
06:51
that's the kind that teenagers青少年
are most likely容易 to see,
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那是青少年最可能會看見的類型,
06:54
is a completely全然 terrible可怕 form形成
of sex性別 education教育.
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它是一種最糟糕的性教育形式。
06:58
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
07:03
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
07:08
But that's not what it was intended for.
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但它原本的目就不是要教導性教育。
07:12
And it probably大概 is not
instantly即刻 poisoning中毒 their minds頭腦
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它可能也不會馬上毒害他們的大腦,
07:17
or turning車削 them into compulsive強迫 users用戶,
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或者將他們變成強迫型使用者,
有些倡導家會試圖
用上述這些說詞來說服各位。
07:19
the way that some ideologues空想家
would have you believe.
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07:22
It's a rare罕見 person who doesn't see
some pornography色情 in their youth青年.
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只有很少數的人在年輕時
沒有看過色情作品。
07:27
By the time they're 18 years年份 old,
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到了十八歲時,
07:29
93 percent百分 of first year college學院 males男性
and 62 percent百分 of females女性
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大學新鮮人中,
93% 男性和 62% 女性
07:34
have seen看到 pornography色情 at least最小 once一旦.
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都至少看過一次色情作品。
07:37
And though雖然 people like to say
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雖然大家會說
07:38
that the internet互聯網 has made製作
pornography色情 ubiquitous普及,
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網路讓色情無所不在,
07:42
or basically基本上 guarantees擔保
that any young年輕 child兒童
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或基本上保證任何一個孩子
07:46
who's誰是 handed a smartphone手機
is definitely無疑 going to see pornography色情,
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只要有智慧手機
就一定會看到色情片,
07:50
data數據 don't really support支持 that.
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資料並不支持這種說法。
07:52
A nationally國內 representative代表 study研究
found發現 that in the year 2000
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一項有全國代表性的研究
發現,在 2000 年,
07:56
16 percent百分 of 10-to--至-13-year-old-歲 youth青年
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十到十三歲的孩子中,有 16%
07:59
reported報導 that they'd他們會 seen看到
pornography色情 in the past過去 year.
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說他們在去年有看過色情作品。
08:02
And by 2010, that figure數字 had increased增加.
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到了 2010 年,那個數字增加了。
08:06
But only to 30 percent百分.
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但只增加到 30%。
08:07
So it wasn't everybody每個人.
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所以不是每個人都會。
08:10
Our problems問題 with adolescents青少年
and sexual有性 violence暴力 perpetration實施
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青少年和性暴力犯罪的問題
08:14
is not only because of pornography色情.
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並不只是因為色情。
08:16
In fact事實, a recent最近 study研究
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事實上,一項近期的研究發現
08:18
found發現 that adolescents青少年
are more likely容易 to see sexualized性化 images圖片
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青少年更有可能
在色情產品以外的
其他類型媒體上看到色情圖像。
08:21
in other kinds of media媒體
besides除了 pornography色情.
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08:25
Think about all those
sexualized性化 video視頻 games遊戲,
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想想看那些含有性暗示的電玩遊戲,
08:28
or TV電視 shows節目, or music音樂 videos視頻.
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或者電視節目,
或者音樂影片(MV)。
08:31
And it could be exposure曝光
to a steady穩定 stream of violent暴力 media媒體
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它可能源源不斷地在強勢媒體中曝光,
08:36
that instead代替 of or in addition加成 to
the sexualized性化 images圖片
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而不是/不僅是色情圖像,
08:40
is causing造成 our problems問題.
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造成我們的問題。
08:42
By focusing調焦 on the potential潛在 harms危害
of pornography色情 alone單獨,
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單單把焦點放在色情產品
會帶來的潛在傷害,
08:48
we may可能 be distracting分心 ourselves我們自己
from bigger issues問題.
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可能讓我們無法看到更大的議題。
08:52
Or missing失踪 root causes原因
of dating約會 and sexual有性 violence暴力,
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或者漏掉了約會暴力
及性暴力的根本原因,
08:56
which哪一個 are the true真正 public上市 health健康 crises危機.
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這才是真正的公共衛生危機。
08:59
That said, even my own擁有 research研究
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也就是說,就連我自己的研究
09:01
demonstrates演示 that adolescents青少年
are turning車削 to pornography色情
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也顯示出青少年開始把色情作品
09:05
for education教育 and information信息 about sex性別.
