TED@BCG Toronto
Anirudh Sharma: Ink made of air pollution
Anirud Šarma (Anirudh Sharma): Mastilo od zagađenog vazduha
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Šta ako bismo mogli da uhvatimo zagađenje iz vazduha i pretvorimo ga u nešto korisno? Pronalazač Anirud Šarma deli sa nama svoje iskustvo o tome kako je stvorio AIR INK, vazdušno mastilo napravljeno od zagađenih čestica PM 2,5. Pogledajte kako ugljani materijali mogu stati na put dugogodišnjim industrijskim navikama u modi, štampanju i pakovanju, i usput učiniti ovaj svet malo čistijim.
Anirudh Sharma - Engineer, inventor
Inventor Anirudh Sharma is the founder of Graviky Labs, an MIT Media Labs spinoff. Full bio
Inventor Anirudh Sharma is the founder of Graviky Labs, an MIT Media Labs spinoff. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Every year, more than four
to five million people die
to five million people die
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Svake godine, između četiri
i pet miliona ljudi umre
i pet miliona ljudi umre
00:15
due to exposure to outdoor air pollution
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usled izloženosti zagađenom vazduhu
u celom svetu.
00:18
around the world.
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00:20
This petri dish that you are looking at
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Ova Petrijeva šolja koju trenutno vidite
00:23
contains approximately
20 minutes' worth of pollution
20 minutes' worth of pollution
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sadrži dvedesetominutno
zagađenje iz vazduha
zagađenje iz vazduha
00:26
captured off a pyrolysis plant.
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iz postrojenja za pirolizu.
00:29
This is PM 2.5.
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Ovo je PM 2,5.
00:31
These particles --
you can see it right now,
you can see it right now,
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Ove čestice sada možete da vidite,
00:33
but when they're out there
in the air, you won't see them.
in the air, you won't see them.
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ali kada su u vazduhu, nevidljive su.
00:36
These are so tiny that our lungs --
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Toliko su sitne da naša pluća
00:38
our bodies cannot filter them,
and they end up in our bodies --
and they end up in our bodies --
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ne mogu da ih filtriraju,
i one završavaju u našim telima,
i one završavaju u našim telima,
00:43
give us asthma and lung cancer
if not treated in the right time.
if not treated in the right time.
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pa tako dobijamo astmu ili rak pluća
ukoliko se ne lečimo na vreme.
ukoliko se ne lečimo na vreme.
00:47
On a trip back to India,
when I was a student in 2012,
when I was a student in 2012,
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Na putovanju u Indiji 2012. godine,
kada sam još bio student,
kada sam još bio student,
00:50
I took this picture.
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uslikao sam ovo.
00:51
This picture stuck in my head.
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Ovu sliku nikada nisam zaboravio.
00:53
On one side, you see this exhaust
of a diesel generator,
of a diesel generator,
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Sa jedne strane vidite
izduvni gas dizel-motora,
izduvni gas dizel-motora,
00:57
the same generator
which is a sign of human progress,
which is a sign of human progress,
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istоg motora koji je obeležio
ljudski napredak,
ljudski napredak,
01:00
which is a sign of rapid industrialization
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koji je znak ubrzane industrijalizacije
01:03
and what we have become
as a society in the last 100 years,
as a society in the last 100 years,
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i onoga što smo postali
kao društvo u poslednjih 100 godina,
kao društvo u poslednjih 100 godina,
01:06
generating energy.
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proizvođači energije.
01:08
But on the other side,
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Ali sa druge strane,
01:09
you see this very interesting
triangular, black-colored swatch,
triangular, black-colored swatch,
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vidite ovaj zanimljivi
trouglasti crni uzorak,
trouglasti crni uzorak,
01:12
that is produced by the same
residual particulate waste
residual particulate waste
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nastao od istih otpadnih čestica,
01:16
created by the emissions of the generator.
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koje su stvorile emisije motora.
01:20
Now, this picture gave me an idea
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Ova slika me je inspirisala
01:22
and got me thinking about rethinking
both pollution and inks,
both pollution and inks,
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i naterala da ponovo razmislim
o zagađenju i mastilu,
o zagađenju i mastilu,
01:27
because it was making
that black-colored mark.
that black-colored mark.
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jer je stvarala te crne fleke.
