TEDGlobal>NYC
Per Espen Stoknes: How to transform apocalypse fatigue into action on global warming
Per Espen Stoknes: Kako pretvoriti zasićenost pričanja o apokalipsi u djelovanje protiv globalnog zatopljavanja
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Najveća prepreka u poduzimanju nečega protiv klimatskih promjena leži između vaših ušiju, tvrdi psiholog i ekonomist Per Espen Stokes. On je godinama proučavao obrane koje koristimo kada izbjegavamo razmišljanja o kraju našeg planeta, ali također i načine novog razgovora o globalnom zatopljenju koji nas sprječavaju od isključenja iz razgovora. Udaljite se od pripovjedanja o propasti i naučite kako učiniti brigu za planetom osobnom i osnažujućom te u granicama vaših mogućnosti s ovim zabavnim i informativnim govorom.
Per Espen Stoknes - Psychologist, economist
Per Espen Stoknes weaves together psychology and economics in imaginative ways, often revolving around our human relationships to the natural world and to each other. Full bio
Per Espen Stoknes weaves together psychology and economics in imaginative ways, often revolving around our human relationships to the natural world and to each other. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
How do we get people engaged
in solving global warming?
in solving global warming?
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Kako da potaknemo ljude da se uključe
u rješavanje globalnog zatopljenja?
u rješavanje globalnog zatopljenja?
00:17
I'd like to start with running
two short experiments with you all.
two short experiments with you all.
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Htio bih početi s dvama
kratkim pokusima s vama.
kratkim pokusima s vama.
00:22
So your task is to notice
if you feel any difference as I speak.
if you feel any difference as I speak.
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Vaš zadatak je primijetiti osjećate li
kakvu razliku dok budem govorio.
kakvu razliku dok budem govorio.
00:27
OK?
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U redu?
00:30
Here we go.
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Krećemo.
00:32
We are seeing rising
carbon dioxide levels,
carbon dioxide levels,
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Vidimo porast u
razinama ugljičnog dioksida,
razinama ugljičnog dioksida,
00:35
now about 410 ppms.
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sad je već oko 410 ppm.
00:38
To avoid the RCP 8.5 scenario,
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Kako bismo izbjegli
scenarij RCP 8,5,
scenarij RCP 8,5,
00:41
we need rapid decarbonization.
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potrebna nam je
ubrzana dekarbonizacija.
ubrzana dekarbonizacija.
00:45
The global carbon budget
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Svjetsko ograničenje za ugljik,
00:47
for 66 percent likelihood
to meet the two-degree target
to meet the two-degree target
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da bi sa 66 % vjerojatnosti
dosegao cilj od 2 °C,
dosegao cilj od 2 °C,
00:50
is approximately 800 gigatons.
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iznosi otprilike 800 gigatona.
00:55
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:58
OK, now let me try something else.
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U redu, probat ću sad nešto drugo.
01:01
We are heading for an uninhabitable earth:
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Prijeti nam Zemlja koja
nije prikladna za stanovanje:
nije prikladna za stanovanje:
01:06
monster storms,
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monstruozne oluje,
01:08
killer floods,
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ubojite poplave,
01:10
devastating wildfires,
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razarujući šumski požari,
01:12
crazy heat waves that will cook us
under a blazing sun.
under a blazing sun.
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ludi valovi topline koji će nas
kuhati na vrelom suncu.
kuhati na vrelom suncu.
01:18
2017 is already so unexpectedly warm,
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2017. je već toliko neočekivano topla,
01:22
it's freaking out climate scientists.
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da zastrašuje klimatske znanstvenike!
01:24
We have a three-year window
to cut emissions, three years.
to cut emissions, three years.
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Imamo tri godine priliku
smanjiti emisije, samo tri.
smanjiti emisije, samo tri.
01:28
If not, we will soon live
in a boiling earth, a hellhole.
in a boiling earth, a hellhole.
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Ako to ne učinimo, živjet
ćemo u paklu na zemlji.
ćemo u paklu na zemlji.
01:36
OK. So --
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U redu, dakle --
01:38
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
01:39
Now your task:
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A sad vaš zadatak:
01:42
How did these ways
of speaking make you feel?
of speaking make you feel?
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Kako se osjećate kad
ste čuli ove načine govora?
ste čuli ove načine govora?
01:45
The first, detached maybe
or just confused?
or just confused?
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Nakon prvog ste se možda
isključili ili samo ostali zbunjeni?
isključili ili samo ostali zbunjeni?
