ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Janine Benyus - Science writer, innovation consultant, conservationist
A self-proclaimed nature nerd, Janine Benyus' concept of biomimicry has galvanized scientists, architects, designers and engineers into exploring new ways in which nature's successes can inspire humanity.

Why you should listen

In the world envisioned by science author Janine Benyus, a locust's ability to avoid collision within a roiling cloud of its brethren informs the design of a crash-resistant car; a self-cleaning leaf inspires a new kind of paint, one that dries in a pattern that enables simple rainwater to wash away dirt; and organisms capable of living without water open the way for vaccines that maintain potency even without refrigeration -- a hurdle that can prevent life-saving drugs from reaching disease-torn communities. Most important, these cool tools from nature pull off their tricks while still managing to preserve the environment that sustains them, a life-or-death lesson that humankind is in need of learning.

As a champion of biomimicry, Benyus has become one of the most important voices in a new wave of designers and engineers inspired by nature. Her most recent project, AskNature, explores what happens if we think of nature by function and looks at what organisms can teach us about design.

More profile about the speaker
Janine Benyus | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2009

Janine Benyus: Biomimicry in action

Janine Benyus:進行中的仿生科技

Filmed:
1,420,524 views

Janine Benyus 帶給發明家一個訊息:設法解決設計上的問題時,先觀察自然界。你會在自然界中找到防水、航空力學、太陽能驅動以及更多的設計靈感。在此,她揭露許多靈感取自自然,成果令人讚嘆的新產品。
- Science writer, innovation consultant, conservationist
A self-proclaimed nature nerd, Janine Benyus' concept of biomimicry has galvanized scientists, architects, designers and engineers into exploring new ways in which nature's successes can inspire humanity. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:18
If I could reveal揭示 anything
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如果我可以揭露任何事物,
00:22
that is hidden from us,
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我們看不到的事物,
00:24
at least最小 in modern現代 cultures文化,
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至少對於現代文化來說,
00:28
it would be to reveal揭示 something that we've我們已經 forgotten忘記了,
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那就只能揭露我們已拋之腦後的事物。
00:32
that we used to know
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但我們曾經是知道它們的,
00:34
as well as we knew知道 our own擁有 names.
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就像我們知道自己的名字一樣。
00:38
And that is that we live生活 in a competent勝任 universe宇宙,
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而且我們生存在充足的宇宙中,
00:42
that we are part部分 of a brilliant輝煌 planet行星,
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身為這絕妙星球的一員,
00:45
and that we are surrounded包圍 by genius天才.
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身旁圍繞著一群天才。
00:49
Biomimicry仿生學 is a new discipline學科
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仿生科技是一門新的學科,
00:52
that tries嘗試 to learn學習 from those geniuses天才,
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嘗試向那群天才學習,
00:54
and take advice忠告 from them, design設計 advice忠告.
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聽取他們的建議,設計上的建議。
00:58
That's where I live生活,
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那是我住的地方。
01:01
and it's my university大學 as well.
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也是我念的大學。
01:04
I'm surrounded包圍 by genius天才. I cannot不能 help but
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我被天才包圍,不由自主地...
01:08
remember記得 the organisms生物 and the ecosystems生態系統
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一直記得這些生物和生態系統,
01:13
that know how to live生活 here gracefully優雅 on this planet行星.
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它們知道如何優雅地生存在地球上。
01:18
This is what I would tell you to remember記得
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這是我想要你記得的一點,
01:20
if you ever forget忘記 this again.
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不准再忘記它,
01:23
Remember記得 this.
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記得它。
01:25
This is what happens發生 every一切 year.
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這是每年都會發生的事,
01:29
This is what keeps保持 its promise諾言.
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信守諾言的事,
01:32
While we're doing bailouts救助, this is what happened發生.
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當我們正忙於紓困案,這已發生。
01:35
Spring彈簧.
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春天。
01:37
Imagine想像 designing設計 spring彈簧.
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想像要設計一個春天。
01:42
Imagine想像 that orchestration管弦樂編曲.
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想像一切和諧編排。
01:44
You think TEDTED is hard to organize組織. (Laughter笑聲) Right?
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你覺得TED很難組織 (笑聲),是吧?
01:48
Imagine想像, and if you haven't沒有 doneDONE this in a while, do.
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想像,如果你很久沒這麼做,現在做。
01:53
Imagine想像 the timing定時, the coordination協調,
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想像那些時機點,那些巧合。
01:57
all without top-down自頂向下 laws法律,
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完全沒有上對下的法律規則,
02:01
or policies政策, or climate氣候 change更改 protocols協議.
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或政策,或氣候變遷草案。
02:04
This happens發生 every一切 year.
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每年都這樣發生。
02:07
There is lots of showing展示 off.
