ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessica Shortall - Strategy consultant, social entrepreneur and author
Jessica Shortall is a working mom of two and author of Work. Pump. Repeat: The New Mom's Survival Guide to Breastfeeding and Going Back to Work.

Why you should listen

What do breastfeeding and paid leave for working mothers, sustainable eye care, hunger, green investing, giving shoes and the business case for LGBT equality have in common? 

For Jessica Shortall, they have all been opportunities to change the world: challenges that need sustainable solutions and require a deep understanding of market forces, audiences, and cultures. They all require an intense dive into data, and they all benefit from powerful storytelling.

Shortall has provided strategy consulting to dozens of businesses, social enterprises, non-profit organizations and campaigns in the US, UK and beyond. Her first book, Work. Pump. Repeat: The New Mom's Guide to Surviving Breastfeeding and Going Back to Work, was inspired by her own experiences of circumnavigating the globe with a breast pump. She interviewed hundreds of working mothers and dozens of HR professionals to create a practical, relatable, judgment-free guide for women who want to try to continue breastfeeding after they've returned to work.

Shortall started her adult life as a Peace Corps Volunteer in Uzbekistan, and she haven't stopped searching for ways to change the world since, across non-profit and for-profit worlds. In the early 2000s, she co-founded and franchised a non-profit organization that is now active in more than 40 communities. In 2006, she received an MBA with honors from the University of Oxford, as a Skoll Scholar in Social Entrepreneurship. She went on to spend three years providing consulting services to social entrepreneurs. From 2009 to 2014, she was the first Director of Giving at TOMS Shoes, hired to build out the now-iconic One for One giving mission and strategy. 

She currently lives in Dallas, TX with her husband Clay and her two children.

More profile about the speaker
Jessica Shortall | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxSMU

Jessica Shortall: The US needs paid family leave -- for the sake of its future

杰西卡•肖托尔: 美国是如何辜负新晋父母和他们的宝宝的

Filmed:
1,521,725 views

我们要求女性去工作,我们还要求工作的女性生孩子。那为什么美国不给工作的妈妈提供带薪产假呢?这样的国家可是少之又少了。在这次发人深省的演讲中,杰西卡•肖托尔揭露了美国职场新晋妈妈们面临的现实,这种现实不为人知而且非常可怕:每年有数百万女性,在刚生完孩子短短几周后,就被迫重返工作岗位。她认为,我们应该意识到,照顾工作的妈妈和她们的宝宝,需要付出经济、生理和心理代价,要保护我们未来的经济安全,就必须为工作的父母提供带薪产假。
- Strategy consultant, social entrepreneur and author
Jessica Shortall is a working mom of two and author of Work. Pump. Repeat: The New Mom's Survival Guide to Breastfeeding and Going Back to Work. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
What does a working加工 mother母亲 look like?
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职场妈妈是什么样的?
00:15
If you ask the Internet互联网,
this is what you'll你会 be told.
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如果你在网上搜索,
得到的图片可能是这样的。
00:18
Never mind心神 that this is
what you'll你会 actually其实 produce生产
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尽管你在屏幕上
敲出来的是这些东西,
00:22
if you attempt尝试 to work at a computer电脑
with a baby宝宝 on your lap膝部.
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这就是当你抱着孩子
在电脑前工作的结果。
00:25
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
00:27
But no, this isn't a working加工 mother母亲.
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但是,这并不是一个
职场妈妈真正的样子。
00:30
You'll你会 notice注意 a theme主题 in these photos相片.
We'll look at a lot of them.
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一会儿我们还会展示一些照片,
你会发现一个共同点。
那就是绝美的自然光线,
00:33
That theme主题 is amazing惊人 natural自然 lighting灯光,
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00:36
which哪一个, as we all know,
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这一点,众所周知,
00:39
is the hallmark特点
of every一切 American美国 workplace职场.
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是美国办公场所的标志。
00:43
There are thousands数千 of images图片 like these.
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这样的照片有数千张之多。
00:46
Just put the term术语 "working加工 mother母亲"
into any Google谷歌 image图片 search搜索 engine发动机,
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只要将“职场妈妈”,
输入谷歌图片搜索引擎,
00:50
stock股票 photo照片 site现场.
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或者图片素材网站,就能找到。
00:51
They're all over the Internet互联网,
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网上到处都是这样的照片,
无论是在知名博客中,
还是在新闻报道里,
00:53
they're topping配料
blog博客 posts帖子 and news新闻 pieces,
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00:55
and I've become成为 kind of obsessed痴迷 with them
and the lie谎言 that they tell us
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这些照片让我感到不安,
因为它们在说谎,
00:59
and the comfort安慰 that they give us,
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它们在安慰我们,
01:01
that when it comes
to new working加工 motherhood母亲 in America美国,
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说美国那些返回工作岗位的妈妈们,
01:05
everything's一切的 fine.
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一切都很顺利。
01:07
But it's not fine.
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但事实并非如此。
01:08
As a country国家, we are sending发出
millions百万 of women妇女 back to work
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美国每年让数百万
刚刚生完小孩的女性
01:12
every一切 year, incredibly令人难以置信
and kind of horrifically速度惊人 soon不久
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立刻开始上班,
速度之快,令人震惊,
01:16
after they give birth分娩.
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甚至有点可怕。
01:17
That's a moral道德 problem问题
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这是一个道德问题,
01:19
but today今天 I'm also going to tell you
why it's an economic经济 problem问题.
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但今天我想讲讲
为什么这还是个经济问题。
01:23
I got so annoyed懊恼 and obsessed痴迷
with the unreality不现实 of these images图片,
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这些虚假的照片让我感觉很难受,
01:27
which哪一个 look nothing like my life,
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因为它跟我的生活一点都不像,
01:29
that I recently最近 decided决定 to shoot射击 and star
in a parody滑稽模仿 series系列 of stock股票 photos相片
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于是我最近决定
自己来拍一组素材照片,
01:34
that I hoped希望 the world世界 would start开始 to use
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希望大家能开始使用,
01:36
just showing展示 the really awkward尴尬 reality现实
of going back to work
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我展示的都是新妈妈们
确实会遇到的尴尬情况,
01:40
when your baby's宝宝 food餐饮 source资源
is attached to your body身体.
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因为婴儿的食物来源
是固定在妈妈身上的。
01:45
I'm just going to show显示 you two of them.
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下面我放其中的两张给大家看。
01:47
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:49
Nothing says "Give that girl女孩 a promotion提升"
like leaking泄漏 breast乳房 milk牛奶
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这个姑娘在做产品说明,
奶水透过裙子渗出来了,
01:52
through通过 your dress连衣裙 during a presentation介绍.
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不会有人说,“让她升职吧”。
01:55
You'll你会 notice注意 that there's
no baby宝宝 in this photo照片,
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这张照片里并没有婴儿,
01:57
because that's not how this works作品,
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因为这才是现实,
02:00
not for most working加工 mothers母亲.
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大多数妈妈都不会带孩子去上班。
02:02
Did you know, and this will ruin废墟 your day,
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还有一件事,你们听了也许会疯掉,
02:04
that every一切 time a toilet厕所 is flushed,
its contents内容 are aerosolized雾化
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每冲一次厕所,
脏东西会呈气雾化散开,
02:07
and they'll他们会 stay airborne空降 for hours小时?
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并在空气中悬浮几个小时。
02:10
And yet然而, for many许多 new working加工 mothers母亲,
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而对于许多开始上班的新妈妈们而言,
02:13
this is the only place地点 during the day
that they can find to make food餐饮
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厕所是她们白天唯一能找到的地方,
02:16
for their newborn新生 babies婴儿.
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来为自己的宝宝准备食物。
02:18
I put these things,
a whole整个 dozen of them, into the world世界.
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我拍了很多这样的照片,
好几十张,发到网上。
02:22
I wanted to make a point.
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我原本只想表明一种态度。
02:24
I didn't know what I was also doing
was opening开盘 a door,
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但没想到这件事引起了很大的反响,
02:27
because now, total strangers陌生人
from all walks散步 of life