01:29
Now, the reality is that most of the black
ink that we use conventionally
ink that we use conventionally
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Ali, u stvarnosti,
većina mastila koje koristimo
većina mastila koje koristimo
01:33
is traditionally produced
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se obično proizvodi
01:34
by conventionally burning
fossil fuels in factories.
fossil fuels in factories.
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konvencionalnim sagorevanjem
fosilnih goriva u fabrikama.
fosilnih goriva u fabrikama.
01:38
There are factories around the world
that are burning fossil fuels
that are burning fossil fuels
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Po celom svetu postoje fabrike
koje sagorevaju fosilna goriva
koje sagorevaju fosilna goriva
radi stvaranja čađi
01:41
to produce carbon black,
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od koje se pravi crno mastilo
za svakodnevnu upotrebu.
za svakodnevnu upotrebu.
01:43
to make black inks that we use
on an everyday basis.
on an everyday basis.
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01:46
But given that millions
of liters of fossil fuels
of liters of fossil fuels
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Ali imajući u vidu da se milioni litara
fosilnih goriva već sagorevaju
fosilnih goriva već sagorevaju
01:49
are already being burned out there
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01:51
by our cars, our engines
and our exhaust out there,
and our exhaust out there,
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iz naših automobila, motora i auspuha,
01:54
what if you could capture that pollution
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šta ako bismo mogli
da uhvatimo tu zagađenost
da uhvatimo tu zagađenost
01:57
and use it to recycle and make those inks?
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i da je recikliramo
kako bismo napravili mastilo?
kako bismo napravili mastilo?
02:00
I decided to give this experiment a shot.
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Probao sam da ispitam ovu teoriju.
02:03
I went back to my lab back in Boston
and conducted a small experiment.
and conducted a small experiment.
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Otišao sam u svoju kancelariju u Bostonu
i sproveo mali eksperiment.
i sproveo mali eksperiment.
02:07
In Boston, I couldn't find
much pollution to play with,
much pollution to play with,
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U Bostonu nisam našao
zagađenje da se igram,
zagađenje da se igram,
pa sam stoga koristio sveću.
02:10
so I resorted to using a candle.
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02:12
This was an experiment.
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U ovome se sastojao eksperiment.
02:14
I burnt a candle,
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Izgoreo sam sveću,
02:15
built this contraption
that would suck in that candle soot,
that would suck in that candle soot,
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stvorio ovu čudnu mašinu
koja je usisavala čađ iz sveće,
koja je usisavala čađ iz sveće,
02:19
mixed it with some
vegetable oil and vodka,
vegetable oil and vodka,
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izmešao ga sa biljnim uljem i vodkom,
02:21
because to a DIY hacker,
these were really easily available.
these were really easily available.
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jer su za hakera „uradi sam“
ove stvari vrlo lako dostupne.
ove stvari vrlo lako dostupne.
02:25
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:26
And after mixing them,
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Nakon što sam ih pomešao,
02:27
you could churn out
a very rudimentary form of ink
a very rudimentary form of ink
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dobio sam osnovni oblik mastila
02:30
that would go into a cartridge,
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koji sam stavio u ketridž
02:32
and now you could print with it.
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i koristio za štampanje.
02:34
This was my "Hello, World!"
of experimenting
of experimenting
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Ovo je bio moj prvi eksperiment
02:37
with printing with pollution.
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štampanja zagađenjem.
02:41
This is the same pollution
that I showed you in the petri dish,
that I showed you in the petri dish,
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Ovo je isto zagađenje
koje sam vam pokazao u Petrijevoj šolji
koje sam vam pokazao u Petrijevoj šolji
02:44
which is the result of any fossil fuel
that is being burned out there.
that is being burned out there.
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koje nastaje kao rezultat
bilo kog sagorenog fosilnog goriva.
bilo kog sagorenog fosilnog goriva.
02:49
In 2015, I decided to take
this experimentation forward
this experimentation forward
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Odlučio sam da 2015. godine
nastavim sa ovim eksperimentom
nastavim sa ovim eksperimentom
02:52
and set up a lab in India
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i osnovao sam laboratoriju u Indiji
02:54
to work on the capture and recycling
of air pollution.
of air pollution.