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有很多爭奇鬥艷。
02:11
There is lots of love in the air空氣.
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空氣裡充滿愛。
02:16
There's lots of grand盛大 openings開口.
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有很多盛大的開場。
02:21
And the organisms生物, I promise諾言 you,
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而這些生物體,我向你保證,
02:23
have all of their priorities優先 in order訂購.
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他們全都井然有序。
02:27
I have this neighbor鄰居 that keeps保持 me in touch觸摸 with this,
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我曾經有個鄰居,讓我接觸這些。
02:31
because he's living活的, usually平時 on his back,
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因為他的生活,通常是躺著
02:33
looking up at those grasses.
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往上看那些牧草。
02:36
And one time he came來了 up to me --
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有一次,他來找我,
02:38
he was about seven or eight years年份 old -- he came來了 up to me.
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那時他大約七或八歲,他來找我。
02:40
And there was a wasp's黃蜂的 nest
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那時有個蜂巢,
02:42
that I had let grow增長 in my yard,
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我讓它長在我家後院裡,
02:44
right outside my door.
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就在我的門外。
02:47
And most people knock them down when they're small.
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大多數人會趁蜂巢還小,就將之打下。
02:49
But it was fascinating迷人 to me,
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但它對我來很迷人。
02:51
because I was looking at this sort分類 of fine Italian意大利 end結束 papers文件.
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因為我看著這種細緻的意式襯紙。
02:54
And he came來了 up to me and he knocked被撞.
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而他來找我並敲敲門。
02:56
He would come every一切 day with something to show顯示 me.
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每天都帶些東西來給我看。
02:59
And like, knock like a woodpecker啄木鳥 on my door until直到 I opened打開 it up.
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敲門敲得像隻啄木鳥,直到我開門為止。
03:02
And he asked me
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然後他問我,
03:06
how I had made製作 the house for those wasps黃蜂,
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我是如何做出那些蜂巢的。
03:13
because he had never seen看到 one this big.
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因為他從未見過這麼大的蜂巢。
03:16
And I told him, "You know, Cody科迪,
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我告訴他:「知道嗎?Cody
03:19
the wasps黃蜂 actually其實 made製作 that."
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其實蜂巢是蜜蜂自己做的。」
03:21
And we looked看著 at it together一起.
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然後我們一起觀察它。
03:23
And I could see why he thought,
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而我可以了解為什麼他會那樣以為,
03:27
you know -- it was so beautifully精美 doneDONE.
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你知道嗎?它是如此美麗地完工。
03:29
It was so architectural建築的. It was so precise精確.
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它很建築,很精準。
03:32
But it occurred發生 to me, how in his small life
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但我不禁想到,為何這麼小的孩子,
03:36
had he already已經 believed相信 the myth神話
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就已經相信一個神話,
03:40
that if something was that well doneDONE,
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那就是這樣完美的作品,
03:44
that we must必須 have doneDONE it.
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一定是我們人類做出來的。
03:46
How did he not know --
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他為何不知道一件事,
03:49
it's what we've我們已經 all forgotten忘記了 --
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也是我們都忘記的事實,
03:52
that we're not the first ones那些 to build建立.
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就是我們並非第一個會建造的物種。
03:55
We're not the first ones那些 to process處理 cellulose纖維素.
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我們並非第一個會處理纖維,
03:58
We're not the first ones那些 to make paper. We're not the first ones那些
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並非第一個造紙,也並非第一個
04:00
to try to optimize優化 packing填料 space空間,
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嘗試加大收納空間的物種。
04:03
or to waterproof防水, or to try to heat and cool a structure結構體.
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或是製作防水、或嘗試加熱和冷卻。
04:06
We're not the first ones那些 to build建立 houses房屋 for our young年輕.
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我們並非第一個為後代建造房屋的物種。
04:12
What's happening事件 now, in this field領域 called biomimicry仿生學,
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正在仿生科技學領域中發生的,
04:16
is that people are beginning開始 to remember記得
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是人們開始記得
04:19
that organisms生物, other organisms生物,
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生物體,其他的生物體,
04:23
the rest休息 of the natural自然 world世界,
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自然界中的其他生物,
04:25
are doing things very similar類似 to what we need to do.
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正在做與我們需求極相似的事。
04:29
But in fact事實 they are doing them in a way
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但事實上,他們用的方式
04:31
that have allowed允許 them to live生活 gracefully優雅 on this planet行星
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可讓他們優雅生存在地球上
04:33
for billions數十億 of years年份.
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好幾億年。
04:36
So these people, biomimicsbiomimics,
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所以說這些仿生科學家
04:39
are nature's大自然 apprentices學徒.
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是大自然的學徒。
04:41
And they're focusing調焦 on function功能.
