TED2017
Noriko Arai: Can a robot pass a university entrance exam?
Noriko Arai: Može li robot položiti prijemni ispit na sveučilištu?
Filmed:
Readability: 4.4
1,550,497 views
Upoznajte Todai Robot, projekt umjetne inteligencije koji je na prijemnom ispitu Sveučilišta u Tokiju (skraćeno Todai) postigao rezultat koji ga je svrstao u najboljih 20% studenata -- a zapravo nije ništa razumio. Iako robot neće maturirati u bližoj budućnosti, uspjeh projekta postavlja alarmantna pitanja o budućnosti obrazovanja. Kako možemo pomoći djeci da budu izvrsni u stvarima u kojima će ljudi uvijek biti bolji nego umjetna inteligencija?
Noriko Arai - AI expert
Could an AI pass the entrance exam for the University of Tokyo? Noriko Arai oversees a project that wants to find out. Full bio
Could an AI pass the entrance exam for the University of Tokyo? Noriko Arai oversees a project that wants to find out. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Today, I'm going to talk about AI and us.
0
1014
3660
Danas ću govoriti o nama
i umjetnoj inteligenciji.
i umjetnoj inteligenciji.
00:18
AI researchers have always said
1
6206
2143
Istraživači umjetne inteligencije
uvijek govore
uvijek govore
00:20
that we humans do not need to worry,
2
8373
2594
da se mi ljudi ne trebamo brinuti
00:22
because only menial jobs
will be taken over by machines.
will be taken over by machines.
3
10991
3580
jer će strojevi preuzeti jedino teške,
slabo plaćene poslove.
slabo plaćene poslove.
00:27
Is that really true?
4
15274
1603
Je li to zaista istina?
00:30
They have also said
that AI will create new jobs,
that AI will create new jobs,
5
18365
3827
Također govore da će roboti
stvoriti nova radna mjesta,
stvoriti nova radna mjesta,
00:34
so those who lose their jobs
will find a new one.
will find a new one.
6
22216
3411
tako da oni koji izgube posao,
mogu pronaći novi.
mogu pronaći novi.
00:38
Of course.
7
26264
1355
Naravno.
00:39
But the real question is:
8
27643
2172
No, pravo je pitanje koje se postavlja:
00:41
How many of those
who may lose their jobs to AI
who may lose their jobs to AI
9
29839
4105
Koliko će onih koji
zbog robota izgube posao
zbog robota izgube posao
00:45
will be able to land a new one,
10
33968
2489
biti u mogućnosti ponovno se zaposliti,
00:48
especially when AI is smart enough
to learn better than most of us?
to learn better than most of us?
11
36481
5850
pogotovo kad su roboti dovoljno pametni
da mogu učiti bolje od većine nas?
da mogu učiti bolje od većine nas?
00:55
Let me ask you a question:
12
43397
2185
Da vas pitam:
00:58
How many of you think
13
46666
1798
Koliko vas misli
01:00
that AI will pass the entrance examination
of a top university by 2020?
of a top university by 2020?
14
48488
6094
da će do 2020. g. robot moći riješiti
prijemni ispit vrhunskog sveučilišta?
prijemni ispit vrhunskog sveučilišta?
01:07
Oh, so many. OK.
15
55836
2457
Tako mnogo. OK.
01:10
So some of you may say, "Of course, yes!"
16
58317
4358
Dakle, neki će od vas reći: “Naravno, da!”
01:15
Now singularity is the issue.
17
63369
2134
Problem je jedinstvenost.
01:18
And some others may say, "Maybe,
18
66590
3095
Neki drugi reći će: “Možda bi mogao,
01:21
because AI already won
against a top Go player."
against a top Go player."
19
69709
4508
jednom je već pobijedio
najboljeg igrača igrice Go.”
najboljeg igrača igrice Go.”
01:27
And others may say, "No, never. Uh-uh."
20
75213
3681
A ostali će reći: “Ne, nikad. A-a.”
01:32
That means we do not know
the answer yet, right?
the answer yet, right?
