TED2014
Shai Reshef: An ultra-low-cost college degree
Shai Reshef: Shahada ya gharama nafuu kabisa
Filmed:
Readability: 5.1
6,307,713 views
Katika chuo cha mtandaoni cha watu, yeyote aliyemaliza masomo ya sekondari anaweza akasoma masomo ya shahada ya usimamizi wa biashara au sayansi ya kompyuta - bila gharama za kawaida za ada (inagawa mitihani ina gharama zake). Mwanzilishi wake Shai Reshef anatumaini kuwa elimu ya juu inabadilika "kutoka kuwa upendeleo kwa wachache mpaka kuwa haki ya msingi , ambayo inapatikana kwa urahisi na unafuu."
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I would like to share with you
0
881
1611
Ningependa kuwashirikisha
00:14
a new model of higher education,
1
2492
2649
muundo mpya wa helimu ya juu
00:17
a model that, once expanded,
2
5141
3039
muundo ambao ukipanuliwa
00:20
can enhance the collective intelligence
3
8180
2470
unaweza ukaongeza akili ya pamoja
00:22
of millions of creative and motivated individuals
4
10650
3973
ya mamilioni ya watu binafsi
walio na motisha na ubunifu
walio na motisha na ubunifu
00:26
that otherwise would be left behind.
5
14623
3359
ambao vinginevyo wange achwa nyuma.
00:29
Look at the world.
6
17982
1454
tazama ulimwengu
00:31
Pick up a place and focus on it.
7
19436
2822
chagua mahali na upaangazie
00:34
You will find humans chasing higher education.
8
22258
4549
utapata wanadamu wakikimbizana na elimu
00:38
Let's meet some of them.
9
26807
1886
ebu tukutane na wengine wao
00:40
Patrick.
10
28693
1772
Patrick
00:42
Patrick was born in Liberia
11
30465
2295
Patrick alizaliwa Liberia
00:44
to a family of 20 children.
12
32760
3010
kwa familia ya watoto ishirini
00:47
During the civil war, he and his family were forced
13
35770
4321
Wakati wa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe,
yeye na familia yake walilazimika
yeye na familia yake walilazimika
00:52
to flee to Nigeria.
14
40091
2172
kukimbilia Nigeria.
00:54
There, in spite of his situation,
15
42263
2967
huko licha ya hali yake,
00:57
he graduated high school with nearly perfect grades.
16
45230
4154
alihitimu sekondari kwa
karibu alama kamili.
karibu alama kamili.
01:01
He wanted to continue to higher education,
17
49384
2656
Alitaka kuendelea na elimu ya juu
01:04
but due to his family
18
52040
1800
lakini kutokana na familia yake
01:05
living on the poverty line,
19
53840
1832
kuishi katika mstari wa umaskini
01:07
he was soon sent to South Africa
20
55672
2272
haikuchukua mda, akatumwa Afrika Kusini
01:09
to work and send back money
21
57944
2200
kufanya kazi na kutuma fedha nyumbani
01:12
to feed his family.
22
60144
2856
kulisha familia yake.
01:15
Patrick never gave up his dream of higher education.
23
63000
3892
Patrick hakuiacha ndoto ya elimu ya juu.
01:18
Late at night, after work,
24
66892
2352
usiku wa manane, baada ya kazi
01:21
he surfed the Net looking for ways to study.
25
69244
4436
alipekua mtandao akitafuta njia za kusoma.
01:25
Meet Debbie.
26
73680
1200
Kutana na Debbie.
01:26
Debbie is from Florida.
27
74880
2606
Debbie anatoka Florida.
01:29
Her parents didn't go to college,
28
77486
2218
Wazazi wake hawakuenda chuo,
01:31
and neither did any of her siblings.
29
79704
3052
wala yeyote wa ndugu zake.
01:34
Debbie has worked all her life,
30
82756
3280
Debbie amefanya kazi maisha yake yote,
01:38
pays taxes, supports herself month to month,
31
86036
3811
hulipa kodi, na kujimudu mwezi kwa mwezi,
01:41
proud of the American dream,
32
89847
2352
akijivunia ndoto ya Marekani,
01:44
a dream that just won't be complete
33
92199
2447
ndoto ambayo haiwezi ikawa kamili
01:46
without higher education.
