ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Brooks - Op-ed columnist
Writer and thinker David Brooks has covered business, crime and politics over a long career in journalism.

Why you should listen

David Brooks became an Op-Ed columnist for The New York Times in September 2003. He is currently a commentator on "The PBS Newshour," NPR’s "All Things Considered" and NBC's "Meet the Press."

He is the author of Bobos in Paradise and The Social Animal. In April 2015, he released with his fourth book, The Road to Character, which was a #1 New York Times bestseller.

Brooks also teaches at Yale University, and is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.

Born on August 11, 1961 in Toronto, Canada, Brooks graduated a bachelor of history from the University of Chicago in 1983. He became a police reporter for the City News Bureau, a wire service owned jointly by the Chicago Tribune and Sun-Times.

He worked at The Washington Times and then The Wall Street Journal for nine years. His last post at the Journal was as Op-ed Editor. Prior to that, he was posted in Brussels, covering Russia, the Middle East, South Africa and European affairs. His first post at the Journal was as editor of the book review section, and he filled in as the Journal's movie critic.

He also served as a senior editor at The Weekly Standard for 9 years, as well as contributing editor for The Atlantic and Newsweek.

More profile about the speaker
David Brooks | Speaker | TED.com
TED2014

David Brooks: Should you live for your résumé ... or your eulogy?

大卫.布鲁克斯: 大卫.布鲁克斯: 活在你的简历 ... 或者你的悼词?

Filmed:
2,720,594 views

我们每个人都有两个自我,提出者大卫.布鲁克斯在这里进行了简短的演说:那个渴望成功的自我,也就是简历里的自我,和那个看中人际交往,团队,爱的自我——这种价值观最后形成了一份伟大的悼词。(约瑟夫.索罗维奇可把这个称作”亚当一号“和”亚当二号“)布鲁克斯提出:这两种自我能否达到平衡?
- Op-ed columnist
Writer and thinker David Brooks has covered business, crime and politics over a long career in journalism. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