01:49
What's this guy talking about?
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"O čemu ovaj priča?"
01:52
The other, fearful or just numb?
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Nakon drugog možda uplašeno
ili jednostavno otupljeno?
ili jednostavno otupljeno?
Još jednom pitanje
koje sam postavio:
koje sam postavio:
01:56
So again, the question I asked:
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01:58
How do we get people engaged
in solving global warming?
in solving global warming?
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Kako da potaknemo ljude da se uključe
u rješavanje globalnog zatopljenja?
u rješavanje globalnog zatopljenja?
02:02
And why don't these two ways
of communicating work?
of communicating work?
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I zašto ova dva oblika
komunikacije o tome ne djeluju?
komunikacije o tome ne djeluju?
02:06
You see, the biggest obstacle
to dealing with climate disruptions
to dealing with climate disruptions
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E pa, najveća prepreka u
djelovanju protiv klimatskih promjena
djelovanju protiv klimatskih promjena
02:10
lies between your ears.
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leži između vaših ušiju.
02:13
Building on a rapidly growing body
of psychology and social science,
of psychology and social science,
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Oslanjajući se na rastuću literaturu
psihologije i društvenih znanosti,
psihologije i društvenih znanosti,
02:17
I spent years looking
into the five inner defenses
into the five inner defenses
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proveo sam godine istražujući
pet unutrašnjih obrana
pet unutrašnjih obrana
02:21
that stop people from engaging.
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koja zaustavljaju ljude od uključivanja.
02:23
When people hear news about the climate
coming straight at them,
coming straight at them,
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Kad ljudi čuju vijesti o
klimi koja će ih napasti,
klimi koja će ih napasti,
02:27
the first defense comes up rapidly:
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oni postave prvu obranu:
02:31
distance.
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udaljavanje.
02:33
When we hear about the climate,
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Kad čujemo nešto o klimi,
02:34
we hear about something
far away in space --
far away in space --
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mi čujemo o nečemu
dalekom u svemiru --
dalekom u svemiru --
02:36
think Arctic ice, polar bears --
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Zamišljate arktički led,
polarne medvjede --
polarne medvjede --
02:39
far away in time -- think 2100.
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sve vremenski udaljeno,
recimo 2100. godina.
recimo 2100. godina.
02:43
It's huge and slow-moving --
think gigatons and centuries.
think gigatons and centuries.
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Ogromna je i sporo se kreće.
Razmišljamo u gigatonama i stoljećima.
Razmišljamo u gigatonama i stoljećima.
02:48
So it's not here. It's not now.
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Dakle, ona nije ovdje. Ona nije sada.
Budući da se čini
toliko dalekom od mene,
toliko dalekom od mene,
02:53
Since it feels so far away from me,
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02:54
it seems outside my circle of influence,
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čini se izvan mog kruga utjecaja,
zato se osjećam bespomoćno u vezi s tim.
02:58
so I feel helpless about it.
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03:00
There's nothing I can do.
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Ništa ja tu ne mogu učiniti.
03:03
In our everyday lives,
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U našem svakodnevnom životu,
03:04
most of us prefer to think
about nearer things,
about nearer things,
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većina nas više voli misliti
o stvarima koje su nam bliže,
o stvarima koje su nam bliže,
03:07
such as our jobs, our kids,
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poput posla, djece,
03:09
how many likes we get on Facebook.
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koliko lajkova smo dobili na Facebooku.
03:12
Now, that, that's real.
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E sad to, to je stvarno.
03:16
Next defense is doom.
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Sljedeća obrana je propast.
03:20
Climate change is usually framed
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Klimatska promjena se uglavnom predstavlja
03:23
as a looming disaster,
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kao neka naziruća propast,
03:25
bringing losses, cost and sacrifice.
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koja donosi gubitak, trošak i žrtvu.
03:27
That makes us fearful.
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To nas čini uplašenima.
03:30
But after the first fear is gone,
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Ali čim nas prođe taj prvi strah,
03:33
my brain soon wants
to avoid this topic altogether.
to avoid this topic altogether.
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moj mozak želi
potpuno izbjeći ovu temu.
potpuno izbjeći ovu temu.