34
94646
2224
bila elimu ya juu.
01:48
But Debbie doesn't have the savings
35
96870
2440
Lakini Debbie hajaweka akiba
01:51
for higher education.
36
99310
1138
ya elimu ya juu.
01:52
She can't pay the tuition.
37
100448
2354
hawezi kulipia masomo,
01:54
Neither could she leave work.
38
102802
2748
wala kuweza kuacha kazi.
01:57
Meet Wael.
39
105550
2176
Kutana na Wael.
01:59
Wael is from Syria.
40
107726
2184
Wael ni mkaaji wa Syria.
02:01
He's firsthand experiencing
41
109910
3494
anapitia ana kwa ana
02:05
the misery, fear and failure
42
113404
2358
taabu, hofu na kushindwa
02:07
imposed on his country.
43
115762
2935
zilizowekewa nchi yake.
02:10
He's a big believer in education.
44
118697
2535
Anaamini sana kwa elimu.
02:13
He knew that if he would find an opportunity
45
121232
2440
Alijua kwamba akipata fursa
02:15
for higher education,
46
123672
1517
ya elimu ya juu,
02:17
an opportunity to get ahead of the rest,
47
125189
2791
fursa ya kutangulia wengine,
02:19
he has a better chance to survive
48
127980
2252
ana nafasi nzuri ya kuishi
02:22
in a world turned upside down.
49
130232
3889
katika dunia iliogeuka kichwa chini.
02:26
The higher education system
50
134121
3025
Mfumo wa elimu ya juu
02:29
failed Patrick, Debbie and Wael,
51
137146
3136
ulifeli Patrick, Debbie na Wael,
02:32
exactly as it is failing
52
140282
2280
jinsi tu inavyofeli
02:34
millions of potential students,
53
142562
2648
mamilioni ya wanafunzi
02:37
millions that graduate high school,
54
145210
3114
mamilioni waliohitimu shule za sekondari
02:40
millions that are qualified for higher education,
55
148324
3366
mamilioni ambao wamefuzu elimu ya juu
02:43
millions that want to study
56
151690
1816
mamilioni wanaotaka kusoma
02:45
yet cannot access for various reasons.
57
153506
3861
bali hawawezi wakapata kwa sababu tofauti.
02:49
First, financial.
58
157367
3045
Kwanza, za fedha.
02:52
Universities are expensive. We all know it.
59
160412
2919
Vyuo vikuu ni ghali. sote twajua
02:55
In large parts of the world,
60
163331
2128
Maeneo kubwa ulimwenguni
02:57
higher education is unattainable
61
165459
2368
elimu ya juu haiwezekani
02:59
for an average citizen.
62
167827
2456
kwa raia wa kawaida.
03:02
This is probably the biggest problem
63
170283
1892
Hii ndio pengine shida kubwa
03:04
facing our society.
64
172175
2529
inayokumba jamii yetu
03:06
Higher education stopped being a right for all
65
174704
3578
elimu ya juu ilikoma kuwa haki kwa wote
03:10
and became a privilege for the few.
66
178282
3689
ikawa teule kwa wachache.
03:13
Second, cultural.
67
181971
3969
Pili, tamaduni.
03:17
Students who are qualified for higher education,
68
185940
2942
wanafunzi waliohitimu elimu ya juu,
03:20
can afford, want to study, cannot
69
188882
4088
wanaojimudu, wanataka masomo, hawawezi
03:24
because it is not decent,
70
192970
3296
Kwa sababu haiheshimiki,
03:28
it is not a place for a woman.
71
196266
2404
si mahali pa mwanamke.
03:30
This is the story of countless women
72
198670
2564
Hii ndio taswira ya mamia ya wanawake
03:33
in Africa, for example,
73
201234
1776
Afrika, Kwa mfano,
03:35
prevented from higher education
74
203010
2110
Waliozuiliwa kwa elimu ya juu
03:37
because of cultural barriers.
75
205120
2602
kwa sababu ya kinga za tamaduni.