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他們注重功能。
04:43
What I'd like to do is show顯示 you a few少數 of the things
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我想要讓你們看一些
04:46
that they're learning學習.
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他們正在學習的東西。
04:49
They have asked themselves他們自己,
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他們這樣問自己:
04:51
"What if, every一切 time I started開始 to invent發明 something,
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「倘若每次開始發明前
04:55
I asked, 'How'怎麼樣 would nature性質 solve解決 this?'"
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我都問『大自然會如何解決?』呢?」
04:58
And here is what they're learning學習.
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而這就是他們正在學習的。
05:00
This is an amazing驚人 picture圖片 from a Czech捷克 photographer攝影師 named命名 Jack插口 Hedley赫德利.
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這驚嘆的照片由捷克攝影師Jack Hedley拍攝。
05:03
This is a story故事 about an engineer工程師 at J.R. West西.
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這個故事關於一位J.R. West的工程師。
05:06
They're the people who make the bullet子彈 train培養.
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他們製造子彈列車。
05:08
It was called the bullet子彈 train培養
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它之所以名為子彈列車,
05:10
because it was rounded in front面前,
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是因為它圓頭的造型。
05:12
but every一切 time it went into a tunnel隧道
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但每次駛進山洞時,
05:14
it would build建立 up a pressure壓力 wave,
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就會產生一股壓力波,
05:16
and then it would create創建 like a sonic boom繁榮 when it exited退出.
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而在駛出山洞時製造音爆。
05:19
So the engineer's工程師 boss老闆 said,
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於是工程師的老闆說:
05:21
"Find a way to quiet安靜 this train培養."
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「找出讓列車安靜的方法。」
05:24
He happened發生 to be a birder捕鳥.
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他正巧是位愛鳥者,
05:26
He went to the equivalent當量 of an Audubon奧杜邦 Society社會 meeting會議.
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他去了奧杜邦學會相關的會議。
05:30
And he studied研究 -- there was a film電影 about king國王 fishers漁民.
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他研究和學習,一段翠鳥的影片,
05:32
And he thought to himself他自己, "They go from one density密度 of medium,
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他想:「牠們從一種密度的介質—空氣,
05:35
the air空氣, into another另一個 density密度 of medium, water,
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進入另一種密度的介質—水,
05:38
without a splash. Look at this picture圖片.
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卻不會濺起水花。」看這張照片。
05:41
Without沒有 a splash, so they can see the fish.
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沒有濺起水花,所以牠們看得到魚。
05:44
And he thought, "What if we do this?"
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然後他想到:「倘若我們這麼做?」
05:47
Quieted the train培養.
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安靜的列車。
05:50
Made製作 it go 10 percent百分 faster更快 on 15 percent百分 less electricity電力.
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加快10%而且節省15%電力。
05:55
How does nature性質 repel擊退 bacteria?
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大自然如何抗菌?
05:57
We're not the first ones那些 to have to protect保護 ourselves我們自己
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我們並非第一個需要保護自己
06:00
from some bacteria.
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免於某些細菌侵擾的物種。
06:02
Turns out that -- this is a Galapagos加拉帕戈斯 Shark鯊魚.
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原來答案在—直翅真鯊。
06:06
It has no bacteria on its surface表面, no fouling結垢 on its surface表面, no barnacles藤壺.
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牠的表面沒有細菌,表面無垢,亦無藤壺。
06:11
And it's not because it goes fast快速.
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並不是因為牠游得很快。
06:13
It actually其實 basks晾曬. It's a slow-moving緩慢移動 shark鯊魚.
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牠其實很愜意,是一種慢速鯊。
06:16
So how does it keep its body身體 free自由 of bacteria build-up積聚?
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那牠如何保持身體不滋生細菌?
06:19
It doesn't do it with a chemical化學.
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牠不是使用化學方法。
06:21
It does it, it turns out, with the same相同 denticles細齒
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原來,牠身上的鋸齒狀物,
06:23
that you had on Speedo斯皮 bathing洗澡 suits西裝,
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與Speedo泳衣上的材質的相同,
06:27
that broke打破 all those records記錄 in the Olympics奧運會,
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而那泳衣曾打破所有奧運記錄。
06:29
but it's a particular特定 kind of pattern模式.
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但它有一種獨特的樣式,
06:31
And that pattern模式, the architecture建築 of that pattern模式
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而那種樣式—那種牠皮膚上
06:34
on its skin皮膚 denticles細齒
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鋸齒狀樣式的結構
06:37
keep bacteria from being存在 able能夠 to land土地 and adhere附著.