03:38
After 30 years of scary
climate change communications,
climate change communications,
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Nakon 30 godina strašnih
priča o klimatskim promjenama,
priča o klimatskim promjenama,
03:41
more than 80 percent of media articles
still use disaster framings,
still use disaster framings,
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više od 80 % medijskih članaka
još uvijek koriste izraze propasti,
još uvijek koriste izraze propasti,
03:46
but people habituate to and then --
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ali ljudi se naviknu na to i onda
03:51
desensitize
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otupe
03:52
to doom overuse.
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na pretjerano korištenje propasti.
03:54
So many of us are now suffering
a kind of apocalypse fatigue,
a kind of apocalypse fatigue,
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Toliko mnogo nas sad pati od
nekog oblika zasićenosti apokalipsom,
nekog oblika zasićenosti apokalipsom,
03:59
getting numb from too much collapse porn.
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postajemo tupi od
previše eksplicitnog kolapsa.
previše eksplicitnog kolapsa.
04:03
The third defense is dissonance.
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Treća obrana je nesklad.
04:06
Now, if what we know,
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E sad, ako znamo
da uporaba fosilnog goriva
doprinosi globalnom zatopljenju,
doprinosi globalnom zatopljenju,
04:09
that fossil fuel use
contributes to global warming,
contributes to global warming,
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kosi s onim što radimo --
vožnjom, letom, jedenjem govedine --
vožnjom, letom, jedenjem govedine --
04:12
conflicts with what we do --
drive, fly, eat beef --
drive, fly, eat beef --
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04:14
then so-called
cognitive dissonance sets in.
cognitive dissonance sets in.
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onda nastupa takozvani
kognitivni nesklad.
kognitivni nesklad.
04:18
This is felt as an inner discomfort.
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Njega osjećamo kao
unutrašnju nelagodnost.
unutrašnju nelagodnost.
04:20
We may feel like hypocrites.
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Možda se osjećamo kao licemjerci.
04:22
To get rid of this discomfort,
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Kako bi se riješio ove nelagode,
04:25
our brain starts coming up
with justifications.
with justifications.
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naš mozak počne smišljati opravdanja.
04:28
So I can say, for instance,
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Zato mogu reći, na primjer,
04:30
"My neighbor, he has
a much bigger car than I do."
a much bigger car than I do."
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"Moj susjed ima puno
veći auto od mene"
veći auto od mene"
04:34
Or, "Changing my diet
doesn't amount to anything
doesn't amount to anything
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ili "Mijenjanje moje
prehrane nema smisla,
prehrane nema smisla,
04:38
if I am the only one to do it."
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ako sam ja jedini koji to radi".
04:41
Or, I could even want
to doubt climate science itself.
to doubt climate science itself.
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Ili bih mogao htjeti sumnjati
u cijelu znanost vezanu uz klimu.
u cijelu znanost vezanu uz klimu.
04:45
I could say, "You know,
climate is always changing."
climate is always changing."
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Mogao bih reći: "Znaš,
klima se uvijek mijenja".
klima se uvijek mijenja".
04:51
So these justifications
make us all feel better,
make us all feel better,
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Tako da se s ovim
opravdanjima osjećamo bolje,
opravdanjima osjećamo bolje,
04:53
but at the expense
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ali cijena toga je
04:56
of dismissing what we know.
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odbacivanje onoga što znamo.
04:58
Thus, behavior drives attitudes.
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Stoga, ponašanje upravlja stavovima.
05:03
My personal cognitive dissonance comes up
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Moj se kognitivni nesklad pojavljuje
05:06
when I recognize that I've been
flying from Oslo to New York
flying from Oslo to New York
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kad shvatim da sam
letio iz Osla u New York,
letio iz Osla u New York,
05:10
and back to Oslo
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i zatim natrag u Oslo,
05:11
in order to speak about the climate.
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kako bih pričao o klimi.
05:14
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:16
For 14 minutes.
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Za 14 minuta govora.
05:17
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:21
So that makes me
want to move on to denial.
want to move on to denial.
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Tako da me to tjera
da pređem na poricanje.
da pređem na poricanje.
05:23
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:26
So if we keep silent,
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Dakle, ako šutimo,
05:28
ignore or ridicule facts
about climate disruptions,
about climate disruptions,
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ignoriramo ili se rugamo činjenicama
o klimatskim remećenjima,
o klimatskim remećenjima,
05:32
then we might find inner refuge
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onda bismo mogli
pronaći unutarnje sklonište
pronaći unutarnje sklonište
05:34
from fear and guilt.
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od straha i osjećaja krivnje.
05:37
Denial doesn't really come
from lack of intelligence or knowledge.
from lack of intelligence or knowledge.
