TED2018
Yasmin Green: How technology can fight extremism and online harassment
Jasmin Grin (Yasmin Green): Kako se tehnologijom možemo boriti protiv ekstremizma i uznemiravanja na internetu
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Može li tehnologija da načini ljude sigurnijim od pretnji kao što su nasilni ekstremizam, cenzura i progon? U ovom prosvetljujućem razgovoru, tehnološkinja Jasmin Grin opisuje programe nastale u "Slagalici" (jedinica unutar Alphabet Inc-a, skup kompanija koje takođe uključuju Gugl) za borbu protiv radikalizacije i uznemiravanja na internetu - uključujući projekat koji može da da ljudima koji ostavljaju komentare povratnu informaciju u realnom vremenu o tome kako njihove reči mogu biti shvaćene, što je već povećalo mesta za dijalog. "Ako smo ikada mislili da možemo da izgradimo internet izolovan od mračne strane čovečanstva, pogrešili smo," kaže Grin. "Mi moramo da damo sve od sebe da shvatimo probleme i da stvaramo rešenja koja su ljudska kao i problemi koje oni ciljaju da reše."
Yasmin Green - Geopolitical technologist
Yasmin Green is the director of research and development for Jigsaw, a unit within Alphabet Inc. focused on solving global security challenges through technology. Full bio
Yasmin Green is the director of research and development for Jigsaw, a unit within Alphabet Inc. focused on solving global security challenges through technology. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
My relationship with the internet
reminds me of the setup
reminds me of the setup
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Moja veza sa internetom
me podseća na radnju
me podseća na radnju
00:17
to a clichéd horror movie.
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predvidivog horor filma.
00:19
You know, the blissfully happy family
moves in to their perfect new home,
moves in to their perfect new home,
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Presrećna porodica
se useljava u svoju novu kuću,
se useljava u svoju novu kuću,
00:24
excited about their perfect future,
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uzbuđeni zbog svoje savršene budućnosti,
00:26
and it's sunny outside
and the birds are chirping ...
and the birds are chirping ...
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a napolju je sunčano, pričice cvrkuću...
00:30
And then it gets dark.
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A onda postaje mračno.
00:32
And there are noises from the attic.
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I čuju se zvukovi na tavanu.
00:35
And we realize that that perfect
new house isn't so perfect.
new house isn't so perfect.
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Pa shvatamo da ta savršena
nova kuća nije toliko savršena.
nova kuća nije toliko savršena.
00:40
When I started working at Google in 2006,
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Kada sam počela da radim u Guglu 2006,
00:43
Facebook was just a two-year-old,
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Fejsbuk je imao samo dve godine,
a Tviter još nije bio rođen.
00:45
and Twitter hadn't yet been born.
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00:47
And I was in absolute awe
of the internet and all of its promise
of the internet and all of its promise
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Bila sam potpuno zapanjena internetom
i svim njegovim obećanjima
i svim njegovim obećanjima
00:52
to make us closer
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da nas zbliži
00:53
and smarter
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da nas načini pametnijim
00:55
and more free.
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i slobodnijim.
00:57
But as we were doing the inspiring work
of building search engines
of building search engines
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Ali kako smo radili inspirušući posao
izrađivanja pretraživača,
izrađivanja pretraživača,
01:01
and video-sharing sites
and social networks,
and social networks,
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sajtova za razmenu video klipova
i socijalnih mreža,
i socijalnih mreža,
01:04
criminals, dictators and terrorists
were figuring out
were figuring out
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kriminalci, diktatori i teroristi
su shvatali
su shvatali
01:09
how to use those same
platforms against us.
platforms against us.
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kako da koriste
te iste platforme protiv nas.
te iste platforme protiv nas.
01:13
And we didn't have
the foresight to stop them.
the foresight to stop them.
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Nismo imali smotrenosti da ih zaustavimo.
01:16
Over the last few years, geopolitical
forces have come online to wreak havoc.
forces have come online to wreak havoc.
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Proteklih godina geopolitičke sile
su došle na internet da izazovu propast.
su došle na internet da izazovu propast.
