ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dame Ellen MacArthur - Circular economy advocate
After setting a record for sailing around the world, Dame Ellen MacArthur has turned her attention toward creating a more "circular" economy -- where resources and power recirculate and regenerate.

Why you should listen

It's a tradition among British citizens: If you circumnavigate the globe by sail, you'll earn royal honors. Ellen MacArthur was made a dame in 2005 after the fastest solo sail around the world. But when you sail alone around the world, things come into focus. Dame Ellen, at the top of her sailing career, had become acutely aware of the finite nature of the resources our linear economy relies on.

In 2010, she launched the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, which works with education and business to accelerate the transition to a regenerative circular economy. She also runs the Ellen MacArthur Cancer Trust, using sailing to build confidence for kids following cancer treatment.

More profile about the speaker
Dame Ellen MacArthur | Speaker | TED.com
TED2015

Dame Ellen MacArthur: The surprising thing I learned sailing solo around the world

达姆·艾伦·麦克阿瑟: 从独自环球航行领悟到的惊人道理

Filmed:
2,007,003 views

你在独自环球航程中,能学到什么呢?单人海员达姆·艾伦·麦克阿瑟环绕了地球一周——带上了必需物品——归来时,领悟到了世界的运行规律,各种连锁循环和有限资源,而我们今天所做的决定将影响我们的未来。她提出了一个对世界经济系统大胆的想法:非线性,而是循环,是生生不息的。
- Circular economy advocate
After setting a record for sailing around the world, Dame Ellen MacArthur has turned her attention toward creating a more "circular" economy -- where resources and power recirculate and regenerate. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
When you're a child儿童,
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当你还是个孩子,
00:14
anything and everything is possible可能.
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凡事皆有可能。
00:18
The challenge挑战, so often经常,
is hanging on to that as we grow增长 up.
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挑战也总是伴随着我们成长。
00:22
And as a four-year-old四十岁,
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我四岁的时候,
00:24
I had the opportunity机会
to sail for the first time.
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有机会第一次出海航行。
00:27
I will never forget忘记
the excitement激动 as we closed关闭 the coast.
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我永远忘不了快接近海岸时的激动,
00:31
I will never forget忘记
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永远忘不了
00:33
the feeling感觉 of adventure冒险
as I climbed爬上 on board the boat
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第一次爬上船
00:36
and stared盯着 into her tiny cabin
for the first time.
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并凝视着船舱的感觉。
00:40
But the most amazing惊人 feeling感觉
was the feeling感觉 of freedom自由,
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但最奇妙的是那种自由的感觉,
00:43
the feeling感觉 that I felt
when we hoisted悬挂 her sails.
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那种挂帆起航的感觉。
00:47
As a four-year-old四十岁 child儿童,
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对于一个四岁的孩子,
那是我能想象到的最大的自由感。
00:49
it was the greatest最大 sense of freedom自由
that I could ever imagine想像.
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00:53
I made制作 my mind心神 up there and then
that one day, somehow不知何故,
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那天,不知何故,我下决心
00:56
I was going to sail around the world世界.
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要出海周游世界。
01:00
So I did what I could in my life
to get closer接近 to that dream梦想.
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所以我竭尽全力,
只为更接近那个梦想。
01:04
Age年龄 10, it was saving保存 my school学校
dinner晚餐 money change更改.
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10岁的时候,我开始把在
学校吃饭省下的零钱攒下来。
8年中,我每天只吃土豆泥和烤豆,
01:07
Every一切 single day for eight years年份,
I had mashed捣碎 potato土豆 and baked烘烤的 beans,
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01:11
which哪一个 cost成本 4p each, and gravy was free自由.
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每份只要4便士,而肉汁免费。
01:13
Every一切 day I would pile up the change更改
on the top最佳 of my money box,
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每天我都把零钱堆在存钱罐顶部,
01:17
and when that pile reached到达 a pound,
I would drop下降 it in
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而每攒够一英磅,
我就把钱放进存钱罐,
01:19
and cross交叉 off one of the 100 squares广场
I'd drawn on a piece of paper.
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并划掉在纸上预先画好的
100个空格中的一个。
01:24
Finally最后, I bought a tiny dinghy小艇.
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终于,我买到一个小艇。
01:27
I spent花费 hours小时 sitting坐在 on it in the garden花园
dreaming做梦 of my goal目标.
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我在花园中花了几个小时,
就这么坐在小艇上梦想着我的目标。
01:31
I read every一切 book I could on sailing帆船,
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我读了能找到的每一本
关于航行的书,
01:34
and then eventually终于,
having been told by my school学校
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然后学校终于通知我,
01:37
I wasn't clever聪明 enough足够 to be a vet兽医,
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我还不够资格做一名兽医,
因此17岁那年我离开了学校,
航海学徒的生涯开始了。
01:39
left school学校 age年龄 17 to begin开始
my apprenticeship学徒 in sailing帆船.
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想象一下这是什么感觉吧,
仅仅四年之后,
01:44
So imagine想像 how it felt
just four years年份 later后来
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01:48
to be sitting坐在 in a boardroom会议室
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坐在一间会议室,
01:50
in front面前 of someone有人 who I knew知道
could make that dream梦想 come true真正.