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现在,来自各行各业的陌生人,
02:31
write to me all the time
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会不停地给我发邮件,
02:32
just to tell me what it's like
for them to go back to work
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与我分享自己
生完孩子数天或者数周后,
02:36
within days or weeks of having a baby宝宝.
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重返工作岗位的感受。
02:39
I'm going to share分享
10 of their stories故事 with you today今天.
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今天我想与大家分享其中的10个故事。
02:42
They are totally完全 real真实,
some of them are very raw生的,
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这些故事都是真实的,
有些还很残酷,
02:45
and not one of them
looks容貌 anything like this.
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完全不像这张照片这么美好。
02:50
Here's这里的 the first.
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这是第一个。
02:52
"I was an active活性 duty义务
service服务 member会员 at a federal联邦 prison监狱.
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“我是联邦监狱一名现役狱警。
02:55
I returned to work after the maximum最大值
allowed允许 eight weeks for my C-section剖腹产.
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我在剖腹产后八周开始上班,
这是我能拿到的最长假期。
03:00
A male coworker同事 was annoyed懊恼
that I had been out on 'vacation'假期,'
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一名男同事对于我
“休了个长假”很不满意,
03:04
so he intentionally故意地 opened打开 the door on me
while I was pumping breast乳房 milk牛奶
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于是他故意在我挤奶的时候打开门,
03:07
and stood站在 in the doorway门口
with inmates囚犯 in the hallway门厅."
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站在门口,身后还站着犯人。”
而大部分给我发邮件的女性,
完全陌生的女性,
03:11
Most of the stories故事 that these women妇女,
total strangers陌生人, send发送 to me now,
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甚至都没提到母乳喂养的事。
03:15
are not actually其实 even about breastfeeding哺乳.
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03:17
A woman女人 wrote to me to say,
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其中一个写到,
03:19
"I gave birth分娩 to twins双胞胎 and went back
to work after seven unpaid未付 weeks.
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“我生了一对双胞胎,
在7周无薪假期后开始上班。
03:24
Emotionally感情上, I was a wreck破坏.
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精神上,我的情绪崩溃了。
03:25
Physically物理, I had a severe严重 hemorrhage出血
during labor劳动, and major重大的 tearing撕裂,
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生理上,我在生产过程中大出血,
还有严重撕裂伤,
03:30
so I could barely仅仅 get up, sit or walk步行.
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我几乎起不来床,
也无法坐立或行走。
03:33
My employer雇主 told me I wasn't allowed允许
to use my available可得到 vacation假期 days
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我老板告诉我,
我不能用自己的假期,
03:36
because it was budget预算 season季节."
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因为正赶上做预算的时期。”
03:39
I've come to believe that we can't look
situations情况 like these in the eye
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我开始相信,我们
无法接受这些情况,
03:44
because then we'd星期三 be horrified吓坏了,
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因为这太可怕了,
03:46
and if we get horrified吓坏了
then we have to do something about it.
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而当我们感到害怕时,
总会做点什么来避免。
03:49
So we choose选择 to look at,
and believe, this image图片.
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于是我们选择去浏览
并且相信这样的照片。
03:53
I don't really know
what's going on in this picture图片,
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说实话,我看不懂这张照片,
总感觉哪里怪怪的,
甚至有点让我心里发毛。
03:55
because I find it weird奇怪的
and slightly creepy爬行.
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03:58
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:59
Like, what is she doing?
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这女的到底在干嘛?
04:01
But I know what it tells告诉 us.
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但是我明白它的目的。
04:05
It tells告诉 us that everything's一切的 fine.
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它想告诉我们,一切都好。
04:07
This working加工 mother母亲, all working加工 mothers母亲
and all of their babies婴儿, are fine.
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这位职场妈妈,所有职场妈妈,
所有的婴儿,一切都好。
04:11
There's nothing to see here.
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没什么需要关注的。
04:13
And anyway无论如何, women妇女 have made制作 a choice选择,
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而且,这是女性们自己做出的选择,
04:16
so none没有 of it's even our problem问题.
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因此跟我们没什么关系。
04:19
I want to break打破 this choice选择 thing
down into two parts部分.
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我想把这里的“选择”分成两部分。
04:22
The first choice选择 says
that women妇女 have chosen选择 to work.
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第一,是女性自己选择了去工作。
04:25
So, that's not true真正.
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然而并非如此。
04:28
Today今天 in America美国, women妇女 make up
47 percent百分 of the workforce劳动力,
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如今的美国,47%的劳动力是女性,
04:33
and in 40 percent百分 of American美国 households
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在40%的美国家庭中间,
04:35
a woman女人 is the sole唯一
or primary breadwinner养家糊口的人.
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女性是唯一的或者主要的经济来源。
04:38
Our paid支付 work is a part部分, a huge巨大 part部分,
of the engine发动机 of this economy经济,
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女性的有偿劳动是美国经济引擎的
一个零件,很重要的零件,
04:43
and it is essential必要
for the engines引擎 of our families家庭.
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也是我们家庭经济引擎的必要零件。
04:46
On a national国民 level水平,
our paid支付 work is not optional可选的.
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从国家层面来说,女性的
有偿劳动是必须的。
04:50
Choice选择 number two says that women妇女
are choosing选择 to have babies婴儿,
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第二,是女性自己选择了生孩子,
04:53
so women妇女 alone单独 should bear
the consequences后果 of those choices选择.
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因此女性应该独自承担后果。
04:58
You know, that's one of those things
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这话乍一听,
05:00
that when you hear it in passing通过,
can sound声音 correct正确.
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似乎还有点道理。
05:02
I didn't make you have a baby宝宝.
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“我又没强迫你生孩子。
05:03
I certainly当然 wasn't there
when that happened发生.
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这事儿跟我没关系。”
05:06
But that stance姿态
ignores忽略 a fundamental基本的 truth真相,