01:21
And in response,
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A kao odgovor,
01:23
Google supported a few colleagues and me
to set up a new group called Jigsaw,
to set up a new group called Jigsaw,
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Gugl je podržao nekoliko kolega i mene
da osnujemo novu grupu "Slagalica",
da osnujemo novu grupu "Slagalica",
01:27
with a mandate to make people safer
from threats like violent extremism,
from threats like violent extremism,
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sa mandatom da načinimo ljude sigurnijima
od pretnji kao što su nasilni eksremizam,
od pretnji kao što su nasilni eksremizam,
01:32
censorship, persecution --
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cenzura, progon -
01:35
threats that feel very personal to me
because I was born in Iran,
because I was born in Iran,
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pretnje koje su meni veoma lične
jer sam rođena u Iranu,
jer sam rođena u Iranu,
01:39
and I left in the aftermath
of a violent revolution.
of a violent revolution.
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i otišla sam tokom posledica
nasilne revolucije.
nasilne revolucije.
01:43
But I've come to realize
that even if we had all of the resources
that even if we had all of the resources
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Shvatila sam da
čak i da imamo sve resurse
čak i da imamo sve resurse
01:47
of all of the technology
companies in the world,
companies in the world,
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svih tehnoloških kompanija na svetu,
01:51
we'd still fail
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i dalje bismo gubili
01:53
if we overlooked one critical ingredient:
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ako bismo predvideli
jedan presudan sastojak:
jedan presudan sastojak:
01:57
the human experiences of the victims
and perpetrators of those threats.
and perpetrators of those threats.
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ljudska iskustva žrtava
i izvršioce tih pretnji.
i izvršioce tih pretnji.
02:04
There are many challenges
I could talk to you about today.
I could talk to you about today.
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Ima mnogo izazova o kojima
bih mogla da vam pričam danas.
bih mogla da vam pričam danas.
02:07
I'm going to focus on just two.
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Foksiraću se na samo dva.
02:09
The first is terrorism.
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Prvi je terorizam.
Dakle, da bismo razumeli
proces radikalizacije,
proces radikalizacije,
02:13
So in order to understand
the radicalization process,
the radicalization process,
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02:16
we met with dozens of former members
of violent extremist groups.
of violent extremist groups.
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sastali smo se sa desetinom
bivših članova ekstremističkih grupa.
bivših članova ekstremističkih grupa.
02:21
One was a British schoolgirl,
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Jedna je bila britanska učenica,
02:25
who had been taken off of a plane
at London Heathrow
at London Heathrow
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koja je bila izvedena iz aviona
na Londonskom aerodromu "Hitrou"
na Londonskom aerodromu "Hitrou"
02:28
as she was trying to make her way
to Syria to join ISIS.
to Syria to join ISIS.
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dok je pokušavala da dođe
do Sirije da bi se pridružila ISIS-u.
do Sirije da bi se pridružila ISIS-u.
02:34
And she was 13 years old.
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A imala je 13 godina.
02:37
So I sat down with her and her father,
and I said, "Why?"
and I said, "Why?"
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Sela sam sa njom i njenim ocem,
i pitala sam: “Zašto?”
i pitala sam: “Zašto?”
02:42
And she said,
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a ona je rekla:
02:44
"I was looking at pictures
of what life is like in Syria,
of what life is like in Syria,
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“Gledala sam slike na kojima
je prikazano kakav je život u Siriji
je prikazano kakav je život u Siriji
02:47
and I thought I was going to go
and live in the Islamic Disney World."
and live in the Islamic Disney World."
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i mislila sam da idem
da živim u islamskom Dizni svetu.”
da živim u islamskom Dizni svetu.”
02:52
That's what she saw in ISIS.
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To je ono što je ona videla u ISISu.
02:54
She thought she'd meet and marry
a jihadi Brad Pitt
a jihadi Brad Pitt
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Mislila je da će upoznati i venčati se
sa džihadi Bredom Pitom
sa džihadi Bredom Pitom
02:58
and go shopping in the mall all day
and live happily ever after.
and live happily ever after.
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i da će biti u tržnom centru ceo dan
i živeti srećno sve do kraja života.
i živeti srećno sve do kraja života.
ISIS razume šta pokreće ljude,
03:02
ISIS understands what drives people,
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03:05
and they carefully craft a message
for each audience.
for each audience.
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oni pažljivo kreiraju poruku
za svaku publiku.
za svaku publiku.
03:11
Just look at how many languages
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Samo pogledajte na koliko jezika
03:12
they translate their
marketing material into.
marketing material into.
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oni prevode svoj propagandni materijal.
03:15
They make pamphlets,
radio shows and videos
radio shows and videos
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Prave brošure, radio emisije i klipove
03:18
in not just English and Arabic,
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ne samo na engleskom i arapskom,
03:20
but German, Russian,
French, Turkish, Kurdish,
French, Turkish, Kurdish,
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već i nemačkom, ruskom,
francuskom, turskom, kurdskom,
francuskom, turskom, kurdskom,
03:25
Hebrew,
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hebrejskom
03:26
Mandarin Chinese.