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面对着一个我知道
可以让我梦想成真的人。
01:54
I felt like my life
depended依赖 on that moment时刻,
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我觉得我一生都是由那一刻决定的,
01:58
and incredibly令人难以置信, he said yes.
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而且不可思议的是,他同意了。
02:00
And I could barely仅仅 contain包含 my excitement激动
as I satSAT in that first design设计 meeting会议
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当我第一次坐在会议室,
02:04
designing设计 a boat
on which哪一个 I was going to sail
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设计我将用于独自连续
环球航行的船时,
02:07
solo独奏 nonstop马不停蹄 around the world世界.
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我几乎无法抑制内心的兴奋。
02:10
From that first meeting会议
to the finish line线 of the race种族,
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从第一次会议到比赛的终点线,
02:13
it was everything I'd ever imagined想象.
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这一切我都曾经想象过。
02:15
Just like in my dreams, there were
amazing惊人 parts部分 and tough强硬 parts部分.
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正如我想象中的那样,
精彩与艰难并存。
02:19
We missed错过 an iceberg冰山 by 20 feet.
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我们曾经只差20英尺
就撞到了一个冰山。
02:21
Nine times, I climbed爬上 to the top最佳
of her 90-foot-脚丫子 mast桅杆.
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我爬到90英尺的桅杆顶端9次。
02:24
We were blown on our side
in the Southern南部的 Ocean海洋.
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我们在南大洋逆风行驶。
02:27
But the sunsets日落, the wildlife野生动物,
and the remoteness遥远
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但是落日,野生动物和
那种偏远之地的景象
02:30
were absolutely绝对 breathtaking惊险.
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真的美到让人窒息。
02:33
After three months个月 at sea, age年龄 just 24,
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在海上航行了三个月,我那时24岁,
02:36
I finished in second第二 position位置.
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以第二名的成绩完成了比赛。
02:39
I'd loved喜爱 it, so much so
that within six months个月
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我太喜欢航行了,
甚至在不到6个月后,
02:42
I decided决定 to go around the world世界 again,
but this time not in a race种族:
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我就决定再次环球航行,
但这次不是比赛:
02:47
to try to be the fastest最快的 person ever
to sail solo独奏 nonstop马不停蹄 around the world世界.
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是尽量以最快的速度
不停站地进行独自环球航行。
02:52
Now for this, I needed需要 a different不同 craft手艺:
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为了实现这个目标,
我需要换一艘船:
02:55
bigger, wider更宽的, faster更快, more powerful强大.
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它更大,更宽,更快,动力更足。
02:59
Just to give that boat some scale规模,
I could climb inside her mast桅杆
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只是把船做得更大一点,
这样我就可以爬进她的桅杆
03:02
all the way to the top最佳.
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一直到顶部。
03:04
Seventy-five七十五 foot脚丫子 long, 60 foot脚丫子 wide.
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75英尺长,60英尺宽。
03:08
I affectionately深情 called her Moby白鲸.
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我亲切地称它白鲸。
03:10
She was a multihull多体船.
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她是一个多体船。
03:12
When we built内置 her, no one had ever
made制作 it solo独奏 nonstop马不停蹄
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我们造她的时候,
还没人能够不停站地独自
03:15
around the world世界 in one,
though虽然 many许多 had tried试着,
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环球航行,
尽管很多人试过了,
03:18
but whilst同时 we built内置 her, a Frenchman法国人
took a boat 25 percent百分 bigger than her
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但我们造她的同时,一个法国人用了
一艘比它的体积大25%的船,
03:23
and not only did he make it,
but he took the record记录 from 93 days
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他不仅成功完成了航行,
而且把记录从93天
03:26
right down to 72.
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降到了72天。
03:29
The bar酒吧 was now much, much higher更高.
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现在,这个时间更是被大大缩短了。
03:32
And these boats were exciting扣人心弦 to sail.
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而且用这些船航行是非常棒的体验。
03:34
This was a training训练 sail
off the French法国 coast.
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这是一个法国海岸附近的训练船。
03:37
This I know well because I was one
of the five crew船员 members会员 on board.
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我很了解这艘船,
因为我曾是上面的5名船员之一。
03:41
Five seconds is all it took
from everything being存在 fine
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只需要5秒钟,
我们的世界就会从一切还好
03:45
to our world世界 going black黑色
as the windows视窗 were thrust推力 underwater水下,
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变成一片漆黑,
因为我们的窗户会进入水下,
03:48
and that five seconds goes quickly很快.
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而那五秒很快。
03:50
Just see how far below下面
those guys the sea is.
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只要看看这些家伙
比海面高多少就知道了。
03:53
Imagine想像 that alone单独
in the Southern南部的 Ocean海洋
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想象一下独自在南大洋,
03:57
plunged暴跌 into icy冷冰冰 water,
thousands数千 of miles英里 away from land土地.
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在与陆地相隔千里的地方
陷入冰冷的水中。
04:03
It was Christmas圣诞 Day.
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那是个圣诞节,
我在澳大利亚南面的南大洋航行。
04:05
I was forging锻造 into the Southern南部的 Ocean海洋
underneath Australia澳大利亚.
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04:08
The conditions条件 were horrendous可怕的.