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但是这种态度忽略了一个基本事实,
05:12
which哪一个 is that our procreation生殖
on a national国民 scale规模 is not optional可选的.
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就是生育这件事,
从国家层面来说是必须的。
05:17
The babies婴儿 that women妇女, many许多 of them
working加工 women妇女, are having today今天,
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女性们——其中很多是职场女性
——今天生下的孩子,
05:21
will one day fill our workforce劳动力,
protect保护 our shores海岸,
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将来会成为劳动力,成为军人,
05:24
make up our tax base基础.
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成为纳税人。
05:26
Our procreation生殖
on a national国民 scale规模 is not optional可选的.
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因此,从国家层面来说,
生育是必须的。
05:30
These aren't choices选择.
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没法进行选择。
05:32
We need women妇女 to work.
We need working加工 women妇女 to have babies婴儿.
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我们需要女性去工作。
我们还需要工作的女性生孩子。
这两件事我们同时需要,
那我们至少要保证
05:36
So we should make
doing those things at the same相同 time
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05:38
at least最小 palatable可口, right?
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这是可行的,对吧?
05:40
OK, this is pop流行的 quiz测验 time:
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好,下面是小测验时间:
05:43
what percentage百分比 of working加工
women妇女 in America美国 do you think
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你们觉得在美国,
有多少比例的职场女性
05:46
have no access访问 to paid支付 maternity母道 leave离开?
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没办法取得带薪产假?
05:51
88 percent百分.
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88%。
05:53
88 percent百分 of working加工 mothers母亲
will not get one minute分钟 of paid支付 leave离开
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88%的职场女性在生完孩子后
05:57
after they have a baby宝宝.
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得不到带薪产假。
05:58
So now you're thinking思维 about unpaid未付 leave离开.
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你也许会问,那不带薪的产假呢?
06:02
It exists存在 in America美国.
It's called FMLAFMLA. It does not work.
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这在美国是有的,叫做
《家庭与医疗休假法案》。但是没什么用。
06:05
Because of the way it's structured结构化的,
all kinds of exceptions例外,
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因为它的规定里有很多限制,
06:08
half of new mothers母亲 are ineligible不合格 for it.
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有一半的新妈妈根本达不到标准。
06:12
Here's这里的 what that looks容貌 like.
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比如有下面这样的情况。
06:16
"We adopted采用 our son儿子.
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“我们的儿子是收养的。
06:18
When I got the call, the day he was born天生,
I had to take off work.
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他出生那天,我接到电话,需要请假。
06:22
I had not been there long enough足够
to qualify修饰 for FMLAFMLA,
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我在公司工作的时间还不够长,
不适用《家庭与医疗休假法案》,
06:25
so I wasn't eligible合格 for unpaid未付 leave离开.
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因此无法享受不带薪休假。
06:28
When I took time off
to meet遇到 my newborn新生 son儿子,
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当我去见完我刚出生的儿子后,
06:30
I lost丢失 my job工作."
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我被开除了。”
06:33
These corporate企业 stock股票 photos相片
hide隐藏 another另一个 reality现实, another另一个 layer.
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这些素材照片还隐藏了
另一件事实,
06:38
Of those who do have access访问
to just that unpaid未付 leave离开,
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那些按规定可以享受
不带薪假期的女性,
06:42
most women妇女 can't afford给予
to take much of it at all.
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却又无法承受长时间的休假。
06:45
A nurse护士 told me, "I didn't qualify修饰
for short-term短期 disability失能
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一位护士对我讲,“我不符合
短期无劳动能力的标准,
06:49
because my pregnancy怀孕
was considered考虑 a preexisting预先存在的 condition条件.
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因为我怀孕这件事发生在前。
06:53
We used up all of our tax returns回报
and half of our savings
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我花光了所有的退还税款
和一半的积蓄,
06:55
during my six unpaid未付 weeks.
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用来支付我6周无薪假期的支出。
06:57
We just couldn't不能 manage管理 any longer.
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时间再长我们就撑不住了。
06:59
Physically物理 it was hard,
but emotionally感情上 it was worse更差.
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首先身体就吃不消,
精神压力也让我濒临崩溃。
07:02
I struggled挣扎 for months个月
being存在 away from my son儿子."
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离开我儿子(去上班)
让我难受了好几个月。”
07:05
So this decision决定
to go back to work so early,
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因此,早些返回工作岗位,
07:08
it's a rational合理的 economic经济 decision决定
driven驱动 by family家庭 finances财政,
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是由家庭经济状况决定的,
看起来合情合理,
07:12
but it's often经常 physically物理 horrific可怕的
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但对于(产后妇女的)
身体而言太可怕了,
07:14
because putting a human人的
into the world世界 is messy.
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因为她们还没有完全恢复。
07:18
A waitress小姐 told me,
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一位女服务员告诉我,
07:19
"With my first baby宝宝, I was back
at work five weeks postpartum产后.
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“生完第一个小孩,
我5周后回去上班。
07:23
With my second第二, I had to have
major重大的 surgery手术 after giving birth分娩,
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而生完第二个,
我在产后动了个大手术,
07:26
so I waited等待 until直到 six weeks to go back.
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我休息了6周才重新开始上班。
07:29
I had third第三 degree tears眼泪."
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我当时有三度撕裂。”
07:32
23 percent百分 of new
working加工 mothers母亲 in America美国
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在美国,有23%的母亲
07:35
will be back on the job工作
within two weeks of giving birth分娩.
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生完孩子后2周内就开始上班。
07:42
"I worked工作 as a bartender酒保 and cook厨师,
average平均 of 75 hours小时 a week while pregnant.
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“我是一名酒吧招待和厨师,
怀孕期间平均每周工作75小时,
07:47
I had to return返回 to work
before my baby宝宝 was a month old,
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我不得不在孩子满月前回去上班,
07:49
working加工 60 hours小时 a week.
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每周工作60小时。
07:51
One of my coworkers合作伙伴 was only able能够
