TEDGlobal 2014
Fabien Cousteau: What I learned from spending 31 days underwater
Fabijan Kusto (Fabien Cousteau): Šta sam naučio tokom 31 dana provedenog ispod vode
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Readability: 4.2
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1963, Žak Kusto je proveo 30 dana u podvodnoj laboratoriji postavljenoj na dnu Crvenog mora i time postavio svetski rekord. Ovog leta, njegov unuk Fabian Kusto je potukao taj rekord. Mlađi Kusto je proveo 31 dan na Akvarijusu, podvodnoj istraživačkoj laboratoriji udaljenoj oko 14km od obale Floride. On nam šarmantnim govorom dočarava svoju čudesnu avanturu.
Fabien Cousteau - Ocean explorer and environmentalist
Fabien Cousteau spent 31 days underwater to research how climate change and pollution are affecting the oceans. Full bio
Fabien Cousteau spent 31 days underwater to research how climate change and pollution are affecting the oceans. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I have a confession to make.
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Moram da vam priznam nešto:
00:16
I am addicted to adventure,
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ja sam ovisnik o avanturi,
00:19
and as a young boy,
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i kao mali dečak,
00:21
I would rather look outside the window
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radije sam gledao kroz prozor
00:24
at the birds in the trees and the sky
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ka pticama na drveću i nebu
00:27
than looking at that two-dimensional
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nego u tu dvodimenzionalnu tablu,
00:29
chalky blackboard where time stands still
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na kojoj vreme stoji,
00:33
and even sometimes dies.
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a ponekad i umire.
00:35
My teachers thought there was something wrong
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Moji učitelji su mislili da nešto
00:37
with me because I wasn't paying attention in class.
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sa mnom nije u redu
jer nisam pazio na času.
jer nisam pazio na času.
Nisu pronašli ništa posebno loše
00:41
They didn't find anything
specifically wrong with me,
specifically wrong with me,
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00:43
other than being slightly
dyslexic because I'm a lefty.
dyslexic because I'm a lefty.
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sem što sam malo disleksičan
jer sam levoruk.
jer sam levoruk.
00:47
But they didn't test for curiosity.
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Ali oni nisu proveravali znatiželju.
00:51
Curiosity, to me,
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Znatiželja je, za mene,
otkrivanje naše povezanosti
00:54
is about our connection
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00:56
with the world, with the universe.
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sa svetom, univerzumom.
Nje se tiče šta se nalazi iza
te sledeće kolonije korala
te sledeće kolonije korala
00:59
It's about seeing what's
around that next coral head
around that next coral head
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01:01
or what's around that next tree,
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ili šta je iza tog sledećeg drveta
01:03
and learning more not only about our environment
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i učenje ne samo o našoj okolini
01:05
but about ourselves.
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već i o nama samima.
01:07
Now, my dream of dreams,
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Sada, san svih mojih snova:
01:09
I want to go explore the oceans of Mars,
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želim da idem
da istražujem okeane na Marsu,
da istražujem okeane na Marsu,
01:13
but until we can go there,
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ali, dok ne budemo mogli da tamo idemo,
01:15
I think the oceans still hold
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mislim da okeani još uvek sadrže
01:19
quite a few secrets.
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poprilično mnogo tajni.
01:20
As a matter of fact,
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Zapravo,
01:22
if you take our planet as the oasis in space that it is
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ako našu planetu posmatrate
kao oazu u svemiru, što ona i jeste,
kao oazu u svemiru, što ona i jeste,
01:25
and dissect it into a living space,
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i analizirate je kao životni prostor,
01:29
the ocean represents over 3.4 billion
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okeani predstavljaju preko 3,4 milijarde
01:32
cubic kilometers of volume, within which
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kubnih metara zapremine,
01:35
we've explored less than five percent.
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od koje smo istražili
manje od pet procenata.
manje od pet procenata.
01:39
And I look at this, and I go, well,
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Pogledam ovo i pomislim, pa,
01:42
there are tools to go
deeper, longer and further:
deeper, longer and further:
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postoje alatke pomoću kojih možemo
da idemo dublje, duže i dalje:
da idemo dublje, duže i dalje:
01:45
submarines, ROVs, even Scuba diving.
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podmornice, podmornice na
daljinsko upravljanje pa čak i ronjenje.
daljinsko upravljanje pa čak i ronjenje.