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讓細菌無法附著。
06:41
There is a company公司 called Sharklet鯊鰭小 Technologies技術
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有間名為Sharklet Technologies的公司
06:43
that's now putting this on the surfaces in hospitals醫院
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正將這種結構鋪在醫院的牆面,
06:47
to keep bacteria from landing降落,
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防止細菌附著。
06:49
which哪一個 is better than dousing澆熄 it with anti-bacterials抗細菌 or harsh苛刻 cleansers清潔劑
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此法遠優於使用抗菌或強烈洗劑,
06:55
that many許多, many許多 organisms生物 are now becoming變得 drug藥物 resistant.
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讓許多許多生物產生抗藥性。
06:59
Hospital-acquired醫院獲得 infections感染 are now killing謀殺
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在美國,醫院院內感染
07:01
more people every一切 year in the United聯合的 States狀態
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每年奪走的性命
07:04
than die from AIDS艾滋病 or cancer癌症 or car汽車 accidents事故 combined結合 --
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比AIDS或癌症或車禍的死亡總數更多—
07:09
about 100,000.
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約十萬人。
07:11
This is a little critter小動物 that's in the Namibian納米比亞 desert沙漠.
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這隻住在納米比沙漠的小生物,
07:14
It has no fresh新鮮 water that it's able能夠 to drink,
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沒有新鮮水源可以喝,
07:17
but it drinks飲料 water out of fog多霧路段.
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但他從霧氣中攝取水分。
07:20
It's got bumps顛簸 on the back of its wing翅膀 covers蓋子.
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在牠覆蓋身體的翅膀外側有些突起物,
07:23
And those bumps顛簸 act法案 like a magnet磁鐵 for water.
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而那些突起物可像磁鐵搬吸住水,
07:26
They have water-loving喜水 tips提示, and waxy sides雙方.
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它們有親水性的尖端和蠟質的側邊,
07:29
And the fog多霧路段 comes in and it builds建立 up on the tips提示.
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所以霧氣會凝結在尖端,
07:32
And it goes down the sides雙方 and goes into the critter's小動物的 mouth.
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然後從側邊流下,流如這種生物的口中。
07:35
There is actually其實 a scientist科學家 here at Oxford牛津
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真的有位Oxford的科學家,
07:38
who studied研究 this, Andrew安德魯 Parker帕克.
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研究這項技術,他叫Andrew Parker.
07:40
And now kinetic動能 and architectural建築的 firms公司 like Grimshaw格里姆肖
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而現在有些動力和建築公司,像是Grimshaw
07:44
are starting開始 to look at this as a way
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開始著眼於把這技術應用在
07:46
of coating塗層 buildings房屋
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建築物的塗裝,
07:49
so that they gather收集 water from the fog多霧路段.
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於是它們能從霧氣擷取水分,
07:51
10 times better than our fog-catching霧捕 nets.
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效果比我們的捉霧網好上10倍。
07:56
COCO2 as a building建造 block.
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把二氧化碳當作建材。
07:58
Organisms生物 don't think of COCO2 as a poison.
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生物體不認為二氧化碳是有害的,
08:01
Plants植物 and organisms生物 that make shells砲彈,
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植物和一些製造貝殼、珊瑚的生物,
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coral珊瑚, think of it as a building建造 block.
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都把二氧化碳當作建材。
08:06
There is now a cement水泥 manufacturing製造業 company公司
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現在有間水泥製造公司
08:09
starting開始 in the United聯合的 States狀態 called Calera卡萊拉.
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成立於美國,名叫Clara.
08:12
They've他們已經 borrowed the recipe食譜 from the coral珊瑚 reef,
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他們借用珊瑚礁的祕方,
08:15
and they're using運用 COCO2 as a building建造 block
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並且把二氧化碳當作
08:18
in cement水泥, in concrete具體.
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水泥、混凝土的材料,
08:20
Instead代替 of -- cement水泥 usually平時
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代替...水泥通常...
08:22
emits發射 a ton of COCO2 for every一切 ton of cement水泥.
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每頓水泥會排放一頓二氧化碳,
08:25
Now it's reversing倒車 that equation方程,
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現在方程式被逆轉,
08:27
and actually其實 sequestering螯合 half a ton of COCO2
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而實際上可節省半頓二氧化碳,
08:30
thanks謝謝 to the recipe食譜 from the coral珊瑚.
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多虧了得自珊瑚的祕方。
08:32
None沒有 of these are using運用 the organisms生物.
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以上都沒有利用生物體,
08:34
They're really only using運用 the blueprints藍圖 or the recipes食譜
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他們其實都只利用了
08:36
from the organisms生物.
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生物的生命藍圖或祕方。
08:39
How does nature性質 gather收集 the sun's太陽 energy能源?
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大自然如何收集太陽能?
08:42
This is a new kind of solar太陽能 cell細胞
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這是新的太陽能電池,
08:44
that's based基於 on how a leaf works作品.
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建基於葉子的運作方式,
08:46
It's self-assembling自組裝.
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它可以自我組裝。
08:48
It can be put down on any substrate基質 whatsoever任何.