to afford给予 10 days off with her baby宝宝."
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而我的一个同事只能拿到10天的产假。”
07:56
Of course课程, this isn't just a scenario脚本
with economic经济 and physical物理 implications启示.
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毫无疑问,(生孩子)不仅仅会影响
经济状况和身体健康。
08:00
Childbirth分娩 is, and always will be,
an enormous巨大 psychological心理 event事件.
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同时,无论是现在还是将来,
它也会对心理造成巨大影响。
08:06
A teacher老师 told me,
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一位老师告诉我,
08:08
"I returned to work
eight weeks after my son儿子 was born天生.
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“我是在儿子出生后8周开始上班的。
08:11
I already已经 suffer遭受 from anxiety焦虑,
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本来我就够焦虑了,
08:13
but the panic恐慌 attacks攻击 I had prior
to returning回国 to work were unbearable不堪忍受."
155
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但重返工作岗位的恐慌
简直让我难以承受。”
08:18
Statistically统计学 speaking请讲,
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从统计学角度来讲,
08:20
the shorter a woman's女人的 leave离开
after having a baby宝宝,
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妇女的产假越短,
08:23
the more likely容易 she will be to suffer遭受
from postpartum产后 mood心情 disorders障碍
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她出现产后情绪失调的
可能性就越大,
08:26
like depression萧条 and anxiety焦虑,
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比如抑郁和焦虑,
08:28
and among其中 many许多 potential潜在
consequences后果 of those disorders障碍,
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而在情绪失调
可能带来的诸多后果中,
08:32
suicide自杀 is the second第二
most common共同 cause原因 of death死亡
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自杀的比例很高,
它在妇女产后一年内死亡原因中
08:35
in a woman's女人的 first year postpartum产后.
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排在第二。
08:39
Heads元首 up that this next下一个 story故事 --
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请注意听下面这个故事——
08:40
I've never met会见 this woman女人,
but I find it hard to get through通过.
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我没见过这位女士,
但她的故事让我难以释怀。
08:45
"I feel tremendous巨大 grief哀思 and rage愤怒
that I lost丢失 an essential必要,
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“我感到强烈的悲伤和愤怒,
因为我失去了
08:49
irreplaceable不可替代 and formative形成性
time with my son儿子.
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与我儿子相处的关键的成长时期,
这段时间是无法弥补的。
08:53
Labor劳动 and delivery交货
left me feeling感觉 absolutely绝对 broken破碎.
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分娩和生育的过程
让我筋疲力竭。
08:56
For months个月, all I remember记得
is the screaming尖叫: colic绞痛, they said.
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几个月来,我一直忍不住因为腹痛
而大声呻吟,他们说这是疝气。
09:01
On the inside, I was drowning溺死.
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我的内心已经濒临崩溃。
09:03
Every一切 morning早上, I asked myself
how much longer I could do it.
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每天早晨,我都问自己还能坚持多久。
09:07
I was allowed允许 to bring带来 my baby宝宝 to work.
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我可以带着宝宝去上班。
09:10
I closed关闭 my office办公室 door
while I rocked震撼 and shushed
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当他哭闹时,我别无他法,
只能关上办公室的门,
09:13
and begged him to stop screaming尖叫
so I wouldn't不会 get in trouble麻烦.
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求他停止哭闹,免得我丢了工作。
09:17
I hid behind背后 that office办公室 door
every一切 damn该死的 day
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我每天都躲在那扇该死的门背后,
09:19
and cried哭了 while he screamed尖叫.
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1936
一边哭泣一边听他哭闹。
09:21
I cried哭了 in the bathroom浴室
while I washed out the pump equipment设备.
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我在洗手间
清洗挤奶器的时候也在流泪。
09:25
Every一切 day, I cried哭了 all the way to work
and all the way home again.
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每一天,无论上班还是在家
我都只能以泪洗面。
09:28
I promised许诺 my boss老板 that the work
I didn't get doneDONE during the day,
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我向老板保证,
白天没干完的工作,
晚上我会在家里补上。
09:31
I'd make up at night from home.
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09:33
I thought, there's just something
wrong错误 with me that I can't swing摇摆 this."
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3800
我想,自己肯定出什么问题了,
而且我自己无法解决。”
09:38
So those are the mothers母亲.
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妈妈们是这种情况。
09:41
What of the babies婴儿?
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那宝宝们呢?
09:42
As a country国家, do we care关心
about the millions百万 of babies婴儿
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作为一个国家,我们对于
职场女性每年生育的
09:45
born天生 every一切 year to working加工 mothers母亲?
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数百万婴儿是否关心呢?
09:47
I say we don't,
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我认为做得不够,
09:48
not until直到 they're of working加工
and tax-paying纳税 and military-serving军事服务 age年龄.
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我们的关心是从他们可以
工作,纳税,服役时才开始的。
09:52
We tell them we'll see them in 18 years年份,
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1905
我们对孩子们说,
等你们满18岁再说吧,
09:54
and getting得到 there is kind of on them.
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1762
在那之前你们得靠自己。
09:57
One of the reasons原因 I know this
is that babies婴儿 whose谁的 mothers母亲
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2762
为什么说这些,原因之一是,
那些可以在家陪伴宝宝
10:00
have 12 or more weeks at home with them
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12周或者更久的妈妈们,
10:02
are more likely容易 to get their vaccinations接种疫苗
and their well checks检查 in their first year,
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在孩子一岁前,会更倾向于给宝宝打疫苗,
并且更关注宝宝的健康,
10:06
so those babies婴儿 are more protected保护
from deadly致命 and disabling禁用 diseases疾病.
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因此这些宝宝们被保护得更好,
不易夭折,也不易患病致残。
10:11
But those things are hidden
behind背后 images图片 like this.
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但这些事实都被隐藏在
类似这样的照片背后。
10:18
America美国 has a message信息 for new mothers母亲
who work and for their babies婴儿.
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美国对当了妈妈的职场女性
以及她们的宝宝传递这样的信息。
10:23
Whatever随你 time you get together一起,
you should be grateful感激 for it,
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3776
无论你的产假是长是短,
都应该心怀感激,
10:27
and you're an inconvenience不方便
196
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2736
而且你要意识到,你休产假
10:30
to the economy经济 and to your employers雇主.
197