我一直在思考下面两者的区别,
00:12
So I've been thinking思维 about the difference区别 between之间
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00:14
the résumé virtues美德 and
the eulogy virtues美德.
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简历美德和悼词美德。
00:17
The résumé virtues美德 are the
ones那些 you put on your résumé,
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简历美德是指那些你自己会写在简历上的优点,
00:20
which哪一个 are the skills技能
you bring带来 to the marketplace市井.
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这是一种在市场中生存的技能。
00:23
The eulogy virtues美德 are the ones那些
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悼词美德是指那些会在
00:25
that get mentioned提到 in the eulogy,
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你的悼词中,别人提到的话。
00:27
which哪一个 are deeper更深: who are you,
in your depth深度,
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哪一个更深刻:从内心深处来讲,哪一个才是你。
00:30
what is the nature性质 of your relationships关系,
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在人际关系中,你的本质是什么,
00:31
are you bold胆大, loving爱心, dependable可信, consistency一致性?
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大胆的?深情的?值得信任的?还是稳重的?
00:35
And most of us, including包含
me, would say
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包括我自己在内的大多说人会说,
00:36
that the eulogy virtues美德 are the
more important重要 of the virtues美德.
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悼词美德会更加重要。
00:40
But at least最小 in my case案件,
are they the ones那些 that
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但是至少从我的角度来说,他们是
00:42
I think about the most?
And the answer回答 is no.
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我认为的最重要的那个吗?答案是否定的。
所以我正在思考一个问题,
00:45
So I've been thinking思维 about that problem问题,
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00:47
and a thinker思想家 who has
helped帮助 me think about it
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并且一个思想家也在帮助我思考,
00:48
is a guy named命名 Joseph约瑟夫 SoloveitchikSoloveitchik, who was a rabbi拉比
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叫做约瑟夫,过去是一个犹太学者,
00:50
who wrote a book called "The
Lonely孤独 Man Of Faith信仰" in 1965.
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在1965年著有《有信仰的孤独人》。
00:53
SoloveitchikSoloveitchik said there are two sides双方 of our natures本性,
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索罗维奇可说到我们的本质可以分为两面,
他称之为亚当一号以及亚当二号。
00:56
which哪一个 he called Adam亚当 I
and Adam亚当 IIII.
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00:59
Adam亚当 I is the worldly世俗, ambitious有雄心,
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亚当一号是世俗的,雄心勃勃的,
01:00
external外部 side of our nature性质.
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是我们本质外在的一面。
01:03
He wants to build建立, create创建,
create创建 companies公司,
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这一面想要去建造,去创造,创造公司,
01:05
create创建 innovation革新.
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创造革新。
01:06
Adam亚当 IIII is the humble谦卑
side of our nature性质.
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亚当二号则是本质中谦逊的那一面。
01:09
Adam亚当 IIII wants not only
to do good but to be good,
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亚当二号要求不仅要做好事,并且要成为好人,
01:12
to live生活 in a way internally国内
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去以一种内在的方式生活,
01:14
that honors荣誉 God, creation创建 and our possibilities可能性.
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去尊敬上帝,创作,以及自我的责任。
01:18
Adam亚当 I wants to conquer征服 the world世界.
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亚当一号想要征服这个世界。
01:19
Adam亚当 IIII wants to hear
a calling调用 and obey遵守 the world世界.
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亚当二号想要倾听这个世界的呼唤并且遵循这个世界。
01:22
Adam亚当 I savors品味 accomplishment成就.
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亚当一号尽情享受那种成就感。
01:25
Adam亚当 IIII savors品味 inner
consistency一致性 and strength强度.
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亚当二号则享受内在的融合和赐予的力量。
01:27
Adam亚当 I asks how things work.
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亚当一号询问事情怎么运转。
01:30
Adam亚当 IIII asks why we're here.
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亚当二号则关心我们为什么在这里。
01:32
Adam亚当 I's我的 motto座右铭 is "success成功."
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亚当一号的座右铭是“成功”。
01:35
Adam亚当 II's二世 motto座右铭 is "love, redemption赎回 and return返回."
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亚当二号的座右铭是“爱,拯救和回报”。
01:39
And SoloveitchikSoloveitchik argued争论
that these two sides双方
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同时,索罗维奇可也思考过我们
01:41
of our nature性质 are
at war战争 with each other.
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这两种感情的相互斗争。
01:43
We live生活 in perpetual永动的 self-confrontation自我对抗
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我们生活在一个不断进行自我抗争,
01:45
between之间 the external外部 success成功 and the internal内部 value.
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夹杂在外在的成功和内在的价值之中。
01:49
And the tricky狡猾 thing,
I'd say, about these
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我认为更有趣的是,
01:51
two sides双方 of our nature性质 is they work