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mandarinskom.
03:29
I've even seen an ISIS-produced
video in sign language.
video in sign language.
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Čak sam videla i video
gde koriste znakovni jezik.
gde koriste znakovni jezik.
03:34
Just think about that for a second:
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Samo mislite o tome na sekundu:
03:36
ISIS took the time and made the effort
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ISIS je odvojio vreme i uložio napor
03:38
to ensure their message is reaching
the deaf and hard of hearing.
the deaf and hard of hearing.
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da osigura da njihova poruka dosegne
i do gluvih i onih sa slabijim sluhom.
i do gluvih i onih sa slabijim sluhom.
03:45
It's actually not tech-savviness
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Nije zapravo razumevanje u tehnologiju
03:47
that is the reason why
ISIS wins hearts and minds.
ISIS wins hearts and minds.
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razlog što ISIS osvaja srca i umove.
03:49
It's their insight into the prejudices,
the vulnerabilities, the desires
the vulnerabilities, the desires
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Razlog su njihovi uvidi u predrasude,
ranjivosti, žudnje
ranjivosti, žudnje
03:54
of the people they're trying to reach
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ljudi koje pokušavaju da dosegnu.
03:55
that does that.
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03:57
That's why it's not enough
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Zato nije dovoljno
03:59
for the online platforms
to focus on removing recruiting material.
to focus on removing recruiting material.
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za internet platforme da se fokusiraju
na uklanjanje materijala za vrbovanje.
na uklanjanje materijala za vrbovanje.
04:04
If we want to have a shot
at building meaningful technology
at building meaningful technology
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Ako želimo da imamo šansu
u stvaranju značajne tehnologije
u stvaranju značajne tehnologije
04:08
that's going to counter radicalization,
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koja će se protiviti radikalizaciji,
04:10
we have to start with the human
journey at its core.
journey at its core.
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moramo da počnemo
sa ljudskim putem u svojoj srži.
sa ljudskim putem u svojoj srži.
04:13
So we went to Iraq
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Otišli smo u Irak
04:16
to speak to young men
who'd bought into ISIS's promise
who'd bought into ISIS's promise
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da pričamo sa mladićem
koji je poverovao u obećanje ISIS-a
koji je poverovao u obećanje ISIS-a
04:18
of heroism and righteousness,
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o heroizmu i pravednosti,
04:22
who'd taken up arms to fight for them
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koji je uzeo oružje da se bori za njih,
04:24
and then who'd defected
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a onda je dezertirao
04:25
after they witnessed
the brutality of ISIS's rule.
the brutality of ISIS's rule.
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nakon što je bio očevidac
brutalnih pravila ISIS-a.
brutalnih pravila ISIS-a.
04:28
And I'm sitting there in this makeshift
prison in the north of Iraq
prison in the north of Iraq
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Sedim tamo u improvizovanom
zatvoru na severu Iraka
zatvoru na severu Iraka
04:32
with this 23-year-old who had actually
trained as a suicide bomber
trained as a suicide bomber
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sa dvadesettrogodišnjakom koje je trenirao
da postane bombaš samoubica
da postane bombaš samoubica
04:36
before defecting.
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pre nego što je dezertirao.
04:39
And he says,
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On kaže:
04:41
"I arrived in Syria full of hope,
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"Stigao sam u Siriju pun nade,
04:44
and immediately, I had two
of my prized possessions confiscated:
of my prized possessions confiscated:
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i odmah su mi konfiskovali
dve najvažnije stvari:
dve najvažnije stvari:
04:48
my passport and my mobile phone."
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moj pasoš i mobilni telefon."
04:52
The symbols of his physical
and digital liberty
and digital liberty
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Simboli njegove fizičke
i digitalne slobode
i digitalne slobode
04:54
were taken away from him on arrival.
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su mu bili oduzeti po dolasku.
04:57
And then this is the way he described
that moment of loss to me.
that moment of loss to me.
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A ovo je način kojim je on
meni opisao taj momenat gubitka.
meni opisao taj momenat gubitka.
05:01
He said,
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Rekao je:
05:02
"You know in 'Tom and Jerry,'
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"Znate u ‘Tomu i Džeriju’,
05:06
when Jerry wants to escape,
and then Tom locks the door
and then Tom locks the door
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kad Džeri želi da pobegne,
pa onda Tom zaključava vrata
pa onda Tom zaključava vrata
05:09
and swallows the key
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i proguta ključ,
05:10
and you see it bulging out
of his throat as it travels down?"
of his throat as it travels down?"
