ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Byrne - Musician, artist, writer
David Byrne builds an idiosyncratic world of music, art, writing and film.

Why you should listen

Musician, author, filmmaker, curator, conservationist, digital music theorist, bicycle advocate, urban designer, visual artist, humanist ... David Byrne has many ways of expressing himself -- all of them heartfelt, authentic and thought-provoking.

From his groundbreaking recording career, first with Talking Heads and then as a solo artist and collaborator, to his recent use of digital media to connnect his creations to the world, he has been meshing art and technology to create jaw-dropping, soulful masterpieces that tell a story, and often invoke his audience to create some masterpieces of their own. In a recent art installation, Playing the Building, Byrne transformed an empty building into a musical instrument, and then invited visitors to play it. 

His book Bicycle Diaries is a journal of what he thought and experienced while cycling through the cities of the world. And his 2012 book How Music Works expands on his 2010 TEDTalk to imagine how music is shaped by its time and place. 

In David Byrne's 2010 TEDTalk, the image of CBGB comes from Joseph O. Holmes' CBGB series >>  

More profile about the speaker
David Byrne | Speaker | TED.com
TED2010

David Byrne: How architecture helped music evolve

David Byrne:建筑如何促进音乐演变

Filmed:
1,675,829 views

随着其事业的发展,David Byrne从CBGB(纽约传奇摇滚音乐俱乐部)走进了卡内基音乐厅。他提出问题:地点能否塑造音乐?从户外鼓,到瓦格纳音乐剧,再到舞台摇滚,他探索了环境背景如何推进音乐创新。
- Musician, artist, writer
David Byrne builds an idiosyncratic world of music, art, writing and film. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
This is the venue会场
0
1000
2000
就是这个地方
00:18
where, as a young年轻 man,
1
3000
2000
那时我还年轻
00:20
some of the music音乐 that I wrote was first performed执行.
2
5000
3000
我的音乐首演就是在这里
00:23
It was, remarkably异常,
3
8000
2000
特别强调一下,这是一个
00:25
a pretty漂亮 good sounding听起来 room房间.
4
10000
2000
声音效果非常棒的房间
00:27
With all the uneven不均匀的 walls墙壁 and all the crap掷骰子 everywhere到处,
5
12000
2000
墙面凹凸不平,到处都是垃圾
00:29
it actually其实 sounded满面 pretty漂亮 good.
6
14000
2000
它的音效实际上却非常不错
00:31
This is a song歌曲 that was recorded记录 there.
7
16000
3000
这首歌就是在那里录制的
00:34
(Music音乐)
8
19000
2000
(音乐)
00:36
This is not Talking Heads元首,
9
21000
3000
不过照片里的
00:39
in the picture图片 anyway无论如何.
10
24000
2000
还不是传声头像(著名摇滚乐队)
00:41
(Music音乐: "A Clean清洁 Break打破 (Let's Work)" by Talking Heads元首)
11
26000
8000
(音乐:"A Clean Break (Let's Work)" 传声头像)
00:49
So the nature性质 of the room房间
12
34000
2000
这房间的结构
00:51
meant意味着 that words could be understood了解.
13
36000
2000
让吐字变得易于理解
00:53
The lyrics歌词 of the songs歌曲 could be pretty漂亮 much understood了解.
14
38000
2000
歌词很容易听清
00:55
The sound声音 system系统 was kind of decent正经.
15
40000
3000
音响系统相当不错
00:58
And there wasn't a lot of reverberation混响 in the room房间.
16
43000
3000
房间里的混响也不太大
01:01
So the rhythms节奏
17
46000
2000
因此旋律
01:03
could be pretty漂亮 intact完整 too,
18
48000
2000
保存得相当完好
01:05
pretty漂亮 concise简洁.
19
50000
2000
相当凝练
01:07
Other places地方 around the country国家 had similar类似 rooms客房.
20
52000
2000
国内还有很多地方有这样的房间
01:09
This is Tootsie's窈窕淑男的 Orchid兰花 Lounge休息室 in Nashville纳什维尔.
21
54000
3000
这是纳什维尔的Tootsie's Orchid Lounge
01:12
The music音乐 was in some ways方法 different不同,
22
57000
2000
这里的音乐有些不同
01:14
but in structure结构体 and form形成,
23
59000
3000
但结构和形式
01:17
very much the same相同.
24
62000
2000
却很相似
01:19
The clientele客户 behavior行为 was very much the same相同 too.
25
64000
3000
客人的行为习惯也很类似
01:24
And so the bands at Tootsie's窈窕淑男的
26
69000
2000
因此在Tootsie's和
01:26
or at CBGB'sCBGB的
27
71000
2000