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我们的两种本质,
01:53
by different不同 logics逻辑.
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依照不同的逻辑运作。
01:55
The external外部 logic逻辑 is
an economic经济 logic逻辑:
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外在逻辑方法是经济学的逻辑方式:
01:57
input输入 leads引线 to output产量,
risk风险 leads引线 to reward奖励.
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投入产出模式和风险回报模式。
02:01
The internal内部 side of our nature性质
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我们内在的本质
02:03
is a moral道德 logic逻辑 and
often经常 an inverse logic逻辑.
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是一种道德上的逻辑,通常是一种逆向逻辑。
02:06
You have to give to receive接收.
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你不得不用你的付出去获得。
02:08
You have to surrender投降
to something outside yourself你自己
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你不得不先放弃你自身的外在的一些东西
02:10
to gain获得 strength强度 within yourself你自己.
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去获得自己内在的力量。
02:12
You have to conquer征服 the
desire欲望 to get what you want.
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你需要克服你想要的东西的欲望。
02:14
In order订购 to fulfill履行 yourself你自己,
you have to forget忘记 yourself你自己.
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为了使自己满足,你需要先忘记你自己。
02:17
In order订购 to find yourself你自己,
you have to lose失去 yourself你自己.
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为了去找到自我,你需要先失去自我。
02:21
We happen发生 to live生活 in a society社会
that favors好处 Adam亚当 I,
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我们碰巧生活在一个支持亚当一号的社会中,
02:24
and often经常 neglects忽视 Adam亚当 IIII.
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并且经常会忽视亚当二号。
02:27
And the problem问题 is, that turns
you into a shrewd精明 animal动物
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那么问题就是,这会使你成为一个精明的动物,
02:30
who treats对待 life as a game游戏,
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一个把生活当做游戏的人,
02:31
and you become成为 a cold,
calculating计算 creature生物
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并且你会成为一个无情的,爱计较的人,
02:34
who slips卡瓦 into a sort分类 of mediocrity庸人
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最后堕落为庸人这一类,
02:37
where you realize实现 there's a difference区别
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直到那个时候你才意识到欲望里的自己
02:38
between之间 your desired期望
self and your actual实际 self.
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和真实的自己是有区别的。
02:41
You're not earning盈利 the sort分类 of eulogy you want,
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你并没有得到你想要的悼词,
02:45
you hope希望 someone有人 will give to you.
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你希望别人可以给你。
02:46
You don't have the
depth深度 of conviction定罪.
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你没有坚定的信仰。
02:48
You don't have an emotional情绪化 sonorousnesssonorousness.
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你没有丰富的情绪。
02:51
You don't have
commitment承诺 to tasks任务
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你并没有一个要花费一生的
02:52
that would take more than a lifetime一生 to commit承诺.
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时间去实现的承诺。
02:56
I was reminded提醒 of a common共同
response响应 through通过 history历史
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纵观历史我得到了一个相同的回答,
02:59
of how you build建立 a solid固体 Adam亚当 IIII,
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是告诉你怎样去建立一个坚固的亚当二号,
03:02
how you build建立 a depth深度 of character字符.
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怎样去塑造一个有深度的性格。
03:04
Through通过 history历史, people
have gone走了 back
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回首过往,人们可以
03:07
into their own拥有 pasts的过去,
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看到自己的过去,
03:09
sometimes有时 to a precious珍贵
time in their life,
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有时候是生命中很珍贵的某个时刻,
03:11
to their childhood童年,
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有时候是童年,
03:12
and often经常, the mind心神
gravitates在重力作用下 in the past过去
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更多的,会吸引你的是
03:16
to a moment时刻 of shame耻辱,
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那些让你感到羞耻的瞬间,
03:18
some sin committed提交,
some act法案 of selfishness自私,
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一些犯错的时候,比如一些自私的举动,
03:21
an act法案 of omission省略, of shallowness浅薄,
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一些欠考虑或者肤浅的行为,
03:23
the sin of anger愤怒, the sin of self-pity自怜,
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一些愤怒时犯的过错,一些自怜自哀时的行为,
03:26
trying to be a people-pleaser讨好别人,
a lack缺乏 of courage勇气.
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总是去迎合别人或者缺乏勇气的时候。
03:29
Adam亚当 I is built内置 by
building建造 on your strengths优势.
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亚当一号是建立在堆砌你的优点上的。
03:34
Adam亚当 IIII is built内置 by fighting战斗
your weaknesses弱点.
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亚当二号是建立在打败你的缺点上的。
03:38
You go into yourself你自己,
you find the sin
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当你走入自己的内心,你会发现那些在你生命中
