TED2015
Christopher Soghoian: How to avoid surveillance ... with the phone in your pocket
Christopher Soghoian: 點樣避免你袋裏面部手機俾人監聽？
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致力保護私隱權嘅社運人士 Christopher Soghoian 話︰「邊個聽梗你嘅通話？只要係固網，任何人都可以。」因為喺電話系統裏面係預設咗一個後門，用嚟監聽，俾政府進行截聽。又係啦，外國情報機構或者犯案嘅人都可以噉樣做。Christopher Soghoian 話就係因為呢個原因，有科技公司拒絕政府要求喺流動電話同新嘅訊息系統裡面整噉樣嘅一個後門。就嚟睇下啲科技公司點樣保障你喺通話同埋收發訊息時候嘅私隱。
Christopher Soghoian - Privacy researcher and activist
Christopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights. Full bio
Christopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
For more than 100 years,
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過百年嚟
電話公司一直協助政府監聽
00:15
the telephone companies have provided
wiretapping assistance to governments.
wiretapping assistance to governments.
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00:19
For much of this time,
this assistance was manual.
this assistance was manual.
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好多時協助監聽嘅工作係靠人手
監聽係以人手方式進行
00:22
Surveillance took place manually
and wires were connected by hand.
and wires were connected by hand.
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線路係由人手接駁
00:26
Calls were recorded to tape.
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線路裏面嘅通話會被錄到去錄音帶裡邊
00:29
But as in so many other industries,
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就好似其他好多嘅行業一樣
00:31
computing has changed everything.
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電腦改變咗所有嘢
00:33
The telephone companies
built surveillance features
built surveillance features
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電話公司喺佢哋網路嘅核心地方
00:36
into the very core of their networks.
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設置咗監聽功能
對於呢樣嘢我想停一停
00:39
I want that to sink in for a second:
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00:41
Our telephones and the networks
that carry our calls
that carry our calls
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原來喺我哋通話用嘅電話同網絡
00:45
were wired for surveillance first.
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首要考慮嘅嘢係監聽
00:48
First and foremost.
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係優先而且最重要
意思即係話當你同配偶
00:50
So what that means is that
when you're talking to your spouse,
when you're talking to your spouse,
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小朋友、同事、醫生喺度講電話時
00:54
your children, a colleague
or your doctor on the telephone,
or your doctor on the telephone,
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有人可以聽到你哋嘅對話
00:58
someone could be listening.
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01:00
Now, that someone might
be your own government;
be your own government;
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嗰個人可能係你嘅政府
亦可以係外國政府、一間外國情報機構
01:03
it could also be another government,
a foreign intelligence service,
a foreign intelligence service,
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駭客、犯案嘅人
01:07
or a hacker, or a criminal, or a stalker
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跟蹤者或者監視者
01:10
or any other party that breaks into
the surveillance system,
the surveillance system,
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抑或任何攻得入監聽系統嘅人
01:14
that hacks into the surveillance system
of the telephone companies.
of the telephone companies.
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佢哋都可以入侵電話公司嘅監聽系統
01:19
But while the telephone companies
have built surveillance as a priority,
have built surveillance as a priority,
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但當電話公司以監聽為首要嘅時候
01:24
Silicon Valley companies have not.
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矽谷嘅科技公司就冇噉樣做
01:26
And increasingly,
over the last couple years,
over the last couple years,
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而且喺過去幾年
矽谷嘅科技公司愈嚟愈
喺佢哋嘅通訊產品裏面
喺佢哋嘅通訊產品裏面
01:29
Silicon Valley companies have built
strong encryption technology
strong encryption technology
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發展強大嘅加密技術
01:32
into their communications products
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令到監聽非常之困難
01:34
that makes surveillance
extremely difficult.
extremely difficult.