CBGB(纽约传奇摇滚音乐俱乐部)里表演的乐队
01:28
had to play loud enough足够 --
28
73000
3000
都必须演奏得非常大声——
01:31
the volume had to be loud enough足够 to overcome克服
29
76000
2000
音量要大得足以压过
01:33
people falling落下 down, shouting叫喊 out
30
78000
2000
人们跌倒、大吼大叫
01:35
and doing whatever随你 else其他 they were doing.
31
80000
2000
或者发出的其他声音
01:37
Since以来 then, I've played发挥 other places地方
32
82000
2000
在那以后,我还在其他
01:39
that are much nicer更好.
33
84000
2000
更高级的场所表演过
01:41
I've played发挥 the Disney迪士尼 Hall大厅 here
34
86000
3000
我在这里的迪斯尼音乐厅
01:44
and Carnegie卡内基 Hall大厅 and places地方 like that.
35
89000
3000
或是卡内基音乐厅之类的地方演奏过
01:47
And it's been very exciting扣人心弦.
36
92000
2000
都是激动人心的经历
01:49
But I also noticed注意到 that sometimes有时 the music音乐
37
94000
2000
但我也发现,有时候
01:51
that I had written书面,
38
96000
2000
我之前
01:53
or was writing写作 at the time,
39
98000
2000
或是当时谱写的歌曲
01:55
didn't sound声音 all that great
40
100000
2000
在其中的一些音乐厅
01:57
in some of those halls大厅.
41
102000
2000
表现得并不理想
01:59
We managed管理,
42
104000
2000
我们尽量做了调整
02:01
but sometimes有时 those halls大厅 didn't seem似乎 exactly究竟 suited合适的
43
106000
3000
但有些时候,那些地方
02:04
to the music音乐 I was making制造
44
109000
2000
和我创作的音乐
02:06
or had made制作.
45
111000
2000
就是显得不太协调
02:08
So I asked myself:
46
113000
2000
我问自己
02:10
Do I write stuff东东
47
115000
1000
我是不是在为着什么特定的场所
02:11
for specific具体 rooms客房?
48
116000
2000
进行创作呢?
02:13
Do I have a place地点, a venue会场,
49
118000
2000
在我创作时,脑海中
02:15
in mind心神 when I write?
50
120000
2000
是不是有一个地点、一个场所呢?
02:17
Is that a kind of model模型 for creativity创造力?
51
122000
2000
这算不算是一种创作模式呢?
02:19
Do we all make things with
52
124000
2000
我们创作时是不是
02:21
a venue会场, a context上下文, in mind心神?
53
126000
3000
脑海中都有着某个场所、某个情境?
02:25
Okay, Africa非洲.
54
130000
2000
好了,这是非洲
02:27
(Music音乐: "WenlengaWenlenga" / Various各个 artists艺术家)
55
132000
7000
(音乐: "Wenlenga" / 多名艺术家)
02:34
Most of the popular流行 music音乐 that we know now
56
139000
3000
当今我们所知的大部分流行音乐
02:37
has a big part部分 of its roots in West西 Africa非洲.
57
142000
3000
有很大一部分是源于西非的
02:40
And the music音乐 there,
58
145000
2000
而这里的音乐
02:42
I would say, the instruments仪器,
59
147000
2000
要我说,这乐器
02:44
the intricate错综复杂 rhythms节奏,
60
149000
2000
这复杂的节奏
02:46
the way it's played发挥, the setting设置, the context上下文,
61
151000
3000
演奏的方式,背景,情境
02:49
it's all perfect完善. It all works作品 perfect完善.
62
154000
2000
一切都很完美,协调得天衣无缝
02:51
The music音乐 works作品 perfectly完美 in that setting设置.
63
156000
3000
在那种背景下,这样的音乐是完美的
02:54
There's no big room房间
64
159000
2000
没有大房间
02:56
to create创建 reverberation混响 and confuse迷惑 the rhythms节奏.
65
161000
3000
制造混响,干扰节奏
02:59
The instruments仪器 are loud enough足够
66
164000
2000
乐器的声音也够大
03:01
that they can be heard听说 without amplification放大, etc等等., etc等等.
67
166000
2000
即使没有功放之类的设备也能听得一清二楚
03:03
It's no accident事故.
68
168000
2000
这不是偶然的
03:05
It's perfect完善 for that particular特定 context上下文.
69
170000
3000
这音乐只在特定情境下才表现得如此完美
03:08
And it would be a mess食堂
70
173000
2000
如果改成这样的场所
03:10
in a context上下文 like this. This is a gothic哥特 cathedral大教堂.
71
175000
3000
那就会一团糟。这是一座哥特式大教堂
03:13
(Music音乐: "SpemSPEM In AliumAlium" by Thomas托马斯 Tallis塔利斯)
72
178000
6000
(音乐:"Spem In Alium" 托马斯·塔利斯)
03:19
In a gothic哥特 cathedral大教堂, this kind of music音乐 is perfect完善.
73
184000
3000
在哥特式大教堂,这类的音乐才是完美的
03:25
It doesn't change更改 key, the notes笔记 are long,
74
190000
2000
不改变音调,音符拖得很长
03:27
there's almost几乎 no rhythm韵律 whatsoever任何,
75
192000
3000
基本上没有节奏
03:32
and the room房间 flatters奉承 the music音乐.
76
197000
2000
而这个房间则为音乐锦上添花
03:34
It actually其实 improves提高 it.
77
199000
2000
实际上,它提升了音乐
03:36
This is the room房间 that Bach过独身生活
78
201000
2000
这里是巴赫为其
03:38
wrote some of his music音乐 for. This is the organ器官.