03:39
And here comes the third reason:
76
207722
2388
Na hapa ni sababu ya tatu:
03:42
UNESCO stated that in 2025,
77
210110
3632
UNESCO ilisema kuwa mwakani 2025,
03:45
100 million students
78
213742
3228
wanafunzi milioni mia moja
03:48
will be deprived from higher education
79
216970
2430
watanyimwa elimu ya juu
03:51
simply because there will not be enough seats
80
219400
3811
kwa sababu tu, ya kutokua na viti tosha
03:55
to accommodate them, to meet the demand.
81
223211
3127
kuwapa malazi, kukidhi mahitaji.
03:58
They will take a placement test,
82
226338
1262
Watafanya mtihani wa usajili,
03:59
they will pass it,
83
227600
1755
wataupita,
04:01
but they still won't have access
84
229355
2393
lakini bado hawatapata kuingia
04:03
because there are no places available.
85
231748
3668
kwa sababu hakuna nafasi zilizoko
04:07
These are the reasons
86
235416
1904
Hizi ndizo sababu
04:09
I founded University of the People,
87
237320
2488
Nilianzisha Chuo kikuu cha watu,
04:11
a nonprofit, tuition-free,
88
239808
3024
si cha faida, na bila malezi,
04:14
degree-granting university
89
242832
2065
Chuo kinachopeana shahada ya digrii
04:16
to give an alternative,
90
244897
1887
kupeana mbadala,
04:18
to create an alternative to those who have no other,
91
246784
3592
kujenga mbadala kwa wasio na mwingine
04:22
an alternative that will be affordable
92
250376
3576
mbadala ulio nafuu
04:25
and scalable,
93
253952
1889
na wenye kipimo
04:27
an alternative that will disrupt
94
255841
3033
mbadala utakao koroga
04:30
the current education system,
95
258874
2851
mfumo wa elimu wa sasa
04:33
open the gates to higher education
96
261725
1888
ufungue milango ya elimu ya juu
04:35
for every qualified student
97
263613
2304
kwa mwanafunzi yeyote aliyehitimu
04:37
regardless of what they earn, where they live,
98
265917
4636
bila kujali pato lao, wala wanakoishi,
04:42
or what society says about them.
99
270553
2896
ama jamii inavyonena kuwahusu.
04:45
Patrick, Debbie and Wael
100
273449
1937
Patrick, Debbie na Wael
04:47
are only three examples
101
275386
1383
ni mifano tatu tu
04:48
out of the 1,700 accepted students
102
276769
2401
kati ya wanafunzi 1,700 waliokubaliwa
04:51
from 143 countries.
103
279170
3719
kutoka nchi 143.
04:54
We — (Applause) — Thank you.
104
282889
5261
Sisi - (Makofi) - Asanteni.
05:00
We didn't need to reinvent the wheel.
105
288150
2157
Hatukuitaji kuibuka na gurudumu jipya.
05:02
We just looked at what wasn't working
106
290307
2298
Tuliangalia tu ni kipi kilikuwa hakifaulu
05:04
and used the amazing power of the Internet
107
292605
2967
na kutumia nguvu ya ajabu ya intaneti
05:07
to get around it.
108
295572
1894
kukizingira.
05:09
We set out to build a model
109
297466
2883
Tuliamua kujenga muundo
05:12
that will cut down almost entirely
110
300349
2799
utakao punguza kwa kiwango kikubwa
05:15
the cost of higher education,
111
303148
2456
gharama ya elimu ya juu
05:17
and that's how we did it.
112
305604
2139
na hivyo ndivyo tulifanya.
05:19
First, bricks and mortar cost money.
113
307743
2896
Kwanza, matofali na chokaa ni gharama.
05:22
Universities have expenses
114
310639
2394
Vyuo vikuu vina matumizi
05:25
that virtual universities don't.
115
313033
3390
ambayo vyuo vikuu vya mtandao havina.
05:28
We don't need to pass these expenses
116
316423
1800
Hatuitaji kupasha gharama hizi
05:30
onto our students.
117
318223
1716
kwa wanafunzi wetu.
05:31
They don't exist.
118
319939
1370
Hazipo.
05:33
We also don't need to worry about capacity.
119
321309
3034
Pia hatufai kubabaishwa na uwezo.
05:36
There are no limits of seats
120
324343
2209
hakuna mipaka ya viti
05:38
in virtual university.