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Poricanje ne proizlazi iz
manjka inteligencije i znanja.
manjka inteligencije i znanja.
05:40
No, denial is a state of mind
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Ne, poricanje je stanje uma
05:44
in which I may be aware
of some troubling knowledge,
of some troubling knowledge,
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na kojem bi mogao biti svjestan
nekog zabrinjujućeg znanja,
nekog zabrinjujućeg znanja,
05:47
but I live and act as if I don't know.
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ali ja živim i ponašam se
kao da to ne znam.
kao da to ne znam.
05:50
So you could call it
a kind of double life,
a kind of double life,
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Stoga, mogli bismo to nazvati
vrstom dvostrukog života,
vrstom dvostrukog života,
05:53
both knowing and not knowing,
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i znati i ne znati.
05:54
and often this is reinforced by others,
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To nam često potvrđuju i drugi,
05:57
my family or community,
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naša obitelj i zajednica,
05:58
agreeing not to raise this tricky topic.
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slažući se da se ovu
riskantnu temu ne spominje.
riskantnu temu ne spominje.
06:03
Finally, identity.
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Na kraju dolazimo do identiteta.
06:07
Alarmed climate activists
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Uzrujani klimatski aktivisti
06:10
demand that government takes action,
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zahtijevaju da vlada poduzme nešto,
06:13
either with regulation or carbon taxes.
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ili s uredbama ili s porezom na ugljik.
06:15
But consider what happens
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Međutim, razmotrite što se dogodi
06:17
when people who hold
conservative values, for instance,
conservative values, for instance,
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kad ljudi koji drže do
tradicionalnih vrijednosti, na primjer,
tradicionalnih vrijednosti, na primjer,
06:21
hear from an activist that government
ought to expand even further.
ought to expand even further.
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čuju od aktivista da bi vlada
trebala povećati broj zastupnika.
trebala povećati broj zastupnika.
06:26
Particularly in rich Western democracies,
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Pogotovo u bogatim zapadnim zemljama,
06:28
they are then less likely
to believe that science.
to believe that science.
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za njih je tek malo vjerojatno
da će vjerovati u tu znanost.
da će vjerovati u tu znanost.
06:33
How is that?
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Zašto je tome tako?
06:34
Well, if I hold conservative
values, for instance,
values, for instance,
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E pa, ako držim do
tradicionalnih vrijednosti,
tradicionalnih vrijednosti,
06:38
I probably prefer big proper cars
and small government
and small government
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vjerojatno preferiram
masivne aute i malu vladu,
masivne aute i malu vladu,
06:42
over tiny, tiny cars and huge government.
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nego sićušne aute i ogromnu vladu.
06:47
And if climate science comes and then says
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A kad bi znanost o klimi došla i rekla
06:50
government should expand further,
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da bi se vlada trebala povećati,
06:52
then I probably
will trust that science less.
will trust that science less.
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onda bih vjerojatno manje
vjerovao toj znanosti.
vjerovao toj znanosti.
06:58
In this way, cultural identity
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Na ovaj način kulturni identitet
07:01
starts to override the facts.
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počinje nadglašavati činjenice.
07:03
The values eat the facts,
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Vrijednosti pojedu činjenice,
07:05
and my identity trumps truth any day.
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a moj identitet pobjeđuje istinu.
07:11
So, after recognizing
how these five D's kill engagement,
how these five D's kill engagement,
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Dakle, nakon prepoznavanja
kako ovih pet obrana ubijaju uključenje,
kako ovih pet obrana ubijaju uključenje,
07:16
how can we move beyond them?
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kako ih premostiti?
07:19
New research shows
how we can flip these five defenses
how we can flip these five defenses
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Nova istraživanja pokazuju
kako možemo ovih pet obrana pretvoriti
kako možemo ovih pet obrana pretvoriti
07:22
over into key success criteria
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u kriterije ključne za uspjeh
07:25
for a more brain-friendly
climate communication.
climate communication.
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u razgovoru o klimi koji je
mozgu pristupačniji.
mozgu pristupačniji.
07:28
So this is where it gets really exciting
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Ovdje stvari postaju uzbudljivije
07:32
and where we find the five S's,
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i gdje se susrećemo s pet rješenja,
07:35
the five evidence-based solutions
for what does work.
for what does work.
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rješenja temeljenih na
dokazima o učinkovitosti.
dokazima o učinkovitosti.