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za rad na hvatanju i recikliranju
vazdušnog zagađenja.
vazdušnog zagađenja.
02:57
In the good times, the lab
used to look something like this.
used to look something like this.
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U dobrim vremenima,
laboratorija je izgledala ovako.
laboratorija je izgledala ovako.
03:00
But experimentations
were not always controlled,
were not always controlled,
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Ali eksperimenti
su nekada izmicali kontroli
su nekada izmicali kontroli
03:02
and disasters happened.
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i desile bi se katastrofe.
03:04
And while experimentation would happen,
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Za vreme trajanja eksperimenata,
03:06
the lab would end up
looking something like this.
looking something like this.
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laboratorija bi na kraju izgledala ovako.
03:09
Well, we knew where we wanted to go,
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Pa, znali smo kuda želimo da idemo,
03:11
but we were not sure
how exactly to reach there.
how exactly to reach there.
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ali nismo bili sigurni
kako da tamo stignemo.
kako da tamo stignemo.
03:14
The passersby who used to go
by that lab through that building
by that lab through that building
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Prolaznici koji bi slučajno prolazili
pored naše laboratorije
pored naše laboratorije
03:17
used to, at times, think,
"These guys are making bombs in there,"
"These guys are making bombs in there,"
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s vremena na vreme bi pomislili:
„Ovi ljudi ovde prave bombe,“
„Ovi ljudi ovde prave bombe,“
zbog toga što je bilo previše vatre,
žice i dima u istom prostoru.
žice i dima u istom prostoru.
03:20
because there was too much fire,
wires and smoke in the same vicinity.
wires and smoke in the same vicinity.
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03:25
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:27
We decided, let's move to a garage
and take experiments forward.
and take experiments forward.
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Odlučili smo da eksperimente
preselimo u garažu.
preselimo u garažu.
Obezbedili smo garažu, i u početku
03:30
We took a garage,
and during the early stages,
and during the early stages,
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smo se vozili po Bangaloru
sa ovim čudnim napravama.
sa ovim čudnim napravama.
03:32
we were driving around Bangalore
with contraptions like these.
with contraptions like these.
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03:35
This is an early-stage prototype.
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Ovo je prototip iz početne faze.
03:37
Imagine the looks people gave us,
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Zamislite poglede tih ljudi:
„Šta rade ovi ljudi vozeći ova kola?“
„Šta rade ovi ljudi vozeći ova kola?“
03:38
"What are these cars
driving around doing?"
driving around doing?"
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Ovo je prototip našeg početnog sistema
koji hvata zagađenje
koji hvata zagađenje
03:41
This is an early-stage prototype
of our system that would capture pollution
of our system that would capture pollution
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03:44
that is being released from
a conventional diesel-based car.
a conventional diesel-based car.
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koje dolazi iz konvencionalnih
dizel-automobila.
dizel-automobila.
03:48
This is an early stage of the technology.
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Ovo je početna faza naše tehnologije.
03:50
We advanced the technology
and created this into this version
and created this into this version
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Napredovali smo i stvorili ovu verziju
03:55
that would capture pollution
from static sources of pollution,
from static sources of pollution,
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koja hvata zagađenje iz statičkih izvora
kao što je dizel-motor.
kao što je dizel-motor.
03:58
like a diesel generator.
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Ako vidite, sav dim nestaje
čim se mašina uključi.
čim se mašina uključi.
03:59
If you see, all the fumes disappear
as soon as you turn this machine on.
as soon as you turn this machine on.
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04:04
Without affecting
the performance of the engine,
the performance of the engine,
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Bez ikakvog uticaja na rad motora,
04:08
we are able to capture
95 percent worth of pollution
95 percent worth of pollution
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možemo da uhvatimo 95% zagađenja
04:11
released from the diesel generator.
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iz dizel-motora.
04:13
This is the particulate matter
that we are talking about that we capture,
that we are talking about that we capture,
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Ovo je čestična materija
o kojoj govorimo i koju hvatamo,
o kojoj govorimo i koju hvatamo,
04:17
in this case, within three to four hours
of operation of a generator.
of operation of a generator.
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u ovom slučaju, za tri
do četiri časa rada generatora.
do četiri časa rada generatora.