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a onda vidite kako se ocrtava
na njegovom vratu dok ide ka dole?”
na njegovom vratu dok ide ka dole?”
05:14
And of course, I really could see
the image that he was describing,
the image that he was describing,
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Naravno, stvarno sam mogla
da vidim sliku koju je opisivao,
da vidim sliku koju je opisivao,
05:17
and I really did connect with the feeling
that he was trying to convey,
that he was trying to convey,
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i zaista sam se povezala sa osećanjem
koje je on pokušavao da prenese,
koje je on pokušavao da prenese,
05:21
which was one of doom,
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koje je bilo osećanje propasti,
05:23
when you know there's no way out.
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kad znate da nema izlaza.
05:26
And I was wondering:
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Pitala sam se:
05:28
What, if anything,
could have changed his mind
could have changed his mind
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šta je, ako išta, moglo
da promeni njegovo mišljenje
da promeni njegovo mišljenje
05:31
the day that he left home?
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na dan kad je otišao?
05:32
So I asked,
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Pa sam ga pitala:
05:33
"If you knew everything that you know now
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"Da si znao sve što sada znaš
05:37
about the suffering
and the corruption, the brutality --
and the corruption, the brutality --
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o patnji, korupciji i brutalnosti -
05:40
that day you left home,
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tog dana kad si otišao,
05:41
would you still have gone?"
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da li bi i pored toga opet otišao?"
05:43
And he said, "Yes."
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On je rekao: "Da."
05:45
And I thought, "Holy crap, he said 'Yes.'"
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Pomislila sam: "Zaboga, rekao je 'da.'"
05:48
And then he said,
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A onda je rekao:
05:49
"At that point, I was so brainwashed,
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"U tom trenutku mi je mozak bio ispran,
05:52
I wasn't taking in
any contradictory information.
any contradictory information.
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nisam uzimao u obzir
bilo koju protivrečnu informaciju.
bilo koju protivrečnu informaciju.
05:56
I couldn't have been swayed."
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Nisam mogao biti pokoleban."
05:59
"Well, what if you knew
everything that you know now
everything that you know now
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"Šta da si znao sve što sada znaš
06:01
six months before the day that you left?"
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šest meseci pre dana kada si otišao?"
06:05
"At that point, I think it probably
would have changed my mind."
would have changed my mind."
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"U tom trenutku, mislim da
bi mi to promenilo mišljenje."
bi mi to promenilo mišljenje."
06:10
Radicalization isn't
this yes-or-no choice.
this yes-or-no choice.
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Radikalizacija nije da ili ne izbor.
06:14
It's a process, during which
people have questions --
people have questions --
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To je proces tokom kog
ljudi imaju pitanja -
ljudi imaju pitanja -
06:17
about ideology, religion,
the living conditions.
the living conditions.
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o ideologiji, religiji,
uslovima življenja.
uslovima življenja.
06:20
And they're coming online for answers,
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Idu na internet u potragu za odgovorima,
06:23
which is an opportunity to reach them.
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što je prilika da se do njih dođe.
06:25
And there are videos online
from people who have answers --
from people who have answers --
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Postoje klipovi na internetu
od ljudi koji imaju odgovore -
od ljudi koji imaju odgovore -
06:28
defectors, for example,
telling the story of their journey
telling the story of their journey
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dezerteri, na primer,
pričaju priču o svom putovanju
pričaju priču o svom putovanju
06:31
into and out of violence;
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u i iz nasilja;
06:33
stories like the one from that man
I met in the Iraqi prison.
I met in the Iraqi prison.
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priče kao što je od onog čoveka
kog sam upoznala u iračkom zatvoru.
kog sam upoznala u iračkom zatvoru.
06:37
There are locals who've uploaded
cell phone footage
cell phone footage
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Ima lokalaca koji su postavljali
telefonske snimke
telefonske snimke
06:40
of what life is really like
in the caliphate under ISIS's rule.
in the caliphate under ISIS's rule.
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o tome kakav je život
u kalifatu pod pravilima ISIS-a.
u kalifatu pod pravilima ISIS-a.
06:44
There are clerics who are sharing
peaceful interpretations of Islam.
peaceful interpretations of Islam.
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Postoje sveštenici koji dele
miroljubive interpretacije islama.
miroljubive interpretacije islama.
06:48
But you know what?