07:40
First, we can flip distance to social.
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Prvo, udaljenost ćemo
pretvoriti u društvenost.
pretvoriti u društvenost.
07:43
We can make climate feel
near, personal and urgent
near, personal and urgent
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Možemo učiniti klimu bliskom,
osobnom i hitnom,
osobnom i hitnom,
07:47
by bringing it home,
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tako da je postanemo svjesni,
07:50
and we can do that
by spreading social norms
by spreading social norms
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a to možemo učiniti tako
da širimo drušvene norme
da širimo drušvene norme
07:53
that are positive to solutions.
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koje su pozitivne prema rješenjima.
07:55
If I believe my friends or neighbors,
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Ako vjerujem da će
moji prijatelji, susjedi
moji prijatelji, susjedi
07:58
you guys, will do something,
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ili vi u publici poduzeti nešto,
07:59
then I will, too.
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onda ću i ja.
08:02
We can see, for instance,
this from rooftop solar panels.
this from rooftop solar panels.
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Možemo vidjeti ovo, primjerice,
iz solarnih panela za krovove.
iz solarnih panela za krovove.
08:05
They are spreading from neighbor
to neighbor like a virus.
to neighbor like a virus.
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Šire se od susjeda
do susjeda poput virusa.
do susjeda poput virusa.
08:08
It's contagious.
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Zarazno je.
08:09
This is the power of peer-to-peer
creating the new normal.
creating the new normal.
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To je moć umreženosti
koja stvara novu normalu.
koja stvara novu normalu.
08:14
Next, we can flip doom to supportive.
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Sljedeće je pretvaranje
propasti u podršku.
propasti u podršku.
08:17
Rather than backfiring frames
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Umjesto da šaljemo negativnu sliku
08:19
such as disaster and cost,
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kao što je propast i trošak,
08:22
we can reframe climate
as being really about human health,
as being really about human health,
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možemo pretvoriti klimu
u nešto što se tiče ljudskog zdravlja,
u nešto što se tiče ljudskog zdravlja,
08:28
for instance, with plant-based
delicious burgers,
delicious burgers,
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primjerice, ako imamo ukusne
hamburgere biljnog porijekla,
hamburgere biljnog porijekla,
08:32
good for you and good for the climate.
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dobro je za tebe i dobro je za klimu.
08:35
We can also reframe climate
as being about new tech opportunities,
as being about new tech opportunities,
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Možemo također pretvoriti klimu u nešto
što se tiče novih tehnoloških mogućnosti,
što se tiče novih tehnoloških mogućnosti,
08:38
about safety and about new jobs.
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sigurnosti i novih poslova.
Poslovi vezani uz solarnu energiju,
primjerice, u izvrsnom su porastu.
primjerice, u izvrsnom su porastu.
08:43
Solar jobs, for instance,
are seeing an amazing growth.
are seeing an amazing growth.
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08:45
They just passed
the three million jobs mark.
the three million jobs mark.
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Upravo su premašili brojku
od tri milijuna poslova.
od tri milijuna poslova.
08:49
Psychology says,
in order to create engagement,
in order to create engagement,
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Psihologija kaže da u svrhu
stvaranja uključenja,
stvaranja uključenja,
08:52
we should present, on balance,
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trebamo stvoriti, kao ravnotežu,
08:54
three positive or supportive framings
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tri pozitivna ili podržavajuća okvira
08:58
for each climate threat we mention.
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za svaku prijetnju klimi koju spomenemo.
09:00
Then we can flip dissonance
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Zatim možemo pretvoriti nesklad
09:03
to simpler actions.
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u jednostavnija djelovanja.
09:05
This is often called nudging.
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To često zovemo poticanje.
09:07
The idea is, by better
choice architecture,
choice architecture,
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Ideja je da, s boljom
strukturom izbora,
strukturom izbora,
09:12
we can make the climate-friendly behaviors
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možemo učiniti ponašanja
prijateljski nastrojena prema klimi
prijateljski nastrojena prema klimi
09:16
default and convenient.
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automatskim i prikladnim.
09:19
Let me illustrate this. Take food waste.
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Dozvolite da pojasnim.
Primjerice s otpadom od hrane.
Primjerice s otpadom od hrane.