01:50
But if we're going to explore the final frontier
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Ali ako hoćemo da istražimo
krajnju granicu
krajnju granicu
01:53
on this planet, we need to live there.
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na ovoj planeti, moramo tamo da živimo.
01:56
We need to build a log cabin, if you will,
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Moramo da izgradimo, takoreći, brvnaru
01:59
at the bottom of the sea.
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na dnu mora.
02:02
And so there was a great curiosity in my soul
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I tako je moja duša
bila ispunjena velikom znatiželjom
bila ispunjena velikom znatiželjom
02:05
when I went to go visit a TED [Prize winner]
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kada sam išao da posetim
dobitnika TED nagrade,
dobitnika TED nagrade,
dr Silviju Erl.
02:08
by the name of Dr. Sylvia Earle.
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02:09
Maybe you've heard of her.
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Možda ste čuli za nju.
02:11
Two years ago, she was staked out
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Pre dve godine je bila
zadužena da nadgleda
zadužena da nadgleda
02:14
at the last undersea marine laboratory
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poslednju podvodnu morsku laboratoriju,
02:17
to try and save it,
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da pokuša da je spase,
02:19
to try and petition
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da pokuša da zahteva
02:21
for us not to scrap it
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da je ne iskomadamo
02:23
and bring it back on land.
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i vratimo nazad na kopno.
Mi smo do sada imali samo oko desetak
02:25
We've only had about a dozen or so
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02:27
scientific labs at the bottom of the sea.
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naučnih laboratorija na dnu mora.
02:29
There's only one left in the world:
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Samo jedna od njih još postoji:
02:31
it's nine miles offshore
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ona je udaljena 14 km od obale
02:33
and 65 feet down.
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na dubini od oko 20 metara.
02:35
It's called Aquarius.
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Zove se Akvarijus.
02:37
Aquarius, in some fashion,
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Akvarijus je, na neki način,
02:39
is a dinosaur,
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dinosaurus,
02:41
an ancient robot chained to the bottom,
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drevni robot okovan za dno,
02:43
this Leviathan.
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Levijatan.
02:47
In other ways, it's a legacy.
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S druge strane, on je zaveštanje.
02:49
And so with that visit, I realized
that my time is short
that my time is short
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I tako sam tom posetom shvatio
da imam malo vremena
da imam malo vremena
02:52
if I wanted to experience
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ukoliko želim da iskusim
02:54
what it was like to become an aquanaut.
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kako je biti akvanaut.
Kada smo plivali prema ovome, nakon mnogo
02:59
When we swam towards this after many
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03:02
moons of torture and two years of preparation,
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meseci mučenja i dve godine pripreme,
03:04
this habitat waiting to invite us
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ovo stanište koje je čekalo da nas pozove
03:09
was like a new home.
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je bilo kao novi dom.
03:12
And the point of going down to
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A cilj silaska
03:15
and living at this habitat was not to stay inside.
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i življenja u ovom staništu
nije bio da se ostane unutra.
nije bio da se ostane unutra.
Nije bio življenje u nečemu
veličine školskog autobusa.
veličine školskog autobusa.
03:18
It wasn't about living at something
the size of a school bus.
the size of a school bus.
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03:21
It was about giving us the luxury of time
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Bio je da nam se da luksuz vremena,
03:24
outside to wander, to explore,
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da ga provodimo napolju,
da lutamo, istražujemo,
da lutamo, istražujemo,
03:27
to understand more about this oceanic final frontier.
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da razumemo više o ovoj
okeanskoj konačnoj granici.
okeanskoj konačnoj granici.
03:31
We had megafauna come and visit us.
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Posetila nas je megafauna.
03:34
This spotted eagle ray is a fairly
common sight in the oceans.
common sight in the oceans.
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Ova raža orao se prilično
često sreće u okeanima.
često sreće u okeanima.
03:37
But why this is so important,
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Ali zbog čega je ovo tako važno
03:40
why this picture is up,
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i zbog čega je ova slika pokazana
03:41
is because this particular animal
brought his friends around,
brought his friends around,
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je to što je baš ova životinja
dovela svoje prijatelje,
dovela svoje prijatelje,
03:45
and instead of being the
pelagic animals that they were,
pelagic animals that they were,
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i umesto da budu
okeanske životinje kakve jesu,
okeanske životinje kakve jesu,
03:48
they started getting curious about us,
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one su se zainteresovale za nas,
03:49
these new strangers that were
moving into the neighborhood,
moving into the neighborhood,
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za ove nove strance koji su se
useljavali u njihov komšiluk,
useljavali u njihov komšiluk,
03:53
doing things with plankton.