79
203000
3000
创作乐曲的地方。这是管风琴
03:41
It's not as big as a gothic哥特 cathedral大教堂,
80
206000
2000
这里并没有哥特式大教堂那么大
03:43
so he can write things that are a little bit more intricate错综复杂.
81
208000
3000
所以他可以创作更繁复的作品
03:46
He can, very innovatively创新,
82
211000
2000
他可以标新立异
03:48
actually其实 change更改 keys按键
83
213000
2000
改变调子
03:50
without risking冒着 huge巨大 dissonances不和谐音.
84
215000
2000
而不会发生不协和和音
03:52
(Music音乐: "Fantasia幻想曲 On JesuJESU, Mein炒面 FreundeFreunde" by Johann约翰 S. Bach过独身生活)
85
217000
8000
(音乐:"Fantasia On Jesu, Mein Freunde" 约翰·S·巴赫)
04:00
This is a little bit later后来.
86
225000
2000
这是晚些时候
04:02
This is the kind of rooms客房 that Mozart莫扎特 wrote in.
87
227000
3000
类似莫扎特创作时所在的房间
04:05
I think we're in like 1770, somewhere某处 around there.
88
230000
3000
我想大概是1770年左右的建筑
04:08
They're smaller, even less reverberant混响,
89
233000
2000
它们空间更小,混响也更小
04:10
so he can write really frilly褶边 music音乐
90
235000
2000
所以他能作出可谓华丽的曲子
04:12
that's very intricate错综复杂 -- and it works作品.
91
237000
3000
他的音乐非常繁复——而且效果甚佳
04:16
(Music音乐: "Sonata奏鸣曲 in F," KVKV 13, by Wolfgang沃尔夫冈 A. Mozart莫扎特)
92
241000
2000
(音乐:"F小调奏鸣曲" 乌夫冈·A·莫扎特)
04:19
It fits适合 the room房间 perfectly完美.
93
244000
2000
它完美地契合了这个房间
04:25
This is La Scala斯卡拉.
94
250000
2000
这是斯卡啦剧院(位于意大利米兰)
04:27
It's around the same相同 time,
95
252000
2000
它和之前的那个房间差不多建造于同一时期
04:29
I think it was built内置 around 1776.
96
254000
2000
我想大概建于1776年
04:31
People in the audience听众 in these opera歌剧 houses房屋, when they were built内置,
97
256000
3000
在歌剧院建成的时期
04:34
they used to yell叫喊 out to one another另一个.
98
259000
2000
里面的听众常常互相嚷嚷
04:36
They used to eat, drink and yell叫喊 out to people on the stage阶段,
99
261000
3000
他们经常一边大吃大喝,一边和舞台上的人大喊大叫
04:39
just like they do at CBGB'sCBGB的 and places地方 like that.
100
264000
2000
就像CBGB这类场所的观众一样
04:41
If they liked喜欢 an aria咏叹调,
101
266000
2000
如果他们喜欢其中一段咏叹调
04:43
they would holler抱怨 and suggest建议
102
268000
2000
会大喊着建议
04:45
that it be doneDONE again as an encore安可,
103
270000
2000
这一段再演一次
04:47
not at the end结束 of the show显示, but immediately立即.
104
272000
3000
不是在演出最后再演一次,而是马上重演
04:50
(Laughter笑声)
105
275000
3000
(笑声)
04:54
And well, that was an opera歌剧 experience经验.
106
279000
3000
嗯,那就是看歌剧的经验之谈
04:57
This is the opera歌剧 house that Wagner瓦格纳 built内置 for himself他自己.
107
282000
3000
这是瓦格纳自己建造的歌剧院
05:01
And the size尺寸 of the room房间 is not that big.
108
286000
3000
剧院的规模不是很大
05:04
It's smaller than this.
109
289000
2000
比这里要小
05:06
But Wagner瓦格纳 made制作 an innovation革新.
110
291000
2000
但是瓦格纳进行了革新
05:08
He wanted a bigger band.
111
293000
2000
他想要一支更大的乐队
05:10
He wanted a little more bombast豪语,
112
295000
2000
多一点浮华的感觉
05:12
so he increased增加 the size尺寸 of the orchestra乐队 pit
113
297000
2000
于是他增加了乐池的面积
05:14
so he could get more low-end低端 instruments仪器 in there.
114
299000
3000
这样就可以容纳更多的低音乐器
05:17
(Music音乐: "Lohengrin罗恩格林 / Prelude序幕 to Act法案 IIIIII" by Richard理查德 Wagner瓦格纳)
115
302000
10000
(音乐:"罗恩格林/第三幕序曲" 理查德·瓦格纳)
05:27
Okay.
116
312000
2000
好了
05:30
This is Carnegie卡内基 Hall大厅.
117
315000
3000
这是卡内基音乐厅
05:33
Obviously明显, this kind of thing became成为 popular流行.
118
318000
2000
这类的建筑显然已经流行起来
05:35
The halls大厅 got bigger. Carnegie卡内基 Hall's霍尔 fair-sized相当规模.
119
320000
3000
音乐厅规模更大。卡内基音乐厅的大小和集市差不多
05:38
It's larger than some of the other symphony交响乐 halls大厅.
120
323000
3000
比一些交响乐厅还大
05:41
And they're a lot more reverberant混响
121
326000
2000
那里的混响比
05:43
than La Scala斯卡拉.
122
328000
2000
斯卡拉剧院的更大
05:45
Around the same相同,
123
330000
2000
与此同时
05:47
according根据 to Alex亚历克斯 Ross罗斯 who writes for the New Yorker纽约客,
124
332000
3000
根据Alex Ross给《纽约客》所写的文章可以看出
05:50
this kind of rule规则 came来了 into effect影响
125