09:22
Food waste at buffets goes way down
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Otpad od hrane na bifeima
uvelike se smanjuje,
uvelike se smanjuje,
09:25
if the plate or the box size
is reduced a little,
is reduced a little,
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ako se veličina tanjura
ili kutija malo smanji,
ili kutija malo smanji,
09:29
because on the smaller plate it looks full
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jer manji tanjur izgleda puniji hranom,
09:32
but in the big box it looks half empty,
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dok ogromna kutija izgleda praznija,
09:35
so we put more in.
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zato ju više punimo hranom.
09:36
So smaller plates make
a big difference for food waste.
a big difference for food waste.
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Dakle, manji tanjuri čine veliku
razliku za smanjenje otpada od hrane.
razliku za smanjenje otpada od hrane.
09:40
And there are hundreds
of smart nudges like this.
of smart nudges like this.
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A postoje stotine pametnih
poticaja poput toga.
poticaja poput toga.
09:43
The point is, dissonance goes down
as more behaviors are nudged.
as more behaviors are nudged.
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Bit je u tome da se nesklad
smanjuje, što se više ponašanja potiču.
smanjuje, što se više ponašanja potiču.
09:47
Then we can flip denial
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Zatim možemo preokrenuti poricanje
09:51
by tailoring signals
that visualize our progress.
that visualize our progress.
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krojenjem signala
koji vizualiziraju naš pomak.
koji vizualiziraju naš pomak.
09:55
We can provide motivating feedback
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Možemo stvoriti motivirajuće
povratne informacije,
povratne informacije,
09:57
on how well we're doing
with our problem-solving.
with our problem-solving.
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o tome ide li nam dobro s
našim rješavanjem problema.
našim rješavanjem problema.
10:01
Say you improved your transport footprint
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Recimo da ste smanjili zagađenje
zbog prijevoza
zbog prijevoza
10:03
or cut energy waste in your buildings.
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ili smanjili potrošnju
struje u svojoj zgradi.
struje u svojoj zgradi.
10:06
Then one app that can
share this well is called Ducky.
share this well is called Ducky.
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E pa, jedna aplikacija
u kojoj to možete podijeliti je Ducky.
u kojoj to možete podijeliti je Ducky.
10:10
The idea is, you log your actions there,
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Ideja je da u njoj bilježite sve,
10:12
and then you can see how well
your team or company is doing,
your team or company is doing,
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a onda možete vidjeti
napredak svog tima ili tvrtke.
napredak svog tima ili tvrtke.
10:16
so you get real-time signals.
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Dobivate signale u stvarnom vremenu.
10:18
Finally, identity.
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Konačno, identitet.
10:22
We can flip identity with better stories.
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Možemo preokrenuti
identitet boljim pričama.
identitet boljim pričama.
10:25
Our brain loves stories.
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Naš mozak obožava priče.
10:28
So we need better stories
of where we all want to go,
of where we all want to go,
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Stoga, trebaju nam bolje
priče o tome kuda želimo ići
priče o tome kuda želimo ići
10:31
and we need more stories
of the heroes and heroines
of the heroes and heroines
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i treba nam više priča
o herojima i heroinama
o herojima i heroinama
10:34
of all stripes that are
making real change happen.
making real change happen.
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svih vrsta koji čine
pravu promjenu.
pravu promjenu.
10:39
I'm proud that my hometown of Oslo
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Ponosim se što se moj rodni grad Oslo
10:43
is now embarking on a bold journey
of electrifying all transport,
of electrifying all transport,
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smjelo upustio u pretvaranje
svog transporta električnim,
svog transporta električnim,
10:47
whether cars, bikes or buses.
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bilo auta, motora ili buseva.
10:51
One of the people
spearheading this is Christina Bu.
spearheading this is Christina Bu.
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Jedna od osoba koja
predvodi ovo je Christina Bu.
predvodi ovo je Christina Bu.
10:54
She is heading the Electric
Vehicle Association for years
Vehicle Association for years
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Na čelu je Udruge električnih
vozila već godinama
vozila već godinama
10:58
and she has been fighting every day.
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i bori se svakog dana.
11:00
Now, the UK and France, India and China
have also announced plans
have also announced plans
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Sada su i UK-a, Francuska, Indija
i Kina također najavile planove
i Kina također najavile planove
11:05
for ending the sales of fossil cars.
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o skončavanju prodaje auta na gorivo.
11:07
Now, that's massive.
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E sad, to je ogromno.