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i činili nešto sa planktonima.
03:56
We were studying all sorts of animals and critters,
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Mi smo izučavali različite vrste
životinja i stvorenja,
životinja i stvorenja,
03:58
and they got closer and closer to us,
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i one su nam se sve
više i više približavale,
više i više približavale,
04:01
and because of the luxury of time,
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i zbog luksuza vremena,
04:03
these animals, these residents of the coral reef,
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ove životinje,
ovi stanovnici koralnog grebena,
ovi stanovnici koralnog grebena,
04:05
were starting to get used to us,
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su počeli da se na nas navikavaju,
04:07
and these pelagics that
normal travel through stopped.
normal travel through stopped.
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i ova okeanska bića
koja uobičajeno putuju, su se zaustavila.
koja uobičajeno putuju, su se zaustavila.
04:10
This particular animal actually circled
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Ova konkretna životinja je zapravo kružila
04:13
for 31 full days during our mission.
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pun 31 dan tokom naše misije.
04:17
So mission 31 wasn't so much
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Tako da Misija 31 nije bila toliko
04:19
about breaking records.
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vezana za rušenje rekorda
04:21
It was about that human-ocean connection.
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koliko za povezanost ljudi i okeana.
Zbog ovog luksuza u vremenu,
bili smo sposobni
bili smo sposobni
04:26
Because of the luxury of time, we were able
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04:28
to study animals such as sharks and grouper
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da izučavamo životinje
poput ajkula i škarpina
poput ajkula i škarpina
04:32
in aggregations that we've never seen before.
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u skupinama kakve
nikada ranije nismo videli.
nikada ranije nismo videli.
04:34
It's like seeing dogs and
cats behaving well together.
cats behaving well together.
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To je bilo kao da smo videli
pse i mačke kako se odlično slažu.
pse i mačke kako se odlično slažu.
Čak i sposobnost da budemo
u bliskoj vezi sa životinjama
u bliskoj vezi sa životinjama
04:38
Even being able to commune with animals
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koje su mnogo veće od nas,
04:40
that are much larger than us,
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kao sa ovom ugroženom golijat škarpinom,
04:41
such as this endangered goliath grouper
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04:44
who only still resides in the Florida Keys.
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koja još jedino prebiva u Florida Kizu.
04:47
Of course, just like any neighbor,
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Naravno, kao i sve komšije,
04:50
after a while, if they get tired,
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nakon izvesnog vremena, ukoliko se umore,
04:52
the goliath grouper barks at us,
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golijat škarpina laje na nas,
04:54
and this bark is so powerful
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i ovaj lavež je toliko snažan
04:56
that it actually stuns its prey before it aspirates it all
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da ona zapravo zapanji svoj plen
pre nego što ga celog usisa
pre nego što ga celog usisa
04:58
within a split second.
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u deliću sekunde.
05:00
For us, it's just telling us to go back
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Nama je samo govorila da se vratimo
05:02
into the habitat and leave them alone.
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u stanište i ostavimo ih na miru.
Ipak, ovo nije bila samo avantura.
05:06
Now, this wasn't just about adventure.
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Misija je imala i ozbiljan značaj.
05:10
There was actually a serious note to it.
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05:11
We did a lot of science, and again,
because of the luxury of time,
because of the luxury of time,
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Puno smo se bavili naukom, i ponovo,
zahvaljujući vremenskom luksuzu,
zahvaljujući vremenskom luksuzu,
05:15
we were able to do over three years of science
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mogli smo da uradimo
više od tri godine naučnog rada
više od tri godine naučnog rada
05:17
in 31 days.
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za 31 dan.
U ovom konkretnom slučaju,
koristili smo PAM,
koristili smo PAM,
05:20
In this particular case, we were using a PAM,
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ili, da vidim da li ću uspeti
da ovo izgovorim pravilno,
da ovo izgovorim pravilno,
05:22
or, let me just see if I can get this straight,
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05:24
a Pulse Amplitude Modulated Fluorometer.