335000
3000
这样的规则孕育而生:
05:53
that audiences观众 had to be quiet安静 --
126
338000
2000
观众必须保持安静
05:55
no more eating, drinking and yelling大呼小叫 at the stage阶段,
127
340000
2000
在演出的过程中,不能再吃吃喝喝
05:57
or gossiping闲聊 with one another另一个
128
342000
2000
向舞台上大喊大叫
05:59
during the show显示.
129
344000
2000
或者和别人交头接耳
06:01
They had to be very quiet安静.
130
346000
2000
他们必须非常安静
06:03
So those two things combined结合 meant意味着 that
131
348000
2000
结合这两件事来看
06:05
a different不同 kind of music音乐
132
350000
2000
有一种不同类型的音乐
06:07
worked工作 best最好 in these kind of halls大厅.
133
352000
3000
在这样的音乐厅中效果最好
06:10
It meant意味着 that there could be extreme极端 dynamics动力学,
134
355000
2000
它可以气势磅礴
06:12
which哪一个 there weren't in some of these
135
357000
2000
这是之前某些
06:14
other kinds of music音乐.
136
359000
2000
种类的音乐所不具有的
06:16
Quiet安静 parts部分 could be heard听说
137
361000
2000
安静的部分也听得到
06:18
that would have been drowned淹死的 out
138
363000
2000
虽然很容易被
06:20
by all the gossiping闲聊 and shouting叫喊.
139
365000
2000
悄悄话和叫喊声淹没
06:22
But because of the reverberation混响
140
367000
2000
但由于混响的关系
06:24
in those rooms客房 like Carnegie卡内基 Hall大厅,
141
369000
2000
在卡内基音乐厅之类的地方
06:26
the music音乐 had to be maybe a little less rhythmic有板有眼
142
371000
2000
音乐的节奏得稍微降低
06:28
and a little more textural纹理.
143
373000
2000
质地却稍微提高
06:30
(Music音乐: "Symphony交响乐 No. 8 in E Flat平面 Major重大的" by Gustav古斯塔夫 Mahler马勒)
144
375000
3000
(音乐:“降E大调第八交响曲” 古斯塔夫·马勒)
06:33
This is Mahler马勒.
145
378000
2000
这是马勒
06:36
It looks容貌 like Bob短发 Dylan迪伦, but it's Mahler马勒.
146
381000
2000
虽然看上去像鲍勃·迪伦,但这确实是马勒
06:41
That was Bob's鲍勃的 last record记录, yeah.
147
386000
3000
哈,这是鲍勃的最后一张唱片
06:44
(Laughter笑声)
148
389000
2000
(笑声)
06:47
Popular流行 music音乐, coming未来 along沿 at the same相同 time.
149
392000
3000
流行音乐同时也诞生了
06:50
This is a jazz爵士乐 band.
150
395000
2000
这是一支爵士乐队
06:52
According根据 to Scott斯科特 Joplin乔普林, the bands were playing播放
151
397000
3000
据斯科特·乔普林所说,这支乐队曾经
06:55
on riverboats河船 and clubs会所.
152
400000
2000
在游船和夜总会中表演过
06:57
Again, it's noisy嘈杂. They're playing播放 for dancers舞者.
153
402000
2000
这一次的环境又很嘈杂。他们为跳舞的人伴奏
06:59
There's certain某些 sections部分 of the song歌曲 -- the songs歌曲 had different不同 sections部分
154
404000
3000
有些段落舞者特别喜欢
07:02
that the dancers舞者 really liked喜欢.
155
407000
2000
——一首歌中有好几个段落
07:04
And they'd他们会 say, "Play that part部分 again."
156
409000
2000
他们会说:“把那部分再演奏一次。”
07:06
Well, there's only so many许多 times
157
411000
2000
有很多时候
07:08
you can play the same相同 section部分 of a song歌曲 over and over again for the dancers舞者.
158
413000
3000
为了满足舞者,你会一次又一次地演奏同一个段落
07:11
So the bands started开始 to improvise凑合 new melodies旋律.
159
416000
3000
因此,乐队开始即兴创作新的曲子
07:14
And a new form形成 of music音乐 was born天生.
160
419000
2000
一种音乐的新类型诞生了
07:16
(Music音乐: "Royal王室的 Garden花园 Blues蓝调" by W.C. Handy便利 / Ethel埃塞尔 Waters水域)
161
421000
10000
(音乐:"皇家花园蓝调" W.C. Handy / Ethel Waters)
07:26
These are played发挥 mainly主要 in small rooms客房.
162
431000
3000
爵士乐主要在空间较小的室内演奏
07:30
People are dancing跳舞, shouting叫喊 and drinking.
163
435000
2000
人们跳舞、叫喊、畅饮
07:32
So the music音乐 has to be loud enough足够
164
437000
2000
所以,音乐的声音必须够大
07:34
to be heard听说 above以上 that.
165
439000
2000
盖过别的声音
07:36
Same相同 thing goes true真正 for -- that's the beginning开始 of the century世纪 --
166
441000
3000
有些事情成真了。——那是在这个世纪之初
07:39
for the whole整个 of 20th-centuryTH-世纪 popular流行 music音乐,
167
444000
3000
对整个20世纪的流行音乐来说
07:42
whether是否 it's rock or Latin拉丁 music音乐 or whatever随你.
168
447000
2000
无论是摇滚还是拉丁音乐
07:44
[Live生活 music音乐] doesn't really change更改 that much.
169
449000
3000
对音乐的改变都不是很大
07:47
It changes变化 about a third第三 of the way into the 20th century世纪,
170
452000
3000
但当它成为音乐的主要媒介之一后
07:50
when this became成为
