ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Barber - Chef
Dan Barber is a chef and a scholar -- relentlessly pursuing the stories and reasons behind the foods we grow and eat.

Why you should listen

Dan Barber is the chef at New York's Blue Hill restaurant, and Blue Hill at Stone Barns in Westchester, where he practices a kind of close-to-the-land cooking married to agriculture and stewardship of the earth. As described on Chez Pim: "Stone Barns is only 45 minutes from Manhattan, but it might as well be a whole different universe. A model of self-sufficiency and environmental responsibility, Stone Barns is a working farm, ranch, and a three-Michelin-star-worthy restaurant." It's a vision of a new kind of food chain.

Barber's philosophy of food focuses on pleasure and thoughtful conservation -- on knowing where the food on your plate comes from and the unseen forces that drive what we eat. He's written on US agricultural policies, asking for a new vision that does not throw the food chain out of balance by subsidizing certain crops at the expense of more appropriate ones.

In 2009, Barber received the James Beard award for America's Outstanding Chef, and was named one of the world's most influential people in Time’s annual "Time 100" list. In 2014 he published The Third Plate: Field Notes on the Future of Food.

More profile about the speaker
Dan Barber | Speaker | TED.com
Taste3 2008

Dan Barber: A foie gras parable

Dan Barber 出人意料的肥鹅肝寓言

Filmed:
1,525,293 views

厨师 Dan Barber 讲述他在西班牙小农庄的发现:农夫 Eduardo Sousa 照着 Barber 人传统的食品生产法,以自然方法在自然环境中养鹅,人道且自然地生产肥鹅肝。
- Chef
Dan Barber is a chef and a scholar -- relentlessly pursuing the stories and reasons behind the foods we grow and eat. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
I went to Spain西班牙 a few少数 months个月 ago
0
0
4000
几个月前我去了趟西班牙
00:20
and I had the best最好 foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝 of my life.
1
4000
6000
在那里我吃到了今生吃过最好吃的鹅肝酱
00:26
The best最好 culinary烹饪 experience经验 of my life.
2
10000
3000
这是我一生中最美妙的饮食经验
00:30
Because what I saw, I'm convinced相信, is the future未来 of cooking烹饪.
3
14000
7000
因为我相信我看到了饮食文化的未来
00:37
Ridiculous荒谬, right?
4
21000
1000
莫名其妙,对吗?
00:38
Foie鸭肝 gras鹅肝 and the future未来 of cooking烹饪.
5
22000
2000
鹅肝酱和饮食文化的未来
00:40
There's not a food餐饮 today今天 that's more maligned非议 than foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝, right?
6
24000
3000
在今日的饮食文化中,没有比鹅肝酱更敏感的话题了
00:43
I mean, it's crucified钉在十字架上.
7
27000
2000
几乎没人敢碰
00:45
It was outlawed取缔 in Chicago芝加哥 for a while.
8
29000
2000
在芝加哥甚至有一阵子是违法的
00:47
It's pending有待 here in California加州, and just recently最近 in New York纽约.
9
31000
5000
加利福尼亚州还没有决定,纽约刚公布法令
00:52
It's like if you're a chef厨师 and you put it on your menu菜单,
10
36000
3000
感觉像是如果一个厨师把鹅肝酱放上菜单
00:55
you risk风险 being存在 attacked袭击.
11
39000
2000
就有被攻击的危险
00:57
Really, it happened发生 here in San Francisco弗朗西斯科 to a famous著名 chef厨师.
12
41000
4000
真的,它才刚发生在旧金山一位知名厨师身上
01:01
I'm not saying that there's not a rationale合理
13
45000
6000
我不是说反对鹅肝酱
01:07
for being存在 opposed反对 to foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝.
14
51000
2000
是不合理的
01:09
The reasons原因 usually平时 just boil down to the gavage灌胃, which哪一个 is the force feeding馈送.
15
53000
4000
人们反对的是强制喂食
01:13
Basically基本上 you take a goose or a duck
16
57000
2000
你抓着鹅,或是鸭
01:15
and you force feed饲料 a ton of grain粮食 down its throat.
17
59000
5000
然后把大量的谷物往它脖子里倒
01:20
More grain粮食 in a couple一对 of weeks than it would ever get in a lifetime一生.
18
64000
4000
这两个礼拜的谷物等于它们一生的食量
01:24
Its liver expands展开 by eight times.
19
68000
3000
于是它们的肝脏胀大了八倍
01:27
Suffice满足 to say it's like -- it's not the prettiest最漂亮 picture图片 of sustainable可持续发展 farming农业.
20
71000
5000
简单来说,这不是一个美好的景象
01:32
The problem问题 for us chefs厨师 is that it's so freakin'刻着 delicious美味的.
21
76000
6000
问题是,对厨师来说,它实在超级无敌好吃
01:38
(Laughter笑声)
22
82000
3000
(笑声)
01:41
I mean, I love the stuff东东.
23
85000
3000
我是说,我爱死它了
01:44
It is fatty脂肪, it's sweet, it's silky柔滑, it's unctuous油腻的.
24
88000
5000
它油而不腻,带着丝般的甜味
01:49
It makes品牌 everything else其他 you put it with taste味道 incredible难以置信.
25
93000
5000
它让所有东西都变得好吃
01:54
Can we produce生产 a menu菜单 that's delicious美味的 without foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝?
26
98000
6000
我们可以创造一个零鹅肝的可口菜单吗?
02:00
Yes, sure.
27
104000
2000
当然可以
02:02
You can also bike自行车 the Tour游览 de France法国 without steroids类固醇, right?
28
106000
3000
就像你也可以不使用类固醇参加环法自行车赛啊
02:05
(Laughter笑声)
29
109000
3000
(笑声)
02:08
Not a lot of people are doing it.
30
112000
2000
没什么人这样做
02:10
And for good reason原因.
31
114000
2000