21
80195
3593
To znači da još ne znamo odgovor, zar ne?
01:36
So that was the reason why
I started Todai Robot Project,
I started Todai Robot Project,
22
84268
4960
Dakle, to je razlog zbog kojega sam
započela projekt Todai Robot,
započela projekt Todai Robot,
01:41
making an AI which passes
the entrance examination
the entrance examination
23
89252
3872
tvoreći robota s umjetnom inteligencijom
koji će moći položiti prijemni ispit
koji će moći položiti prijemni ispit
01:45
of the University of Tokyo,
24
93148
2589
na Sveučilištu u Tokiju,
01:47
the top university in Japan.
25
95761
2537
najboljem japanskom sveučilištu.
01:51
This is our Todai Robot.
26
99464
2548
Ovo je naš robot Todai.
01:56
And, of course, the brain of the robot
is working in the remote server.
is working in the remote server.
27
104131
5810
Naravno, njegov mozak radi
preko udaljenog servera.
preko udaljenog servera.
02:02
It is now writing a 600-word essay
28
110747
4222
Trenutno piše 600 riječi dugačak esej
02:06
on maritime trade in the 17th century.
29
114993
4119
o pomorskoj trgovini u 17. stoljeću.
02:11
How does that sound?
30
119136
1765
Kako vam to zvuči?
02:14
Why did I take the entrance exam
as its benchmark?
as its benchmark?
31
122113
4104
Zašto sam uzela
prijemni ispit kao mjerilo?
prijemni ispit kao mjerilo?
02:19
Because I thought we had to study
the performance of AI
the performance of AI
32
127098
4741
Zato što sam smatrala da moramo proučiti
izvedbu umjetne inteligencije
izvedbu umjetne inteligencije
02:23
in comparison to humans,
33
131863
2114
u usporedbi s ljudima,
02:26
especially on the scales and expertise
34
134001
2860
pogotovo u vještinama i znanju
02:28
which are believed
to be acquired only by humans
to be acquired only by humans
35
136885
4088
za koje se smatra
da ih mogu steći samo ljudi
da ih mogu steći samo ljudi
02:32
and only through education.
36
140997
2335
i to samo kroz obrazovanje.
02:35
To enter Todai, the University of Tokyo,
37
143782
4043
Za upis na Todai, Sveučilište u Tokiju,
02:39
you have to pass
two different types of exams.
two different types of exams.
38
147849
4421
potrebno je proći dva tipa ispita.
02:44
The first one is
a national standardized test
a national standardized test
39
152294
3760
Prvi je test standardizirani
02:48
in multiple-choice style.
40
156078
2403
s više mogućih odgovora.
02:50
You have to take seven subjects
41
158505
2455
Potrebno je položiti sedam predmeta
02:52
and achieve a high score --
42
160984
1955
i ostvariti visok rezultat --
02:54
I would say like an 84 percent
or more accuracy rate --
or more accuracy rate --
43
162963
4772
rekla bih, uz točnost od oko 85% ili više,
02:59
to be allowed to take
the second stage written test
the second stage written test
44
167759
4087
da bi se moglo pristupiti drugom,
pisanom dijelu ispita,
pisanom dijelu ispita,
03:03
prepared by Todai.
45
171870
2159
koji priprema Sveučilište.
03:06
So let me first explain
how modern AI works,
how modern AI works,
46
174994
5317
Objasnit ću vam kako funkcionira
današnja umjetna inteligencija
današnja umjetna inteligencija
03:12
taking the "Jeopardy!" challenge
as an example.
as an example.
47
180335
3069
na primjeru kviza Jeopardy.
03:17
Here is a typical "Jeopardy!" question:
48
185539
3079
Ovo je tipično pitanje i kvizu:
03:20
"Mozart's last symphony
shares its name with this planet."
shares its name with this planet."
49
188642
4461
“Posljednja Mozartova simfonija
dijeli ime s ovim planetom.”
dijeli ime s ovim planetom.”
