TED2011
Philip Zimbardo: The demise of guys?
飛利浦•津巴多： 男性之殤
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心理學家飛利浦•津巴多提出了這樣一個問題：「爲什麼男孩的日子現在這麼不好過？」他分享了一些數據（相對於女孩較低的畢業率，面對親密關係有更多的憂慮），同時也提出了一些可能的原因 —— 他希望大家都能參與改變現狀。請聽完這個演說，之後去這個網站http://on.ted.com/PZSurvey來完成一個很短的十個問題的問卷。
Philip Zimbardo - Psychologist
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism. Full bio
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So today, I want us to reflect
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今天，我想請大家思考一下
00:17
on the demise of guys.
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男性的衰落。
00:19
Guys are flaming out academically;
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男性在學術方面的聲勢下降;
00:21
they're wiping out socially with girls
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他們同時與女孩社交不暢
00:23
and sexually with women.
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以及與成熟女性在性方面也跟不上。
00:25
Other than that, there's not much of a problem.
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除此之外，倒也沒什麼別的問題。
00:28
So what's the data?
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數據怎麼說呢？
00:30
So the data on dropping out is amazing.
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男孩的失學率高得令人吃驚。
00:32
Boys are 30 percent more likely than girls
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一個男孩有比一個女孩多出30%的可能性
00:34
to drop out of school.
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中途退學。
00:36
In Canada, five boys drop out for every three girls.
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在加拿大，同等基數的情況下，有五個男孩會辍學，而女孩只會有三個會輟學。
00:39
Girls outperform boys now at every level,
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女孩從小學，到研究院,
00:41
from elementary school to graduate school.
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在各級學校裏都比男孩表現優勝。
00:43
There's a 10 percent differential
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在高等教育領域裏
00:45
between getting BA's and all graduate programs,
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從學士到所有研究院學位
00:48
with guys falling behind girls.
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男性要比女性少10%。
00:51
Two-thirds of all students in special ed. remedial programs are guys.
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在特殊教育項目裏，三分之二的學生都是男生。
00:55
And as you all know,
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還有就是衆所周知的
00:57
boys are five times more likely than girls
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男孩比女孩有五倍的可能性
00:59
to be labeled as having attention deficit disorder --
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被認爲有過動症（注意力缺乏）--
01:01
and therefore we drug them with Ritalin.
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然後被要求服用例如利他林一類的藥。
01:04
What's the evidence of wiping out?
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有什麼證據來說男性聲勢不行呢？
01:06
First, it's a new fear of intimacy.
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首先，男性中有一種新出現的對於親密的恐懼，
01:08
Intimacy means physical, emotional connection
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親密意味着與他人在身體上
01:11
with somebody else --
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和感情上的聯通--
01:13
and especially with somebody of the opposite sex
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特別是與異性,
01:16
who gives off ambiguous, contradictory,
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因爲異性會給出模糊意義並且自相矛盾,
01:18
phosphorescent signals.
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與我們自己的節奏不一樣的信號。
01:20
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:24
And every year there's research done
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每年都會有一個研究
01:26
on self-reported shyness among college students.
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來調查在大學生中自我認同爲“害羞”的比例。
01:29
And we're seeing a steady increase among males.
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我們可以發現男生數量持續的提高。
01:31
And this is two kinds.
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“害羞”分爲兩類。
01:33
It's a social awkwardness.
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害羞是一種社交上的蹩腳。
01:35
The old shyness was a fear of rejection.
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較早的一種是對於被拒絕的恐懼。
01:37
It's a social awkwardness like you're a stranger in a foreign land.
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這種社交不暢感覺就像你是在一個陌生的地方。
01:39
They don't know what to say, they don't know what to do,
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你不知道該說什麼該做什麼,
01:42
especially one-on-one [with the] opposite sex.
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特別是面對異性在一對一的場合裏。
01:45
They don't know the language of face contact,
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害羞的人不懂面部表情語言,
01:48
the non-verbal and verbal set of rules
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還有使得人們可以很舒服的
01:50
that enable you to comfortably talk to somebody else,
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進行有聲與無聲交流的規則,
01:53
listen to somebody else.
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包括傾聽與表達。
01:55
There's something I'm developing here called social intensity syndrome,
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我現在正在研究這麼一個概念，叫做“社交緊張綜合徵",
01:58
which tries to account for why guys really prefer
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來試圖解釋爲什麼男性更偏好
02:00
male bonding over female mating.
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與兄弟們聯繫感情，而不是與女性交往。
02:03
It turns out, from earliest childhood,
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研究結果表明，在童年早期,
02:05
boys, and then men,
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男孩，之後成爲男人
02:07
prefer the company of guys --
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更偏愛與其他男性呆在一起——
02:09
physical company.
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在同一個物理空間裏。
02:11
And there's actually a cortical arousal we're looking at,
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我們甚至觀察到在男性與其他男性一起的時候,
02:14
because guys have been with guys
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他們大腦皮層的興奮
02:16
in teams, in clubs, in gangs, in fraternities,
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在運動隊裏，在俱樂部裏，在團伙裏，在兄弟會裏,
02:19
especially in the military, and then in pubs.
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特別是在軍隊裏，還有就是在酒吧裏
02:22
And this peaks at Super Bowl Sunday
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這種興奮在超級碗決賽的那個週日達到高峰,
02:24
when guys would rather be in a bar with strangers,
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通常男性更願意與一羣陌生人擠在一個酒吧裏,
02:27
watching a totally overdressed Aaron Rodgers of the Green Bay Packers,
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看維斯康新綠灣隊的阿倫•羅傑斯從頭包到腳
02:31
rather than Jennifer Lopez totally naked in the bedroom.