这是有原因的
02:12
(Laughter笑声)
32
116000
1000
(笑声)
02:13
So several一些 months个月 ago, a friend朋友 of mine sent发送 me this link链接 to this guy,
33
117000
5000
几个月前,有个朋友介绍一个人给我
02:18
Eduardo爱德华多 Sousa索萨.
34
122000
3000
Eduardo Sousa。
02:21
Eduardo爱德华多 is doing what he calls电话 natural自然 foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝.
35
125000
4000
Eduardo 做得是全天然的肥鹅肝
02:25
Natural自然 foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝.
36
129000
2000
全天然的肥鹅肝
02:27
What's natural自然 about foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝?
37
131000
3000
肥鹅肝有可能是天然的吗?
02:30
To take advantage优点 of when the temperature温度 drops滴剂 in the fall秋季,
38
134000
4000
他等到秋天天气变冷时
02:34
geese and ducks鸭子 gorge峡谷 on food餐饮
39
138000
5000
鹅和鸭开始大量进食
02:39
to prepare准备 for the harsh苛刻 realities现实 of winter冬季.
40
143000
5000
为冬天做准备
02:44
And the rest休息 of the year they're free自由 to roam漫游 around Eduardo's爱德华多的 land土地
41
148000
5000
其它时候它们漫游在 Eduardo 的农场上
02:49
and eat what they want.
42
153000
2000
随意吃自己喜欢的
02:51
So no gavage灌胃, no force feeding馈送,
43
155000
1000
没有任何的强制喂食
02:52
no factory-like工厂类 conditions条件, no cruelty残酷.
44
156000
4000
没有工厂、残忍虐待
02:56
And it's shockingly令人吃惊 not a new idea理念.
45
160000
2000
这是个惊人的新做法
02:58
His great-granddad大,爷爷 started开始 -- Pater佩特ía de Sousa索萨 -- in 1812.
46
162000
6000
从他的曾祖父开始 - Patria de Sousa
03:04
And they've他们已经 been doing it quietly悄悄 ever since以来.
47
168000
6000
从1812年开始,他们不动声色地这样做
03:10
That is until直到 last year,
48
174000
3000
直到去年
03:13
when Eduardo爱德华多 won韩元 the Coup政变 de Coeur,
49
177000
5000
当 Eduardo 赢了法国厨艺界的
03:18
the coveted令人垂涎 French法国 gastronomic美食 prize.
50
182000
4000
”一见钟情“奖
03:22
It's like the Olympics奥运会 of food餐饮 products制品.
51
186000
3000
那是食材的奥林匹克奖
03:25
He placed放置 first for his foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝.
52
189000
4000
他得到鹅肝酱的第一名
03:29
Big, big problem问题.
53
193000
2000
问题大了
03:31
As he said to me, that really pissed生气 the French法国 off.
54
195000
3000
他告诉我,法国人非常生气
03:34
(Laughter笑声)
55
198000
4000
(笑声)
03:38
He said it sort分类 of gleefully兴高采烈地.
56
202000
2000
他愉快地告诉我
03:40
It was all over the papers文件.
57
204000
2000
它占满了报纸头条
03:42
I read about it. It was in Le Monde世界报.
58
206000
2000
我也读到了。在世界报上
03:44
"Spanish西班牙语 chef厨师 accused被告 ... " -- and the French法国 accused被告 him.
59
208000
4000
”西班牙厨师被控告……“法国人控告他
03:48
"Spanish西班牙语 chef厨师 accused被告 of cheating作弊."
60
212000
2000
“西班牙厨师被控告有作弊嫌疑”
03:50
They accused被告 him of paying付款 off the judges法官.
61
214000
2000
他们怀疑他收买了评审
03:52
They implicated牵连 actually其实, the Spanish西班牙语 government政府, amazingly令人惊讶.
62
216000
3000
他们暗示这是西班牙政府做的
03:56
Huh, amazing惊人.
63
220000
2000
惊人吧
03:58
A huge巨大 scandal丑闻 for a few少数 weeks.
64
222000
1000
这个巨大的丑闻持续了几个礼拜
03:59
Couldn't不能 find a shred撕碎 of evidence证据.
65
223000
3000
没人能找到证据
04:02
Now, look at the guy.
66
226000
1000
看看他
04:03
He doesn't look like a guy who's谁是 paying付款 off French法国 judges法官
67
227000
2000
他怎么也不像一个会拿钱收买法国评审的人
04:05
for his foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝.
68
229000
2000
为了他的鹅肝酱
04:07
So that died死亡 down, and very soon不久 afterward之后,
69
231000
3000
风波慢慢平息,很快地
04:10
new controversy争议.
70
234000
2000
新的争议出现了
04:12
He shouldn't不能 win赢得 because it's not foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝.
71
236000
5000
他不能赢因为那不是鹅肝酱
04:17
It's not foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝 because it's not gavage灌胃.
72
241000
2000
因为他没有使用强制喂食法
04:19
There's no force feeding馈送.
73
243000
2000
所以那不能算是鹅肝酱
04:21
So by definition定义, he's lying说谎 and should be disqualified取消资格.
74
245000
5000
因为定义不同,他说了谎而且应该取消资格
04:26
As funny滑稽 as it sounds声音, articulating关节 it now and reading about it --
75
250000
3000
虽然现在想想,或读到会觉得有点好笑
04:29
actually其实, if we had talked about it before this controversy争议,
76
253000
3000
事实上,如果我们在争议发生前谈论此事
04:32
I would have said, "That's kind of true真正."
77
256000
2000
我会说,那不是真的
04:34
You know, foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝 by definition定义, force feeding馈送, it's gavage灌胃,
78
258000
2000
鹅肝酱一定得使用强制喂食法
04:36
and that's what you get when you want foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝.
79
260000
6000
这就是你吃鹅肝酱所得到的
04:42
That is, until直到 I went to Eduardo's爱德华多的 farm农场 in Extremadura埃斯特雷马杜拉,
80
266000
5000
直到我去了 Eduardo 位在艾斯马度华的农场
04:47
50 miles英里 north of Seville塞维利亚, right on the Portugal葡萄牙 border边境.
81
271000
4000
在塞维尔50英里的北方,葡萄牙边境
04:51
I saw first-hand第一手 a system系统 that is incredibly令人难以置信 complex复杂
82
275000
4000
我亲眼见到一个非常复杂的系统
04:55
and then at the same相同 time, like everything beautiful美丽 in nature性质,
83
279000
5000