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Ali znate šta?
06:50
These people don't generally have
the marketing prowess of ISIS.
the marketing prowess of ISIS.
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Ovi ljudi obično nemaju
marketinšku sposobnost ISIS-a.
marketinšku sposobnost ISIS-a.
06:54
They risk their lives to speak up
and confront terrorist propaganda,
and confront terrorist propaganda,
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Oni rizikuju svoje živote da se pročuju
i usprotive terorističkoj propagandi,
i usprotive terorističkoj propagandi,
06:58
and then they tragically
don't reach the people
don't reach the people
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a onda na žalost ne dosegnu do ljudi
07:00
who most need to hear from them.
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koji najviše treba da ih čuju.
Želeli smo da vidimo da li bi
tehnologija mogla to da promeni.
tehnologija mogla to da promeni.
07:03
And we wanted to see
if technology could change that.
if technology could change that.
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07:06
So in 2016, we partnered with Moonshot CVE
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Tako da smo se 2016.
udružili sa "Moonshot CVE"
udružili sa "Moonshot CVE"
07:10
to pilot a new approach
to countering radicalization
to countering radicalization
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da sprovedemo novi pristup
borbe protiv radikalizacije
borbe protiv radikalizacije
07:13
called the "Redirect Method."
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zvan "Metod preusmeravanja."
07:16
It uses the power of online advertising
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Koristi potencijal online oglašavanja
07:19
to bridge the gap between
those susceptible to ISIS's messaging
those susceptible to ISIS's messaging
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da premosti jaz između
onih podložnih porukama ISIS-a
onih podložnih porukama ISIS-a
07:24
and those credible voices
that are debunking that messaging.
that are debunking that messaging.
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i onih uverljivih glasova
koji razbijaju iluzije iz tih poruka.
koji razbijaju iluzije iz tih poruka.
07:28
And it works like this:
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Funkcioniše ovako:
07:29
someone looking for extremist material --
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neko kad traži eksremistički materijal -
07:31
say they search
for "How do I join ISIS?" --
for "How do I join ISIS?" --
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recimo da pretražuju
"Kako da se pridružim ISIS-u?" -
"Kako da se pridružim ISIS-u?" -
07:34
will see an ad appear
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videće kako se pojavljuje oglas
07:37
that invites them to watch a YouTube video
of a cleric, of a defector --
of a cleric, of a defector --
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koji ih poziva da pogledaju YouTube video
sveštenika, dezertera -
sveštenika, dezertera -
07:42
someone who has an authentic answer.
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nekoga ko ima autentičan odgovor.
07:44
And that targeting is based
not on a profile of who they are,
not on a profile of who they are,
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I to targetiranje nije zasnovano
na profilu njihove ličnosti
na profilu njihove ličnosti
07:48
but of determining something
that's directly relevant
that's directly relevant
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nego na određivanju nečega
što je direktno u vezi
što je direktno u vezi
07:51
to their query or question.
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sa njihovom nedoumicom ili pitanjem.
07:54
During our eight-week pilot
in English and Arabic,
in English and Arabic,
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Tokom našeg osmonedeljnog
pilot programa
pilot programa
07:56
we reached over 300,000 people
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na engleskom i arapskom,
dosegli smo preko 300.000 ljudi
dosegli smo preko 300.000 ljudi
08:00
who had expressed an interest in
or sympathy towards a jihadi group.
or sympathy towards a jihadi group.
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koji su izrazili interesovanje
ili naklonost prema džihadskoj grupi.
ili naklonost prema džihadskoj grupi.
08:06
These people were now watching videos
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Ovi ljudi su sada gledali klipove
08:08
that could prevent them
from making devastating choices.
from making devastating choices.
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koji bi mogli da ih spreče
od pravljenja poražavajućih izbora.
od pravljenja poražavajućih izbora.
08:13
And because violent extremism
isn't confined to any one language,
isn't confined to any one language,
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A zbog toga što nasilni ekstremizam
nije ograničen samo na jedan jezik,
nije ograničen samo na jedan jezik,
08:17
religion or ideology,
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jednu religiju ili ideologiju,
08:18
the Redirect Method is now
being deployed globally
being deployed globally
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"Metod preusmeravanja" sada
biva globalno raspoređen
biva globalno raspoređen
08:22
to protect people being courted online
by violent ideologues,
by violent ideologues,
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da zaštiti ljude od izloženosti
nasilnih ideologija na internetu,
nasilnih ideologija na internetu,
08:26
whether they're Islamists,
white supremacists
white supremacists
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bilo da su islamisti, beli supremacisti
08:28
or other violent extremists,
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ili drugi nasilni ekstremisti,
08:31
with the goal of giving them the chance
to hear from someone
to hear from someone
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sa ciljem da im da šansu da čuju od nekoga
08:33
on the other side of that journey;
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sa druge strane tog putovanja;
08:36
to give them the chance to choose
a different path.
a different path.