11:09
And in Oslo, we can see
how enthusiastic EV owners
how enthusiastic EV owners
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I također, u Oslu možemo vidjeti kako
uzbuđeni vlasnici elektroničkih vozila
uzbuđeni vlasnici elektroničkih vozila
11:14
go and tell their electric stories
to friends and neighbors
to friends and neighbors
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šire svoje električne priče
prijateljima i susjedima
prijateljima i susjedima
11:18
and bring them along.
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i uvedu i njih u priču.
11:19
So we come full circle
from story back to social.
from story back to social.
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Tako da napravimo puni
krug od priče do društvenog rješenja.
krug od priče do društvenog rješenja.
11:25
So thousands of climate communicators
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Tisuće govornika o klimi
11:28
are now starting to use these solutions
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sada počinju koristiti ova rješenja
11:31
all over the world.
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svuda po svijetu.
11:32
It is clear, however,
that individual solutions
that individual solutions
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Jasno je, međutim,
da individualna rješenja
da individualna rješenja
11:36
are not sufficient
to solving climate alone,
to solving climate alone,
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nisu dovoljna za rješavanje
klime sama po sebi,
klime sama po sebi,
11:39
but they do build
stronger bottom-up support
stronger bottom-up support
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ali ona izgrađuju
snažniju temeljnu potporu
snažniju temeljnu potporu
11:46
for policies and solutions that can.
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za politiku i rješenja koja mogu.
11:49
That is why engaging people is so crucial.
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Zato je ključno da se ljudi uključe.
11:54
I started this talk
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Započeo sam ovaj govor
11:56
with testing two ways
of communicating climate with you.
of communicating climate with you.
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s provjeravanjem dvaju
načina razgovora o klimi s vama.
načina razgovora o klimi s vama.
12:01
There is another way, too,
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Postoji i drukčiji način.
12:03
I'd like to share with you.
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Htio bih ga podijeliti s vama.
12:05
It starts with reimagining climate itself
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Počinje sa zamišljanjem same klime
12:08
as the living air.
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kao zraka koji udišemo.
12:11
Climate isn't really
about some abstract, distant climate
about some abstract, distant climate
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Klima nije uistinu
neka apstraktna, udaljena klima
neka apstraktna, udaljena klima
12:14
far, far away from us.
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skroz daleko od nas.
12:15
It's about this air that surrounds us.
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Riječ je o ovom zraku koji nas okružuje.
12:18
This air, you can feel in this room, too,
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Ovom zraku kojeg možete
osjetiti i u ovoj sobi.
osjetiti i u ovoj sobi.
12:21
the air that moves
right now in your nostrils.
right now in your nostrils.
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Zraku koji vam trenutno
prolazi kroz nosnice.
prolazi kroz nosnice.
12:25
This air is our earth's skin.
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Ovaj zrak je koža naše Zemlje.
12:29
It's amazingly thin,
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Nevjerojatno je tanak,
12:31
compared to the size of the earth
and the cosmos it shields us from,
and the cosmos it shields us from,
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kad ga usporedimo s veličinom
Zemlje i kozmosa od kojeg nas štiti.
Zemlje i kozmosa od kojeg nas štiti.
12:36
far thinner than the skin of an apple
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Daleko je tanji od kore od jabuke,
12:38
compared to its diameter.
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kad usporedimo s njezinim promjerom.
12:41
It may look infinite when we look up,
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Može izgledati beskonačnim
kada pogledamo gore,
kada pogledamo gore,
12:45
but the beautiful, breathable air
is only like five to seven miles thin,
is only like five to seven miles thin,
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ali ovaj prekrasan, prozračan zrak,
samo je 8-11 kilometara tanak.
samo je 8-11 kilometara tanak.
12:50
a fragile wrapping around a massive ball.
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Krhki omot oko ogromne kugle.
12:55
Inside this skin,
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Unutar ove kore,
12:57
we're all closely connected.
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svi smo blisko povezani.
13:00
The breath that you just took
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Dah koji ste upravo udahnuli
13:03
contained around 400,000
of the same argon atoms
of the same argon atoms
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sadržavao je oko
400.000 istih atoma argona
400.000 istih atoma argona
13:08
that Gandhi breathed during his lifetime.
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koje je i Gandhi udahnuo
tijekom svog života.
tijekom svog života.
13:12
Inside this thin,
fluctuating, unsettled film,
fluctuating, unsettled film,
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Unutar ovog tankog,
nepostojanog, nesređenog ovitka,
nepostojanog, nesređenog ovitka,
13:16
all of life is nourished,
protected and held.
protected and held.
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sav se život njeguje,
štiti i održava.