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它可著根於任何生化基質,
08:50
It's extremely非常 inexpensive便宜
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它非常便宜,
08:52
and rechargeable充電 every一切 five years年份.
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而且每五年可再充電。
08:55
It's actually其實 a company公司 a company公司 that I'm involved參與 in called OneSunOneSun,
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那其實是我參與的一家公司,名為OneSun,
08:58
with Paul保羅 Hawken霍肯.
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與Paul Hawken合作。
09:00
There are many許多 many許多 ways方法 that nature性質 filters過濾器 water
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大自然有好多好多淨化水的方式,
09:04
that takes salt out of water.
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取出水中的鹽分。
09:07
We take water and push it against反對 a membrane.
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我們用水去推擠細胞膜,
09:10
And then we wonder奇蹟 why the membrane clogs木底鞋
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然後好奇為何細胞膜會堵塞,
09:12
and why it takes so much electricity電力.
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而且為什麼需要那麼多電流。
09:14
Nature性質 does something much more elegant優雅.
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大自然使用更優雅的方式,
09:16
And it's in every一切 cell細胞.
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而且每個細胞都會用。
09:18
Every一切 red blood血液 cell細胞 of your body身體 right now
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你現在體內的每一粒紅血球
09:21
has these hourglass-shaped鼓形 pores毛孔
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都有沙漏形的小孔,
09:23
called aquaporins水通道蛋白.
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名為水孔蛋白,
09:25
They actually其實 export出口 water molecules分子 through通過.
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它們讓水分子通過、輸出。
09:28
It's kind of a forward前鋒 osmosis滲透.
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這像是一種正向滲透作用,
09:30
They export出口 water molecules分子 through通過,
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他們輸出水分子,
09:32
and leave離開 solutes溶質 on the other side.
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然後讓溶質留在另一邊。
09:35
A company公司 called Aquaporin水通道蛋白 is starting開始 to make desalination海水淡化
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一間名為Aquaporin的公司正開始製造
09:38
membranes mimicking模仿 this technology技術.
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模仿這種技術的去鹽薄膜。
09:42
Trees and bones骨頭 are constantly經常 reforming改革 themselves他們自己
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樹木和骨骼經常
09:47
along沿 lines of stress強調.
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沿著壓力線自我重組。
09:49
This algorithm算法 has been put into a software軟件 program程序
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這種演算法已被運用在一個軟體,
09:53
that's now being存在 used to make bridges橋樑 lightweight輕量級,
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現在用於使橋樑輕量化,
09:55
to make building建造 beams lightweight輕量級.
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使建築鋼樑輕量化。
09:58
Actually其實 G.M. Opel歐寶 used it
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事實上G.M. Opel已經運用這軟體
10:00
to create創建 that skeleton骨架 you see,
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創造了你所見到的那種骨架,
10:04
in what's called their bionic仿生 car汽車.
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在所謂的仿生車當中。
10:07
It lightweightedlightweighted that skeleton骨架 using運用 a minimum最低限度 amount of material材料,
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輕量化的骨架使用最少材料,
10:10
as an organism生物 must必須,
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如同一個生物體必須做的,
10:13
for the maximum最大值 amount of strength強度.
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並且得到最大的支撐力。
10:17
This beetle甲蟲, unlike不像 this chip芯片 bag here,
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這隻甲蟲,與這餅乾帶子大不相同,
10:21
this beetle甲蟲 uses使用 one material材料, chitin幾丁質.
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甲蟲運用的是一種材料 ─ 基丁質。
10:24
And it finds認定 many許多 many許多 ways方法
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而且它找出好多好多種方法
10:26
to put many許多 functions功能 into it.
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讓基丁質有很多不同的功能。
10:28
It's waterproof防水.
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它防水,
10:30
It's strong強大 and resilient彈性.
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它堅固且有彈性,
10:32
It's breathable透氣. It creates創建 color顏色 through通過 structure結構體.
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它很透氣,藉由結構安排產生顏色。
10:36
Whereas that chip芯片 bag has about seven layers to do all of those things.
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反觀餅乾袋需要約七層材料來達成那些功能。
10:40
One of our major重大的 inventions發明
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我們主要的發明之一
10:43
that we need to be able能夠 to do
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就是我們必須具備能力
10:45
to come even close to what these organisms生物 can do
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與這些生物體更相近的能力,
10:47
is to find a way
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那就是找到一個方法
10:51
to minimize最小化 the amount of material材料, the kind of material材料 we use,
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減少材料用量,那種我們所用的材料,
10:54
and to add design設計 to it.
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然後加上設計。
10:56
We use five polymers聚合物 in the natural自然 world世界
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大自然只使用五種聚合物
10:59
to do everything that you see.