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当时的条件很恶劣。
04:11
I was approaching接近 a part部分 in the ocean海洋
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我正在接近一块距离
04:13
which哪一个 was 2,000 miles英里 away
from the nearest最近的 town.
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最近的城镇也有2000英里的海域。
04:17
The nearest最近的 land土地 was Antarctica南极洲,
and the nearest最近的 people
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最近的陆地是南极洲,而最近的人
04:20
would be those manning曼宁
the European欧洲的 Space空间 Station above以上 me.
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应该是我上面的
那些欧洲空间站的宇航员。
04:23
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
04:24
You really are in the middle中间 of nowhere无处.
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这里真的是前不着村后不着店。
04:27
If you need help,
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如果你需要帮助,
04:29
and you're still alive,
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并且还能撑一段时间,
04:30
it takes four days
for a ship to get to you
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一艘船也需要花上四天才能
抵达你所在的地方,
04:33
and then four days for that ship
to get you back to port港口.
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然后再用四天把你带回去。
04:37
No helicopter直升机 can reach达到 you out there,
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没有直升机可以到那儿,
04:39
and no plane平面 can land土地.
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也没有飞机可以降落。
04:41
We are forging锻造 ahead of a huge巨大 storm风暴.
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我们在巨大的风暴中艰难前行。
04:44
Within it, there was 80 knots of wind,
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这里的风速达到80海里每小时,
04:47
which哪一个 was far too much wind
for the boat and I to cope应付 with.
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这远远超过了一艘船和
我个人可以控制的范围。
04:50
The waves波浪 were already已经 40 to 50 feet high,
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浪高达40至50英尺,
04:53
and the spray喷雾 from the breaking破坏 crests波峰
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破浪的时候产生的水雾
04:55
was blown horizontally水平
like snow in a blizzard暴风雪.
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像暴风雪一样横扫过来。
04:58
If we didn't sail fast快速 enough足够,
we'd星期三 be engulfed吞没 by that storm风暴,
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如果我们的航行速度不够快,
就会被那场风暴吞没,
05:02
and either capsized翻船 or smashed被砸 to pieces.
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要么翻船,要么粉身碎骨。
05:05
We were quite相当 literally按照字面
hanging on for our lives生活
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毫不夸张地说,我们是把命
05:08
and doing so on a knife edge边缘.
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悬在了刀锋上。
05:11
The speed速度 I so desperately拼命 needed需要
brought with it danger危险.
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我迫切需要的速度带来了危险。
05:15
We all know what it's like driving主动 a car汽车
20 miles英里 an hour小时, 30, 40.
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我们都知道每小时驾车20英里
是什么感觉,或者30,40英里,
05:19
It's not too stressful压力.
We can concentrate集中.
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这不会让人觉得太紧张,
集中注意力就好。
05:22
We can turn on the radio无线电.
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我们甚至还能听点广播节目。
05:24
Take that 50, 60, 70, accelerate加速 through通过
to 80, 90, 100 miles英里 an hour小时.
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但是当速度从50,60,70,
加速到80,90,100英里每小时,
05:28
Now you have white白色 knuckles关节
and you're gripping the steering操舵 wheel.
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现在你会感到极度紧张,
需要牢牢地抓住方向盘。
05:31
Now take that car汽车 off road at night
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现在假设你在晚上把车开离公路,
05:34
and remove去掉 the windscreen风档 wipers雨刷,
the windscreen风档,
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并且拆掉雨刷和挡风玻璃,
05:36
the headlights头灯 and the brakes刹车.
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还有头灯和刹车。
05:38
That's what it's like
in the Southern南部的 Ocean海洋.
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这就是在南大洋(航行)的感觉。
05:40
(Laughter笑声) (Applause掌声)
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(笑声)(掌声)
05:45
You could imagine想像
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你可以想象
在那种情况下很难睡着,
05:46
it would be quite相当 difficult
to sleep睡觉 in that situation情况,
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05:48
even as a passenger乘客.
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即便只是作为乘客。
05:50
But you're not a passenger乘客.
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但你不是个乘客。
你独自在船上,
连保持站立的姿势都很困难,
05:52
You're alone单独 on a boat
you can barely仅仅 stand up in,
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05:54
and you have to make
every一切 single decision决定 on board.
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还必须独自在船上做出每一个决定。
05:57
I was absolutely绝对 exhausted,
physically物理 and mentally精神上.
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我绝对已经精疲力竭了,
不管是身体上还是精神上。
06:00
Eight sail changes变化 in 12 hours小时.
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12个小时内八个航行变化。
06:02
The mainsail主帆 weighed称重
three times my body身体 weight重量,
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主帆的重量是我体重的三倍,
06:05
and after each change更改,
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每次改变航向后,
06:06
I would collapse坍方 on the floor地板
soaked浸泡 with sweat
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我都会大汗淋漓地瘫坐下来,
06:09
with this freezing冷冻 Southern南部的 Ocean海洋 air空气
burning燃烧 the back of my throat.
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冰冷的南大洋空气
不断侵蚀着我的喉咙。
06:13
But out there, those lowest最低 of the lows低点
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但在那种情况下,
绝境往往能够带来
06:16
are so often经常 contrasted对比
with the highest最高 of the highs高位.
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意想不到的惊喜和成功。
06:19
A few少数 days later后来, we came来了 out
of the back of the low.