04:22
And while our experiments
and our research was advancing,
and our research was advancing,
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I kako su naši eksperimenti
i istraživanje napredovali,
i istraživanje napredovali,
04:26
a very big company, a very big brand,
approached us and said,
approached us and said,
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veoma velika kompanija, velika marka,
nam se obratila, rekavši:
nam se obratila, rekavši:
04:29
"We want to take this idea
further with you guys,
further with you guys,
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„Želimo da dalje razvijamo
ovu ideju sa vama,
ovu ideju sa vama,
04:32
and take this further
in a very big celebrated form."
in a very big celebrated form."
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i dovedemo je do vrhunca.“
Rekli su: „Hajde da napravimo
globalnu umetničku kampanju
globalnu umetničku kampanju
04:36
They said, "Let's do a global art campaign
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04:38
with the inks that you are making
off this pollution."
off this pollution."
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sa mastilom koje pravite
od ovog zagađenja.“
od ovog zagađenja.“
04:41
I'll show you what the ink looks like.
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Pokazaću vam kako izgleda mastilo.
04:43
So, this pen is made by recycling
40 to 50 minutes of that car pollution
40 to 50 minutes of that car pollution
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Ovu olovku smo napravili reciklažom
tih zagađivača iz automobila
tokom 40 do 50 minuta,
tokom 40 do 50 minuta,
04:49
that we are talking about,
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istog zagađenja kao iz Petrijeve šolje.
04:51
the same pollution
that is in the petri dish.
that is in the petri dish.
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To je veoma oštra crna boja
kojom možete pisati.
kojom možete pisati.
04:53
And it's a very sharp black
that you can write with.
that you can write with.
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Stoga ću napisati...
04:55
So I'm going to write ...
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05:00
PM 2.5, that's incorrect.
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PM 2,5, netačno.
05:03
So this is a very sharp black
that is generated by the same pollution.
that is generated by the same pollution.
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Ovo je vrlo oštra crna boja
stvorena iz istog zagađenja.
stvorena iz istog zagađenja.
05:08
After much work on the lab-level research,
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Nakon mnogo rada u laboratoriji,
05:10
we got an offer from a big corporation
to do a very big trial of this idea.
to do a very big trial of this idea.
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dobili smo ponudu velike korporacije
za isprobavanje ove ideje.
za isprobavanje ove ideje.
05:14
And it happened to be a brand,
and we didn't think twice.
and we didn't think twice.
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Desilo se da je u pitanju
bila marka, i nismo oklevali.
bila marka, i nismo oklevali.
05:17
We said, "Let's go ahead."
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Rekli smo: „Idemo!“
05:19
Inventing in the lab is one thing
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Pronalaženje u laboratoriji je jedno,
05:21
and taking ideas and deploying them
in the real world is completely another.
in the real world is completely another.
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a pretvaranje ideje u stvarnost
je nešto sasvim drugo.
je nešto sasvim drugo.
05:26
During early stages,
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Na početku,
05:27
we had to resort to using
our own houses and own kitchens
our own houses and own kitchens
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morali smo da koristimo
naše domove i kuhinje
naše domove i kuhinje
05:31
as our ink-making factories,
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kao fabrike mastila,
05:33
and our own bedrooms and living rooms
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a naše spavaće i dnevne sobe
05:35
as the first assembly line
for making these inks.
for making these inks.
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kao montažnu traku za pravljenje mastila.
Ovo je spavaća soba suosnivača Nikhila,
05:38
This is my cofounder Nikhil's own bedroom,
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05:41
that is being used to supply inks
to artists all around the world,
to artists all around the world,
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koju koristimo za snabdevanje
umetnika koji bi slikali ovim mastilom
umetnika koji bi slikali ovim mastilom
05:45
who would paint with AIR-INK.
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po celom svetu.
05:46
And that's him, delivering
AIR-INKs to the ports
AIR-INKs to the ports
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A ovo je on, isporučuje mastilo lukama
05:49
so that the artists
around the world can use it.
around the world can use it.
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kako bi ono stiglo
do umetnika širom sveta.
do umetnika širom sveta.
05:52
Soon, we started seeing
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Ubrzo smo počeli sretati
05:53
that thousands of artists around the world
started using AIR-INK,
started using AIR-INK,
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hiljade umetnika širom sveta
koji koriste vazdušno mastilo,
koji koriste vazdušno mastilo,
05:56
and artworks started emerging like this.