121
326552
2399
kwa vyuo vikuu vya mtandao.
05:40
Actually, nobody needs to stand
122
328951
1744
Hakika, hakuna anayeitaji kusimama
05:42
at the back of the lecture hall.
123
330695
2593
nyuma ya ukumbi.
05:45
Textbooks is also something
124
333288
2039
Vitabu vya kiada pia ni kitu
05:47
our students don't need to buy.
125
335327
2517
wanafunzi wetu hawaitaji kununua.
05:49
By using open educational resources
126
337844
2887
Kwa kutumia raisilimali za elimu ya wazi
05:52
and the generosity of professors
127
340731
2480
na ukarimu wa maprofesa
05:55
who are putting their material
128
343211
1769
wanaoweka nyenzo zao
05:56
free and accessible,
129
344980
2679
bure na zinapatikana,
05:59
we don't need to send our students to buy textbooks.
130
347659
2880
Hatuitaji kutuma wanafunzi
wetu kununua vitabu vya kiada,
wetu kununua vitabu vya kiada,
06:02
All of our materials come free.
131
350539
3096
nyenzo zetu zote zinakuja bure
06:05
Even professors,
132
353635
1648
hata maprofesa,
06:07
the most expensive line in
any university balance sheet,
any university balance sheet,
133
355283
3877
Ule mustari ghali kabisa
kwa mizania ya chuo kikuu chochote,
kwa mizania ya chuo kikuu chochote,
06:11
come free to our students,
134
359160
1450
huja bure kwa wanafunzi wetu,
06:12
over 3,000 of them,
135
360610
2553
zaidi ya 3,000 yao
06:15
including presidents, vice chancellors,
136
363163
3590
wakiwemo Marais, makamu wa machancellor,
06:18
professors and academic advisors
137
366753
2895
maprofesa na washauri wa kitaaluma
06:21
from top universities such as NYU,
138
369648
3496
kutoka vyuo vikuu kama vile NYU,
06:25
Yale, Berkeley and Oxford,
139
373144
2080
Yale, Berkely, na Oxford,
06:27
came on board to help our students.
140
375224
2929
wakajiunga nasi kuwasaidia wanafunzi wetu.
06:30
Finally, it's our belief in peer-to-peer learning.
141
378153
4269
Hatimaye, ni imani yetu kwa masomo ya rika kwa rika.
06:34
We use this sound pedagogical model
142
382422
3121
Tunatumia huu muundo wa ufundishaji imara
06:37
to encourage our students from all over the world
143
385543
2728
kuwapa moyo wanafunzi kutoka kote duniani
06:40
to interact and study together
144
388271
2327
kuingiliana na kujifunza pamoja
06:42
and also to reduce the time
145
390598
3225
na pia kupunguza mda
06:45
our professors need to labor over class assignments.
146
393823
4504
Maprofesa wetu wanaohitaji kujizatiti kwa
kazi ya mazoezi darasani.
kazi ya mazoezi darasani.
06:52
If the Internet has made us a global village,
147
400879
5207
Kama intaneti imetufanya
kijiji cha kimataifa,
kijiji cha kimataifa,
06:58
this model can develop its future leadership.
148
406086
4368
muundo huu unaweza kuuendeleza
uongozi wake wa usoni.
uongozi wake wa usoni.
07:02
Look how we do it.
149
410454
1856
Angalia vile tunavyoifanya.
07:04
We only offer two programs:
150
412310
2840
Tunatoa mipango miwili tu:
07:07
business administration and computer science,
151
415150
2488
utawala kibiashara na sayansi ya kompyuta,
07:09
the two programs
152
417638
1649
hiyo mipango miwili
07:11
that are most in demand worldwide,
153
419287
2561
ndio inayosakwa sana duniani kote,
07:13
the two programs that are likeliest
154
421848
1805
hiyo mipango miwili ndio yenye uwezo mkubwa
07:15
to help our students find a job.
155
423653
3569
kuwasaidia wanafunzi wetu kupata ajira.
07:19
When our students are accepted,
156
427222
3052
Wanafunzi wetu wanapokubalika,
07:22
they are placed in a small classroom
157
430274
3505
huwekwa kwa darasa dogo
07:25
of 20 to 30 students to ensure
158
433779
3486
la wanafunzi 20 kwenda 30 kuhakikisha
07:29
that those who need personalized attention get it.