03:26
Interestingly, a "Jeopardy!"
question always asks,
question always asks,
50
194195
4013
Zanimljivo, pitanja tog kviza
03:30
always ends with "this" something:
51
198232
3328
uvijek završavaju riječju “ovaj”,
03:33
"this" planet, "this" country,
52
201584
2827
ovaj planet, ova država,
03:36
"this" rock musician, and so on.
53
204435
2608
ovaj glazbenik itd.
03:39
In other words, "Jeopardy!" doesn't ask
many different types of questions,
many different types of questions,
54
207067
4299
Drugim riječima, Jeopardy ne postavlja
mnogo različitih tipova pitanja,
mnogo različitih tipova pitanja,
03:43
but a single type,
55
211390
1837
već uvijek isti tip,
03:45
which we call "factoid questions."
56
213251
2536
koji zovemo “pitanja o činjenicama”.
03:48
By the way, do you know the answer?
57
216975
2167
Kad već spominjemo, znate li odgovor?
03:53
If you do not know the answer
and if you want to know the answer,
and if you want to know the answer,
58
221980
4055
Kad ne biste znali odgovor,
a htjeli biste ga znati,
a htjeli biste ga znati,
03:58
what would you do?
59
226059
1287
što biste učinili?
04:00
You Google, right? Of course.
60
228160
3132
Potražili na Googleu, zar ne? Naravno.
04:03
Why not?
61
231316
1480
Zašto ne?
04:04
But you have to pick appropriate keywords
62
232820
3592
Ali za pretragu morate odabrati
prikladne ključne riječi,
prikladne ključne riječi,
04:08
like "Mozart," "last"
and "symphony" to search.
and "symphony" to search.
63
236436
4364
kao što su “Mozart”,
“posljednja” i “simfonija”.
“posljednja” i “simfonija”.
04:13
The machine basically does the same.
64
241462
2400
Stroj radi praktički isto to.
04:16
Then this Wikipedia page
will be ranked top.
will be ranked top.
65
244457
4660
Onda vam se na vrhu pojavi
ova stranica s Wikipedije.
ova stranica s Wikipedije.
04:21
Then the machine reads the page.
66
249840
1908
Onda robot pročita tu stranicu.
04:23
No, uh-uh.
67
251772
1171
Ne, a-a.
04:25
Unfortunately, none of the modern AIs,
68
253470
3462
Nažalost, nijedan moderni robot,
04:28
including Watson, Siri and Todai Robot,
69
256956
3968
ni Watson, ni Siri, ni Todai,
04:32
is able to read.
70
260948
1661
ne može čitati.
04:35
But they are very good
at searching and optimizing.
at searching and optimizing.
71
263437
3800
Ali, poprilično su dobri
u pretraživanju i prilagođavanju.
u pretraživanju i prilagođavanju.
04:40
It will recognize
72
268158
2023
Prepoznat će
04:42
that the keywords "Mozart,"
"last" and "symphony"
"last" and "symphony"
73
270866
2935
da se ključne riječi “Mozart”,
“posljednja” i “simfonija”
“posljednja” i “simfonija”
04:45
are appearing heavily around here.
74
273825
2903
često pojavljuju na toj stranici.
04:49
So if it can find a word which is a planet
75
277790
4375
Ako pronađe riječ čije je značenje planet
04:54
and which is co-occurring
with these keywords,
with these keywords,
76
282189
3648
i koja se pojavljuje zajedno
s tim ključnim riječima,
s tim ključnim riječima,
04:57
that must be the answer.
77
285861
1989
mora da je to onda odgovor.
05:00
This is how Watson finds
the answer "Jupiter," in this case.
the answer "Jupiter," in this case.
78
288762
5186
Tako Watson u ovom slučaju
pronađe odgovor “Jupiter”.
pronađe odgovor “Jupiter”.
05:08
Our Todai Robot works similarly,
but a bit smarter
but a bit smarter
79
296433
4049
Todai robot radi na sličan način,
ali je čak i pametniji
ali je čak i pametniji
05:12
in answering history yes-no questions,
80
300506
3239
kad odgovara pitanja iz povijesti
s mogućim odgovorima DA i NE.
s mogućim odgovorima DA i NE.