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i nastajala su umetnička dela.
05:59
Soon, thousands of black-and-white,
pollution-made artworks
pollution-made artworks
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Ubrzo, hiljade crno-belih dela
napravljenih od zagađenja
napravljenih od zagađenja
06:02
started emerging on a global scale.
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se pojavilo na globalnom nivou.
06:04
And believe me, for a group
of scientists and engineers and inventors,
of scientists and engineers and inventors,
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A verujte mi, za grupu naučnika,
inženjera i pronalazača,
inženjera i pronalazača,
06:08
there was nothing more satisfying
than that the product of their work
than that the product of their work
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nema ničeg boljeg
nego da proizvod njihovog rada
nego da proizvod njihovog rada
koriste neki od najuticajnijih
umetnika širom sveta.
umetnika širom sveta.
06:11
is now being used by some
of the finest artists around the world.
of the finest artists around the world.
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06:14
This is the cover of "Contagious"
magazine last year,
magazine last year,
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Ovo je prošlogodišnja naslovnica
časopisa „Contagious“
časopisa „Contagious“
06:17
that was done by using the same ink
that we made back in our labs.
that we made back in our labs.
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koja je urađena od mastila
iz naše laboratorije.
iz naše laboratorije.
06:22
This is a famous painting
by the British artist, Christian Furr,
by the British artist, Christian Furr,
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Ovo je poznata slika
britanskog umetnika, Kristijana Fura,
britanskog umetnika, Kristijana Fura,
06:25
who painted it for the song
"Paint It Black" by The Rolling Stones.
"Paint It Black" by The Rolling Stones.
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koju je naslikao za pesmu
„Paint It Black“ od Roling stounsa.
„Paint It Black“ od Roling stounsa.
06:30
Now, there's more to this pen and this ink
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Ovo mastilo i ova olovka su više
06:33
than just the popular
and pop-culture artworks.
and pop-culture artworks.
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od popularnih dela iz pop kulture.
06:36
And now our goal is to create a company
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Sada je naš cilj osnivanje kompanije
06:38
that can actually make some black money --
I mean, just money --
I mean, just money --
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koja bi pravila crni novac -
mislim, samo novac -
mislim, samo novac -
06:42
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:43
and high-quality printing
processes and inks
processes and inks
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i kvalitetna mastila i procese štampanja
06:45
that can replace
the conventional black inks
the conventional black inks
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koji bi zamenili
konvencionalna crna mastila
konvencionalna crna mastila
06:48
that have been produced for the last
thousands of years around the world.
thousands of years around the world.
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koja koristimo u svetu
već hiljadama godina.
već hiljadama godina.
06:52
Soon after our growing popularity
and artworks around the world,
and artworks around the world,
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Ubrzo nakon što je naša popularnost
u svetu počela da raste,
u svetu počela da raste,
06:56
we started facing a very different
kind of a problem.
kind of a problem.
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počeli smo se suočavati
sa novom vrstom problema.
sa novom vrstom problema.
06:59
We started getting spammed by polluters,
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Počeli smo dobijati
neočekivanu poštu od zagađivača,
neočekivanu poštu od zagađivača,
07:02
who would send us bags full of pollution
to our office address,
to our office address,
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koji bi nam slali pune džakove
zagađenja na našu adresu,
zagađenja na našu adresu,
07:05
asking us, "What can we do
with this pollution?"
with this pollution?"
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i pitali: „Šta možemo uraditi
sa ovim zagađenjem?“
sa ovim zagađenjem?“
07:08
Our lab back in Bombay right now
has pollution samples
has pollution samples
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U laboratoriji u Bombaju
trenutno imamo uzorke zagađenja
trenutno imamo uzorke zagađenja
07:11
that have come from London,
from India, from China, you name it.
from India, from China, you name it.
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iz Londona, Indije, Kine, itd.
07:15
And this is just the beginning.
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A ovo je samo početak.
07:17
This polluter sent us
this specific image, asking us
this specific image, asking us
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Ovaj zagađivač nam je poslao
ovu sliku i kazao nam
ovu sliku i kazao nam
07:21
that these are all bags
filled with PM 2.5,
filled with PM 2.5,
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da su ovo džakovi puni čestica PM 2,5,
07:24
and can we recycle it for him
if we paid him some money.
if we paid him some money.