同时也非常美丽而自然
05:00
is utterly完全 simple简单.
84
284000
3000
它非常简单
05:04
And he said to me, really from the first moment时刻,
85
288000
2000
他告诉我,从我见到他的第一刻起
05:06
my life's人生 work is to give the geese what they want.
86
290000
5000
我只是给这些鹅它们想要的
05:11
He repeated重复 that about 50 times in the two days I was with him.
87
295000
3000
在我与他在一起的这两天,他重复了50次
05:14
I'm just here to give the geese what they want.
88
298000
4000
我只是给这些鹅它们想要的
05:18
Actually其实, when I showed显示 up he was lying说谎 down with the geese with his cell细胞 phone电话
89
302000
3000
事实上,我到的时候他正躺在地上
05:21
taking服用 pictures图片 of them
90
305000
1000
用手机拍摄他的鹅
05:22
like his children孩子 in the grass.
91
306000
2000
像他在草地上的孩子
05:24
Amazing惊人.
92
308000
2000
非常神奇。
05:26
He's really just in love with -- he's at one with --
93
310000
2000
他深爱着这些 - 他就是
05:28
he's the goose whisperer.
94
312000
2000
所谓的“从一鹅终”
05:30
(Laughter笑声)
95
314000
2000
(笑声)
05:36
And when I was speaking请讲 to him, you know, I thought,
96
320000
5000
当我和他谈话的时候,你知道
05:41
like I'm speaking请讲 to you now, right,
97
325000
2000
就像我现在和你说话一样
05:43
but sort分类 of in the middle中间 of my questions问题, my excited兴奋 questions问题,
98
327000
5000
但在我兴奋地向他提问的时候
05:48
because the more I got to know him and his system系统,
99
332000
1000
因为我越认识他和他的姐妹
05:49
the more exciting扣人心弦 this whole整个 idea理念 became成为.
100
333000
4000
我就越对这个新知感到兴奋
05:53
He kept不停 going like this to me.
101
337000
1000
他多我做这个动作
05:57
And I thought, OK, excited兴奋 Jew from New York纽约, right?
102
341000
4000
我想,哦,一个来自纽约的兴奋犹太人
06:01
I'm talking a little too aggressively积极, whatever随你,
103
345000
4000
或许我有点太激进了,但没关系
06:05
so you know, I slowed放缓 down.
104
349000
2000
于是我慢了下来
06:07
And finally最后, by the end结束 of the day I was like,
105
351000
1000
终于,在一天快结束时,我说
06:08
Ed-uar-do埃德UAR-DO, you know like this?
106
352000
3000
Eduardo,这是什么意思?
06:11
But he was still going like this.
107
355000
3000
但他仍然做着一样的动作
06:14
I figured想通 it out.
108
358000
2000
我终于懂了
06:16
I was speaking请讲 too loudly高声.
109
360000
2000
我说话太大声了
06:19
So I hushed寂静 my voice语音.
110
363000
2000
于是我降低声音
06:21
I kind of like asked these questions问题 and chatted with him through通过 a translator翻译者
111
365000
4000
我经过一个翻译员,问他这些问题
06:25
in kind of a half whisper耳语.
112
369000
2000
轻声细语地
06:27
And he stopped停止 doing this.
113
371000
2000
他不再做这个手势了
06:29
And amazingly令人惊讶, the geese who were on the other side of the paddock牧场 when I was around --
114
373000
5000
神奇的是,那些刚刚站得离我们很远的鹅
06:34
"Get the hell地狱 away from this kid孩子!" --
115
378000
2000
“不要靠近那些孩子!”
06:36
when I lowered降低 my voice语音, they all came来了 right up to us.
116
380000
3000
当我降低声音,它们围了上来
06:39
Right up to us, like right up to here.
117
383000
1000
围到了这里
06:40
Right along沿 the fence篱笆 line线.
118
384000
1000
沿着栅栏线
06:41
And fence篱笆 line线 was amazing惊人 in itself本身.
119
385000
3000
连栅栏线本身也很神奇
06:44
The fence篱笆 -- like this conception概念 of fence篱笆 that we have
120
388000
3000
我们概念里的栅栏
06:47
it's totally完全 backward落后 with him.
121
391000
2000
与他的概念正好是相反的
06:49
The electricity电力 on this fiberglass玻璃纤维 fence篱笆
122
393000
2000
玻璃纤维栅栏上
06:51
is only on the outside.
123
395000
3000
是向外的一圈通电
06:54
He rewired重新布线 it. He invented发明 it.
124
398000
3000
于是他重新设计发明
06:57
I've never seen看到 it. Have you?
125
401000
3000
我从来没有看过,你有吗?
07:00
You fence篱笆 in animals动物. You electrify通电 the inside.
126
404000
3000
你把动物围住,向内通电
07:03
He doesn't.
127
407000
1000
他不是
07:04
He electrifies电极通电 only the outside.
128
408000
3000
他把栅栏外面通电
07:07
Why?
129
411000
1000
为什么?
07:08
Because he said to me that he felt like the geese --
130
412000
2000
因他说他认为这些鹅
07:10
and he proved证实 this actually其实, not just a conceit自负, he proved证实 this --
131
414000
5000
这不只是一个想法,他证明了
07:15
the geese felt manipulated操纵 when they were imprisoned囚禁 in their little paddocks围场.
132
419000
6000
当这些鹅住在栅栏中,它们会感觉自己被监禁
07:21
Even though虽然 they were imprisoned囚禁 in this Garden花园 of Eden伊甸园
133
425000
2000
就算是被监禁在这个伊甸园一样美好的地方
07:23
with figs无花果 and everything else其他.
134
427000
1000
到处都是无花果
07:24
He felt like they felt manipulated操纵.
135
428000
2000
他认为它们感觉自己受控
07:26
So he got rid摆脱 of the electricity电力,
136
430000
2000
于是他把电关掉
07:28
he got rid摆脱 of current当前 on the inside
137
432000
3000
把向内的电流关上
07:31
and kept不停 it on the outside,
138
435000
1000
只保留了向外的电流
07:32
so it would protect保护 them against反对 coyotes小狼 and other predators大鳄.
139
436000
3000
让通电栅栏可以保护它们不受小野狼和其它天敌
07:35
Now, what happened发生?
140
439000
2000
然后呢?
07:37
They ate, and he showed显示 me on a chart图表,
141
441000
2000
它们大吃。他给我看图表
07:39
how they ate about 20 percent百分 more feed饲料 to feed饲料 their livers肝脏.
142
443000
5000
它们多吃了百分之二十,喂肥它们的肝