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几天后,
我们总算度过了最艰难的时期。
06:23
Against反对 all odds可能性, we'd星期三 been able能够
to drive驾驶 ahead of the record记录
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排除万难后,我们在重压之下终于
06:27
within that depression萧条.
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打破了航行的记录。
06:29
The sky天空 cleared清除, the rain stopped停止,
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天空放晴,雨也停了,
06:32
and our heartbeat心跳, the monstrous滔天
seas海域 around us were transformed改造
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而我们的心跳和滔天巨浪,
06:36
into the most beautiful美丽 moonlit月光下的 mountains.
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也转化成了铺满月光的群山,
美不胜收。
06:40
It's hard to explain说明, but you enter输入
a different不同 mode模式 when you head out there.
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这很难解释,但你到达那里的时候,
你就进入了不同的模式。
06:44
Your boat is your entire整个 world世界,
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船就是你的整个世界,
06:46
and what you take with you
when you leave离开 is all you have.
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而你离开时携带的东西
也是你的全部家当。
06:49
If I said to you all now,
"Go off into Vancouver温哥华
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如果我现在对你们说:“去温哥华
06:52
and find everything you will need for
your survival生存 for the next下一个 three months个月,"
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找到你在接下来三个月
生存所需要的一切东西,”
06:56
that's quite相当 a task任务.
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这可是一项艰巨的任务。
06:58
That's food餐饮, fuel汽油, clothes衣服,
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那包括食物,燃料,衣服,
07:00
even toilet厕所 roll and toothpaste牙膏.
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甚至卫生纸和牙膏。
07:02
That's what we do,
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这就是我们做的,
07:04
and when we leave离开 we manage管理 it
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当我们离开时,
准备计划需要精细到
07:06
down to the last drop下降 of diesel柴油机
and the last packet of food餐饮.
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最后一滴油和最后一包食物。
07:10
No experience经验 in my life
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在我的生命中,
07:11
could have given特定 me a better understanding理解
of the definition定义 of the word "finite有限."
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没有任何经历可以像这样
让我理解到“有限”这个词的意义。
07:15
What we have out there is all we have.
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我们带到那儿的就是全部家当。
07:17
There is no more.
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不可能有任何补给。
07:19
And never in my life had I ever
translated翻译 that definition定义 of finite有限
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而我从没在生命中经历过
07:22
that I'd felt on board
to anything outside of sailing帆船
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航行时在船上感受到的
这种“有限”的概念,
07:26
until直到 I stepped加强 off the boat at
the finish line线 having broken破碎 that record记录.
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直到我在终点线下船的时候
打破了那个记录。
07:30
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
07:36
Suddenly突然 I connected连接的 the dots.
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突然我找到了一些关联性。
07:38
Our global全球 economy经济 is no different不同.
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我们的全球经济其实没有什么不同。
07:41
It's entirely完全 dependent依赖的
on finite有限 materials物料
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它完全依赖于那些
07:44
we only have once一旦
in the history历史 of humanity人性.
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我们在人类历史上
只会拥有一次的资源。
07:46
And it was a bit like seeing眼看 something
you weren't expecting期待 under a stone
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有点像在一块石头下面看到了
意想不到的东西,
07:50
and having two choices选择:
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你有两种选择:
07:52
I either put that stone to one side
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要么我把那块石头放一边,
07:54
and learn学习 more about it,
or I put that stone back
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并仔细研究它,
或者我把它放回去,
07:58
and I carry携带 on with my dream梦想 job工作
of sailing帆船 around the world世界.
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然后继续我的环球航行梦。
08:02
I chose选择 the first.
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我选择了第一种。
08:04
I put it to one side and I began开始
a new journey旅程 of learning学习,
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我把它放在一边,
并开始了新的学习旅程。
08:07
speaking请讲 to chief首席 executives高管,
experts专家, scientists科学家们, economists经济学家
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跟首席执行官,专家,
科学家,经济学家探讨,
08:11
to try to understand理解 just how
our global全球 economy经济 works作品.
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试图了解我们的
全球经济是怎么运行的。
08:14
And my curiosity好奇心 took me
to some extraordinary非凡 places地方.
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而好奇心把我带到了
一些很棒的地方。
08:18
This photo照片 was taken采取 in the burner刻录机
of a coal-fired燃煤 power功率 station.
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这张照片拍摄于
一个火力发电站的燃烧炉。
我对煤很着迷,
它是全球能源需求的最基本来源,
08:23
I was fascinated入迷 by coal煤炭,
fundamental基本的 to our global全球 energy能源 needs需求,
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但它也跟我的家庭很有缘。
08:26
but also very close to my family家庭.
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我的曾祖父是一名煤矿工人,
08:29
My great-grandfather曾祖父 was a coal煤炭 miner矿工,
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他在地下矿井工作了50年。
08:31
and he spent花费 50 years年份
of his life underground地下.
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这是他的照片
当你看到这张照片,
08:35
This is a photo照片 of him,
and when you see that photo照片,
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你看到的是另一个时代的人。
08:38
you see someone有人 from another另一个 era时代.