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來達成你所能見到的所有事物。
11:01
In our world世界 we use about 350 polymers聚合物
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而人類用了350種聚合物
11:05
to make all this.
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來製造這一切。
11:10
Nature性質 is nano納米.
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大自然是奈米專家。
11:12
Nanotechnology納米技術, nanoparticles納米粒子, you hear a lot of worry擔心 about this.
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奈米科技、奈米粒子,聽過很多相關憂慮,
11:17
Loose疏鬆 nanoparticles納米粒子. What is really interesting有趣 to me
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鬆散奈米粒子。而我最有興趣的是
11:21
is that not many許多 people have been asking,
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有多少人問過:
11:24
"How can we consult請教 nature性質 about how to make nanotechnology納米技術 safe安全?"
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「怎麼諮詢大自然如何安全運用耐米科技?」
11:29
Nature性質 has been doing that for a long time.
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大自然已行之久遠。
11:31
Embedding嵌入 nanoparticles納米粒子 in a material材料 for instance, always.
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例如它總是把耐米粒子固定在某種材料。
11:35
In fact事實, sulfur-reducing硫還原 bacteria,
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事實上,硫還原細菌
11:37
as part部分 of their synthesis合成,
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在它們合成的過程中,
11:40
they will emit發射, as a byproduct副產品,
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會釋放一種副產品,
11:42
nanoparticles納米粒子 into the water.
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一種奈米粒子進入水中。
11:44
But then right after that, they emit發射 a protein蛋白
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但那之後,他們釋放一種蛋白質
11:46
that actually其實 gathers and aggregates聚集 those nanoparticles納米粒子
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可以聚集、聚合那些奈米粒子,
11:49
so that they fall秋季 out of solution.
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於是它們得以解決。
11:54
Energy能源 use. Organisms生物 sip energy能源,
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能量使用。生物體慎用能量。
11:59
because they have to work or barter物物交換 for every一切 single bit that they get.
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因為牠們得工作或以物異物來獲得每一分。
12:04
And one of the largest最大 fields領域 right now,
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而現今最大的領域之一,
12:07
in the world世界 of energy能源 grids網格,
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世界能源網當中,
12:09
you hear about the smart聰明 grid.
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你聽過智能電網。
12:11
One of the largest最大 consultants顧問 are the social社會 insects昆蟲.
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最重要的顧問之一就是群居昆蟲。
12:15
Swarm一群 technology技術. There is a company公司 called Regen雷根.
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群技術。有家公司名為Regen.
12:18
They are looking at how ants螞蟻 and bees蜜蜂
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他們觀察螞蟻和蜜蜂
12:21
find their food餐飲 and their flowers花卉
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如何尋找牠們的食物和花朵,
12:24
in the most effective有效 way
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用對整體族群(蜂巢)
12:26
as a whole整個 hive蜂巢.
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最有效的方式。
12:28
And they're having appliances家電 in your home
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他們有一種家用設備,
12:31
talk to one another另一個 through通過 that algorithm算法,
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透過那種演算法互相溝通,
12:34
and determine確定 how to minimize最小化 peak power功率 use.
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然後決定如何把尖峰用電降到最低。
12:40
There's a group of scientists科學家們 in Cornell康奈爾
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有一群Cornell的科學家,
12:43
that are making製造 what they call a synthetic合成的 tree,
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正在製造他們所謂的人造樹。
12:45
because they are saying, "There is no pump at the bottom底部 of a tree."
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因為他們說:「樹幹底下沒有泵浦。」
12:49
It's capillary毛細管 action行動 and transpiration蒸騰 pulls
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是毛細作用和蒸散作造成拉力,
12:53
water up, a drop下降 at a time,
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一滴一滴把水拉上去,
12:55
pulling it, releasing釋放 it from a leaf and pulling it up through通過 the roots.
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拉上去,從葉面釋放然後從根部拉取。
13:00
And they're creating創建 -- you can think of it as a kind of wallpaper牆紙.
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然後他們創造—你可以把它想成一種壁紙。
13:03
They're thinking思維 about putting it on the insides內部 of buildings房屋
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他們正想將它用在建築內部,
13:07
to move移動 water up without pumps.
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把水抽高而不需要泵浦。
13:13
Amazon亞馬遜 electric電動 eel鰻魚 -- incredibly令人難以置信 endangered瀕危,
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亞馬遜電鰻,瀕臨絕種,
13:15
some of these species種類 --
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這些物種當中的一些,
13:17
create創建 600 volts of electricity電力
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能使用你身體當中的一些化學物質,
13:21
with the chemicals化學製品 that are in your body身體.
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製造出600伏特的電力,
13:24
Even more interesting有趣 to me is that
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更讓我有興趣的是...
13:26
600 volts doesn't fry it.