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da im damo šansu da odaberu drugačiji put.
08:40
It turns out that often the bad guys
are good at exploiting the internet,
are good at exploiting the internet,
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Ispada da su često loši momci
dobri u iskorišćavanju interneta,
dobri u iskorišćavanju interneta,
08:46
not because they're some kind
of technological geniuses,
of technological geniuses,
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ne zato što su neki tehnološki geniji,
08:50
but because they understand
what makes people tick.
what makes people tick.
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nego zato što razumeju šta pokreće ljude.
08:54
I want to give you a second example:
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Hoću da vam dam drugi primer:
08:58
online harassment.
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uznemiravanje na internetu.
09:00
Online harassers also work
to figure out what will resonate
to figure out what will resonate
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Uznemirivači na internetu rade
da bi shvatili šta će imati uticaja
da bi shvatili šta će imati uticaja
09:04
with another human being.
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na druge ljude.
09:05
But not to recruit them like ISIS does,
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Ali ne da bi ih regrutovali kao ISIS,
09:08
but to cause them pain.
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nego da im prouzrokuju bol.
09:11
Imagine this:
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Zamislite ovo:
09:13
you're a woman,
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žena ste,
09:15
you're married,
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venčani ste,
09:16
you have a kid.
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i imate dete.
Objavljujete nešto na društvenim mrežama,
09:18
You post something on social media,
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09:20
and in a reply,
you're told that you'll be raped,
you're told that you'll be raped,
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i u komentarima vam je
rečeno da ćete biti silovani,
rečeno da ćete biti silovani,
09:24
that your son will be watching,
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da će vaš sin gledati,
09:26
details of when and where.
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detalji vremena i mesta.
09:29
In fact, your home address
is put online for everyone to see.
is put online for everyone to see.
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Zapravo, vaša adresa
je stavljena na internet da je svi vide.
je stavljena na internet da je svi vide.
09:33
That feels like a pretty real threat.
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To izgleda kao prava pretnja.
Da li mislite da biste vi otišli kući?
09:37
Do you think you'd go home?
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Mislite li da biste nastavili
da radite stvar koju ste radili?
da radite stvar koju ste radili?
09:39
Do you think you'd continue doing
the thing that you were doing?
the thing that you were doing?
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Da li biste nastavili da radite
tu stvar koja iritira vašeg napadača?
tu stvar koja iritira vašeg napadača?
09:43
Would you continue doing that thing
that's irritating your attacker?
that's irritating your attacker?
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09:48
Online abuse has been this perverse art
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Zloupotreba interneta
je izopačena umetnost
je izopačena umetnost
09:51
of figuring out what makes people angry,
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shvatanja šta nervira ljude,
09:54
what makes people afraid,
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šta ih plaši,
09:56
what makes people insecure,
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šta ih čini nesigurnim,
09:58
and then pushing those pressure points
until they're silenced.
until they're silenced.
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a onda stiskanja tih slabih tačaka
dok ih ne ućutkaju.
dok ih ne ućutkaju.
10:02
When online harassment goes unchecked,
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Kad internet uznemiravanje
prođe neprovereno,
prođe neprovereno,
10:04
free speech is stifled.
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slobodan govor je ugušen.
10:07
And even the people
hosting the conversation
hosting the conversation
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Čak i ljudi koji su osnovali razgovor
10:09
throw up their arms and call it quits,
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dižu ruke i napuštaju ga,
10:11
closing their comment sections
and their forums altogether.
and their forums altogether.
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zatvarajaći u isti mah sekciju
sa komentarima i njihove forume.
sa komentarima i njihove forume.
10:14
That means we're actually
losing spaces online
losing spaces online
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To znači da zapravo
gubimo mesta na internetu
gubimo mesta na internetu
10:17
to meet and exchange ideas.
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za upoznavanje i razmenjivanje ideja.
I tamo gde internet mesta ostaju,
10:19
And where online spaces remain,
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10:22
we descend into echo chambers
with people who think just like us.
with people who think just like us.
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mi ulazimo u eho-komore
sa ljudima koji misle isto kao i mi.
sa ljudima koji misle isto kao i mi.