171
455000
3000
在20世纪的前30年间
07:53
one of the primary venues场馆 for music音乐.
172
458000
3000
流行音乐就发生了很大改变
07:56
And this was one way
173
461000
2000
而这是音乐传播到那里的
07:58
that the music音乐 got there.
174
463000
2000
方法之一
08:00
Microphones话筒 enabled启用 singers歌手, in particular特定,
175
465000
3000
麦克风完全改变了
08:03
and musicians音乐家 and composers作曲家,
176
468000
2000
音乐家、作曲家
08:05
to completely全然 change更改 the kind of music音乐
177
470000
2000
特别是歌手
08:07
that they were writing写作.
178
472000
2000
创作的作品
08:09
So far, a lot of the stuff东东 that was on the radio无线电 was live生活 music音乐,
179
474000
3000
迄今为止,收音机上大多播放的都是现场演奏
08:12
but singers歌手, like Frank坦率 Sinatra西纳特拉,
180
477000
3000
但有些歌手,比如法兰克·辛纳屈(Frank Sinatra)
08:15
could use the micMIC
181
480000
2000
可以用麦克风
08:17
and do things
182
482000
2000
制造一些
08:19
that they could never do without a microphone麦克风.
183
484000
3000
不用麦克风根本无法达到的效果
08:22
Other singers歌手 after him
184
487000
2000
在他之后,更有一些歌手
08:24
went even further进一步.
185
489000
2000
把这种做法发扬光大
08:26
(Music音乐: "My Funny滑稽 Valentine情人节" by Chet切特 Baker面包师傅)
186
491000
7000
(音乐:"My Funny Valentine" Chet Baker)
08:33
This is Chet切特 Baker面包师傅.
187
498000
2000
这是Chet Baker(著名爵士乐手)
08:35
And this kind of thing
188
500000
2000
这种效果
08:37
would have been impossible不可能 without a microphone麦克风.
189
502000
2000
没有麦克风绝对做不出来
08:39
It would have been impossible不可能 without recorded记录 music音乐 as well.
190
504000
3000
如果没有录成唱片,那也无法达到
08:42
And he's singing唱歌 right into your ear.
191
507000
2000
他就在你的耳畔歌唱
08:44
He's whispering耳语 into your ears耳朵.
192
509000
2000
在你的耳畔低语
08:46
The effect影响 is just electric电动.
193
511000
2000
这种效果就像过了电一样
08:48
It's like the guy is sitting坐在 next下一个 to you,
194
513000
2000
仿佛歌手就坐在你的身边
08:50
whispering耳语 who knows知道 what into your ear.
195
515000
3000
和你说着什么东西
08:55
So at this point, music音乐 diverged分歧.
196
520000
2000
从那个时候起,音乐开始分化
08:57
There's live生活 music音乐,
197
522000
2000
既有现场音乐
08:59
and there's recorded记录 music音乐.
198
524000
2000
也有唱片音乐
09:01
And they no longer have to be exactly究竟 the same相同.
199
526000
3000
它们不再完全相同
09:04
Now there's venues场馆 like this, a discotheque迪斯科舞厅,
200
529000
3000
现在还有迪斯科舞厅这样的地方
09:07
and there's jukeboxes点唱机 in bars酒吧,
201
532000
2000
在酒吧里也有自动点唱机
09:09
where you don't even need to have a band.
202
534000
2000
这些地方就不需要乐队了
09:11
There doesn't need to be any
203
536000
2000
不需要那些
09:13
live生活 performing执行 musicians音乐家 whatsoever任何,
204
538000
3000
现场乐队之类的角色
09:16
and the sound声音 systems系统 are good.
205
541000
3000
那里的音响不错
09:19
People began开始 to make music音乐
206
544000
2000
人们开始专门为迪斯科
09:21
specifically特别 for discos迪斯科舞厅
207
546000
3000
和这些音响
09:24
and for those sound声音 systems系统.
208
549000
2000
创作音乐
09:26
And, as with jazz爵士乐,
209
551000
3000
此外,和爵士一样
09:29
the dancers舞者 liked喜欢 certain某些 sections部分
210
554000
3000
跳舞的人会特别喜欢
09:32
more than they did others其他.
211
557000
2000
其中一些片段
09:34
So the early hip-hop嘻哈 guys would loop循环 certain某些 sections部分.
212
559000
3000
所以早期的嘻哈歌手会来回重复某些段落
09:37
(Music音乐: "Rapper's说唱的 Delight" by The SugarhillSugarhill Gang结伙)
213
562000
8000
(音乐:"Rapper's Delight" The Sugarhill Gang)
09:45
The MCMC would improvise凑合 lyrics歌词
214
570000
2000
歌手会即兴创作歌词
09:47
in the same相同 way that the jazz爵士乐 players玩家 would improvise凑合 melodies旋律.
215
572000
3000
就像爵士演奏者会即兴创作曲子一样
09:50
And another另一个 new form形成 of music音乐 was born天生.
216
575000
3000
此外,还诞生了新的音乐模式
09:54
Live生活 performance性能, when it was incredibly令人难以置信 successful成功,
217
579000
3000
现场演出,它取得了空前的成功
09:57
ended结束 up in what is probably大概, acoustically声学,
218
582000
3000
而它诞生的场所从音响效果上来看
10:00
the worst最差 sounding听起来 venues场馆 on the planet行星:
219
585000
3000
这恐怕是世界上最不适合听音乐的地方了