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600伏特不會把牠自己炸熟。
13:29
You know we use PVCPVC, and we sheath wires電線
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你知道我們使用PVC來包住電線,
13:32
with PVCPVC for insulation絕緣.
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利用PVC當作絕緣體。
13:34
These organisms生物, how are they insulating絕緣
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這些生物,牠們如何讓自己
13:36
against反對 their own擁有 electric電動 charge收費?
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跟自己產生的電力絕緣呢?
13:39
These are some questions問題 that we've我們已經 yet然而 to ask.
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有些問題我們還尚無解答。
13:42
Here's這裡的 a wind turbine渦輪 manufacturer生產廠家 that went to a whale.
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這是風扇製造商取法於鯨豚。
13:46
Humpback駝背 whale has scalloped齒痕 edges邊緣 on its flippers蛙鞋.
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座頭鯨有扇形邊的鰭,
13:50
And those scalloped齒痕 edges邊緣
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而那些扇形邊
13:52
play with flow in such這樣 a way
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用某種方式與水流相互作用,
13:55
that is reduces減少 drag拖動 by 32 percent百分.
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減少32%的阻力。
13:58
These wind turbines渦輪機 can rotate迴轉 in incredibly令人難以置信 slow windspeedswindspeeds, as a result結果.
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於是,極小的風速便能轉動這些風扇。
14:04
MITMIT just has a new radio無線電 chip芯片
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MIT剛製作一款新的無線電晶片,
14:07
that uses使用 far less power功率 than our chips芯片.
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用電量遠小於目前的晶片,
14:11
And it's based基於 on the cochlear人工耳蝸 of your ear,
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而且它取法於你耳朵裡的耳蝸,
14:14
able能夠 to pick up internet互聯網, wireless無線, television電視 signals信號
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可以接收網路、無線電、電視訊號,
14:19
and radio無線電 signals信號, in the same相同 chip芯片.
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以及電台訊號,使用同一張晶片。
14:22
Finally最後, on an ecosystem生態系統 scale規模.
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最後,建立在生態系統規模上。
14:26
At Biomimicry仿生學 Guild公會, which哪一個 is my consulting諮詢 company公司,
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在Biomimicry Guild, 也就是我的顧問公司,
14:29
we work with HOKHOK Architects建築師.
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我們與HOK建築公司合作,
14:31
We're looking at building建造 whole整個 cities城市
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我們正考慮建造整座城市,
14:35
in their planning規劃 department.
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在他們的規劃部門中。
14:37
And what we're saying is that,
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而我們的訴求是:
14:39
shouldn't不能 our cities城市 do at least最小 as well,
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以生態系統服務的角度來看,
14:42
in terms條款 of ecosystem生態系統 services服務,
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我們的城市不是應該至少
14:44
as the native本地人 systems系統 that they replace更換?
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跟他們取代的原始系統一樣好嗎?
14:47
So we're creating創建 something called Ecological生態 Performance性能 Standards標準
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於是我們正在設立生態性能標準,
14:51
that hold保持 cities城市 to this higher更高 bar酒吧.
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能讓城市維持在這個標準。
14:55
The question is -- biomimicry仿生學 is an incredibly令人難以置信 powerful強大
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問題是—仿生科技是達到創新
14:58
way to innovate創新.
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一條極其有力的途徑。
15:01
The question I would ask is, "What's worth價值 solving?"
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我想問的是:「哪些事情值得去解決?」
15:04
If you haven't沒有 seen看到 this, it's pretty漂亮 amazing驚人.
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若你之前沒看過,這個還滿令人吃驚的。
15:06
Dr博士. Adam亞當 Neiman尼曼.
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Adam Neiman 博士。
15:09
This is a depiction描寫 of
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這張圖描述...
15:11
all of the water on Earth地球
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地球上所有的水
15:13
in relation關係 to the volume of the Earth地球 --
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相對於地球體積,
15:15
all the ice, all the fresh新鮮 water, all the sea water --
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所有的冰、淡水、鹹水,
15:18
and all the atmosphere大氣層 that we can breathe呼吸, in relation關係 to the volume of the Earth地球.
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和所有我們呼吸的大氣,相對於地球體積。
15:22
And inside those balls
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而在那些球裡頭的是...
15:24
life, over 3.8 billion十億 years年份,
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生命,超過3.8億年,
15:28
has made製作 a lush青蔥的, livable適於居住的 place地點 for us.
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幫我們造了蒼翠、適宜居住的地方。
15:33
And we are in a long, long line
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所有的生物當中,
15:36
of organisms生物
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我們排在長長的隊伍後面,
15:38
to come to this planet行星 and ask ourselves我們自己,
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來到地球上並且問我們自己:
15:41
"How can we live生活 here gracefully優雅 over the long haul運輸?"
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「我們如何優雅地、長遠地生存?」
15:45
How can we do what life has learned學到了 to do?