05:16
like, "'Charlemagne repelled the Magyars.'
Is this sentence true or false?"
Is this sentence true or false?"
81
304560
5663
Npr.: “Karlo Veliki protjerao je Mađare.
Je li ova izjava istinita ili ne?”
Je li ova izjava istinita ili ne?”
05:23
Our robot starts producing
a factoid question,
a factoid question,
82
311181
4073
Naš robot počne to pretvarati
u činjenično pitanje,
u činjenično pitanje,
05:27
like: "Charlemagne repelled
[this person type]" by itself.
[this person type]" by itself.
83
315278
4899
poput: "Karlo Veliki protjerao je
[ovaj narod]".
[ovaj narod]".
05:32
Then, "Avars" but not
"Magyars" is ranked top.
"Magyars" is ranked top.
84
320995
4732
Pri vrhu rezultata pojavi se
riječ Avari, a ne Mađari.
riječ Avari, a ne Mađari.
05:38
This sentence is likely to be false.
85
326357
3049
Onda je velika vjerojatnost
da je rečenica bila neistinita.
da je rečenica bila neistinita.
05:42
Our robot does not read,
does not understand,
does not understand,
86
330772
4860
Naš robot ne može čitati niti razumjeti,
05:48
but it is statistically
correct in many cases.
correct in many cases.
87
336335
4144
ali je statistički
u mnogim slučajevima u pravu.
u mnogim slučajevima u pravu.
05:54
For the second stage written test,
88
342147
2508
U drugom dijelu ispita
05:56
it is required to write
a 600-word essay like this one:
a 600-word essay like this one:
89
344679
5106
potrebno je napisati esej od 600 riječi
prema ovom principu:
prema ovom principu:
06:01
[Discuss the rise and fall
of the maritime trade
of the maritime trade
90
349809
2278
[Objasni uspone i padove
pomorske trgovine
pomorske trgovine
06:04
in East and Southeast Asia
in the 17th century ...]
in the 17th century ...]
91
352111
2422
u istočnoj i jugoistočnoj Aziji
u 17. stoljeću ...]
u 17. stoljeću ...]
06:06
and as I have shown earlier,
92
354557
1387
Kao što sam već pokazala,
06:07
our robot took the sentences
from the textbooks and Wikipedia,
from the textbooks and Wikipedia,
93
355968
4194
robot je preuzeo rečenice
iz udžbenika i s Wikipedije,
iz udžbenika i s Wikipedije,
06:12
combined them together,
94
360186
1961
udružio ih
06:14
and optimized it to produce an essay
95
362171
3619
i prilagodio ih tako
da se može napisati esej,
da se može napisati esej,
06:17
without understanding a thing.
96
365814
2207
a da zapravo ništa nije razumio.
06:20
(Laughter)
97
368045
1737
(Smijeh)
06:21
But surprisingly, it wrote a better essay
98
369806
4895
Začudo, napisao je esej bolje
06:26
than most of the students.
99
374725
1561
nego većina studenata.
06:28
(Laughter)
100
376310
2391
(Smijeh)
06:30
How about mathematics?
101
378725
1529
A što je s matematikom?
06:33
A fully automatic math-solving machine
102
381354
3158
Stroj koji će potpuno samostalno
rješavati matematičke zadatke
rješavati matematičke zadatke
06:36
has been a dream
103
384536
1631
san je mnogih
06:38
since the birth of the word
"artificial intelligence,"
"artificial intelligence,"
104
386191
4679
od samih početaka razvitka
umjetne inteligencije,
umjetne inteligencije,
06:43
but it has stayed at the level
of arithmetic for a long, long time.
of arithmetic for a long, long time.
105
391785
6007
ali dugo je vremena stagnirao
na razini aritmetike.
na razini aritmetike.
06:51
Last year, we finally succeeded
in developing a system
in developing a system
106
399530
5350
Prošle smo godine konačno
uspjeli razviti sustav
uspjeli razviti sustav
06:56
which solved pre-university-level
problems from end to end,
problems from end to end,
107
404904
5173
koji može od početka do kraja riješiti
zadatke potrebne za upis na fakultet,
zadatke potrebne za upis na fakultet,
07:02
like this one.