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也不願意去在臥室裏看一絲不掛的珍妮弗•洛佩兹。
02:34
The problem is they now prefer
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但問題是現在
02:36
[the] asynchronistic Internet world
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男性更偏愛與現實脫節的網路世界,
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to the spontaneous interaction
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而不是在真實的社會環境下
02:40
in social relationships.
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進行與人即時的交流。
02:42
What are the causes? Well, it's an unintended consequence.
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爲什麼會這樣呢？ 其實這是一個沒有意想到的結果。
02:45
I think it's excessive Internet use in general, excessive video gaming,
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我認爲原因就是過分的網路適用，過度的電子遊戲,
02:48
excessive new access to pornography.
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還有新產生的無止境的色情內容的供應。
02:52
The problem is these are arousal addictions.
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這些都是令人成癮的興奮源。
02:55
Drug addiction, you simply want more.
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藥物成癮，你也就是想要更多的這種物質。
02:57
Arousal addiction, you want different.
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令人成癮的興奮源，你會想要新鮮的不同的東西。
02:59
Drugs, you want more of the same -- different.
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藥物成癮，你會想要同樣的東西——這是不一樣的。
03:01
So you need the novelty in order for the arousal to be sustained.
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你需要各種新鮮的東西來滿足這種興奮源成癮。
03:04
And the problem is the industry is supplying it.
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各種行業也源源不斷的提供滿足這種興奮源的東西。
03:07
Jane McGonigal told us last year
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簡•麥克恭尼高去年給出了一個數據,
03:09
that by the time a boy is 21,
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那就是一個男孩在到21歲之前,
03:11
he's played 10,000 hours of video games,
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平均下來他會已經玩了一萬小時的電子遊戲,
03:13
most of that in isolation.
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大部分是獨自玩的。
03:15
As you remember, Cindy Gallop said
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還有，辛迪•加勒普說過,
03:17
men don't know the difference
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男人不懂
03:20
between making love and doing porn.
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做愛與看色情片的區別。
03:22
The average boy now watches 50 porn video clips a week.
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現在，平均下來一個男孩每週會看50個色情短片。
03:25
And there's some guy watching a hundred, obviously.
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當然會有每週看一百個的人。
03:28
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:30
And the porn industry is the fastest growing industry in America --
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色情行業是美國增長最快的行業——
03:33
15 billion annually.
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每年上升150億。
03:35
For every 400 movies made in Hollywood,
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對應每400個在好萊塢製作的電影,
03:37
there are 11,000 now made porn videos.
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就有11000個色情片被生產出來。
03:40
So the effect, very quickly,
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這個的結果就是，非常迅速的,
03:42
is it's a new kind of arousal.
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提供給成癮者一個新的興奮源。
03:44
Boys' brains are being digitally rewired in a totally new way
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男孩的大腦每天都被這些數碼內容重新塑造
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for change, novelty, excitement and constant arousal.
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尋求變化，新鮮感，激動與不斷的興奮。
03:50
That means they're totally out of sync in traditional classes,
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這就意味着他們與傳統的課程完全脫節,
03:53
which are analog, static, interactively passive.
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不適應模擬，靜止，以及交流上採取一種被動的模式。
03:55
They're also totally out of sync
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他們同時也與
03:57
in romantic relationships,
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浪漫關係脫節,
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which build gradually and subtly.
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因爲浪漫關係是逐漸而潛移默化的成長的。
04:01
So what's the solution? It's not my job.
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那我們有什麼解決方案呢？這就不是我的任務了。
04:03
I'm here to alarm. It's your job to solve.
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我在這裏是爲了警示大家的。你們的任務是解決這個問題。
04:05
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:08
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
04:10
But who should care? The only people who should care about this
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誰應該關注這個問題呢？應該關注這個問題的人包括
04:13
is parents of boys and girls,
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孩子的父母，包括男孩與女孩,
04:15
educators, gamers, filmmakers
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教育者，遊戲製作人，電影製作人
04:17
and women who would like a real man
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還有希望得到一個真正的男人的女人們，
04:19
who they can talk to, who can dance,
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一個女人可以交流的男人，一個可以跳舞
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who can make love slowly
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可以慢慢的做愛
04:23
and contribute to the evolutionary pressures
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並能夠應對進化壓力
04:25
to keep our species above banana slugs.
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來保證我們這個物種不至於落到香蕉毛蟲那個層次。
04:28
No offense to banana slug owners. Thank you.
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我無意冒犯飼養香蕉毛蟲的人們。謝謝。
04:30
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Philip Zimbardo - PsychologistPhilip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism.
Why you should listen
Philip Zimbardo knows what evil looks like. After serving as an expert witness during the Abu Ghraib trials, he wrote The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. From Nazi comic books to the tactics of used-car salesmen, he explores a wealth of sources in trying to explain the psychology of evil.
A past president of the American Psychological Association and a professor emeritus at Stanford, Zimbardo retired in 2008 from lecturing, after 50 years of teaching his legendary introductory course in psychology. In addition to his work on evil and heroism, Zimbardo recently published The Time Paradox, exploring different cultural and personal perspectives on time.
Still well-known for his controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, Zimbardo in his new research looks at the psychology of heroism. He asks, "What pushes some people to become perpetrators of evil, while others act heroically on behalf of those in need?"
Philip Zimbardo | Speaker | TED.com