10:03
sports体育 stadiums体育场馆,
220
588000
2000
体育场
10:05
basketball篮球 arenas竞技场 and hockey曲棍球 arenas竞技场.
221
590000
3000
篮球场,还有冰球场
10:08
Musicians音乐家 who ended结束 up there did the best最好 they could.
222
593000
2000
音乐家们尽了最大努力
10:10
They wrote what is now called arena竞技场 rock,
223
595000
2000
他们创作了“舞台摇滚”(arena rock)
10:12
which哪一个 is medium-speed中速 ballads民谣.
224
597000
2000
听起来像是中速的谣曲
10:14
(Music音乐: "I Still Haven't没有 Found发现 What I'm Looking For" by U2)
225
599000
8000
(音乐:"I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" U2)
10:22
They did the best最好 they could
226
607000
2000
他们已经尽了全力
10:24
given特定 that this is what they're writing写作 for.
227
609000
3000
写出了这样的歌曲
10:27
The tempos节奏 are medium. It sounds声音 big.
228
612000
3000
节拍不快不慢,听起来很浑厚
10:30
It's more a social社会 situation情况
229
615000
2000
比起音乐场所
10:32
than a musical音乐 situation情况.
230
617000
2000
那里更像是一个社交场所
10:34
And in some ways方法, the music音乐
231
619000
2000
在某些方面
10:36
that they're writing写作 for this place地点
232
621000
2000
他们为那里创作的音乐
10:38
works作品 perfectly完美.
233
623000
2000
非常契合
10:41
So there's more new venues场馆.
234
626000
3000
那么,还有更多新的环境
10:44
One of the new ones那些 is the automobile汽车.
235
629000
2000
其中一个是汽车
10:46
I grew成长 up with a radio无线电 in a car汽车.
236
631000
2000
我是在汽车中的收音机边长大的
10:48
But now that's evolved进化 into something else其他.
237
633000
2000
但如今它进化了
10:50
The car汽车 is a whole整个 venue会场.
238
635000
2000
整辆汽车变成了一个环境
10:52
(Music音乐: "Who U Wit风趣" by Lil'律” Jon乔恩 & the East Side Boyz男孩)
239
637000
5000
(音乐:"Who U Wit" Lil' Jon & the East Side Boyz)
10:57
The music音乐 that, I would say, is written书面
240
642000
3000
这种音乐,让我说,是写给
11:00
for automobile汽车 sound声音 systems系统
241
645000
2000
汽车音响系统的
11:02
works作品 perfectly完美 on it.
242
647000
2000
完美地匹配了这个环境
11:04
It might威力 not be what you want to listen to at home,
243
649000
3000
这也许不是你想在家里听的音乐
11:07
but it works作品 great in the car汽车 --
244
652000
2000
但在车子里听起来却很棒——
11:09
has a huge巨大 frequency频率 spectrum光谱,
245
654000
3000
频谱很宽
11:12
you know, big bass低音 and high-end高端
246
657000
2000
重低音,发烧天碟,你懂的
11:14
and the voice语音 kind of stuck卡住 in the middle中间.
247
659000
3000
人声一般集中在中频
11:17
Automobile汽车 music音乐, you can share分享 with your friends朋友.
248
662000
3000
我们可以和朋友一起享受汽车音乐
11:21
There's one other kind of new venue会场,
249
666000
2000
还有另一种新的环境
11:23
the private私人的 MPMP3 player播放机.
250
668000
3000
私人MP3播放器
11:26
Presumably想必, this is just for Christian基督教 music音乐.
251
671000
2000
这一个大概只用来听基督教音乐吧
11:28
(Laughter笑声)
252
673000
3000
(笑声)
11:34
And in some ways方法 it's like Carnegie卡内基 Hall大厅,
253
679000
3000
在某个方面,这和卡内基音乐厅有点像
11:37
or when the audience听众 had to hush up,
254
682000
2000
听音乐的人必须安静
11:39
because you can now hear every一切 single detail详情.
255
684000
3000
因为你能听到所有的细节
11:42
In other ways方法, it's more like the West西 African非洲人 music音乐
256
687000
2000
在别的方面,它又更像西非音乐
11:44
because if the music音乐 in an MPMP3 player播放机 gets得到 too quiet安静,
257
689000
3000
因为如果MP3播放器里的音乐太过于安静
11:47
you turn it up, and the next下一个 minute分钟,
258
692000
2000
你把音量调高了,而下一秒钟
11:49
your ears耳朵 are blasted炮轰 out by a louder passage通道.
259
694000
3000
你的耳朵会被另一段嘈杂的音乐震聋
11:52
So that doesn't really work.
260
697000
2000
所以这并不很好用
11:54
I think pop流行的 music音乐, mainly主要,
261
699000
2000
我想,当前创作的
11:56
it's written书面 today今天,
262
701000
2000
大多数流行音乐
11:58
to some extent程度, is written书面 for these kind of players玩家,
263
703000
3000
可以说是写给这类播放器
12:01
for this kind of personal个人 experience经验
264
706000
2000
这种个人体验的
12:03
where you can hear extreme极端 detail详情,
265
708000
2000
你能听出细枝末节
12:05
but the dynamic动态 doesn't change更改 that much.
266
710000
3000
又不怎么改变音乐的本质
12:08