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我們如何才能做到生物早已學會的事?
15:50
Which哪一個 is to create創建 conditions條件 conducive有利於 to life.
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也就是創造有利於生命的環境。
15:54
Now in order訂購 to do this, the design設計 challenge挑戰
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現在為了這個目的,
15:58
of our century世紀, I think,
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我們這一世紀的設計挑戰,我想,
16:01
we need a way to remind提醒 ourselves我們自己 of those geniuses天才,
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我們需要時時提醒自己想起那些天才
16:06
and to somehow不知何故 meet遇到 them again.
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並且以某種方式再次與他們見面。
16:09
One of the big ideas思路, one of the big projects項目
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其中一個大創意,其中一個大計畫,
16:11
I've been honored榮幸 to work on
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是我有幸參與的,
16:13
is a new website網站. And I would encourage鼓勵 you all to please go to it.
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關於一個新的網站。而我希望大家去瀏覽它。
16:16
It's called AskNatureAskNature.org組織.
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這網站叫做 AskNature.org.
16:19
And what we're trying to do, in a TEDesqueTEDesque way,
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而我們嘗試沿用TED的風格,
16:22
is to organize組織 all biological生物 information信息
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依照設計上和工程上的功能,
16:24
by design設計 and engineering工程 function功能.
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組織所有生物資訊。
16:28
And we're working加工 with EOLEOL, Encyclopedia百科全書 of Life,
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我們與 EOL (生物百科) 合作,
16:31
Ed埃德 Wilson's威爾遜 TEDTED wish希望.
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達成 Ed Wilson 的TED願望。
16:33
And he's gathering蒐集 all biological生物 information信息
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他正在蒐集各種生物資訊
16:36
on one website網站.
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於一個網站。
16:38
And the scientists科學家們 who are contributing貢獻 to EOLEOL are answering回答 a question,
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而為EOL貢獻心力的科學家都在問一個問題:
16:41
"What can we learn學習 from this organism生物?"
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「我們可以從這種生物身上學到什麼?」
16:44
And that information信息 will go into AskNatureAskNature.org組織.
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然後哪些資訊會放在 AskNature.org 網站上。
16:48
And hopefully希望, any inventor發明者, anywhere隨地 in the world世界,
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希望,任何發明家,不論在世界上的哪裡,
16:51
will be able能夠, in the moment時刻 of creation創建,
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在他們創造的當下,可以輸入:
16:54
to type類型 in, "How does nature性質 remove去掉 salt from water?"
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「大自然如何去除水中的鹽分?」
16:59
And up will come mangroves紅樹林, and sea turtles海龜
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然後結果就會顯示紅樹林和海龜,
17:02
and your own擁有 kidneys腎臟.
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和你的腎臟。
17:04
And we'll begin開始 to
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然後我們會開始
17:07
be able能夠 to
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有能力
17:09
do as Cody科迪 does,
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做到 Cody 所做的事,
17:11
and actually其實 be in touch觸摸
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而且實際上去接觸
17:14
with these incredible難以置信 models楷模,
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這些令人難以置信的模型,
17:17
these elders長老 that have been here
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這些存在久遠的長者,
17:19
far, far longer than we have.
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比我們存在更久、更久。
17:21
And hopefully希望, with their help,
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而且希望,藉由他們的幫助,
17:23
we'll learn學習 how to live生活 on this Earth地球,
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我們能學習如何在地球上生存,
17:26
and on this home that is ours我們的, but not ours我們的 alone單獨.
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生存在我們的家園,但也不單是我們的。
17:30
Thank you very much.
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謝謝大家。
17:32
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by En-ling Lu
Reviewed by huangan chen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Janine Benyus - Science writer, innovation consultant, conservationist
A self-proclaimed nature nerd, Janine Benyus' concept of biomimicry has galvanized scientists, architects, designers and engineers into exploring new ways in which nature's successes can inspire humanity.

Why you should listen

In the world envisioned by science author Janine Benyus, a locust's ability to avoid collision within a roiling cloud of its brethren informs the design of a crash-resistant car; a self-cleaning leaf inspires a new kind of paint, one that dries in a pattern that enables simple rainwater to wash away dirt; and organisms capable of living without water open the way for vaccines that maintain potency even without refrigeration -- a hurdle that can prevent life-saving drugs from reaching disease-torn communities. Most important, these cool tools from nature pull off their tricks while still managing to preserve the environment that sustains them, a life-or-death lesson that humankind is in need of learning.

As a champion of biomimicry, Benyus has become one of the most important voices in a new wave of designers and engineers inspired by nature. Her most recent project, AskNature, explores what happens if we think of nature by function and looks at what organisms can teach us about design.

More profile about the speaker
Janine Benyus | Speaker | TED.com