159
437265
3473
wanaohitaji usaidizi binafsi wanapata.
07:32
Moreover, for every nine weeks' course,
160
440738
3772
Zaidi ya hayo, kwa kila kozi ya wiki tisa,
07:36
they meet a new peer,
161
444510
2104
hukutana na rika mpya,
07:38
a whole new set of students
162
446614
1894
kundi nzima la wanafunzi wapya
07:40
from all over the world.
163
448508
1746
kutoka kote ulimwenguni.
07:42
Every week, when they go into the classroom,
164
450254
3048
Kila wiki, wanapoingia darasani,
07:45
they find the lecture notes of the week,
165
453302
2920
wanapata maelezo ya hotuba ya wiki,
07:48
the reading assignment, the homework assignment,
166
456222
2032
zoezi la kusoma, zoezi la ziada,
07:50
and the discussion question,
167
458254
1516
na swali la majadiliano,
07:51
which is the core of our studies.
168
459770
2708
ambayo ni msingi wa masomo yetu,
07:54
Every week, every student
169
462478
1302
Kila wiki, kila mwanafunzi
07:55
must contribute to the class discussion
170
463780
3107
lazima achangie kwa mjadala darasani
07:58
and also must comment
171
466887
1873
na pia lazima atoe maoni
08:00
on the contribution of others.
172
468760
2414
kwa michango ya wengine.
08:03
This way, we open our students' minds,
173
471174
3343
Kwa njia hii, tunafungua akili za wanafunzi wetu,
08:06
we develop a positive shift in attitude
174
474517
2848
tunakuza mwelekeo chanya
08:09
toward different cultures.
175
477365
2800
kuelekea tamaduni tofauti.
08:12
By the end of each week,
176
480165
1936
Mwisho wa kila wiki,
08:14
the students take a quiz,
177
482101
1646
wanafunzi hufanya jaribio,
08:15
hand in their homework,
178
483747
1454
wanawasilisha kazi za ziada,
08:17
which are assessed by their peers
179
485201
1739
ambazo hukaguliwa na wenzao
08:18
under the supervision of the instructors,
180
486940
3345
kwa usimamizi wa waalimu,
08:22
get a grade, move to the next week.
181
490285
2376
pata alama, enda kwa wiki nyingine.
08:24
By the end of the course, they take the final exam,
182
492661
2451
Mwisho wa kozi, hufanya mtihani wa mwisho,
08:27
get a grade, and follow to the next course.
183
495112
5591
pata alama, na kuenda kwa kozi nyingine.
08:32
We opened the gates for higher education
184
500703
2449
Tulifungua milango ya elimu ya juu
08:35
for every qualified student.
185
503152
3719
kwa mwanafunzi yeyote aliyehitimu.
08:38
Every student with a high school diploma,
186
506871
2928
Mwanafunzi yeyote aliyehitimu sekondari,
08:41
sufficient English and Internet connection
187
509799
3158
kingereza tosha na muunganisho wa intaneti
08:44
can study with us.
188
512957
1445
anaweza kusoma na sisi.
08:46
We don't use audio. We don't use video.
189
514402
2766
Hatutumii redio. Hatutumii video.
08:49
Broadband is not necessary.
190
517168
2648
upana wa bendi si hoja.
08:51
Any student from any part of the world
191
519816
2394
Mwanafunzi yeyote kutoka kokote duniani
08:54
with any Internet connection
192
522210
2012
aliye na mwuunganisho wowote wa intaneti
08:56
can study with us.
193
524222
2384
anaweza kusoma nasi.
08:58
We are tuition-free.
194
526606
2191
tuko malezi-huru.
09:00
All we ask our students to cover
195
528797
2343
tuulizacho tu wanafunzi wetu kukidhi
09:03
is the cost of their exams,
196
531140
1744
ni gharama ya mitihani yao,
09:04
100 dollars per exam.
197
532884
2512
Dola 100 kwa kila mtihani.