štiti i održava.
13:21
It insulates and regulates temperatures
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Ono izolira i
regulira temperature
regulira temperature
13:23
in a range that is just right
for water and for life as we know it,
for water and for life as we know it,
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u rasponu gdje je baš taman
za vodu i za život kakve znamo.
za vodu i za život kakve znamo.
13:27
and mediating between
the blue ocean and black eternity,
the blue ocean and black eternity,
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I posreduje između
plavog oceana i crne vječnosti.
plavog oceana i crne vječnosti.
13:31
the clouds carry
all the billions of tons of water
all the billions of tons of water
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Oblaci prenose sve
milijarde tona vode
milijarde tona vode
13:34
needed for the soils.
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potrebne za tlo.
13:36
The air fills the rivers,
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Zrak puni rijeke,
13:39
stirs the waters,
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uznemiruje vode,
13:41
waters the forests.
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navodnjava šume.
13:42
With a global weirding of the weather,
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S globalnim začudnjavanjem vremena,
13:45
there are good reasons
for feeling fear and despair,
for feeling fear and despair,
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postoje dobri razlozi za
osjećanje straha i očaja.
osjećanje straha i očaja.
13:51
yet we may first grieve
today's sorry state and losses
today's sorry state and losses
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Možemo prvo oplakivati
žalosno današnje stanje i gubitke
žalosno današnje stanje i gubitke
13:56
and then turn to face the future
with sober eyes and determination.
with sober eyes and determination.
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i zatim se okrenuti prema budućnosti
trijeznih očiju i s odlučnošću.
trijeznih očiju i s odlučnošću.
14:02
The new psychology of climate action
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Nova psihologija
djelovanja u vezi s klimom
djelovanja u vezi s klimom
14:05
lies in letting go, not of science,
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leži u odustajanju, ne od znanosti,
14:08
but of the crutches
of abstractions and doomism,
of abstractions and doomism,
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već od prepreka apstrakcije i propasti,
14:12
and then choosing to tell the new stories.
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i zatim biranju novih priča.
14:15
These are the stories
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To su priče
14:17
of how we achieve drawdown,
the reversing of global warming.
the reversing of global warming.
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o postizanju povlačenja,
preokretanja klimatskog zatopljenja.
preokretanja klimatskog zatopljenja.
14:20
These are the stories of the steps we take
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To su priče o koracima koje poduzimamo
14:25
as peoples, cities, companies
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kao ljudi, gradovi, tvrtke
14:28
and public bodies
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i javna tijela
14:30
in caring for the air
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u brizi o zraku,
14:32
in spite of strong headwinds.
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unatoč snažnim suprotnim vjetrovima.
14:36
These are the stories of the steps we take
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To su priče o poduzimanju koraka
14:38
because they ground us
in what we are as humans:
in what we are as humans:
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jer nas prizemljavaju u
onome što i jesmo kao ljudi:
onome što i jesmo kao ljudi:
14:42
earthlings inside this living air.
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zemljani unutar ovog živućeg zraka.
14:48
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
14:49
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Per Espen Stoknes - Psychologist, economistPer Espen Stoknes weaves together psychology and economics in imaginative ways, often revolving around our human relationships to the natural world and to each other.
Why you should listen
Are humans inevitably short-term? This question has guided Per Espen Stoknes's research over the last decades, from psychology through economics to strategic business scenarios. But gradually, he's reframed it into a more positive twist: Under what conditions will humans take action for the long term in their everyday behaviors?
Stoknes works as the director for Center for Green Growth at the Norwegian Business School in Oslo. He's received several "Best Professor" awards for his original teaching style. As both an economist, author and psychologist, he's been working closely with organizational and business leaders throughout Scandinavia, the European Union as well as the Americas and Asia. In 2017-2018 he’s representing the Green Party in the Norwegian parliament.
His latest book is What We Think About When We Try Not To Think About Global Warming, which won the American Libraries Association’s "Outstanding Academic Title" award for 2015.
Educated as a psychologist at the University of Oslo, Stoknes has since supplemented this with studies in organizational theory, philosophy and a PhD in economics. He has worked both as a clinical psychologist and strategy consultant, bringing imagination and creative expression into these spheres.
A popular speaker throughout Scandinavia, Stoknes lives in central Oslo. But he heads off to northern mountains or to his forest cabin in order to feel the free winds and get awe-struck as often as occasion allows.
Per Espen Stoknes | Speaker | TED.com