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metodu merenja fluorescencije
saturacijskim pulsom.
saturacijskim pulsom.
05:28
And our scientists from FIU, MIT,
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A naši naučnici sa FIU-a, MIT-a
05:31
and from Northeastern
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i sa Severnoistočnog univerziteta
05:33
were able to get a gauge for what coral reefs do
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su mogli da izmere
šta koralni grebeni čine
šta koralni grebeni čine
05:36
when we're not around.
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kada mi nismo u blizini.
05:38
The Pulse Amplitude Modulated
Fluorometer, or PAM,
Fluorometer, or PAM,
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Merenje fluorescencije
saturacijskim pulsom, ili MFSP,
saturacijskim pulsom, ili MFSP,
05:40
gauges the fluorescence of corals
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meri fluorescenciju korala
05:43
as it pertains to pollutants in the water
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u njihovom odnosu sa zagađivačima u vodi
05:45
as well as climate change-related issues.
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kao i sa pitanjima promene klime.
05:49
We used all sorts of other cutting-edge tools,
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Koristili smo razna najmodernija oruđa,
05:52
such as this sonde, or what I like to call
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kao ovu sondu, koju volim da zovem
05:54
the sponge proctologist, whereby the sonde
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proktologom sunđera, gde sama sonda
06:01
itself tests for metabolism rates
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meri stope metabolizma
06:03
in what in this particular case is a barrel sponge,
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u ovom konkretnom slučaju,
bačvastog sunđera,
bačvastog sunđera,
06:06
or the redwoods of the [ocean].
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ili sekvoja okena.
I ovo nam daje mnogo bolju meru
06:09
And this gives us a much better gauge
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06:10
of what's happening underwater
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onoga što se dešava ispod vode
06:12
with regard to climate change-related issues,
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u vezi sa pitanjima promene klime,
06:15
and how the dynamics of that
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i kako ta dinamika
06:17
affect us here on land.
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utiče na nas ovde na zemlji.
06:20
And finally, we looked at predator-prey behavior.
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I konačno, posmatrali smo ponašanje
grabljivac-plen.
grabljivac-plen.
06:22
And predator-prey behavior is an interesting thing,
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Ovaj odnos je jako interesantan,
06:24
because as we take away some of the predators
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jer kako odnosimo neke od grabljivaca
06:27
on these coral reefs around the world,
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sa koralnih grebena širom sveta,
06:29
the prey, or the forage fish, act very differently.
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plen, ili furaž ribe se ponašaju
mnogo drugačije.
mnogo drugačije.
06:32
What we realized is
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Ono što smo shvatili
06:34
not only do they stop taking care of the reef,
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je da one ne samo da prestanu
da se brinu o koralnom grebenu,
da se brinu o koralnom grebenu,
06:37
darting in, grabbing a little bit of algae
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hitajući, grabeći malo algi
06:39
and going back into their homes,
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i vraćajući se svojim domovima,
06:41
they start spreading out and disappearing
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one počinju da se rasejavaju i nestaju
06:43
from those particular coral reefs.
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sa ovih određenih koralnih grebena.
06:45
Well, within that 31 days,
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Pa, tokom 31 dana,
06:47
we were able to generate over 10 scientific papers
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uspeli smo da proizvedemo
više od 10 naučnih radova
više od 10 naučnih radova
06:50
on each one of these topics.
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na svaku od ovih tema.
06:53
But the point of adventure is not only to learn,
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Ali, cilj avanture nije samo da se nauči,
06:58
it's to be able to share that
knowledge with the world,
knowledge with the world,
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već i da se to znanje
podeli sa svetom,
podeli sa svetom,
07:00
and with that, thanks to a
couple of engineers at MIT,
couple of engineers at MIT,
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i s tim u vezi, zahvaljujući
dvojici inženjera sa MIT-a
dvojici inženjera sa MIT-a
bili smo u mogućnosti da koristimo
prototip kamere nazvane Edžertronik
prototip kamere nazvane Edžertronik
07:04
we were able to use a prototype
camera called the Edgertronic
camera called the Edgertronic
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07:07
to capture slow-motion video,
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kako bismo snimali usporeno,
07:10
up to 20,000 frames per second
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do 20.000 kadrova u sekundi
07:13
in a little box
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u maloj kutiji
07:15
that's worth 3,000 dollars.