07:44
The landscape景观 is incredible难以置信.
143
448000
2000
这景色非常神奇
07:46
I mean, his farm农场 is incredible难以置信.
144
450000
2000
他的牧场非常神奇
07:48
It really is the Garden花园 of Eden伊甸园.
145
452000
2000
感觉就像伊甸园一样
07:50
There's figs无花果 and everything else其他 there for the taking服用.
146
454000
2000
有无花果和其它食物供应
07:52
And the irony讽刺 of ironies讽刺 is because Extremadura埃斯特雷马杜拉, the area --
147
456000
2000
讽刺中的讽刺是,这个叫艾斯马度华的地方
07:54
what does Extremadura埃斯特雷马杜拉 mean?
148
458000
1000
艾斯马度华是什么意思?
07:55
Extra额外 hard land土地, right?
149
459000
3000
艾斯马度华是“硬地”的意思
07:58
Extra额外 difficult. Extra额外 hard.
150
462000
2000
非常坚硬的土地。
08:00
But over four generations, he and his family家庭
151
464000
2000
但在他的家庭住了四代以后
08:02
have literally按照字面 transformed改造 this extra额外 hard land土地 into a tasting品尝 menu菜单.
152
466000
5000
这块“硬地”变成了可口的菜单
08:07
Upgrades升级 the life for these geese.
153
471000
6000
鹅的生活改善了
08:13
And they are allowed允许 to take whatever随你 they want.
154
477000
2000
它们可以随心所欲的吃自己想吃的
08:15
Another另一个 irony讽刺, the double irony讽刺
155
479000
1000
还有另一个意外
08:16
is that on the figs无花果 and the olives橄榄,
156
480000
1000
那些拿来喂鹅的无花果和橄榄
08:17
Eduardo爱德华多 can make more money selling销售 those
157
481000
3000
如果 Eduardo 卖掉它们
08:20
than he can on the foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝.
158
484000
2000
会比肥鹅肝本身更值钱
08:22
He doesn't care关心.
159
486000
1000
但他不在乎
08:23
He lets让我们 them take what they want and he says,
160
487000
2000
他让它们想吃什么就吃什么,他说
08:25
"Usually平时, it's about 50 percent百分. They're very fair公平."
161
489000
3000
”大概会吃掉一半吧,它们很公平的。“
08:28
The other 50 percent百分, he takes and he sells塞尔斯 and he makes品牌 money on them.
162
492000
3000
他把另外的一半卖掉赚钱
08:31
Part部分 of the income收入 for his farm农场.
163
495000
2000
他牧场收入的一部分
08:33
A big part部分 of his income收入 for his farm农场.
164
497000
2000
很大的一部分
08:35
But he never controls控制 it.
165
499000
2000
但他从来不控制那些鹅
08:37
They get what they want,
166
501000
1000
它们可以吃自己想吃的
08:38
they leave离开 the rest休息 for me and I sell it.
167
502000
3000
我再把它们留给我的卖掉
08:41
His biggest最大 obstacle障碍, really, was the marketplace市井,
168
505000
4000
他最大的困难在市场
08:45
which哪一个 demands需要 these days bright yellow黄色 foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝.
169
509000
5000
市场需求是又黄又亮的鹅肝酱
08:50
That's how I've been trained熟练.
170
514000
1000
我也是被这样训练的
08:51
You want to look and see what good foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝 is,
171
515000
2000
如果你要知道好的鹅肝酱是什么样子
08:53
it's got to be bright yellow黄色.
172
517000
2000
一定得是亮黄色的
08:55
It's the indication迹象 that it's the best最好 foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝.
173
519000
4000
它证明那是最好的鹅肝酱
08:59
Well, because he doesn't force feed饲料,
174
523000
2000
因为他不强制喂食
09:01
because he doesn't gavage灌胃 tons of corn玉米,
175
525000
4000
因为他不强喂大量的玉米
09:05
his livers肝脏 were pretty漂亮 grey灰色.
176
529000
2000
他的鹅肝酱是灰色的
09:07
Or they were.
177
531000
2000
应该说,本来是
09:09
But he found发现 this wild野生 plant called the Lupin羽扇豆 bush衬套.
178
533000
6000
他后来找到了一种叫羽扁豆的野生植物
09:15
The Lupin羽扇豆 bush衬套, it's all around Extremadura埃斯特雷马杜拉.
179
539000
2000
艾斯马度华上到处都是这种羽扁豆
09:17
He let it go to seed种子, he took the seeds种子,
180
541000
2000
他等它结种,他取得种子以后
09:19
he planted种植的 it on his 30 acres, all around.
181
543000
3000
把它种在附近30公顷的土地上
09:22
And the geese love the Lupin羽扇豆 bush衬套.
182
546000
2000
鹅非常喜欢羽扁豆
09:24
Not for the bush衬套, but for the seeds种子.
183
548000
2000
不是它的叶子,而是它的种子
09:26
And when they eat the seeds种子, their foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝 turns yellow黄色.
184
550000
4000
当它们吃下这些种子,鹅肝便变黄
09:30
Radioactive放射性的 yellow黄色.
185
554000
2000
荧光黄
09:32
Bright yellow黄色.
186
556000
2000
亮黄色
09:35
Of the highest最高 quality质量 foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝 yellow黄色 I've ever seen看到.
187
559000
3000
我见过最好的肥鹅肝黄
09:38
(Laughter笑声)
188
562000
3000
(笑声)
09:41
So I'm listening to all this, you know, and I'm like,
189
565000
3000
我听着他说,心想
09:44
is this guy for real真实? Is he making制造 some of this up?
190
568000
3000
他是说真的吗?还是编出来的?
09:47
Is he like, you know -- because he seemed似乎 to have an answer回答 for everything,
191
571000
3000
他好像有一切解答
09:50
and it was always nature性质.
192
574000
2000
而且永远保持天然
09:52
It was never him.
193
576000
2000
而不是人造。
09:54
And I was like, you know, I always get a little, like,
194
578000
4000
我有点 - 你知道
09:58
weirdedweirded out by people who deflect打歪 everything away from themselves他们自己.
195
582000
3000
我总觉得那些对成果却之不恭的人很奇怪
10:01
Because, really, they want you to look at themselves他们自己, right?
196
585000
2000
他们要的不是自我表现吗?
10:03
But he deflected偏转 everything away from his ingenuity创造力