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01:37
For example, many of you
might have an iPhone,
might have an iPhone,
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譬如話你哋好多人都用 iPhone
01:39
and if you use an iPhone
to send a text message
to send a text message
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如果你用 iPhone 傳送短訊
俾其他用 iPhone 嘅人
俾其他用 iPhone 嘅人
01:42
to other people who have an iPhone,
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嗰啲短訊無法輕易噉俾人截取到
01:44
those text messages
cannot easily be wiretapped.
cannot easily be wiretapped.
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而事實上跟據蘋果公司所講
01:47
And in fact, according to Apple,
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佢哋自己都冇辦法睇到短訊內容
01:49
they're not able to even see
the text messages themselves.
the text messages themselves.
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01:52
Likewise, if you use FaceTime
to make an audio call
to make an audio call
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同樣，如果你用 FaceTime
同你嘅朋友或者心愛嘅人
01:56
or a video call with one of your
friends or loved ones,
friends or loved ones,
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做音訊通話或者視像通話嘅話
同樣都係無法輕易俾人截取到嘅
01:59
that, too, cannot be easily wiretapped.
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而且唔只係蘋果
02:01
And it's not just Apple.
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02:03
WhatsApp, which is now owned by Facebook
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宜家由臉書擁有、全世界用戶有幾億嘅
Whatsapp
02:05
and used by hundreds of millions
of people around the world,
of people around the world,
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都已經喺佢嘅產品裡面
02:08
also has built strong
encryption technology into its product,
encryption technology into its product,
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加咗強大嘅加密系統
呢樣亦代表咗聖公會南半球聯盟嘅人都
02:12
which means that people
in the Global South can easily communicate
in the Global South can easily communicate
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唔使喺佢哋政府 —— 通常係專制政府
02:15
without their governments,
often authoritarian,
often authoritarian,
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截取佢哋嘅短訊嘅情況下輕易噉通訊
02:18
wiretapping their text messages.
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02:21
So, after 100 years of being able
to listen to any telephone call --
to listen to any telephone call --
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經過一百年嚟
都可以任何時間同任何地方偷聽電話
都可以任何時間同任何地方偷聽電話
02:26
anytime, anywhere --
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02:29
you might imagine that government
officials are not very happy.
officials are not very happy.
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你都想像到政府官員
對於唔可以再偷聽會非常唔高興
02:32
And in fact, that's what's happening.
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而且事實上
呢樣嘢係發生梗嘅
02:34
Government officials are extremely mad.
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政府官員宜家好癲
02:36
And they're not mad because
these encryption tools are now available.
these encryption tools are now available.
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他哋之所以癲並唔係因為
呢啲加密工具出現咗
呢啲加密工具出現咗
佢哋最嬲嘅
02:40
What upsets them the most
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02:42
is that the tech companies have built
encryption features into their products
encryption features into their products
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係科技公司已經將加密功能
擺喺佢哋產品裡面
擺喺佢哋產品裡面
02:46
and turned them on by default.
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而且透過預設將佢哋開著
02:48
It's the default piece that matters.
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預設至係重點
簡單嚟講
02:50
In short, the tech companies
have democratized encryption.
have democratized encryption.
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科技公司令加密技術體現咗民主
02:55
And so, government officials
like British Prime Minister David Cameron,
like British Prime Minister David Cameron,
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於是政府官員，好似英國首相卡梅倫噉
都認為所有通訊內容
02:58
they believe that all communications --
emails, texts, voice calls --
emails, texts, voice calls --
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無論係電郵、短訊、語音通話
03:03
all of these should be
available to governments,
available to governments,
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都應該係可以俾政府獲取到嘅
而加密技術令到呢件事困難
03:06
and encryption is making that difficult.
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03:09
Now, look -- I'm extremely sympathetic
to their point of view.
to their point of view.
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我宜家對於佢哋嘅睇法超級同情
我哋唔單止活喺一個危險嘅時候
03:12
We live in a dangerous time
in a dangerous world,
in a dangerous world,
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仲係活喺一個危險嘅世界
03:15
and there really are bad people out there.