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koja košta 3.000 dolara.
07:16
It's available to every one of us.
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Sada je dostupna svima.
07:18
And that particular camera gives us an insight
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I ta konkretna kamera nam daje uvid
07:21
into what fairly common animals do
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u to šta prilično obične životinje rade
07:24
but we can't even see it in the blink of an eye.
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ali što ne možemo da vidimo
ni krajičkom oka.
ni krajičkom oka.
07:26
Let me show you a quick video
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Dopustite da vam pokažem kratak snimak
07:28
of what this camera does.
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onoga šta ova kamera može.
07:30
You can see the silky bubble come out
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Možete da vidite
svilenkast mehur kako izlazi
svilenkast mehur kako izlazi
07:33
of our hard hats.
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iz naših kaciga.
07:35
It gives us an insight
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To nam daje uvid
07:38
into some of the animals that we were sitting
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u neke životinje
u čijoj smo neposrednoj blizini
u čijoj smo neposrednoj blizini
07:40
right next to for 31 days
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bili 31 dan
07:42
and never normally would have paid attention to,
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i na šta nikada normalno
ne bismo obratili pažnju,
ne bismo obratili pažnju,
07:45
such as hermit crabs.
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kao što su rakovi bogomoljke.
07:47
Now, using a cutting-edge piece of technology
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Sada, koristiti najnoviju tehnologiju
07:50
that's not really meant for the oceans
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koja nije namenjena upotrebi u okeanima
07:52
is not always easy.
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nije uvek lako.
07:54
We sometimes had to put the camera upside down,
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Ponekad smo morali
da postavimo kameru naopako,
da postavimo kameru naopako,
07:56
cordon it back to the lab,
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povežemo je sa laboratorijom,
07:59
and actually man the trigger
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i zapravo povučemo okidač
08:02
from the lab itself.
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iz same laboratorije.
08:04
But what this gives us
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Ali ono što ovim dobijamo
08:06
is the foresight to look at and analyze
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je mogućnost da posmatramo i analiziramo
08:09
in scientific and engineering terms
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u naučnim i inženjerskim terminima
08:12
some of the most amazing behavior
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neke od zapanjujućih oblika ponašanja
koje ljudsko oko prosto ne može da uhvati,
08:15
that the human eye just can't pick up,
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08:16
such as this manta shrimp
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kao što je ovaj rak bogomoljka
08:19
trying to catch its prey,
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u pokušaju da ulovi plen.
08:21
within about .3 seconds.
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tokom oko 0,3 sekunde.
Taj udarac je jak poput
metka od .22 kalibra,
metka od .22 kalibra,
08:27
That punch is as strong as a .22 caliber bullet,
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i ukoliko ikada pokušate
da golim okom vidite
da golim okom vidite
08:30
and if you ever try to catch a bullet
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08:31
in mid-flight with your eye, impossible.
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metak u letu, to je nemoguće.
Ali sada možemo da vidimo stvari
08:35
But now we can see things
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08:36
such as these Christmas tree worms
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kao što su ovi jelka crvi
08:39
pulling in and fanning out
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kako se uvlače i rastvaraju
08:42
in a way that the eye just can't capture,
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na način koji oko ne može da vidi,
08:45
or in this case,
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ili, u ovom slučaju
08:47
a fish throwing up grains of sand.
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ribu koja povraća zrna peska.
08:54
This is an actual sailfin goby,
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Ovo je pravi glavoč
08:56
and if you look at it in real time,
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i ukoliko ga pogledate u realnom vremenu,
08:59
it actually doesn't even show its fanning motion
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ne vidite ovaj pokret širenja i sklapanja
09:02
because it's so quick.
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jer je suviše brz.
Jedan od najdragocenijih darova
koje smo imali ispod vode
koje smo imali ispod vode
09:05
One of the most precious gifts
that we had underwater
that we had underwater
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09:07
is that we had WiFi,
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je bežični internet,
i tokom 31 dana bili smo
u mogućnosti da se povežemo
u mogućnosti da se povežemo
09:09
and for 31 days straight we were able to connect
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09:12
with the world in real time
from the bottom of the sea
from the bottom of the sea
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sa svetom u realnom vremenu sa dna mora
09:14
and share all of these experiences.