197
587000
2000
但他从未提到他对他的农场
10:05
into working加工 with his landscape景观.
198
589000
3000
所做的这些独出心裁的发明
10:08
So it's like, here I am, I'm on the fence篱笆 about this guy,
199
592000
3000
我就坐在那里,有些狐疑的
10:11
but increasingly日益, eating up his every一切 word.
200
595000
3000
但渐渐地被说服
10:14
And we're sitting坐在 there, and I hear [clapping拍手] from a distance距离, so I look over.
201
598000
6000
我们就坐在那里,我听见不远处……的声音
10:20
And he grabs争夺 my arm and the translator's译者,
202
604000
3000
他抓住我和翻译员的手臂
10:23
and ducks鸭子 us under a bush衬套 and says, "Watch this."
203
607000
2000
拉着我们躲到树丛里,他说“你看。”
10:25
"Shush," he says again for the 500th time to me.
204
609000
2000
“嘘!”他再次提醒我
10:27
"Shush, watch this."
205
611000
3000
“嘘,你看。“
10:30
And this squadron of geese come over.
206
614000
2000
一队鹅飞了过来
10:32
[Clapping拍手]
207
616000
1000
(击掌)
10:33
And they're getting得到 louder, louder, louder, like really loud, right over us.
208
617000
5000
声音越来越大,越来越大,就在我们后方
10:38
And like airport飞机场 traffic交通 control控制, as they start开始 to go past过去 us
209
622000
6000
当它们飞跃我们,感觉就像站在飞机跑道上
10:44
they're called back -- and they're called back and back and back.
210
628000
4000
它们被叫了回来 - 被一次次地叫了回来
10:48
And then they circle around.
211
632000
1000
它们绕着飞
10:49
And his geese are calling调用 up now to the wild野生 geese.
212
633000
3000
他的鹅呼唤着野鹅
10:52
[Clapping拍手]
213
636000
1000
(击掌)
10:53
And the wild野生 geese are calling调用 down.
214
637000
1000
野鹅被叫了下来
10:54
[Clapping拍手]
215
638000
1000
(击掌)
10:55
And it's getting得到 louder and louder and they circle and circle
216
639000
2000
它们绕着绕着,越来越大声
10:57
and they land土地.
217
641000
1000
然后它们降落
10:58
And I'm just saying, "No way."
218
642000
2000
我心想,”这怎么可能。“
11:00
(Laughter笑声)
219
644000
3000
(笑声)
11:03
No way.
220
647000
2000
怎么可能。
11:05
And I look at Eduardo爱德华多, who's谁是 near tears眼泪 looking at this,
221
649000
5000
我看着 Eduardo,他眼眶含泪
11:10
and I say, "You're telling告诉 me that your geese are calling调用 to the wild野生 geese
222
654000
4000
我说“你是说你的鹅在跟这些野鹅说
11:14
to say come for a visit访问?"
223
658000
2000
来拜访我们一下?”
11:16
And he says, "No, no, no.
224
660000
2000
他说“不,不
11:18
They've他们已经 come to stay."
225
662000
3000
它们是来住的。”
11:21
They've他们已经 come to stay?
226
665000
2000
它们要留在这里?
11:23
(Laughter笑声)
227
667000
2000
(笑声)
11:25
It's like the DNA脱氧核糖核酸 of a goose is to fly south in the winter冬季, right?
228
669000
6000
野鹅的基因应该是冬天往南飞啊
11:31
I said that. I said "Isn't that what they're put on this Earth地球 for?
229
675000
3000
我说,“这不是就是它们来到世界上的目的吗?
11:34
To fly south in the winter冬季 and north when it gets得到 warm?"
230
678000
2000
冬天往南,温暖再往北飞?”
11:36
He said, "No, no, no.
231
680000
2000
他说,“不,不,不。
11:38
Their DNA脱氧核糖核酸 is to find the conditions条件 that are conducive有利于 to life.
232
682000
4000
它们的基因是为自己找到一个
11:42
To happiness幸福.
233
686000
3000
快乐生存的方法
11:45
They find it here.
234
689000
2000
它们在这里找到了
11:47
They don't need anything more."
235
691000
2000
它们一无所缺了。”
11:49
They stop. They mate伴侣 with his domesticated geese,
236
693000
4000
它们留下。它们和他的家鹅交配
11:53
and his flock continues继续.
237
697000
3000
他的鹅群继续着
11:56
Think about that for a minute分钟.
238
700000
2000
想一想
11:58
It's brilliant辉煌, right?
239
702000
1000
这不是很妙吗?
11:59
Imagine想像 -- I don't know, imagine想像 a hog farm农场
240
703000
4000
想象在一个猪棚中
12:03
in, like, North Carolina卡罗来纳州,
241
707000
1000
在北卡罗来纳州好了
12:04
and a wild野生 pig comes upon a factory farm农场
242
708000
5000
野猪跑进了一个农业工厂
12:09
and decides决定 to stay.
243
713000
2000
决定定居
12:11
(Laughter笑声)
244
715000
1000
(笑声)
12:12
So how did it taste味道?
245
716000
2000
究竟吃起来怎样呢?
12:14
I finally最后 got to taste味道 it before I left.
246
718000
2000
在我离开前我终于品尝到了
12:16
He took me to his neighborhood邻里 restaurant餐厅
247
720000
3000
他带我去附近的一家餐厅
12:19
and he served提供服务 me some of his foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝, confit糖渍 de foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝.
248
723000
4000
他给了我一些鹅肝酱
12:23
It was incredible难以置信.
249
727000
2000
那真是太美妙了。
12:25
And the problem问题 with saying that, of course课程, is that
250
729000
3000
这么说的问题在
12:28
you know, at this point it risks风险 hyperbole夸张 really easily容易.
251
732000
5000
听上去可能有些夸张
12:33
And I'd like to make a metaphor隐喻, but I don't have one really.
252
737000
4000
我很希望有个合适的比喻,但我没有
12:37
I was drinking this guy's家伙 Kool-Aid库尔急救 so much,
253
741000
3000
我喝了太多他给我灌的迷汤
12:40
he could have served提供服务 me goose feathers羽毛 and I would have been like,
254
744000
4000
他就算给我吃鹅毛我也会说
12:44
this guy's家伙 a genius天才, you know?
255
748000
2000
这家伙是个天才,你知道
12:46
I'm really in love with him at this point.
256
750000
2000
我那时简直爱上他了
12:48