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嗰度真係有壞人
有恐怖分子同其他嚴重嘅國家安全威脅
03:17
There are terrorists and other
serious national security threats
serious national security threats
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我估我哋都想聯邦調查局
同國土安全部去監察著
同國土安全部去監察著
03:20
that I suspect we all want
the FBI and the NSA to monitor.
the FBI and the NSA to monitor.
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03:25
But those surveillance
features come at a cost.
features come at a cost.
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但係呢啲監控工作係有成本嘅
03:29
The reason for that is
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噉係因為嗰度冇一樣嘢叫
恐怖分子手提電腦
恐怖分子手提電腦
03:30
that there is no such thing
as a terrorist laptop,
as a terrorist laptop,
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或者毒販手機
03:33
or a drug dealer's cell phone.
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03:34
We all use the same
communications devices.
communications devices.
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我哋都用梗同一樣通訊設備
意思係假如毒販嘅電話通話
03:38
What that means is that
if the drug dealers' telephone calls
if the drug dealers' telephone calls
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或者恐怖份子嘅電話通話可以被截聽
03:42
or the terrorists' telephone calls
can be intercepted,
can be intercepted,
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我哋都一樣可以俾人截聽
03:44
then so can the rest of ours, too.
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我諗我哋真係需要去問
03:46
And I think we really need to ask:
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世界上十億嘅人應唔應該仲用
03:48
Should a billion people
around the world be using devices
around the world be using devices
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03:51
that are wiretap friendly?
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呢啲方便人哋監聽嘅設備呢？
所以我頭先講嘅入侵監聽系統
並唔非係憑空想像嘅
並唔非係憑空想像嘅
03:55
So the scenario of hacking of surveillance
systems that I've described --
systems that I've described --
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03:59
this is not imaginary.
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喺 2009 年
04:01
In 2009,
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谷歌同微軟喺佢哋網絡加設嘅監控系統
04:02
the surveillance systems that Google
and Microsoft built into their networks --
and Microsoft built into their networks --
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一個喺警方合法要求監聽嗰陣
佢哋會提供資料嘅系統
佢哋會提供資料嘅系統
04:06
the systems that they use to respond
to lawful surveillance requests
to lawful surveillance requests
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04:10
from the police --
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就俾中國政府所破解咗
04:11
those systems were compromised
by the Chinese government,
by the Chinese government,
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04:14
because the Chinese government
wanted to figure out
wanted to figure out
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因為中國政府想搵出
美國政府監察佢哋邊個特務
04:16
which of their own agents
the US government was monitoring.
the US government was monitoring.
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04:20
By the same token,
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另一宗破解發生喺2004 年
04:21
in 2004, the surveillance system
built into the network
built into the network
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不明來歷嘅人攻入咗
04:25
of Vodafone Greece --
Greece's largest telephone company --
Greece's largest telephone company --
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希臘最大嘅電話公司
「 Vodafone 希臘」網絡裡面嘅監聽系統
「 Vodafone 希臘」網絡裡面嘅監聽系統
04:28
was compromised by an unknown entity,
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04:30
and that feature,
the surveillance feature,
the surveillance feature,
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個監聽系統就噉俾人
用嚟偷聽希臘總理嘅通話
04:32
was used to wiretap
the Greek Prime Minister
the Greek Prime Minister
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04:35
and members of the Greek cabinet.
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同埋內閣成員嘅通話
04:37
The foreign government or hackers
who did that were never caught.
who did that were never caught.
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做呢單嘢嘅外國政府或者駭客
始終冇被搵到
04:41
And really, this gets to the very problem
with these surveillance features,
with these surveillance features,
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冇錯
監聽系統或者後門存在著好大問題
04:45
or backdoors.