108
410101
1262
poput ovoga.
07:05
This is the original problem
written in Japanese,
written in Japanese,
109
413648
4002
Ovo je izvorni zadatak
napisan na japanskom.
napisan na japanskom.
07:09
and we had to teach it
2,000 mathematical axioms
2,000 mathematical axioms
110
417674
4397
Morali smo ga naučiti 2000 aksioma
07:14
and 8,000 Japanese words
111
422095
2774
i 8000 japanskih riječi
07:16
to make it accept the problems
written in natural language.
written in natural language.
112
424893
4558
kako bi mogao prepoznati
zadatke napisane običnim jezikom.
zadatke napisane običnim jezikom.
07:22
And it is now translating
the original problems
the original problems
113
430234
3542
Sada može prevesti izvorne zadatke
07:25
into machine-readable formulas.
114
433800
3139
u formule koje računalo može pročitati.
07:30
Weird, but it is now ready
to solve it, I think.
to solve it, I think.
115
438578
6099
Mislim da je sada spreman riješiti ih.
07:36
Go and solve it.
116
444701
1411
Hajde, riješi ih.
07:38
Yes! It is now executing
symbolic computation.
symbolic computation.
117
446818
4284
To! Sada računa i pretvara simbole.
07:44
Even more weird,
118
452030
1580
Vrlo neobično,
07:45
but probably this is the most
fun part for the machine.
fun part for the machine.
119
453634
4825
ali ovo je vjerojatno najzabavniji dio.
07:50
(Laughter)
120
458483
2351
(Smijeh)
07:52
Now it outputs a perfect answer,
121
460858
2815
Sada je izbacio savršeno točan odgovor,
07:55
though its proof is impossible to read,
even for mathematicians.
even for mathematicians.
122
463697
4707
iako bi izvod i dokaz
i matematičarima bilo teško pročitati.
i matematičarima bilo teško pročitati.
08:02
Anyway, last year our robot
was among the top one percent
was among the top one percent
123
470773
6961
Kako god, prošle je godine naš robot
bio među najboljih 1%
bio među najboljih 1%
08:10
in the second stage written
exam in mathematics.
exam in mathematics.
124
478199
3633
u drugom dijelu pisanog ispita
iz matematike.
iz matematike.
08:14
(Applause)
125
482652
3210
(Pljesak)
08:18
Thank you.
126
486412
1311
Hvala.
08:19
So, did it enter Todai?
127
487747
2471
I, je li upisao fakultet?
08:22
No, not as I expected.
128
490981
3058
Ne, iako sam očekivala da hoće.
08:26
Why?
129
494783
1399
Zašto?
08:28
Because it doesn't understand any meaning.
130
496206
2639
Jer ne razumije nikakva značenja.
08:32
Let me show you a typical error
it made in the English test.
it made in the English test.
131
500308
4079
Pokazat ću vam tipičnu pogrešku
koju je radio na ispitu iz engleskog.
koju je radio na ispitu iz engleskog.
08:36
[Nate: We're almost at the bookstore.
Just a few more minutes.
Just a few more minutes.
132
504411
2977
[Nate: Uskoro smo u knjižari.
Još samo nekoliko minuta.]
Još samo nekoliko minuta.]
08:39
Sunil: Wait. ______ .
Nate: Thank you! That always happens ...]
Nate: Thank you! That always happens ...]
133
507412
3039
[Sunil: Čekaj. ______ .
Nate: Hvala! To se uvijek događa ...]
Nate: Hvala! To se uvijek događa ...]
08:42
Two people are talking.
134
510475
1151
Dvoje ljudi razgovara.
08:43
For us, who can understand
the situation --
the situation --
135
511650
2054
Za nas koji možemo razumjeti situaciju --
08:45
[1. "We walked for a long time."
2. "We're almost there."
2. "We're almost there."
136
513704
2773
[1. "Dugo već hodamo."