But it truly was the best最好 foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝 of my life.
257
752000
3000
但那的确是我吃过最好吃的鹅肝
12:51
So much so that I don't think I had ever really had foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝 until直到 that moment时刻.
258
755000
4000
到了一种,我认为我从来没有真正吃过鹅肝
12:55
I'd had something that was called foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝.
259
759000
3000
只是一些叫做鹅肝的东西
12:58
But this was transformative变革. Really transformative变革.
260
762000
2000
那改变了我,真的改变了我
13:00
And I say to you, I might威力 not stick to this,
261
764000
4000
我对各位说,虽然有可能不会履行
13:04
but I don't think I'll ever serve服务 foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝 on my menu菜单 again
262
768000
5000
但我想我不会再把鹅肝放到菜单上
13:09
because of that taste味道 experience经验 with Eduardo爱德华多.
263
773000
6000
因为和 Eduardo 的那次美食经验
13:15
It was sweet, it was unctuous油腻的.
264
779000
1000
它甜美,不油腻
13:16
It had all the qualities气质 of foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝,
265
780000
3000
它拥有肥鹅肝该有的一切
13:19
but its fat脂肪 had a lot of integrity廉正 and a lot of honesty诚实.
266
783000
5000
但这些脂肪里却充满着诚实和尊严
13:24
And you could taste味道 herbs草药, you could taste味道 spices香料.
267
788000
3000
你可以吃到香草,你可以吃到香料
13:27
And I kept不停 -- I said, you know, I swear发誓 to God I tasted star anise八角.
268
791000
6000
我发誓我吃到了八角茴香
13:33
I was sure of it.
269
797000
1000
我很确定
13:34
And I'm not like some super taster品酒师, you know?
270
798000
2000
我不是那种舌头很灵的人,你知道
13:36
But I can taste味道 things.
271
800000
2000
但我还是尝得出来
13:38
There's 100 percent百分 star anise八角 in there.
272
802000
2000
我百分之百确定那里有八角茴香的味道
13:40
And he says, "No."
273
804000
2000
他说“没有。“
13:42
And I ended结束 up like going down the spices香料,
274
806000
1000
我努力尝出不同香料
13:43
and finally最后, it was like, OK, salt and pepper胡椒,
275
807000
3000
终于,我说,好,盐和胡椒
13:46
thinking思维 he's salted盐的 and peppered接二连三 his liver.
276
810000
2000
想着他应该在鹅肝里放了盐和胡椒吧
13:48
But no.
277
812000
1000
但没有
13:49
He takes the liver when he harvests收成 the foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝,
278
813000
3000
它把肥鹅肝拿出来
13:52
he sticks them in this jar
279
816000
2000
放进罐子里
13:54
and he confitsconfits it.
280
818000
2000
做浓缩,渍料处理
13:56
No salt, no pepper胡椒, no oil, no spices香料.
281
820000
3000
没有盐,没有胡椒,没有油,没有香料
13:59
What?
282
823000
2000
没有香料?
14:01
We went back out for the final最后 tour游览 of the farm农场,
283
825000
3000
我们最后一次回到农庄
14:04
and he showed显示 me the wild野生 pepper胡椒 plants植物
284
828000
2000
他给我们看那些野生的胡椒
14:06
and the plants植物 that he made制作 sure existed存在 on his farm农场 for salinity盐度.
285
830000
5000
以及他种来保持土地咸度的植物
14:11
He doesn't need salt and pepper胡椒.
286
835000
1000
他不需要盐或胡椒
14:12
And he doesn't need spices香料, because he's got this potpourri花香 of herbs草药 and flavors口味
287
836000
6000
也不需要香料,因为他的鹅就吃他
14:18
that his geese love to gorge峡谷 on.
288
842000
4000
种的这些混合香草
14:22
I turned转身 to him at the end结束 of the meal膳食,
289
846000
1000
饭后我转向他
14:23
and it's a question I asked several一些 times,
290
847000
2000
问他一个我反复问他
14:25
and he hadn't有没有, kind of, answered回答 me directly,
291
849000
2000
他却没有正面回答的问题
14:27
but I said, "Now look, you're in Spain西班牙,
292
851000
3000
我说“你在西班牙,
14:30
some of the greatest最大 chefs厨师 in the world世界 are --
293
854000
2000
这里有全世界最好的厨师
14:32
Ferran费兰 Adria阿德里亚, the preeminent超群 chef厨师 of the world世界 today今天, not that far from you.
294
856000
8000
Ferran Adria,当代最好的厨师,就在你附近
14:40
How come you don't give him this?
295
864000
2000
为什么你没有给他这个?
14:42
How come no one's那些 really heard听说 of you?"
296
866000
3000
为什么你默默无名?”
14:45
And it may可能 be because of the wine红酒,
297
869000
1000
可能是因为酒的关系
14:46
or it may可能 be because of my excitement激动,
298
870000
1000
可能是因为我的兴奋
14:47
he answered回答 me directly and he said, "Because chefs厨师 don't deserve值得 my foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝."
299
871000
5000
他直接回答我说:因为厨师配不上我的肥鹅肝。
14:52
(Laughter笑声)
300
876000
3000
(笑声)
14:55
And he was right.
301
879000
1000
他说的是对的
14:56
He was right.
302
880000
1000
是对的
14:57
Chefs厨师 take foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝 and they make it their own拥有.
303
881000
4000
厨师们用肥鹅肝做自己想要的
15:01
They create创建 a dish
304
885000
2000
把它变成一道菜。
15:03
where all the vectors矢量 point at us.
305
887000
4000
但我们今天所得到的这一切
15:07
With Eduardo爱德华多 it's about the expression表达 of nature性质.
306
891000
5000
都是 Eduardo 力求天然的成果
15:12
And as he said, I think fittingly恰当,
307
896000
4000
他说
15:16
it's a gift礼品 from God, with God saying, you've doneDONE good work.
308
900000
6000
这是来自上天的礼物,上天说:你做得好。
15:22
Simple简单.
309
906000
1000
就是这样。
15:24