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现在这个年代已经没人穿
08:40
No one wears穿 trousers长裤
with a waistband腰带 quite相当 that high
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那么高腰的裤子了。(笑声)
08:43
in this day and age年龄. (Laughter笑声)
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不过这就是我和我的曾祖父。
08:46
But yet然而, that's me
with my great-grandfather曾祖父,
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08:48
and by the way, they are not
his real真实 ears耳朵. (Laughter笑声)
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顺便说一句,
他照片里的耳朵是假的。(笑声)
08:53
We were close. I remember记得 sitting坐在 on
his knee膝盖 listening to his mining矿业 stories故事.
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我们很亲近。我还记得坐在他的膝上
听他讲挖煤的故事。
08:57
He talked of the camaraderie友情 underground地下,
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他讲过矿井下的友情,
还有矿工们曾经省下三明治的外皮,
08:59
and the fact事实 that the miners矿工 used to save保存
the crusts结壳 of their sandwiches三明治
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喂给跟他们一起工作的小马驹吃。
09:03
to give to the ponies小马
they worked工作 with underground地下.
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09:06
It was like it was yesterday昨天.
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感觉就像昨天的事。
在我学习的旅程中,
09:08
And on my journey旅程 of learning学习,
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1788
09:10
I went to the World世界
Coal煤炭 Association协会 website网站,
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我访问了世界煤炭工业协会的网站,
在主页的中间位置,有这样一句话:
09:12
and there in the middle中间
of the homepage主页, it said,
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“我们大约还剩118年的煤炭储量。”
09:15
"We have about 118 years年份 of coal煤炭 left."
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我想,还好,
那是我死了很久之后的事儿了,
09:18
And I thought to myself, well,
that's well outside my lifetime一生,
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3134
09:21
and a much greater更大 figure数字
than the predictions预测 for oil.
181
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2879
而且比预测的石油储量大多了。
但我算了下,意识到
(搜索的)那一年之前
09:24
But I did the math数学, and I realized实现
that my great-grandfather曾祖父
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刚好是我曾祖父118岁诞辰,
09:27
had been born天生 exactly究竟 118 years年份
before that year,
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而我坐在他的膝上直到11岁,
09:31
and I satSAT on his knee膝盖
until直到 I was 11 years年份 old,
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2763
我意识到这点时间
09:34
and I realized实现 it's nothing
185
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1904
在历史的长河中不算什么,
09:36
in time, nor也不 in history历史.
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这促使我做出了
我从没想过的一个决定:
09:38
And it made制作 me make a decision决定
I never thought I would make:
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不再独自航行,
09:42
to leave离开 the sport运动
of solo独奏 sailing帆船 behind背后 me
188
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2345
09:44
and focus焦点 on the greatest最大 challenge挑战
I'd ever come across横过:
189
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而专注于我遇到的最大的挑战上:
09:47
the future未来 of our global全球 economy经济.
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全球经济的未来。
09:49
And I quickly很快 realized实现 it wasn't
just about energy能源.
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很快我就意识到不仅仅能源是有限的。
09:52
It was also materials物料.
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各种材料也是。
2008年,我做了一个科学研究,
09:54
In 2008, I picked采摘的 up a scientific科学 study研究
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看看那些需要通过地下开采获得的
09:56
looking at how many许多 years年份 we have
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有价值的原料还有多少年的储量。
09:58
of valuable有价值 materials物料
to extract提取 from the ground地面:
195
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2716
铜,61年;锡,锌,40年;
银,29年。
10:01
copper, 61; tin, zinc, 40; silver, 29.
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这些数字可能并不准确,
但我们知道这些资源都是有限的,
10:05
These figures人物 couldn't不能 be exact精确,
but we knew知道 those materials物料 were finite有限.
197
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用完即枯竭,不可再生。
10:09
We only have them once一旦.
198
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1737
然而,我们使用这些材料的
速度一直在迅速增长,
10:11
And yet然而, our speed速度 that we've我们已经 used
these materials物料 has increased增加 rapidly急速,
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甚至是指数增长。
10:15
exponentially成倍.
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随着世界人口越来越多,
产品也更多,
10:16
With more people in the world世界
with more stuff东东,
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我们已经看到100年来
基本商品价格的
10:19
we've我们已经 effectively有效 seen看到
100 years年份 of price价钱 declines下降
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2774
下降趋势在短短10年内就被打破了。
10:22
in those basic基本 commodities商品
erased擦除 in just 10 years年份.
203
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2845
这会影响我们所有的人。
10:25
And this affects影响 all of us.
204
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1787
它带来了价格的巨大波动,
10:27
It's brought huge巨大 volatility挥发性 in prices价格,
205
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2020
10:29
so much so that in 2011,
206
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2849
以至于在2011年,
普通的欧洲汽车制造商都看到
10:32
your average平均 European欧洲的 car汽车 manufacturer生产厂家
207
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2538
10:34
saw a raw生的 material材料 price价钱 increase增加
208
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2554
原材料价格上涨了
5亿欧元,
10:37
of 500 million百万 Euros欧元,
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2206
吞噬了他们一半的营业利润,
10:39
wiping away half their operating操作 profits利润
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2322
而面对这一切他们却束手无策。
10:41
through通过 something they have
absolutely绝对 no control控制 over.