So I asked myself:
267
713000
3000
我自问
12:11
Okay, is this
268
716000
2000
好了,这是不是
12:13
a model模型 for creation创建,
269
718000
2000
一种创作的模式呢?
12:15
this adaptation适应 that we do?
270
720000
3000
我们是不是在适应环境呢?
12:18
And does it happen发生 anywhere随地 else其他?
271
723000
2000
这又是不是放之四海而皆准呢?
12:20
Well, according根据 to David大卫 Attenborough阿滕伯勒 and some other people,
272
725000
3000
根据大卫·爱登堡(David Attenborough,著名生物纪录片主持人)和其他人所说
12:23
birds鸟类 do it too --
273
728000
2000
鸟儿们也是这么做的
12:25
that the birds鸟类 in the canopy华盖,
274
730000
3000
树冠上的鸟
12:28
where the foliage叶子 is dense稠密,
275
733000
2000
在树枝浓密的地方
12:30
their calls电话 tend趋向 to be
276
735000
2000
它们的叫声通常
12:32
high-pitched高亢, short and repetitive重复.
277
737000
3000
调子更高,急促,反复
12:36
And the birds鸟类 on the floor地板
278
741000
2000
而地面上的鸟
12:38
tend趋向 to have lower降低 pitched倾斜的 calls电话,
279
743000
2000
叫声通常调子更低
12:40
so that they don't get distorted扭曲
280
745000
2000
这样当它们在森林的地面上蹦蹦跳跳时
12:42
when they bounce弹跳 off the forest森林 floor地板.
281
747000
3000
声音也不会被扰乱
12:45
And birds鸟类 like this Savannah萨凡纳 sparrow麻雀,
282
750000
3000
像这只草原雀(Savannah sparrow)
12:49
they tend趋向 to have a buzzing余音绕梁
283
754000
2000
它们的叫声更接近嘤嘤作响
12:51
(Sound声音 clip: Savannah萨凡纳 sparrow麻雀 song歌曲)
284
756000
2000
(声音片段:草原雀之歌)
12:53
type类型 call.
285
758000
2000
的类型
12:55
And it turns out that
286
760000
3000
事实证明
12:58
a sound声音 like this
287
763000
2000
这样的声音
13:00
is the most energy能源 efficient高效 and practical实际的 way
288
765000
3000
能最有效、实用地利用体内能量
13:03
to transmit发送 their call
289
768000
3000
传播它们的叫声
13:06
across横过 the fields领域 and savannahs大草原.
290
771000
3000
穿越田野和草原
13:10
Other birds鸟类, like this tanager唐加拉雀,
291
775000
3000
其他的鸟,像这只唐纳雀(tananger)
13:13
have adapted适应 within the same相同 species种类.
292
778000
3000
是同一鸟种中适应环境后的种类
13:16
The tananger塔南厄尔 on the East Coast of the United联合的 States状态,
293
781000
2000
唐纳雀生活在美国东海岸
13:18
where the forests森林 are a little denser更密集,
294
783000
2000
那里的森林更茂盛一些
13:20
has one kind of call,
295
785000
2000
它们的叫声是这样的
13:22
and the tananger塔南厄尔 on the other side, on the west西
296
787000
3000
而这一只唐纳雀则生活在对面,西边
13:25
(Sound声音 clip: Scarlet猩红 tanager唐加拉雀 song歌曲)
297
790000
2000
(声音片段:猩红唐纳雀之歌)
13:27
has a different不同 kind of call.
298
792000
3000
它有着另一种叫声
13:30
(Sound声音 clip: Scarlet猩红 tanager唐加拉雀 song歌曲)
299
795000
3000
(声音片段:猩红唐纳雀之歌)
13:35
So birds鸟类 do it too.
300
800000
3000
因此,鸟儿也一样这么做
13:38
And I thought:
301
803000
2000
然后我想
13:40
Well, if this is a model模型 for creation创建,
302
805000
3000
好吧,如果这是一种创作模式
13:43
if we make music音乐,
303
808000
2000
如果我们创作音乐时
13:45
primarily主要 the form形成 at least最小,
304
810000
3000
主要得符合情境
13:48
to fit适合 these contexts上下文,
305
813000
2000
至少在形式上如此
13:50
and if we make art艺术 to fit适合 gallery画廊 walls墙壁 or museum博物馆 walls墙壁,
306
815000
3000
如果我们根据画廊或者博物馆的墙壁来绘制作品
13:53
and if we write software软件 to fit适合 existing现有 operating操作 systems系统,
307
818000
3000
如果我们根据现有的操作系统来编写软件
13:58
is that how it works作品?
308
823000
3000
这就是事情进行的方式吗?
14:01
Yeah. I think it's evolutionary发展的.
309
826000
2000
对,我想这是一种进化
14:03
It's adaptive自适应.
310
828000
2000
一种适应能力
14:05
But the pleasure乐趣 and the passion and the joy喜悦
311
830000
2000
但乐趣、激情和愉悦
14:07
is still there.
312
832000
2000
仍然存在
14:10
This is a reverse相反 view视图 of things
313
835000
2000
这是和传统的浪漫情怀
14:12
from the kind of traditional传统 Romantic浪漫 view视图.
314
837000
2000
正好相反的观点
14:14
The Romantic浪漫 view视图 is that
315
839000
2000
在浪漫的观点看来
14:16
first comes the passion
316
841000
2000
首先有激情
14:18
and then the outpouring流露 of emotion情感,
317
843000
2000
然后才有洋溢的感情
14:20
and then somehow不知何故 it gets得到 shaped成形 into something.
318
845000
3000
接着,它再被塑造成不同的东西
14:23
And I'm saying,