10:27
But that enables
the spread of disinformation;
the spread of disinformation;
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Ali to omogućava širenje dezinformacija;
10:30
that facilitates polarization.
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to olakšava polarizaciju.
10:34
What if technology instead
could enable empathy at scale?
could enable empathy at scale?
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Šta ako bi tehnologija mogla
da omogući empatiju u većoj meri?
da omogući empatiju u većoj meri?
Ovo pitanje je motivisalo naše partnerstvo
10:40
This was the question
that motivated our partnership
that motivated our partnership
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sa Guglovim timom
za suzbijanje zloupotreba,
za suzbijanje zloupotreba,
10:42
with Google's Counter Abuse team,
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10:44
Wikipedia
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Vikipedijom
10:46
and newspapers like the New York Times.
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i novinama kao što su Njujork Tajms.
Želeli smo da vidimo da li bismo mogli
da napravimo modele za mašinsko učenje
da napravimo modele za mašinsko učenje
10:47
We wanted to see if we could build
machine-learning models
machine-learning models
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10:50
that could understand
the emotional impact of language.
the emotional impact of language.
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koji mogu da razumeju
emocionalni uticaj jezika.
emocionalni uticaj jezika.
10:55
Could we predict which comments
were likely to make someone else leave
were likely to make someone else leave
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Možemo li predvideti koji komentari
će naterati nekoga da napusti
će naterati nekoga da napusti
10:58
the online conversation?
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internet razgovor?
11:00
And that's no mean feat.
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A to nije zloban podvig.
11:04
That's no trivial accomplishment
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To nije trivjalno ostvarenje
11:06
for AI to be able to do
something like that.
something like that.
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za VI da bude u mogućnosti
da uradi nešto tako.
da uradi nešto tako.
11:08
I mean, just consider
these two examples of messages
these two examples of messages
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Samo uzmite u obzir
ova dva primera poruka
ova dva primera poruka
11:12
that could have been sent to me last week.
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koje su mi mogle biti
poslate prošle nedelje.
poslate prošle nedelje.
11:15
"Break a leg at TED!"
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"Slomi nogu na TED-u!"
11:17
... and
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...i
11:18
"I'll break your legs at TED."
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"Polomiću ti noge na TED-u!"
11:20
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
11:22
You are human,
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Vi ste ljudi,
11:23
that's why that's an obvious
difference to you,
difference to you,
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zato je vama to očigledna razlika,
11:25
even though the words
are pretty much the same.
are pretty much the same.
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iako su reči skoro iste.
11:28
But for AI, it takes some training
to teach the models
to teach the models
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Ali za VI je potrebna vežba
da bi se podučavali modeli
da bi se podučavali modeli
11:31
to recognize that difference.
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da bi se te razlike prepoznale
11:32
The beauty of building AI
that can tell the difference
that can tell the difference
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Lepota izgradnje Vl
koja može da kaže razliku
koja može da kaže razliku
11:36
is that AI can then scale to the size
of the online toxicity phenomenon,
of the online toxicity phenomenon,
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je da Vl može da odredi veličinu
fenomena zatrovanosti na internetu,
fenomena zatrovanosti na internetu,
11:41
and that was our goal in building
our technology called Perspective.
our technology called Perspective.
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i to je bio naš cilj tokom izgradnje
naše tehnologije "Perspektiva".
naše tehnologije "Perspektiva".
11:45
With the help of Perspective,
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Pomoću "Perspektive”,
11:46
the New York Times, for example,
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Njujork Tajms, na primer,
11:48
has increased spaces
online for conversation.
online for conversation.
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je povećao mesta na internetu za razgovor.
11:51
Before our collaboration,
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Pre naše saradnje,
11:52
they only had comments enabled
on just 10 percent of their articles.
on just 10 percent of their articles.
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imali su omogućene komentare
na samo 10% svojih članaka.
na samo 10% svojih članaka.
11:57
With the help of machine learning,
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Pomoću mašinskog učenja,
11:59
they have that number up to 30 percent.
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povećali su taj broj do 30%.
12:01
So they've tripled it,
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Pa su ih utrostručili,
12:02
and we're still just getting started.
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a mi smo tek započeli.
12:04
But this is about way more than just
making moderators more efficient.
making moderators more efficient.
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Ovo je o nečemu više od same činjenice
da činimo moderatore efikasnijim.
da činimo moderatore efikasnijim.
12:10
Right now I can see you,
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Sada mogu da vas vidim
12:11
and I can gauge how what I'm saying
is landing with you.
is landing with you.