I flew home, I'm on the flight飞行 with my little black黑色 book
310
908000
2000
在回程飞机上,我打开我黑色的小笔记本
15:26
and I took, you know, pages网页 and pages网页 of notes笔记 about it.
311
910000
3000
里面写满了一页又一页的笔记
15:29
I really was moved移动.
312
913000
2000
我非常感动
15:31
And in the corner of one of these -- one of my notes笔记,
313
915000
5000
在这些笔记的其中一个角落
15:36
is this note注意 that says, when asked,
314
920000
4000
我写道,当他被问到对于
15:40
what do you think of conventional常规 foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝?
315
924000
1000
今日一般人所吃的肥鹅肝
15:41
What do you think of foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝 that
316
925000
1000
那些世界上百分之99.99999
15:42
99.99999 percent百分 of the world世界 eats?
317
926000
5000
的人所吃的肥鹅肝有什么意见?
15:47
He said, "I think it's an insult侮辱 to history历史."
318
931000
3000
他说“我认为那是污辱历史。”
15:50
And I wrote, insult侮辱 to history历史.
319
934000
3000
我写着:对历史的污辱。
15:53
I'm on the plane平面 and I'm just tearing撕裂 my hair头发 out.
320
937000
2000
我在飞机上感觉悔恨万分
15:55
It's like, why didn't I follow跟随 up on that?
321
939000
1000
为什么我没追问下去?
15:56
What the hell地狱 does that mean?
322
940000
1000
他为什么这么说?
15:57
Insult侮辱 to history历史.
323
941000
3000
对历史的污辱
16:00
So I did some research研究 when I got back,
324
944000
2000
于是我回去着手做了一些研究
16:02
and here's这里的 what I found发现.
325
946000
2000
这些是我找到的资料
16:04
The history历史 of foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝.
326
948000
1000
肥鹅肝的历史
16:05
Jews犹太人 invented发明 foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝.
327
949000
4000
犹太人发明了肥鹅肝
16:09
True真正 story故事.
328
953000
1000
千真万确
16:10
True真正 story故事.
329
954000
1000
千真万确
16:11
By accident事故.
330
955000
2000
是意外发现的
16:13
They were looking for an alternative替代 to schmaltz伤感.
331
957000
4000
他们在找鸡油的替代品
16:17
Gotten得到 sick生病 of the chicken fat脂肪.
332
961000
1000
因为吃腻了鸡油
16:18
They were looking for an alternative替代.
333
962000
1000
他们开始找寻一些替代品
16:19
And they saw in the fall秋季 that there was this natural自然,
334
963000
2000
在秋天的时候他们发现了这全天然
16:21
beautiful美丽, sweet, delicious美味的 fat脂肪 from geese.
335
965000
4000
甜美,可口的鹅脂肪
16:25
And they slaughtered屠宰 them, used the fat脂肪 throughout始终 the winter冬季 for cooking烹饪.
336
969000
4000
他们把鹅杀了,整个冬天就用这油来煮
16:29
The Pharaoh老王 got wind of this --
337
973000
2000
法老听说了
16:31
This is true真正, right off the Internet互联网.
338
975000
2000
这千真万确,我从互联网上找的
16:33
The Pharaoh老王 got -- (Laughter笑声)
339
977000
3000
法老听 (笑声)
16:36
I swear发誓 to God.
340
980000
2000
我对神发誓
16:38
(Laughter笑声)
341
982000
1000
(笑声)
16:39
The Pharaoh老王 got wind of this and wanted to taste味道 it.
342
983000
4000
埃及法老听说了,想要尝尝看
16:43
He tasted it and fell下跌 in love with it.
343
987000
2000
他尝了,爱上了这个滋味
16:45
He started开始 demanding严格 it.
344
989000
1000
他开始要求厨房提供给他
16:46
And he didn't want it just in the fall秋季, he wanted it all year round回合.
345
990000
3000
不止在秋天,他全年都要
16:49
And he demanded要求 that the Jews犹太人 supply供应 enough足够 for everyone大家.
346
993000
4000
他要求犹太人要让每个人都能吃到
16:53
And the Jews犹太人, fearing担心 for their life,
347
997000
2000
担心自己生命安全的犹太人
16:55
had to come up with an ingenious巧妙 idea理念,
348
999000
2000
想出了一个前所未有的点子
16:57
or at least最小 try and satisfy满足 the Pharaoh's法老的 wishes祝福, of course课程.
349
1001000
4000
尝试满足埃及法老的要求
17:01
And they invented发明, what? Gavage灌胃.
350
1005000
2000
他们发明了 - 强喂法
17:03
They invented发明 gavage灌胃 in a great moment时刻 of fear恐惧 for their lives生活,
351
1007000
8000
他们是在生命威胁下发明强喂法的
17:11
and they provided提供 the Pharaoh老王 with gavage灌胃 liver,
352
1015000
3000
他们把喂肥了的肝献给埃及法老
17:14
and the good stuff东东 they kept不停 for themselves他们自己.
353
1018000
2000
然后把好的部分留下给自己
17:16
Supposedly按说, anyway无论如何. I believe that one.
354
1020000
3000
应该是,至少我相信
17:19
That's the history历史 of foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝.
355
1023000
3000
这就是肥鹅肝的来源
17:22
And if you think about it,
356
1026000
1000
如果我们思考
17:23
it's the history历史 of industrial产业 agriculture农业.
357
1027000
5000
农业产业化的历史
17:28
It's the history历史 of what we eat today今天.
358
1032000
3000
就是我们今日食物的历史
17:31
Most of what we eat today今天.
359
1035000
2000
今天我们所吃的食物大部分都是
17:33
Mega-farms大型养殖场, feed饲料 lots, chemical化学 amendments修订,
360
1037000
4000
巨型农场、集体喂食、化学改良
17:37
long-distance远距离 travel旅行, food餐饮 processing处理.
361
1041000
3000
长距离的运送过程,工厂处理
17:40
All of it, our food餐饮 system系统.
362
1044000
2000
全在我们的食物系统里
17:42
That's also an insult侮辱 to history历史.
363
1046000
4000
这也是对历史的污辱
17:46
It's an insult侮辱 to the basic基本 laws法律 of nature性质
364
1050000
4000
对自然法则的污辱
17:50
and of biology生物学.
365
1054000
4000
以及对生物的污辱
17:54
Whether是否 we're talking about beef牛肉 cattle黄牛
366
1058000
3000
无论是肉牛
17:57
or we're talking about chickens,
367