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i da ih možemo reciklirati
ukoliko mu platimo.
ukoliko mu platimo.
07:28
Well, what would he have done
if we did not take that pollution?
if we did not take that pollution?
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A šta bi on uradio
da nismo uzeli te džakove?
da nismo uzeli te džakove?
07:32
He would probably find a nearby river
or a landfill and dump it over there.
or a landfill and dump it over there.
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Verovatno bi ih bacio
u obližnju reku ili deponiju.
u obližnju reku ili deponiju.
07:36
But now, because we had the economics
of AIR-INK figured out on the other side,
of AIR-INK figured out on the other side,
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Ali sada kada imamo razrađenu
ekonomiju vazdušnog mastila,
ekonomiju vazdušnog mastila,
07:39
we could incentivize him to give us
this pollution and make inks from it,
this pollution and make inks from it,
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podstakli smo ga da nam preda to zagađenje
i da od njega napravimo mastilo,
i da od njega napravimo mastilo,
07:45
and turn it into even
more valuable products.
more valuable products.
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i da ga pretvorimo u vredniji proizvod.
07:49
Now, pollution, as we all know,
is a global killer.
is a global killer.
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Zagađenje je, kao što znamo,
globalni ubica.
globalni ubica.
07:52
We can't claim that our ink
will solve the world's pollution problem.
will solve the world's pollution problem.
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Ne možemo tvrditi da će naše mastilo
rešiti problem zagađenja u svetu.
rešiti problem zagađenja u svetu.
07:56
But it does show what can be done
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Ali pokazuje šta se može uraditi
07:57
if you look at this problem
slightly differently.
slightly differently.
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ukoliko se ovaj problem
posmatra malo drugačije.
posmatra malo drugačije.
08:00
Look at this T-shirt
I'm holding right now.
I'm holding right now.
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Pogledajte majicu koju trenutno držim.
08:04
This is made from the same
AIR-INK I'm talking about.
AIR-INK I'm talking about.
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Napravljena je od istog vazdušnog
mastila o kome govorim.
mastila o kome govorim.
08:08
It's made from the same pollution
that is inside this petri dish.
that is inside this petri dish.
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Od istog zagađenja
koje je u ovoj Petrijevoj šolji.
koje je u ovoj Petrijevoj šolji.
08:11
And the same pollution we are all
breathing in when we are walking outdoors.
breathing in when we are walking outdoors.
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I to je isto zagađenje koje udišemo
dok šetamo napolju.
dok šetamo napolju.
08:15
And we are on our way
to do better than this.
to do better than this.
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Ali stvari su krenule nabolje.
08:17
Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam puno.
08:19
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anirudh Sharma - Engineer, inventorInventor Anirudh Sharma is the founder of Graviky Labs, an MIT Media Labs spinoff.
Why you should listen
Anirudh Sharma's interest lies in deep-tech, science-based social entrepreneurship. He fuses cutting-edge sensor, wearable and man-machine interface technology. In 2010, Sharma invented a haptic shoe called "Lechal" to guide the blind. Lechal was the earliest wearable innovation designed for the visually challenged. During his tenure at Fluid Interfaces Group at the MIT Media Lab, Sharma worked on future fabrication and augmented reality with futuristic displays. After returning from MIT, he co-led the nonprofit consortium MIT Media Lab India Initiative with the goal of remodeling and perpetuating self-organized, design-led innovation into the grassroots in India.
Sharma also cofounded Graviky Labs to evolve his side project KAALINK, a retrofit technology which captures particulate carbon emissions from chimneys or diesel engines (without affecting the performance of the engine) before they enter the atmosphere. The captured pollutants are then recycled into inks, called AIR-INK. Forty-five minutes of automotive emissions is equivalent to produce 30 milliliters of black AIR-INK. The company has found its niche globally, replacing conventional black inks applied to arts, printing and fashion industry as a means to offset carbon. To date, Graviky has recycled roughly 250 kilograms of PM2.5 air pollution waste, which has produced 1,200 liters of AIR-INK. Sharma also loves folk, magic and indie artforms.
Anirudh Sharma | Speaker | TED.com