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i mogu da ocenim kako vam ovo
što pričam ulazi u uši.
što pričam ulazi u uši.
12:16
You don't have that opportunity online.
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Nemate prilike za to na internetu.
12:18
Imagine if machine learning
could give commenters,
could give commenters,
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Zamislite kad bi mašinsko učenje moglo
dati ljudima koji pišu komentare,
dati ljudima koji pišu komentare,
12:22
as they're typing,
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dok pišu,
povratne informacije u realnom vremenu
12:23
real-time feedback about how
their words might land,
their words might land,
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o tome kako njihove reči
mogu biti shvaćene,
mogu biti shvaćene,
12:27
just like facial expressions do
in a face-to-face conversation.
in a face-to-face conversation.
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baš kao što izrazi lica
to rade u razgovoru licem u lice.
to rade u razgovoru licem u lice.
12:32
Machine learning isn't perfect,
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Mašinsko učenje nije savršeno,
12:34
and it still makes plenty of mistakes.
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i dalje pravi dosta grešaka.
12:37
But if we can build technology
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Ali ako možemo izgraditi tehnologiju
12:38
that understands the emotional
impact of language,
impact of language,
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koja razume emocionalni uticaj jezika,
12:42
we can build empathy.
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možemo da izgradimo empatiju.
12:43
That means that we can have
dialogue between people
dialogue between people
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To znači da možemo
da imamo dijalog između ljudi
da imamo dijalog između ljudi
12:46
with different politics,
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sa različitim politikama,
12:47
different worldviews,
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drugačijim pogledima na svet,
12:49
different values.
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drugačijim vrednostima.
12:51
And we can reinvigorate the spaces online
that most of us have given up on.
that most of us have given up on.
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i možemo da osvežimo mesta
na internetu od kojih smo digli ruke.
na internetu od kojih smo digli ruke.
12:57
When people use technology
to exploit and harm others,
to exploit and harm others,
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Kad ljudi koriste tehnologiju
da eksploatišu i čine nažao drugima,
da eksploatišu i čine nažao drugima,
13:01
they're preying on our human fears
and vulnerabilities.
and vulnerabilities.
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oni se hvataju za naše
strahove i ranjivosti.
strahove i ranjivosti.
13:06
If we ever thought
that we could build an internet
that we could build an internet
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Ako smo ikad mislili
da bismo mogli da izgradimo internet
da bismo mogli da izgradimo internet
13:09
insulated from the dark side of humanity,
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izolovan od mračne strane čovečanstva,
13:12
we were wrong.
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pogrešili smo.
13:14
If we want today to build technology
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Ako želimo danas da izgradimo tehnologiju
13:16
that can overcome
the challenges that we face,
the challenges that we face,
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koja može da savlada
izazove sa kojima se susrećemo,
izazove sa kojima se susrećemo,
13:19
we have to throw our entire selves
into understanding the issues
into understanding the issues
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moramo da damo sve od sebe
da shvatimo probleme
da shvatimo probleme
13:23
and into building solutions
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i da stvaramo rešenja
13:25
that are as human as the problems
they aim to solve.
they aim to solve.
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koja su ljudska kao i problemi
koje oni ciljaju da reše.
koje oni ciljaju da reše.
13:30
Let's make that happen.
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Hajde da ostvarimo to.
13:31
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
13:33
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Yasmin Green - Geopolitical technologistYasmin Green is the director of research and development for Jigsaw, a unit within Alphabet Inc. focused on solving global security challenges through technology.
Why you should listen
Yasmin Green is the director of research and development for Jigsaw, a unit within Alphabet Inc. (formerly Google Ideas), focused on using tech tools to make the world safer, both on and offline. She has experience leading projects in some of the world’s toughest environments, including Iran, Syria, the UAE and Nigeria. In 2012, she led a multi-partner coalition to launch Against Violent Extremism, the world's first online network of former violent extremists and survivors of terrorism. Based on her own interviews with ISIS defectors and jailed recruits, last year Yasmin launched the Redirect Method, a new deployment of targeted advertising and video to confront online radicalization.
Green is a senior advisor on innovation to Oxford Analytica, a member of the Aspen Cyber Strategy Group, and until 2015 co-chaired the European Commission's Working Group on Online Radicalization. She was named one of Fortune's "40 Under 40" most influential young leaders in 2017, and in 2016 she was named one of Fast Company's "Most Creative People in Business."
Yasmin Green | Speaker | TED.com