1061000
3000
18:00
or we're talking about broccoli西兰花 or Brussels布鲁塞尔 sprouts豆芽,
368
1064000
4000
花椰菜或是抱子甘蓝
18:04
or in the case案件 of this morning's上午的 New York纽约 Times, catfish鲶鱼 --
369
1068000
4000
或是今天早上纽约时报的报导 - 鲶鱼
18:09
which哪一个 wholesale批发 are going out of business商业.
370
1073000
4000
的批发商的经营失利
18:13
Whatever随你 it is, it's a mindset心态 that is reminiscent让人联想起 of General一般 Motors汽车.
371
1077000
5000
无论如何,这就像通用汽车
18:18
It's rooted in extraction萃取.
372
1082000
3000
都是需索无度
18:21
Take more, sell more, waste浪费 more.
373
1085000
3000
拿取,贩卖,浪费
18:24
And for the future未来 it won't惯于 serve服务 us.
374
1088000
4000
在未来这些都不再存在
18:28
Jonas乔纳斯 Salk索尔克 has a great quote引用.
375
1092000
2000
Jonas Saik 说过一金句
18:30
He said, "If all the insects昆虫 disappeared消失,
376
1094000
2000
他说“如果所有昆虫消失
18:32
life on Earth地球 as we know it would disappear消失 within 50 years年份.
377
1096000
7000
我们所知道的地球万物在50年内会全部消失,
18:39
If human人的 beings众生 disappeared消失, life on Earth地球 as we know it would flourish繁荣."
378
1103000
7000
如果人类消失,地球万物会蓬勃生长。”
18:46
And he's right.
379
1110000
2000
他是对的
18:50
We need now to adopt采用 a new conception概念 of agriculture农业.
380
1114000
6000
我们需要接受一种新的农业概念
18:56
Really new.
381
1120000
1000
完全崭新
18:57
One in which哪一个 we stop treating治疗 the planet行星
382
1121000
3000
我们不能再把地球
19:00
as if it were some kind of business商业 in liquidation清算.
383
1124000
4000
当作一个几乎破产的公司
19:04
And stop degrading降解 resources资源 under the guise伪装 of
384
1128000
4000
停止利用便宜食物之名来
19:08
cheap低廉 food餐饮.
385
1132000
2000
浪费资源
19:10
We can start开始 by looking to farmers农民 like Eduardo爱德华多.
386
1134000
4000
我们可以以 Eduardo 这样的农夫为例子
19:14
Farmers农民 that rely依靠 on nature性质
387
1138000
1000
农夫靠天吃饭
19:15
for solutions解决方案, for answers答案,
388
1139000
4000
靠自然提供答案
19:19
rather than imposing威风 solutions解决方案 on nature性质.
389
1143000
3000
与其勉强自然接受人为的解答
19:22
Listening听力 as Janine珍妮 Benyus班娜斯,
390
1146000
2000
我最喜欢的作家和思想家
19:24
one of my favorite喜爱 writers作家 and thinkers思想家 about this topic话题 says,
391
1148000
3000
Janine Benyus 这么说
19:27
"Listening听力 to nature's大自然 operating操作 instructions说明."
392
1151000
3000
“遵照自然的使用说明”
19:30
That's what Eduardo爱德华多 does, and does so brilliantly出色.
393
1154000
3000
这就是 Eduardo 所达成的
19:33
And what he showed显示 me and what he can show显示 all of us, I think,
394
1157000
2000
他显示给我们我们在场每个人,包括我,看的
19:35
is that the great thing for chefs厨师, the great blessing祝福 for chefs厨师,
395
1159000
7000
对厨师和那些关系食物和厨艺的人们
19:42
and for people that care关心 about food餐饮 and cooking烹饪,
396
1166000
7000
来说最好的事是
19:49
is that the most ecological生态 choice选择 for food餐饮
397
1173000
3000
最符合自然的食物选择
19:52
is also the most ethical合乎道德的 choice选择 for food餐饮.
398
1176000
3000
也是最符合伦理道德的食物选择
19:55
Whether是否 we're talking about Brussels布鲁塞尔 sprouts豆芽 or foie鹅肝 gras鹅肝.
399
1179000
3000
无论我们讨论的是抱子甘蓝还是肥鹅肝
19:58
And it's also almost几乎 always, and I haven't没有 found发现 an example otherwise除此以外,
400
1182000
4000
几乎总是,我从未发现其它可能
20:02
but almost几乎 always, the most delicious美味的 choice选择.
401
1186000
5000
这也是最美味的选择
20:07
That's serendipitous偶然.
402
1191000
1000
浑然天成。
20:08
Thank you.
403
1192000
1000
谢谢。
20:09
(Applause掌声)
404
1193000
6000
(掌声)
Translated by Coco Shen
Reviewed by Geoff Chen

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Barber - Chef
Dan Barber is a chef and a scholar -- relentlessly pursuing the stories and reasons behind the foods we grow and eat.

Why you should listen

Dan Barber is the chef at New York's Blue Hill restaurant, and Blue Hill at Stone Barns in Westchester, where he practices a kind of close-to-the-land cooking married to agriculture and stewardship of the earth. As described on Chez Pim: "Stone Barns is only 45 minutes from Manhattan, but it might as well be a whole different universe. A model of self-sufficiency and environmental responsibility, Stone Barns is a working farm, ranch, and a three-Michelin-star-worthy restaurant." It's a vision of a new kind of food chain.

Barber's philosophy of food focuses on pleasure and thoughtful conservation -- on knowing where the food on your plate comes from and the unseen forces that drive what we eat. He's written on US agricultural policies, asking for a new vision that does not throw the food chain out of balance by subsidizing certain crops at the expense of more appropriate ones.

In 2009, Barber received the James Beard award for America's Outstanding Chef, and was named one of the world's most influential people in Time’s annual "Time 100" list. In 2014 he published The Third Plate: Field Notes on the Future of Food.

More profile about the speaker
Dan Barber | Speaker | TED.com