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3016
给经济发展和你的雇主带来了不便。
10:33
That narrative叙述 of gratitude感谢
runs运行 through通过 a lot of the stories故事 I hear.
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这种满怀谢意的话,
我在许多故事中都能听到。
10:37
A woman女人 told me,
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1656
一位女士告诉我,
10:39
"I went back at eight weeks
after my C-section剖腹产
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2176
“我在剖腹产后休息了8周就上班了,
10:41
because my husband丈夫 was out of work.
201
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1816
因为我丈夫没有工作。
10:43
Without没有 me, my daughter女儿
had failure失败 to thrive兴旺.
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2736
我不在身边,女儿过得很不好。
10:46
She wouldn't不会 take a bottle瓶子.
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1296
她不愿意喝奶粉。
10:47
She started开始 losing失去 weight重量.
204
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1616
体重开始下降。
10:49
Thankfully感激地, my manager经理
was very understanding理解.
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2816
好在我的经理非常理解我。
10:52
He let my mom妈妈 bring带来 my baby宝宝,
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1536
他让我母亲带着宝宝来公司,
10:53
who was on oxygen and a monitor监控,
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2296
当时宝宝还输着氧,带着监视器,
10:56
four times a shift转移 so I could nurse护士 her."
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2120
这样我在上班期间能照顾她。”
10:59
There's a little club俱乐部
of countries国家 in the world世界
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3376
世界上只有少数几个国家,
11:03
that offer提供 no national国民
paid支付 leave离开 to new mothers母亲.
210
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3856
没有实行全民带薪产假。
11:07
Care关心 to guess猜测 who they are?
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能猜到都有哪些国家吗?
11:09
The first eight make up eight million百万
in total population人口.
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前8个国家加起来只有800万人口。
11:13
They are Papua巴布亚 New Guinea几内亚,
Suriname苏里南 and the tiny island nations国家
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3496
有巴布亚新几内亚,苏里南
和几个小的岛国,
11:17
of Micronesia密克罗尼西亚, Marshall马歇尔 Islands岛屿,
Nauru瑙鲁, Niue纽埃, Palau帕劳 and Tonga汤加.
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包括密克罗尼西亚,马绍尔群岛,
还有瑙鲁,纽埃,帕劳和汤加。
11:23
Number nine is
the United联合的 States状态 of America美国,
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第9个就是美利坚合众国,
11:25
with 320 million百万 people.
216
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2080
拥有3亿2千万人口。
11:29
Oh, that's it.
217
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2336
哦,后面没有了。
11:31
That's the end结束 of the list名单.
218
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2576
美国是名单上最后一个。
11:34
Every一切 other economy经济 on the planet行星
219
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这个星球上所有其他国家,
11:35
has found发现 a way to make some level水平
of national国民 paid支付 leave离开 work
220
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3896
都有全民带薪产假,时间有长有短,
11:39
for the people doing the work
of the future未来 of those countries国家,
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2976
来照顾那些为了国家的未来
在工作,在生育的人们,
11:42
but we say,
"We couldn't不能 possibly或者 do that."
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而我们却说,“我们可能办不到。”
11:46
We say that the market市场
will solve解决 this problem问题,
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我们认为市场可以解决这个问题,
11:49
and then we cheer欢呼 when corporations公司
offer提供 even more paid支付 leave离开 to the women妇女
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大公司们给女士们更多带薪产假,
我们欢欣鼓舞,
11:53
who are already已经 the highest-educated最高学历
and highest-paid薪酬最高 among其中 us.
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这些女士们原本
就接受了最好的教育,拿着最高的薪水。
11:57
Remember记得 that 88 percent百分?
226
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1816
还记得之前说的88%吗?
11:58
Those middle-中间- and low-income低收入 women妇女
are not going to participate参加 in that.
227
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那些中低收入的女性
根本无法享受这些。
12:03
We know that there are staggering踉跄
economic经济, financial金融, physical物理
228
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我们明白,要改变这一点,
需要我们从经济、财政、生理和心理
12:09
and emotional情绪化 costs成本 to this approach途径.
229
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各方面都做好充分的准备。
12:11
We have decided决定 --
decided决定, not an accident事故,
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于是我们决定——是决定,
不是意外发生的,
12:15
to pass通过 these costs成本 directly
on to working加工 mothers母亲 and their babies婴儿.
231
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将这些负担直接转移到
职场女性和她们的宝宝身上。
12:19
We know the price价钱 tag标签 is higher更高
for low-income低收入 women妇女,
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我们知道这些负担对那些
低收入的女性们更加沉重,
12:22
therefore因此 disproportionately不成比例
for women妇女 of color颜色.
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对于非白人女性更是如此。
12:25
We pass通过 them on anyway无论如何.
234
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2456
但我们依然这样做了。
12:27
All of this is to America's美国 shame耻辱.
235
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2616
这一切是美国的耻辱。
12:30
But it's also to America's美国 risk风险.
236
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3896
但同时也让美国陷入了巨大的风险。
12:34
Because what would happen发生
237
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1896
因为,如果有一天,
12:36
if all of these individual个人
so-called所谓 choices选择 to have babies婴儿
238
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所有这些“选择”要孩子的人
12:40
started开始 to turn into individual个人 choices选择
not to have babies婴儿.
239
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4000
开始选择不要孩子,会怎么样呢?
12:45
One woman女人 told me,
240
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1696
一位女士对我说,
12:47
"New motherhood母亲 is hard.
It shouldn't不能 be traumatic创伤.
241
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3256
“新时代的妈妈不好当。
本不应如此痛苦的。
12:50
When we talk about expanding扩大
our family家庭 now,
242
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2256
当我们计划再要一个小孩时,
12:52
we focus焦点 on how much time I would have
to care关心 for myself and a new baby宝宝.
243
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4296
考虑得最多的是我能有
多少时间来照顾自己和宝宝。
12:56
If we were to have to do it again
the same相同 way as with our first,
244
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3296
如果还跟生老大的时候一样,
13:00
we might威力 stick with one kid孩子."
245
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1640
那我们宁愿只生一个。”
13:03
The birthrate出生率 needed需要 in America美国
to keep the population人口 stable稳定
246
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2896