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随着我的了解逐渐深入,
我的生活也开始发生了改变。
10:45
And the more I learned学到了, the more
I started开始 to change更改 my own拥有 life.
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我开始减少旅行的次数,
过更平淡的生活,避免浪费。
10:48
I started开始 traveling旅行 less,
doing less, using运用 less.
213
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2289
10:50
It felt like actually其实 doing less
was what we had to do.
214
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3541
好像减少浪费是我们不得不做的。
但是这很难做到。
10:54
But it satSAT uneasy不安 with me.
215
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2350
也许并不是个好方法。
10:56
It didn't feel right.
216
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1122
好像我们在给自己买时间。
10:57
It felt like we were
buying购买 ourselves我们自己 time.
217
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2496
11:00
We were eking芯吸 things out a bit longer.
218
648358
1892
我们只是勉强把
使用时间延长了一点点。
11:02
Even if everybody每个人 changed,
it wouldn't不会 solve解决 the problem问题.
219
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即使每个人都开始节约,
也无法解决根本的问题。
11:05
It wouldn't不会 fix固定 the system系统.
220
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2044
无法修复整个系统。
过渡的过程至关重要,
但是使我着迷的是
11:07
It was vital重要 in the transition过渡,
but what fascinated入迷 me was,
221
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3041
11:10
in the transition过渡 to what?
What could actually其实 work?
222
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4389
要过渡到什么样的状态?
到底什么才是行之有效的方法?
11:14
It struck来袭 me that the system系统 itself本身,
the framework骨架 within which哪一个 we live生活,
223
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4295
我突然意识到系统本身,
我们生活的框架
11:19
is fundamentally从根本上 flawed有缺陷,
224
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2299
是有根本缺陷的,
11:21
and I realized实现 ultimately最终
225
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3259
最终我意识到,
我们的操作系统,
经济运作方式,
11:24
that our operating操作 system系统,
the way our economy经济 functions功能,
226
672804
3033
11:27
the way our economy's经济的 been built内置,
is a system系统 in itself本身.
227
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3483
经济的建设方式,
这一切本身就自成系统。
11:31
At sea, I had to understand理解
complex复杂 systems系统.
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2902
在海上,我必须了解复杂的系统。
11:34
I had to take multiple inputs输入,
229
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1878
我不得不提出多种指令,
不得不处理它们,
11:36
I had to process处理 them,
230
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1512
要想赢,我就得去了解这个系统。
11:37
and I had to understand理解 the system系统 to win赢得.
231
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2888
我得搞懂这一切。
11:40
I had to make sense of it.
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当我看着全球经济的时候,
我意识到它也是这样的系统,
11:42
And as I looked看着 at our global全球 economy经济,
I realized实现 it too is that system系统,
233
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11:46
but it's a system系统 that effectively有效
can't run in the long term术语.
234
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4412
但这个系统不能有效地长期运行。
11:50
And I realized实现 we've我们已经 been perfecting完善
what's effectively有效 a linear线性 economy经济
235
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3761
我还意识到我们已经在过去的
150年中完善了有效的
11:54
for 150 years年份,
236
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1870
线性经济,
我们从地下开采原料,
11:56
where we take a material材料
out of the ground地面,
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2031
做成产品,最后
11:58
we make something out of it,
and then ultimately最终
238
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2508
扔掉那个产品,
当然,我们也回收一些东西,
12:00
that product产品 gets得到 thrown抛出 away,
and yes, we do recycle回收 some of it,
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3274
12:04
but more an attempt尝试 to get out
what we can at the end结束,
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2995
但更多的是尝试在最后尽点力回收,
12:07
not by design设计.
241
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2206
而不是事先设计好的。
12:09
It's an economy经济 that fundamentally从根本上
can't run in the long term术语,
242
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这是一个从根本上就
不可能长期运行的经济,
如果我们知道我们只有有限的原料,
12:12
and if we know that we
have finite有限 materials物料,
243
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12:15
why would we build建立 an economy经济
that would effectively有效 use things up,
244
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为什么还要建立一个快速消耗,
并会造成浪费的
经济系统呢?
12:18
that would create创建 waste浪费?
245
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1858
生命本身已经存在了数十亿年,
12:20
Life itself本身 has existed存在
for billions数十亿 of years年份
246
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2925
并不断适应有效地使用原料。
12:23
and has continually不断 adapted适应
to use materials物料 effectively有效.
247
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3622
12:27
It's a complex复杂 system系统,
but within it, there is no waste浪费.
248
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3321
这是一个复杂的系统,
但在这个系统内没有浪费。
12:30
Everything is metabolized代谢.
249
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2229
一切都被代谢掉了。
12:33
It's not a linear线性 economy经济
at all, but circular.
250
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3539
这完全不是线性经济,它是循环的,
12:37
And I felt like the child儿童 in the garden花园.
251
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2997
我就像个孩子在花园中。
12:40
For the first time on this new journey旅程,
I could see exactly究竟 where we were headed当家.
252
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4667
在这个学习的旅程中,
我第一次看清了前进的方向。
如果我们可以建立一种使用原料
而不是耗尽原料的经济,
12:45
If we could build建立 an economy经济 that would
use things rather than use them up,
253
753598
3784
我们就可以建立一个
让一切长期运转的未来。
12:49
we could build建立 a future未来 that really
could work in the long term术语.