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當你喺通訊網絡或者喺一件科技裏面
04:46
When you build a backdoor
into a communications network
into a communications network
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整一個後門
04:50
or piece of technology,
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你無法子控制邊個會穿過呢個後門
04:51
you have no way of controlling
who's going to go through it.
who's going to go through it.
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04:55
You have no way of controlling
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你冇辦法控制到底邊個會用呢道門
04:56
whether it'll be used by your side
or the other side,
or the other side,
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無論係你自己嘅人、人哋
好人抑或壞人
04:59
by good guys, or by bad guys.
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05:01
And so for that reason,
I think that it's better
I think that it's better
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所以呢個原因我認為
盡可能建立一個安全嘅網絡會比較好
05:04
to build networks
to be as secure as possible.
to be as secure as possible.
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05:08
Yes, this means that in the future,
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呢樣意味著將來
05:10
encryption is going to make
wiretapping more difficult.
wiretapping more difficult.
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加密技術會令監聽更加困難
05:13
It means that the police
are going to have a tougher time
are going to have a tougher time
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意味著警察花喺拉人嘅時間會更艱巨
05:15
catching bad guys.
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05:17
But the alternative would mean
to live in a world
to live in a world
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但如果唔噉做嘅話
我哋就要活喺一個世界
05:19
where anyone's calls or anyone's
text messages could be surveilled
text messages could be surveilled
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任何人嘅通話、短訊都可以俾犯案嘅人
05:23
by criminals, by stalkers
and by foreign intelligence agencies.
and by foreign intelligence agencies.
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跟蹤者或者監視者
同埋外國情報機關監聽
05:27
And I don't want to live
in that kind of world.
in that kind of world.
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而我唔想活喺噉樣嘅世界裡面
05:30
And so right now,
you probably have the tools
you probably have the tools
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所以宜家你可能會有工具阻止政府
05:32
to thwart many kinds
of government surveillance
of government surveillance
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喺你電話、喺你手機裡面
一早進行嘅好多唔同形式嘅監聽
一早進行嘅好多唔同形式嘅監聽
05:35
already on your phones
and already in your pockets,
and already in your pockets,
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05:38
you just might not realize how strong
and how secure those tools are,
and how secure those tools are,
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你只係可能唔清楚啲工具
有幾強大、幾安全
有幾強大、幾安全
或者調返轉你一直通訊嘅方式有幾渣
05:41
or how weak the other ways
you've used to communicate really are.
you've used to communicate really are.
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05:46
And so, my message to you is this:
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所以我想帶出嘅訊息係
05:50
We need to use these tools.
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我哋需要用呢啲工具
05:52
We need to secure our telephone calls.
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去保障我哋通話同短訊嘅保安
05:54
We need to secure our text messages.
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05:56
I want you to use these tools.
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我希望你哋利用呢啲工具
05:58
I want you to tell your loved ones,
I want you to tell your colleagues:
I want you to tell your colleagues:
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話俾你哋深愛嘅人、同事知
叫佢地用加密咗嘅通訊工具
06:02
Use these encrypted communications tools.
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唔好因為平同易用就用佢哋
06:04
Don't just use them
because they're cheap and easy,
because they're cheap and easy,
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要因為有保安至好用佢哋
06:07
but use them because they're secure.
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06:09
Thank you.
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多謝
06:10
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher Soghoian - Privacy researcher and activistChristopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights.
Why you should listen
TED Fellow Christopher Soghoian is a champion of digital privacy rights, with a focus on the role that third-party service providers play in enabling governments to monitor citizens. As the principal technologist at the American Civil Liberties Union, he explores the intersection of federal surveillance and citizen's rights.
Before joining the ACLU, he was the first-ever technologist for the Federal Trade Commision's Division of Privacy and Identity Protection, where he worked on investigations of Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and Netflix. Soghoian is also the creator of Do Not Track, an anti-tracking device that all major web browsers now use, and his work has been cited in court.
Christopher Soghoian | Speaker | TED.com