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當作性教育和知識的來源。
09:08
And that's because they can't find
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那是因為他們無法在其他地方
09:10
reliable可靠 and factual事實
information信息 elsewhere別處.
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找到可靠、真實的資訊。
09:13
Less than 50 percent百分 of the states狀態
in the United聯合的 States狀態
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美國只有不到一半的州
09:17
require要求 that sex性別 education教育
be taught in schools學校,
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要求學校要教性教育,
09:21
including包含 how to prevent避免 coerced裹挾 sex性別.
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包括如何預防強迫性行為。
09:24
And less than half of those states狀態
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在那些州當中,又只有不到一半的州
09:26
require要求 that the information信息 presented呈現
be medically醫療 accurate準確.
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會要求呈現出來的資訊
具醫學的準確性。
09:32
So in that Boston波士頓 after-school放學後 program程序,
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所以,在波士頓的
那個課後活動方案中,
09:34
those kids孩子 really wanted
to talk about sex性別,
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那些孩子真的想要談談性,
09:37
and they really wanted
to talk about pornography色情.
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他們真的想要談談色情。
09:39
And they wanted to talk about those things
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比起約會暴力或性暴力,
09:41
a whole整個 lot more than they wanted
to talk about dating約會 or sexual有性 violence暴力.
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他們更想要談談那些議題。
09:45
So we realized實現,
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所以,我們發現,
09:46
we could cover all of the same相同 topics主題
that we might威力 normally一般 talk about
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我們可以用上健康關係教育的名義,
09:51
under the guise偽裝 of healthy健康
relationships關係 education教育,
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來談論所有那些相同的主題,
09:54
like, what's a definition定義
of sexual有性 consent同意?
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比如,性同意的定義是什麼?
09:57
Or, how do you know
if you're hurting傷害 somebody during sex性別?
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或你要如何知道在性行為
過程中你已經傷到對方了?
10:01
Or what are healthy健康 boundaries邊界 to have
when you're flirting調情?
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又或者在調情時的健康界線到哪裡?
10:04
All of these same相同 things we could discuss討論
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我們要討論上述所有這些主題時,
10:07
by using運用 pornography色情
as the jumping-off跳躍 point
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都可以用色情當作起始點,
10:11
for our conversation會話.
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開啟我們的對話。
10:12
It's sort分類 of like when adults成年人
give kids孩子 a desert沙漠 like brownies布朗尼,
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這有點像是成人會
給孩子像是布朗尼的點心,
10:16
but they secretly偷偷 baked烘烤的 a zucchini夏南瓜
or something healthy健康 inside of it.
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但他們會偷偷把櫛瓜
或有益健康的東西放在裡面。
10:19
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
10:21
We could talk to the kids孩子
about the healthy健康 stuff東東,
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我們能和孩子們談
健康、有助益的內容,
10:25
the stuff東東 that's good for you,
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10:26
but hide隱藏 it inside a conversation會話
that was about something
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但把這些都包裝在一個
他們會想要去談論的對話當中。
10:29
that they thought
they wanted to be talking about.
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10:32
We also discovered發現 something
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我們也有一個無預期的發現,
10:33
that we didn't necessarily一定
set out to find,
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10:36
which哪一個 is that there's a fantastic奇妙 way
to have a conversation會話 with teenagers青少年
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那就是有一種很棒的方法,
可以和青少年來探討色情。
10:41
about pornography色情.
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10:43
And that is,
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那方法就是,
10:44
keep the conversation會話 true真正 to science科學.
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確保談話都有科學根據。
10:47
Admit承認 what we know and what we don't know
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承認對於色情所帶來的影響
我們已知和不知道的部分。
10:50
about the impact碰撞 of pornography色情.
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10:52
Talk about where there are mixed results結果
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談談可能會有混雜的結果,
10:56
or where there are weaknesses弱點
in the studies學習 that have been conducted進行.
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或已進行的研究中存在的缺失之處。
11:01
Invite邀請 the adolescents青少年
to become成為 critical危急 consumers消費者
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邀請青少年成為色情研究文獻
11:04
of the research研究 literature文學 on pornography色情,
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以及色情產品本身的重要消費者。
11:07
as well as the pornography色情 itself本身.
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11:09
That really fits適合
with adolescent青少年 development發展.