2. "Uskoro smo tamo."
2. "Uskoro smo tamo."
08:48
3. "Your shoes look expensive."
4. "Your shoelace is untied."]
4. "Your shoelace is untied."]
137
516501
3032
3. "Cipele ti izgledaju skupo."
4. "Odvezala ti se vezica."]
4. "Odvezala ti se vezica."]
08:51
it is obvious number four
is the correct answer, right?
is the correct answer, right?
138
519557
2873
očito je da je točan odgovor
pod brojem 4, zar ne?
pod brojem 4, zar ne?
08:54
But Todai Robot chose number two,
139
522454
2238
No, robot je izabrao broj 2,
08:56
even after learning 15 billion
English sentences
English sentences
140
524716
5360
čak i nakon što je naučio
15 milijardi rečenica
15 milijardi rečenica
09:02
using deep learning technologies.
141
530100
2728
koristeći napredne tehnologije učenja.
09:07
OK, so now you might
understand what I said:
understand what I said:
142
535600
4172
U redu, sad možete razumjeti moju izjavu
09:12
modern AIs do not read,
143
540399
2648
kako roboti ne čitaju,
09:15
do not understand.
144
543071
1413
ne razumiju.
09:17
They only disguise as if they do.
145
545516
3169
Samo se pretvaraju da to mogu.
09:24
This is the distribution graph
146
552867
2981
Ovo je graf distribucije
09:27
of half a million students
who took the same exam as Todai Robot.
who took the same exam as Todai Robot.
147
555872
5777
rezultata pola milijuna studenata
koji su pisali isti ispit kao i robot.
koji su pisali isti ispit kao i robot.
09:34
Now our Todai Robot
is among the top 20 percent,
is among the top 20 percent,
148
562558
5165
Robot je u najboljih 20 posto
09:40
and it was capable to pass
149
568986
2415
i uspio je proći ispit
09:43
more than 60 percent
of the universities in Japan --
of the universities in Japan --
150
571425
3941
na više od 60 posto sveučilišta u Japanu,
09:47
but not Todai.
151
575390
1377
ali ne u Tokiju.
09:50
But see how it is beyond the volume zone
152
578116
4025
No, vidimo da se nalazi iznad područja
09:54
of to-be white-collar workers.
153
582165
2864
gdje su budući zaposlenici na
“finim uredskim poslovima”.
“finim uredskim poslovima”.
10:00
You might think I was delighted.
154
588060
2858
Mogli biste pomisliti
da sam bila presretna.
da sam bila presretna.
10:03
After all, my robot was surpassing
students everywhere.
students everywhere.
155
591939
3971
Naposlijetku, moj je robot nadmašio
velik broj studenata.
velik broj studenata.
10:09
Instead, I was alarmed.
156
597022
2691
Nasuprot, bila sam uznemirena.
10:13
How on earth could this unintelligent
machine outperform students --
machine outperform students --
157
601086
5607
Kako je uopće moguće da ovakav
neinteligentni stroj nadmaši studente,
neinteligentni stroj nadmaši studente,
10:18
our children?
158
606717
1292
našu djecu?
10:20
Right?
159
608033
1153
Zar ne?
10:22
I decided to investigate
what was going on in the human world.
what was going on in the human world.
160
610101
4402
Odlučila sam istražiti
što se to događa s ljudima.
što se to događa s ljudima.
10:28
I took hundreds of sentences
from high school textbooks
from high school textbooks
161
616542
4729
Uzela sam stotine rečenica
iz srednjoškolskih udžbenika
iz srednjoškolskih udžbenika
10:33
and made easy multiple-choice quizzes,
162
621859
3313
i sastavila jednostavne ispite
na zaokruživanje
na zaokruživanje
10:37
and asked thousands
of high school students to answer.
of high school students to answer.
163
625196
4143
te dala tisućama srednjoškolaca da riješe.