如果要保持美国的人口稳定,
每位女性平均要生2.1个孩子。
13:06
is 2.1 live生活 births出生 per woman女人.
247
774720
2136
13:08
In America美国 today今天, we are at 1.86.
248
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3976
而美国现在的数字是1.86。
13:12
We need women妇女 to have babies婴儿,
249
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2296
我们需要女性生育孩子,
13:15
and we are actively积极地 disincentivizingdisincentivizing
working加工 women妇女 from doing that.
250
783200
4536
而我们却没有为她们
创造充分的条件来实现它。
13:19
What would happen发生 to work force,
to innovation革新, to GDPGDP,
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如果职场女性一个个都觉得
13:23
if one by one, the working加工 mothers母亲
of this country国家 were to decide决定
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自己无法承受再要一个孩子,
13:27
that they can't bear
to do this thing more than once一旦?
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这对劳动力、创新、
国内生产总值意味着什么?
13:31
I'm here today今天 with only
one idea理念 worth价值 spreading传播,
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我今天就想表达一个观点,
13:35
and you've guessed what it is.
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你们应该已经猜到了。
13:37
It is long since以来 time
for the most powerful强大 country国家 on Earth地球
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作为地球上最强大的国家,
13:41
to offer提供 national国民 paid支付 leave离开
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美国早就应该推行全民带薪产假了,
13:43
to the people doing the work
of the future未来 of this country国家
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这不单是为了
在为美国的未来拼搏的妈妈们,
13:45
and to the babies婴儿
who represent代表 that future未来.
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也为了代表美国未来的宝宝们。
13:48
Childbirth分娩 is a public上市 good.
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生育是一项公益事业。
13:50
This leave离开 should be state-subsidized国家补贴.
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产假应由国家来补贴。
13:53
It should have no exceptions例外
for small businesses企业,
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应一视同仁,无论公司大小,
13:56
length长度 of employment雇用 or entrepreneurs企业家.
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工作年限长短或者老板是谁。
13:58
It should be able能够
to be shared共享 between之间 partners伙伴.
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应该能由伴侣双方共享。
14:00
I've talked today今天 a lot about mothers母亲,
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我今天讲的大部分都是妈妈,
14:02
but co-parents共同父母 matter on so many许多 levels水平.
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但是伴侣中的另一半同样非常重要。
14:07
Not one more woman女人
should have to go back to work
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不要再让任何女性
一瘸一拐,还流着血
14:10
while she is hobbling蹒跚 and bleeding流血的.
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就去上班了。
14:13
Not one more family家庭 should have
to drain排水 their savings account帐户
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不要再让任何家庭花光积蓄,
14:17
to buy购买 a few少数 days
of rest休息 and recovery复苏 and bonding结合.
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仅仅为了能多休息几天,调养身体。
14:21
Not one more fragile脆弱 infant婴儿
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不要再让任何脆弱的婴儿
14:23
should have to go directly
from the incubator恒温箱 to day care关心
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直接从保温箱转到托儿所,
14:26
because his parents父母 have used up
all of their meager微薄 time
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仅仅因为他的父母
将仅有的那一点点假期都用于
14:29
sitting坐在 in the NICUNICU.
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守候在新生儿重症监护室。
14:30
Not one more working加工 family家庭
should be told that the collision碰撞
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不要再对任何家庭说,
14:33
of their work, their needed需要 work
and their needed需要 parenthood父母,
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他们作为员工和父母
这两种身份的矛盾,
14:38
is their problem问题 alone单独.
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只能由他们自己解决。
14:40
The catch抓住 is that when this is happening事件
to a new family家庭, it is consuming消费,
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问题在于当这一切发生在
一个新家庭时,会很让人伤脑筋,
14:45
and a family家庭 with a new baby宝宝
is more financially经济 vulnerable弱势
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有新生儿的家庭的财政状况
14:48
than they've他们已经 ever been before,
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比以往任何时候都脆弱,
14:49
so that new mother母亲 cannot不能 afford给予
to speak说话 up on her own拥有 behalf代表.
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因此新妈妈没办法站出来
为自己的利益发声。
14:53
But all of us have voices声音.
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但我们可以发声。
14:55
I am doneDONE, doneDONE having babies婴儿,
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我已经生完孩子了,不想再要了,
14:59
and you might威力 be pre-baby预宝宝,
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你可能准备要孩子,
15:01
you might威力 be post-baby宝宝后,
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你可能要完孩子了,
15:02
you might威力 be no baby宝宝.
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你可能不打算要孩子。
15:04
It should not matter.
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这都没关系。
15:06
We have to stop framing取景 this
as a mother's母亲 issue问题,
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我们不该仅仅把它看作是妈妈的事,
15:08
or even a women's女士的 issue问题.
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或者女性的事。
15:10
This is an American美国 issue问题.
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这是全美国的事。
15:14
We need to stop buying购买 the lie谎言
that these images图片 tell us.
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我们应该停止相信这些骗人的照片。
15:17
We need to stop being存在 comforted by them.
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我们应该停止从中获得安慰。
15:20
We need to question
why we're told that this can't work
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我们应该质疑,为什么美国做不到,
15:22
when we see it work
everywhere到处 all over the world世界.
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而其他国家都能做到。
15:26
We need to recognize认识
that this American美国 reality现实
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我们应该意识到,美国的这一现实,
15:29
is to our dishonor羞辱 and to our peril.
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对我们而言是耻辱和危险。
15:33
Because this is not,
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因为这不是,
15:35
this is not,
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这也不是,
15:37
and this is not
what a working加工 mother母亲 looks容貌 like.
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这些都不是,职场妈妈真实的样子。
15:42
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Alvin Lee
Reviewed by Yinchun Rui