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那真的符合青春期的發展。
11:13
Adolescents青少年 like to question things
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青少年喜歡質疑事物,
11:15
and they like to be invited邀請
to think for themselves他們自己.
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他們也喜歡受邀為他們自己思考。
11:19
And we realized實現 by starting開始 to experiment實驗,
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我們透過實驗瞭解到,
11:22
teaching教學 some classes in consent同意,
respect尊重 and pornography色情,
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在教導學生們同意、尊重和色情時,
11:26
that trying to scare adolescents青少年
into a particular特定 point of view視圖
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試圖用恫嚇的方式
灌輸青少年某種觀點,
11:31
or jam果醬 a one-sided片面 argument論據
down their throat about pornography色情
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或強迫他們接受單一面向的色情論點,
11:37
not only probably大概 does not work,
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不僅大概行不通,
11:41
but really doesn't model模型
the kind of respectful尊敬的,
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同時也沒有以身作責,
示範我們希望他們能學到
11:45
consensual兩廂情願 behavior行為
that we want them to learn學習.
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帶著尊重且雙方皆同意的態度行為。
11:48
So our approach途徑, what we call
pornography色情 literacy讀寫能力,
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我們的方法稱為色情產品知識,
11:53
is about presenting呈現 the truth真相
about pornography色情
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它的重點在於,
在我們所知的範圍內,
鑒於證據不斷改變的基礎下,
11:56
to the best最好 of our knowledge知識,
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11:58
given特定 that there is
an ever-changing日新月異 evidence證據 base基礎.
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盡可能呈現出色情產品的背後真相。
12:02
When people hear that we teach
a nine-session九屆, 18-hour-小時 class
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當別人聽到我們安排
十八小時共九堂課
12:07
in pornography色情 literacy讀寫能力 to teenagers青少年,
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來教導青少年分析色情產品的知識時,
12:09
I think that they either think
that we're sitting坐在 kids孩子 down
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我想,他們若不是認為
我們是要孩子坐下來,
12:12
and trying to show顯示 them
how to watch pornography色情,
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試圖教他們如何看色情片,
12:15
which哪一個 is not what we do,
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其實我們不會這麼做,
12:17
or that we're part部分 of
an anti-pornography反色情 activist活動家 group
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要不然就認為我們是
反色情活動團體的人,
12:21
that's trying to convince說服 them
that if they ever saw pornography色情,
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在試圖說服青少年,
色情片是影響健康的頭號敵人。
12:24
it would be the number one
worst最差 thing for their health健康 ever.
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12:27
And that's not it, either.
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我們也不會這樣做。
12:28
Our secret秘密 ingredient成分
is that we're nonjudgmental非判斷性.
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我們的秘密成份是:
我們不會評斷。
12:32
We don't think that youth青年
should be watching觀看 pornography色情.
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我們不認為年輕人應該看色情片。
12:36
But, above以上 all, we want them
to become成為 critical危急 thinkers思想家
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但,我們希望他們如果
真的看到了色情片,
首先要能夠做出批評性的思考。
12:40
if and when they do see it.
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12:43
And we've我們已經 learned學到了,
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我們發現,
12:44
from the number of requests要求
for our curriculum課程 and our training訓練,
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根據全美各地和其他地方
12:47
from across橫過 the US and beyond,
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對課程和訓練的需求量來看,
12:50
that there are a lot of parents父母
and a lot of teachers教師
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我們發現其實有很多父母和老師
12:54
who really do want to be having
these more nuanced細緻入微
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都真的想要針對色情,
跟青少年做更細微、更真實的對談。
12:57
and realistic實際 conversations對話
with teenagers青少年 about pornography色情.
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13:01
We've我們已經 had requests要求 from Utah猶他州 to Vermont佛蒙特,
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我們接到的請求,
從猶他州到佛蒙特州、
13:06
to Alabama阿拉巴馬, to Hawaii夏威夷.
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到阿拉巴馬州、到夏威夷。
13:09
So in that after-school放學後 program程序,
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所以,在那課後活動專案中,
13:12
what I saw, is that from the minute分鐘
we mentioned提到 the word pornography色情,
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我看到的是,從我們
提到「色情」一詞開始,
13:16
those kids孩子 were ready準備
to jump in to a back-and-forth來來回回
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那些孩子已經開始你來我往,
13:20
about what they did
and didn't want to see in pornography色情,
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談論他們想要和不想要
在色情片中看到什麼,
13:24
and what they did
and didn't want to do during sex性別.