10:42
Here is an example:
164
630690
1176
Evo jedan primjer:
10:43
[Buddhism spread to ... ,
Christianity to ... and Oceania,
Christianity to ... and Oceania,
165
631890
2818
[Budizam se proširio na...
kršćanstvo na ... i Oceaniju,
kršćanstvo na ... i Oceaniju,
10:46
and Islam to ...]
166
634732
1151
a islam na...]
10:47
Of course, the original problems
are written in Japanese,
are written in Japanese,
167
635907
2740
Naravno, pitanja su bila napisana
na japanskom,
na japanskom,
njihovom materinjem jeziku.
10:50
their mother tongue.
168
638671
1155
10:51
[ ______ has spread to Oceania.
169
639850
1515
[____ se proširilo na Oceaniju.
10:53
1. Hinduism 2. Christianity
3. Islam 4. Buddhism ]
3. Islam 4. Buddhism ]
170
641389
2417
1. hinduizam 2. kršćanstvo
3. islam 4. budizam]
3. islam 4. budizam]
Očito je da je kršćanstvo
točan odgovor, zar ne?
točan odgovor, zar ne?
10:55
Obviously, Christianity
is the answer, isn't it?
is the answer, isn't it?
171
643830
2299
10:58
It's written!
172
646153
1214
Pa napisano je!
11:01
And Todai Robot chose
the correct answer, too.
the correct answer, too.
173
649482
4026
I robot je izabrao točan odgovor,
11:06
But one-third of junior
high school students
high school students
174
654758
4879
ali trećina učenika
prve godine srednje škole
prve godine srednje škole
11:11
failed to answer this question.
175
659661
2612
nije znala odgovoriti na pitanje.
11:16
Do you think it is only the case in Japan?
176
664456
3159
Mislite li da se to događa samo u Japanu?
11:19
I do not think so,
177
667639
1976
Ne bih baš rekla
11:21
because Japan is always ranked
among the top in OECD PISA tests,
among the top in OECD PISA tests,
178
669639
6371
jer je Japan uvijek bio među najboljima
na OECD PISA testovima,
na OECD PISA testovima,
11:28
measuring 15-year-old
students' performance in mathematics,
students' performance in mathematics,
179
676034
3927
koji ocjenjuju petnaestogodišnje
učenike u matematici,
učenike u matematici,
11:31
science and reading
180
679985
1964
znanosti i čitanju,
11:33
every three years.
181
681973
1636
svake tri godine.
11:39
We have been believing
182
687390
2053
Vjerovali smo
11:41
that everybody can learn
183
689467
2043
da svatko može učiti
11:43
and learn well,
184
691534
1905
i dobro naučiti
11:45
as long as we provide
good learning materials
good learning materials
185
693463
3697
ako pružimo dobre materijale
11:49
free on the web
186
697184
1455
besplatno na internetu,
11:50
so that they can access
through the internet.
through the internet.
187
698663
3069
tako da su lako dostupni.
11:53
But such wonderful materials
may benefit only those who can read well,
may benefit only those who can read well,
188
701756
5859
No, svi ti dobri materijali mogu koristiti
samo onima koji mogu dobro čitati,
samo onima koji mogu dobro čitati,
12:00
and the percentage
of those who can read well
of those who can read well
189
708534
3935
a postotak onih koji to mogu
12:04
may be much less than we expected.
190
712493
3378
mogao bi biti mnogo manji
nego što smo očekivali.
nego što smo očekivali.
12:10
How we humans will coexist with AI
191
718040
4241
Kako će ljudi koegzistirati
s umjetnom inteligencijom,
s umjetnom inteligencijom,
12:14
is something we have
to think about carefully,
to think about carefully,
192
722305
3522
pitanje je koje trebamo dobro razmotriti
12:17
based on solid evidence.
193
725851
2137
i bazirati na čvrstim dokazima.
12:21
At the same time,
we have to think in a hurry
we have to think in a hurry
194
729063
3977
Istovremeno, moramo razmišljati u žurbi
12:25
because time is running out.
195
733064
2402
jer vremena je sve manje.
12:28
Thank you.
196
736106
1162
Hvala vam.
12:29
(Applause)
197
737626
3933
(Pljesak)
12:34
Chris Anderson: Noriko, thank you.