254
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我很激动。
12:52
I was excited兴奋.
255
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1904
这是可以努力的方向。
12:54
This was something to work towards.
256
762514
2159
一旦知道要做什么,
只需要找出实现目标的途径就行了,
12:56
We knew知道 exactly究竟 where we were headed当家.
We just had to work out how to get there,
257
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3777
于是有了这个想法之后,
13:00
and it was exactly究竟 with this in mind心神
258
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1930
我们于2010年9月
创建了Ellen MacArthur基金。
13:02
that we created创建 the Ellen艾伦 MacArthur麦克阿瑟
Foundation基础 in September九月 2010.
259
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3715
学校的教育塑造了我们的思维
并指向了这种模式:
13:07
Many许多 schools学校 of thought fed美联储 our thinking思维
and pointed to this model模型:
260
775485
3863
产业共生,性能经济,
共享经济,仿生学,
13:11
industrial产业 symbiosis合作关系, performance性能 economy经济,
sharing分享 economy经济, biomimicry仿生学,
261
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4620
13:15
and of course课程, cradle-to-cradle摇篮到摇篮 design设计.
262
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2756
当然,还有初始到初始的
循环设计。
原料可以是技术性的或生物类的,
13:18
Materials物料 would be defined定义
as either technical技术 or biological生物,
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13:22
waste浪费 would be designed设计 out entirely完全,
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垃圾会被完全设计出来。
13:25
and we would have a system系统
that could function功能
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我们将会有一个绝对
13:28
absolutely绝对 in the long term术语.
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长期有效的系统。
13:30
So what could this economy经济 look like?
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那么,这个经济会是什么样子?
也许我们不会买灯具
但是我们可以付照明费,
13:33
Maybe we wouldn't不会 buy购买 light fittings配件,
but we'd星期三 pay工资 for the service服务 of light,
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而厂家将回收这些材料
13:37
and the manufacturers制造商
would recover恢复 the materials物料
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并用更高效的产品改变灯具的性能。
13:39
and change更改 the light fittings配件
when we had more efficient高效 products制品.
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如果包装可溶于水并无毒,
13:42
What if packaging打包 was so nontoxic无毒
it could dissolve溶解 in water
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最后还能被喝掉呢?
它就永远不会变成废品。
13:45
and we could ultimately最终 drink it?
It would never become成为 waste浪费.
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13:49
What if engines引擎 were re-manufacturable再制造的,
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如果引擎可以重新制造呢?
我们就可以回收组件材料,
13:51
and we could recover恢复
the component零件 materials物料
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13:53
and significantly显著 reduce减少 energy能源 demand需求.
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从而显著降低能源需求。
13:55
What if we could recover恢复 components组件
from circuit电路 boards, reutilize再利用 them,
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如果我们可以从电路板回收部件,
并重新利用,
然后经过第二阶段
13:59
and then fundamentally从根本上 recover恢复
the materials物料 within them
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从根本上回收其中的材料呢?
14:01
through通过 a second第二 stage阶段?
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如果我们可以收集食品垃圾,
人类排泄物呢?
14:03
What if we could collect搜集
food餐饮 waste浪费, human人的 waste浪费?
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如果我们可以把他们转化成肥料,
热和其他能源,
14:05
What if we could turn that
into fertilizer肥料, heat, energy能源,
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3181
14:08
ultimately最终 reconnecting重新连接 nutrients营养成分 systems系统
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并最终把整个营养系统联系起来
重建自然资本呢?
14:11
and rebuilding重建 natural自然 capital首都?
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还有汽车——
我们需要的只是变换地点。
14:14
And cars汽车 -- what we want
is to move移动 around.
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我们并不需要去拥有这些材料。
14:17
We don't need to own拥有
the materials物料 within them.
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汽车可以成为一种服务,
14:20
Could cars汽车 become成为 a service服务
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并在未来为我们提供移动性吗?
14:21
and provide提供 us with
mobility流动性 in the future未来?
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2554
14:25
All of this sounds声音 amazing惊人, but these
aren't just ideas思路, they're real真实 today今天,
287
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这些听起来很神奇,
但它们不再只是想法,如今已经实现了,
14:29
and these lie谎言 at the forefront第一线
of the circular economy经济.
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2720
而且位于循环经济的最前沿。
我们面临是要如何扩展他们并规模化。
14:31
What lies before us is to expand扩大 them
and scale规模 them up.
289
859950
4504
14:36
So how would you shift转移
from linear线性 to circular?
290
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2975
所以,要如何将线性经济
转向循环经济?
14:39
Well, the team球队 and I at the foundation基础
thought you might威力 want to work
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867899
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我和我的团队基本的想法是
也许可以跟世界的顶尖大学合作,
14:43
with the top最佳 universities高校 in the world世界,
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与全球的尖端企业合作,
14:45
with leading领导 businesses企业 within the world世界,
293
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2020
跟世界上最大的集合平台合作,
14:47
with the biggest最大 convening召开
platforms平台 in the world世界,
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2348
还有政府。
14:49
and with governments政府.
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1002
我们认为你也许想和
世界上最好的分析师工作,
14:50
We thought you might威力 want
to work with the best最好 analysts分析师
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878439
2620
并问他们一些问题,
14:53
and ask them the question,
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1254
“可循环经济能够挣脱资源约束吗?