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以及在性愛的過程中
他們想要和不想要做什麼。
13:27
And what was degrading降解 to women婦女
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也談到怎樣是貶低女性,
13:30
or unfair不公平 to men男人 or racist種族主義者, all of it.
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或對男性不公平,或有種族主義,
所有這些都有談到。
13:33
And they made製作 some
really sophisticated複雜的 points.
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他們還有一些很精湛的論點。
13:36
Exactly究竟 the kinds of things that
we would want them to be talking about
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這些正是身為預防暴力活動家的我們
13:40
as violence暴力 prevention預防 activists活動家.
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希望他們能夠去談論的主題。
13:43
And as teachers教師, we might威力 leave離開
the class one day and think,
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身為老師,可能有一天
我們離開教室時,會想:
13:47
"It is really sad傷心 that there's
that one boy男孩 in our class
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「真悲哀,我們班上有一個男孩
13:51
who thinks that all women婦女
have orgasms性高潮 from anal肛門 sex性別."
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認為所有的女性都是
從肛交產生高潮的。」
13:56
And we might威力 leave離開 class
the next下一個 week and think,
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可能下週我們離開教室時,會想:
13:59
"I'm really glad高興 that there's
that one kid孩子 in our class who's誰是 gay同性戀者,
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「我很高興我們班上
有一個同性戀孩子說,
14:04
who said that seeing眼看 his sexuality性慾
represented代表 in pornography色情
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在色情中看到他的性向被描繪出來,
14:09
saved保存 his life."
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救了他一命。」
14:11
Or, "There's that one girl女孩 in our class
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或:「我們班上有一個女孩,
14:13
who said that she's feeling感覺
a lot better about her body身體,
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她說對自己身體的觀感
覺得變好許多,
14:17
because she saw someone有人 shaped成形 like her
as the object目的 of desire慾望
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因為她在比較溫和的色情片中
看到和她身材一樣的人
被當成渴望的對象。」
14:22
in some tame馴服 pornography色情."
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1750
14:25
So this is where I find myself
as a violence暴力 prevention預防 activist活動家.
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這是我發覺自己扮演
預防暴力的活動家的時候。
14:30
I find myself talking about
and researching研究 pornography色情.
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我發現自己會去談論、研究色情。
14:35
And though雖然 it would be easier更輕鬆
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雖然,如果人生中凡事都
非黑即白就會容易許多,
14:36
if things in life
were all one way or the other,
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14:38
what I've found發現 in my conversations對話
with teenagers青少年 about pornography色情
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我在和青少年探討色情的對話中,
14:42
is that they remain engaged訂婚
in these conversations對話
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發現他們持續參與這些對談,
14:47
because we allow允許 them
to grapple抓鉤 with the complexities複雜性.
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因為我們讓他們盡力解決
這些複雜的問題。
14:51
And because we're honest誠實
about the science科學.
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且因我們忠於科學的事證。
14:56
These adolescents青少年 may可能 not be adults成年人 yet然而,
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這些青少年還不是成人,
14:59
but they are living活的 in an adult成人 world世界.
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但他們生活在成人的世界裡。
15:02
And they're ready準備 for adult成人 conversations對話.
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他們已準備好做成人的對談了。
15:05
Thank you.
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謝謝。
15:07
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Lilian Chiu
Reviewed by SF Huang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Emily Rothman - Public health researcher
Boston University professor Emily F. Rothman is a leading public health scholar on sexually explicit media and its impact on adolescent dating relationships.

Why you should listen

Emily F. Rothman has conducted multiple research studies with teenage participants to identify what they view, when, why and how it may affect them. She also co-designed and co-taught the first course on pornography at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and partnered with the Boston Public Health Commission to create a "pornography literacy curriculum" for teenagers. Rothman has led several federally-funded research projects sponsored by the NIH, the National Institute of Justice and various foundations in an effort to help identify causes and consequences of adolescent dating aggression, sexual assault and human trafficking. She also founded and served as Chair of the Violence and Trauma special interest group at the Society for Behavioral Medicine, authored a report on batterer intervention programs for the World Health Organization and is an appointed member of the Massachusetts Governor's Council on Sexual and Domestic Violence.

More profile about the speaker
Emily Rothman | Speaker | TED.com