09:07
A full-time bachelor degree student
198
535396
2674
Mwanafunzi wa muda kamili
wa digrii ya hahada ya kwanza
wa digrii ya hahada ya kwanza
09:10
taking 40 courses,
199
538070
1950
anayechukua kozi 40,
09:12
will pay 1,000 dollars a year,
200
540020
2848
atalipa dola 1,000 kwa mwaka,
09:14
4,000 dollars for the entire degree,
201
542868
2696
Dola 4,000 kukamilisha digrii,
09:17
and for those who cannot afford even this,
202
545564
3466
na kwa wale hawawezi kumudu hata hii,
09:21
we offer them a variety of scholarships.
203
549030
2637
tunawapa udhamini aina mbali mbali.
09:23
It is our mission that nobody will be left behind
204
551667
3305
Ni dhamira yetu kuwa hakuna
atakayeachwa nyuma
atakayeachwa nyuma
09:26
for financial reasons.
205
554972
2128
kwa sababu za kifedha.
09:29
With 5,000 students in 2016,
206
557100
3463
Kwa wanafunzi 5,000 mwaka wa 2016,
09:32
this model is financially sustainable.
207
560563
4697
muundo huu ni endelevu kifedha.
09:37
Five years ago, it was a vision.
208
565260
4597
Miaka mitano iliyopita, yalikuwa maono.
09:41
Today, it is a reality.
209
569857
2857
Leo, ni halisi.
09:44
Last month, we got the ultimate
210
572714
2361
Mwezi jana, hatimaye tulipata
09:47
academic endorsement to our model.
211
575075
3250
muhuri wa kitaaluma kwa muundo wetu.
09:50
University of the People is now fully accredited.
212
578325
3934
Chuo kikuu cha watu sasa kina kibali rasmi
09:54
(Applause)
213
582259
1148
(Makofi)
09:55
Thank you.
214
583407
5900
Asanteni.
10:01
With this accreditation,
215
589307
1644
Kwa kibali hichi,
10:02
it's our time now to scale up.
216
590951
3101
ni wakati wetu sasa kupaa
10:06
We have demonstrated that our model works.
217
594052
3901
Tumeonyesha kwamba muundo wetu
unafanya kazi.
unafanya kazi.
10:09
I invite universities and, even more important,
218
597953
3327
nakaribisha vyuo vikuu, na maana zaidi,
10:13
developing countries' governments,
219
601280
1705
serikali za nchi zinazokua,
10:14
to replicate this model
220
602985
1665
kuiga muundo huu
10:16
to ensure that the gates of higher education
221
604650
3140
kuhakikisha milango ya elimu ya juu
10:19
will open widely.
222
607790
2370
itapanuka zaidi.
10:22
A new era is coming,
223
610160
2290
Enzi mpya inakuja
10:24
an era that will witness
224
612450
2528
enzi itakayo shuhudia
10:26
the disruption of the higher education model
225
614978
2700
kuvurugika kwa elimu ya juu
10:29
as we know it today,
226
617678
1750
kama tunvyoijua leo,
10:31
from being a privilege for the few
227
619428
4436
kutoka kuwa teule kwa wachache
10:35
to becoming a basic right,
228
623864
2374
kuenda kuwa haki ya kimsingi,
10:38
affordable and accessible for all.
229
626238
3297
nafuu na inayopatikana kwa wote,
10:41
Thank you.
230
629535
2029
Asanteni.
10:43
(Applause)
231
631564
3780
(Makofi)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shai Reshef - Education entrepreneurShai Reshef wants to democratize higher education.
Why you should listen
Reshef is the president of University of the People, an online school that offers tuition-free academic degrees in computer science, business administration and health studies (and MBA) to students across the globe. The university is partnered with Yale Law School for research and NYU and University of California Berkeley to accept top students. It's accredited in the U.S. and has admitted thousands of students from more than 180 countries. Wired magazine has included Reshef in its list of "50 People Changing the World" while Foreign Policy named him a "Top Global Thinker." Now Reshef wants to contribute to addressing the refugee crisis. "Education is a major factor in solving this global challenge," he says. UoPeople is taking at least 500 Syrian refugees as students with full scholarship. Before founding UoPeople, Reshef chaired KIT eLearning, the first online university in Europe.
Shai Reshef | Speaker | TED.com