198
742211
2080
Chris Anderson: Noriko, hvala Vam.
12:36
Noriko Arai: Thank you.
199
744315
1765
Noriko Arai: Hvala Vama.
12:38
CA: In your talk, you so beautifully
give us a sense of how AIs think,
give us a sense of how AIs think,
200
746104
5304
Chris: Tijekom govora odlično ste
nam prikazali kako roboti razmišljaju,
nam prikazali kako roboti razmišljaju,
12:43
what they can do amazingly
201
751432
1564
što rade izvrsno,
12:45
and what they can't do.
202
753020
1695
a što ne mogu raditi.
12:46
But -- do I read you right,
203
754739
1494
Ali, jesam li dobro shvatio
12:48
that you think we really need
quite an urgent revolution in education
quite an urgent revolution in education
204
756257
5270
da mislite kako zaista trebamo
hitne promjene u obrazovanju
hitne promjene u obrazovanju
12:53
to help kids do the things
that humans can do better than AIs?
that humans can do better than AIs?
205
761551
4155
kako bi djecu bolje naučili raditi stvari
koje ljudi već rade bolje od robota?
koje ljudi već rade bolje od robota?
12:57
NA: Yes, yes, yes.
206
765730
1328
Noriko: Da, da, da.
12:59
Because we humans
can understand the meaning.
can understand the meaning.
207
767082
4035
Jer mi ljudi možemo razumjeti značenja.
13:03
That is something
which is very, very lacking in AI.
which is very, very lacking in AI.
208
771141
4906
To je nešto što jako nedostaje
u umjetnoj inteligenciji.
u umjetnoj inteligenciji.
13:08
But most of the students
just pack the knowledge
just pack the knowledge
209
776071
4368
Ali, većina studenata
samo “spremi” znanje,
samo “spremi” znanje,
13:12
without understanding
the meaning of the knowledge,
the meaning of the knowledge,
210
780463
3903
a da ne razumije značenje gradiva,
13:16
so that is not knowledge,
that is just memorizing,
that is just memorizing,
211
784390
2809
dakle, to uopće nije pravo znanje,
već samo memoriranje,
već samo memoriranje,
13:19
and AI can do the same thing.
212
787223
2450
a to mogu i roboti.
13:21
So we have to think about
a new type of education.
a new type of education.
213
789697
3631
Dakle, moramo smisliti
novi oblik edukacije.
novi oblik edukacije.
13:25
CA: A shift from knowledge,
rote knowledge, to meaning.
rote knowledge, to meaning.
214
793352
3289
Chris: Zamijeniti učenje napamet
razumijevanjem.
razumijevanjem.
13:28
NA: Mm-hmm.
215
796665
1151
Noriko: Da.
13:29
CA: Well, there's a challenge
for the educators. Thank you so much.
for the educators. Thank you so much.
216
797840
3240
Chris: Onda imamo izazov za profesore.
Hvala Vam puno.
Hvala Vam puno.
13:33
NA: Thank you very much. Thank you.
217
801104
1698
Noriko: Hvala Vama. Hvala.
13:34
(Applause)
218
802826
1185
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Noriko Arai - AI expertCould an AI pass the entrance exam for the University of Tokyo? Noriko Arai oversees a project that wants to find out.
Why you should listen
Noriko Arai is the program director of an AI challenge, Todai Robot Project, which asks the question: Can AI get into the University of Tokyo? The project aims to visualize both the possibilities and the limitation of current AI by setting a concrete goal: a software system that can pass university entrance exams. In 2015 and 2016, Todai Robot achieved top 20 percent in the exams, and passed more than 70 percent of the universities in Japan.
The inventor of Reading Skill Test, in 2017 Arai conducted a large-scale survey on reading skills of high and junior high school students with Japan's Ministry of Education. The results revealed that more than half of junior high school students fail to comprehend sentences sampled from their textbooks. Arai founded the Research Institute of Science for Education to elucidate why so many students fail to read and how she can support them.
Noriko Arai | Speaker | TED.com