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i podelimo sva ova iskustva.
09:16
Quite literally right there
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Doslovno odatle sam koristio
09:18
I am Skyping in the classroom
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Skajp u učionici
09:19
with one of the six continents
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sa jednim od šest kontinenata
09:21
and some of the 70,000
students that we connected
students that we connected
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i nekim od 70.000 studenata
koje smo svakodnevno
koje smo svakodnevno
09:24
every single day to some of these experiences.
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povezivali sa nekim od ovih iskustava.
09:27
As a matter of fact, I'm showing a picture that I took
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Zapravo, pokazujem
fotografiju koju sam snimio
fotografiju koju sam snimio
09:29
with my smartphone from underwater
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svojim telefonom ispod vode,
09:31
of a goliath grouper laying on the bottom.
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golijat škarpinu kako leži na dnu.
09:34
We had never seen that before.
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To nikada ranije nismo videli.
A ja sanjam o danu
09:39
And I dream of the day
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09:41
that we have underwater cities,
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kada ćemo imati podvodne gradove,
09:43
and maybe, just maybe, if we push the boundaries
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i možda, samo možda,
ukoliko pomerimo granice
ukoliko pomerimo granice
09:46
of adventure and knowledge,
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avanture i nauke,
09:48
and we share that knowledge with others out there,
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i ukoliko delimo to znanje sa drugima,
09:51
we can solve all sorts of problems.
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možemo da rešimo razne probleme.
09:54
My grandfather used to say,
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Moj deda je govorio:
09:56
"People protect what they love."
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"Ljudi štite ono što vole".
09:59
My father, "How can people protect
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Moj otac: "Kako ljudi mogu da zaštite
10:01
what they don't understand?"
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ono što ne razumeju?"
10:06
And I've thought about this my whole life.
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I ja o ovome razmišljam čitavog života.
10:10
Nothing is impossible.
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Ništa nije nemoguće.
10:14
We need to dream, we need to be creative,
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Treba da sanjamo,
treba da budemo kreativni,
treba da budemo kreativni,
10:17
and we all need to have an adventure
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i svi treba da imamo avanturu
10:19
in order to create miracles in the darkest of times.
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kako bismo mogli da kreiramo
čuda u mračnim vremenima.
čuda u mračnim vremenima.
10:23
And whether it's about climate change
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I da li se radi o klimatskim promenama
10:25
or eradicating poverty
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ili iskorenjivanju siromaštva
10:28
or giving back to future generations
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ili vraćanju budućim generacijama
10:29
what we've taken for granted,
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onoga što mi uzimamo zdravo za gotovo,
10:32
it's about adventure.
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radi se o avanturi.
10:34
And who knows, maybe
there will be underwater cities,
there will be underwater cities,
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I ko zna, možda će biti
gradova ispod vode,
gradova ispod vode,
10:37
and maybe some of you
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i možda će neki od vas
10:38
will become the future aquanauts.
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postati budući akvanauti.
10:40
Thank you very much.
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Mnogo vam hvala.
10:42
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Fabien Cousteau - Ocean explorer and environmentalistFabien Cousteau spent 31 days underwater to research how climate change and pollution are affecting the oceans.
Why you should listen
For 31 days, from June 1 to July 2, 2014, Fabien Cousteau and a team of scientists and filmmakers lived and worked 20 meters below the surface of the Atlantic Ocean, at the Acquarius underwater science lab 9 miles off the coast of Florida. The intent of Mission31: study the life of and on the coral reef -- and the effects of climate change, acidification, and pollution, in particular by plastic debris and oil spills. But it was also a study of the scientists themselves spending extended time underwater. By stayigng down continuously, they collected the equivalent of several years of scientific data in just a month.
50 years ago Fabien Cousteau's grandfather, the legendary ocean explorer Jacques-Yves Cousteau, led a similar -- but shorter by one day -- expedition under the surface of the Red Sea. Since, we have explored only a very small portion of the oceans, less than 5 percent.
More profile about the speaker50 years ago Fabien Cousteau's grandfather, the legendary ocean explorer Jacques-Yves Cousteau, led a similar -- but shorter by one day -- expedition under the surface of the Red Sea. Since, we have explored only a very small portion of the oceans, less than 5 percent.
Fabien Cousteau | Speaker | TED.com