03:41
which哪一个 you've committed提交 over
and again through通过 your life,
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犯了一次又一次的错误,
03:42
your signature签名 sin
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你最不能忘记的那个过错
03:44
out of which哪一个 the others其他 emerge出现,
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会区别于其它的那些过错,
03:47
and you fight斗争 that sin and you wrestle搏斗 with that sin,
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你会和那个过错做斗争,去努力克服那个过错,
03:50
and out of that wrestling摔角,
that suffering痛苦,
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当你从那些斗争和苦难中重生的时候,
03:53
then a depth深度 of character字符 is constructed.
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也就是一个有深度的性格建立的时候。
03:57
And we're often经常 not
taught to recognize认识
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同时,我没并没有经常被教导
03:58
the sin in ourselves我们自己,
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怎么认识到自己的过错,
04:00
in that we're not taught in this culture文化
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在现在的文化中我们也没有
04:01
how to wrestle搏斗 with it,
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被教导怎么去和它们斗争,
04:03
how to confront面对 it,
and how to combat战斗 it.
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怎么去面对它们并,如何它们斗争。
04:06
We live生活 in a culture文化
with an Adam亚当 I mentality心理
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我们生活在一个有着亚当一号心理的社会中,
04:09
where we're inarticulate口齿不清
about Adam亚当 IIII.
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在这里我们很难表达亚当二号的思想。
04:13
Finally最后, Reinhold莱因霍尔德 Niebuhr尼布尔
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最后,莱因霍尔德·尼布尔
04:14
summed总结 up the confrontation对抗, the fully充分 lived生活
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用这种方式总结了生活中
04:16
Adam亚当 I and Adam亚当 IIII life, this way:
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亚当一号和亚当二号完全对立的这种存在:
04:20
"Nothing that is worth价值 doing
can be achieved实现 in our lifetime一生;
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“没有一件值得一做的事情,可以在你的一生中完成;
04:23
therefore因此 we must必须
be saved保存 by hope希望.
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因此我们必须用希望来拯救。
04:26
Nothing which哪一个 is true真正 or
beautiful美丽 or good makes品牌
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没有一样真实或者美丽的东西,
04:29
complete完成 sense in any immediate即时 context上下文 of history历史;
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可以在历史的一瞬展现它的华彩;
04:32
therefore因此 we must必须 be saved保存 by faith信仰.
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因此我们必须用信仰来救赎。
04:34
Nothing we do, however然而 virtuous,
can be accomplished完成 alone单独;
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没有一件事情,哪怕它是美好的,我们可以独自完成;
04:38
therefore因此 we must必须
be saved保存 by love.
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因此我们必须用爱来拯救。
04:41
No virtuous act法案 is quite相当 as virtuous
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没有什么善良的行为是完全的善,
04:44
from the standpoint立场 of our friend朋友
or foe敌人 as from our own拥有 standpoint立场.
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不论是从朋友,敌人,或者我们自身的角度都是这样。
04:48
Therefore因此 we must必须 be saved保存
by that final最后 form形成 of love,
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因此我们必须被完全的爱来拯救,
04:50
which哪一个 is forgiveness饶恕.”
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也就是用宽容。“
04:52
Thanks谢谢.
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谢谢大家。
04:54
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by YING WANG
Reviewed by Thunder Song

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Brooks - Op-ed columnist
Writer and thinker David Brooks has covered business, crime and politics over a long career in journalism.

Why you should listen

David Brooks became an Op-Ed columnist for The New York Times in September 2003. He is currently a commentator on "The PBS Newshour," NPR’s "All Things Considered" and NBC's "Meet the Press."

He is the author of Bobos in Paradise and The Social Animal. In April 2015, he released with his fourth book, The Road to Character, which was a #1 New York Times bestseller.

Brooks also teaches at Yale University, and is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.

Born on August 11, 1961 in Toronto, Canada, Brooks graduated a bachelor of history from the University of Chicago in 1983. He became a police reporter for the City News Bureau, a wire service owned jointly by the Chicago Tribune and Sun-Times.

He worked at The Washington Times and then The Wall Street Journal for nine years. His last post at the Journal was as Op-ed Editor. Prior to that, he was posted in Brussels, covering Russia, the Middle East, South Africa and European affairs. His first post at the Journal was as editor of the book review section, and he filled in as the Journal's movie critic.

He also served as a senior editor at The Weekly Standard for 9 years, as well as contributing editor for The Atlantic and Newsweek.

More profile about the speaker
David Brooks | Speaker | TED.com