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessica Shortall - Strategy consultant, social entrepreneur and author
Jessica Shortall is a working mom of two and author of Work. Pump. Repeat: The New Mom's Survival Guide to Breastfeeding and Going Back to Work.

Why you should listen

What do breastfeeding and paid leave for working mothers, sustainable eye care, hunger, green investing, giving shoes and the business case for LGBT equality have in common? 

For Jessica Shortall, they have all been opportunities to change the world: challenges that need sustainable solutions and require a deep understanding of market forces, audiences, and cultures. They all require an intense dive into data, and they all benefit from powerful storytelling.

Shortall has provided strategy consulting to dozens of businesses, social enterprises, non-profit organizations and campaigns in the US, UK and beyond. Her first book, Work. Pump. Repeat: The New Mom's Guide to Surviving Breastfeeding and Going Back to Work, was inspired by her own experiences of circumnavigating the globe with a breast pump. She interviewed hundreds of working mothers and dozens of HR professionals to create a practical, relatable, judgment-free guide for women who want to try to continue breastfeeding after they've returned to work.

Shortall started her adult life as a Peace Corps Volunteer in Uzbekistan, and she haven't stopped searching for ways to change the world since, across non-profit and for-profit worlds. In the early 2000s, she co-founded and franchised a non-profit organization that is now active in more than 40 communities. In 2006, she received an MBA with honors from the University of Oxford, as a Skoll Scholar in Social Entrepreneurship. She went on to spend three years providing consulting services to social entrepreneurs. From 2009 to 2014, she was the first Director of Giving at TOMS Shoes, hired to build out the now-iconic One for One giving mission and strategy. 

She currently lives in Dallas, TX with her husband Clay and her two children.

More profile about the speaker
Jessica Shortall | Speaker | TED.com