319
848000
2000
我要说
14:25
well, the passion's热情的 still there,
320
850000
2000
的确,激情不可或缺
14:27
but the vessel船只
321
852000
2000
但容器
14:29
that it's going to be injected注射 into and poured into,
322
854000
3000
那即将被填满、充实的容器
14:32
that is instinctively本能 and intuitively直观地
323
857000
2000
在最初就根据直觉
14:34
created创建 first.
324
859000
2000
已经创造出来了
14:36
We already已经 know where that passion is going.
325
861000
3000
我们之前就知道激情会走向何方
14:43
But this conflict冲突 of views意见 is kind of interesting有趣.
326
868000
3000
然而,这两个观点冲突的地方有一点挺有趣
14:46
The writer作家,
327
871000
2000
一名作家
14:48
Thomas托马斯 Frank坦率,
328
873000
2000
托马斯·弗兰克
14:50
says that
329
875000
2000
曾说
14:52
this might威力 be a kind of explanation说明
330
877000
2000
也许有一种解释可以说明
14:54
why some voters选民 vote投票
331
879000
2000
为什么有些选民
14:56
against反对 their best最好 interests利益,
332
881000
2000
给自己利益的对立面投了一票
14:58
that voters选民, like a lot of us,
333
883000
3000
这些选民和我们的大多数人一样
15:01
assume承担, that if they hear something that sounds声音 like it's sincere真诚,
334
886000
3000
假设,如果他们觉得某一方听起来很真诚
15:04
that it's coming未来 from the gut肠道, that it's passionate多情,
335
889000
2000
发自内心,激情洋溢
15:06
that it's more authentic真实.
336
891000
2000
那一方就是更可靠的
15:08
And they'll他们会 vote投票 for that.
337
893000
2000
他们会投上一票
15:10
So that, if somebody can fake sincerity诚意,
338
895000
2000
所以,如果有人假装真诚
15:12
if they can fake passion,
339
897000
3000
假装富有激情
15:15
they stand a better chance机会
340
900000
2000
靠着这种方法,当然有一点风险
15:17
of being存在 selected in that way,
341
902000
3000
但他们就有更大的机会
15:21
which哪一个 seems似乎 a little dangerous危险.
342
906000
2000
被选上
15:25
I'm saying the two, the passion, the joy喜悦,
343
910000
3000
我要说,激情和快乐
15:28
are not mutually相互 exclusive独家.
344
913000
2000
并不是势不两立的
15:30
Maybe what the world世界 needs需求 now is for us to realize实现
345
915000
3000
或许,世界现在需要我们认识到
15:33
that we are like the birds鸟类.
346
918000
2000
我们就像鸟儿
15:35
We adapt适应.
347
920000
2000
我们适应环境
15:37
We sing.
348
922000
2000
我们歌唱
15:39
And like the birds鸟类, the joy喜悦 is still there,
349
924000
2000
也和鸟儿一样,快乐仍在
15:41
even though虽然 we have changed what we do
350
926000
3000
即使我们改变了做法
15:44
to fit适合 the context上下文.
351
929000
2000
为了适应环境
15:46
Thank you very much.
352
931000
2000
非常感谢
15:48
(Applause掌声)
353
933000
4000
(掌声)
Translated by Lili Marleen
Reviewed by Zhu Jie

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Byrne - Musician, artist, writer
David Byrne builds an idiosyncratic world of music, art, writing and film.

Why you should listen

Musician, author, filmmaker, curator, conservationist, digital music theorist, bicycle advocate, urban designer, visual artist, humanist ... David Byrne has many ways of expressing himself -- all of them heartfelt, authentic and thought-provoking.

From his groundbreaking recording career, first with Talking Heads and then as a solo artist and collaborator, to his recent use of digital media to connnect his creations to the world, he has been meshing art and technology to create jaw-dropping, soulful masterpieces that tell a story, and often invoke his audience to create some masterpieces of their own. In a recent art installation, Playing the Building, Byrne transformed an empty building into a musical instrument, and then invited visitors to play it. 

His book Bicycle Diaries is a journal of what he thought and experienced while cycling through the cities of the world. And his 2012 book How Music Works expands on his 2010 TEDTalk to imagine how music is shaped by its time and place. 

In David Byrne's 2010 TEDTalk, the image of CBGB comes from Joseph O. Holmes' CBGB series >>  

More profile about the speaker
David Byrne | Speaker | TED.com