14:54
"Can the circular economy经济 decouple脱钩
growth发展 from resource资源 constraints限制?
298
882313
3201
14:57
Is the circular economy经济 able能够
to rebuild重建 natural自然 capital首都?
299
885514
3622
可循环经济能重建自然资本吗?
可循环经济能取代现在的化肥吗?”
15:01
Could the circular economy经济
replace更换 current当前 chemical化学 fertilizer肥料 use?"
300
889136
3645
答案是,是的,
15:04
Yes was the answer回答 to the decoupling去耦,
301
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2346
而且是的,我们还可以取代现代化肥,
15:07
but also yes, we could replace更换
current当前 fertilizer肥料 use
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3018
并实现惊人的2.7倍的效果。
15:10
by a staggering踉跄 2.7 times.
303
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3785
但是循环经济激发我最多的是,
15:14
But what inspired启发 me most
about the circular economy经济
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它能给年轻人带来启发。
15:17
was its ability能力 to inspire启发 young年轻 people.
305
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2989
当年轻人通过循环透镜
看经济的时候,
15:20
When young年轻 people see the economy经济
through通过 a circular lens镜片,
306
908779
3135
他们以同样的眼界看到了全新的机会。
15:23
they see brand new opportunities机会
on exactly究竟 the same相同 horizon地平线.
307
911914
4536
他们可以用自己的创造力和知识
15:28
They can use their creativity创造力
and knowledge知识
308
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2605
来重建整个系统,
15:31
to rebuild重建 the entire整个 system系统,
309
919093
2387
而且现在就可以采取行动,
15:33
and it's there for the taking服用 right now,
310
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2113
越早越好。
15:35
and the faster更快 we do this, the better.
311
923593
2456
15:38
So could we achieve实现 this
in their lifetimes寿命?
312
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3070
那么我们可以在有生之年实现这些吗?
这真的可能吗?
15:41
Is it actually其实 possible可能?
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2136
我相信这是可能的。
15:43
I believe yes.
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931255
1510
看看我曾祖父的一生,
什么都有可能发生。
15:45
When you look at the lifetime一生 of
my great-grandfather曾祖父, anything's什么的 possible可能.
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933105
3839
他出生时,世界上只有25辆汽车;
15:49
When he was born天生, there were only
25 cars汽车 in the world世界;
316
937574
3736
这些汽车也才刚被发明。
15:53
they had only just been invented发明.
317
941310
2430
他14岁时,
我们实现了历史上第一次飞行。
15:55
When he was 14, we flew
for the first time in history历史.
318
943740
3931
15:59
Now there are 100,000 charter宪章 flights航班
319
947671
2489
而现在每一天就有10万正常的航班
16:02
every一切 single day.
320
950160
1946
飞来飞去。
他45岁的时候,
我们建造了第一台计算机,
16:04
When he was 45, we built内置
the first computer电脑.
321
952106
3994
许多人说计算机不会流行起来,
但他们错了,而且仅仅20年后,
16:08
Many许多 said it wouldn't不会 catch抓住 on,
but it did, and just 20 years年份 later后来
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956100
3157
我们就把它变成了一个微芯片,
16:11
we turned转身 it into a microchip微芯片
323
959257
2021
今天仅在这个房间里
就有成千上万个。
16:13
of which哪一个 there will be thousands数千
in this room房间 here today今天.
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961278
4202
16:17
Ten years年份 before he died死亡,
we built内置 the first mobile移动 phone电话.
325
965480
2879
他去世的10年前,
我们有了第一个移动电话。
16:20
It wasn't that mobile移动, to be fair公平,
326
968359
1974
老实说,
那时候其实不怎么移动,
但现在真的是移动的了,
16:22
but now it really is,
327
970333
1974
在我曾祖父去世的时候,
互联网出现了。
16:24
and as my great-grandfather曾祖父
left this Earth地球, the Internet互联网 arrived到达.
328
972307
3970
现在,我们可以做任何事情,
16:28
Now we can do anything,
329
976277
2113
16:30
but more importantly重要的,
330
978390
1280
但更重要是,
16:31
now we have a plan计划.
331
979670
2315
现在我们有了个计划。
谢谢。
16:33
Thank you.
332
981985
2005
(掌声)
16:36
(Applause掌声)
333
984640
8641
Reviewed by Lee Li

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dame Ellen MacArthur - Circular economy advocate
After setting a record for sailing around the world, Dame Ellen MacArthur has turned her attention toward creating a more "circular" economy -- where resources and power recirculate and regenerate.

Why you should listen

It's a tradition among British citizens: If you circumnavigate the globe by sail, you'll earn royal honors. Ellen MacArthur was made a dame in 2005 after the fastest solo sail around the world. But when you sail alone around the world, things come into focus. Dame Ellen, at the top of her sailing career, had become acutely aware of the finite nature of the resources our linear economy relies on.

In 2010, she launched the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, which works with education and business to accelerate the transition to a regenerative circular economy. She also runs the Ellen MacArthur Cancer Trust, using sailing to build confidence for kids following cancer treatment.

More profile about the speaker
Dame Ellen MacArthur | Speaker | TED.com