TEDMED 2016
Lloyd Pendleton: The Housing First approach to homelessness
洛伊．潘多頓: 解決街友問題的「住屋優先」法
Filmed:
Readability: 4.4
1,058,681 views
如果你們邀請一個多年來住在街頭、有心理健康問題的人，直接從街頭搬入住宅中，會發生什麼事？對於提供給無家可歸者的「住屋優先」方法──無條件提供無家可歸者短期協助，快速找到永久住所──洛伊．潘多頓分享了他如何從一個住房優先懷疑者變成信徒，以及這個方法如何讓猶他州在十年間就讓長期無家可歸人口數下降91%。
Lloyd Pendleton - Homeless advocate
Lloyd Pendleton wants to eliminate chronic homelessness. Full bio
Lloyd Pendleton wants to eliminate chronic homelessness. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
What do you think would happen
0
853
1718
想想下面這個狀況：
00:15
if you invited an individual
who had been living on the street
who had been living on the street
1
3248
2905
如果你們邀請一個多年來
00:18
for many years,
2
6177
1546
住在街頭、
00:19
had mental health issues
3
7747
1717
有心理健康問題，
00:22
and was an alcoholic
4
10457
1687
且酗過酒的人，
00:24
to move directly from the street
5
12168
2085
直接從街頭搬入住宅中，
00:26
into housing?
6
14277
1393
會發生什麼事？
00:28
We had heard this was being done
in New York City,
in New York City,
7
16233
2917
我們聽說紐約市已經這麼做過，
00:31
and it was called the Housing First model.
8
19174
2001
它被稱為「住屋優先」模型。
00:33
We wondered if it would work in Utah.
9
21199
2278
我們很好奇這在猶他州是否可行。
00:36
So to make that determination,
we decided to create a pilot,
we decided to create a pilot,
10
24038
3665
為了要確認這件事，
我們決定做一個試驗，
我們決定做一個試驗，
00:39
and Keta was one of the 17
chronically homeless individuals
chronically homeless individuals
11
27727
5251
琦塔是我們選來進行
這個試驗的十七位長期
這個試驗的十七位長期
00:45
we included in this pilot.
12
33002
1880
無家可歸者之一。
00:46
She had been on the street
for 20-plus years,
for 20-plus years,
13
34906
3438
她已流落街頭二十多年，
00:50
had mental health issues
14
38368
1965
有心理健康問題，
00:52
and was a severe alcoholic.
15
40357
1984
且是重度酒鬼。
00:55
The first night in her apartment,
16
43193
2086
她住進公寓的第一晚，
00:57
she put her belongings on the bed
17
45303
2493
她把家當都放在床上，
00:59
and slept on the floor.
18
47820
1761
自己則睡在地上。
01:01
The next three nights,
she slept out by the dumpster
she slept out by the dumpster
19
49605
2691
接下來的三個晚上，她睡在外面，
01:04
near the apartment building.
20
52320
1610
公寓附近的垃圾箱旁邊。
01:06
With the aid of her case manager,
21
54815
1891
在她的個案經理協助之下，
01:08
she moved back into her apartment
22
56730
2113
她搬回了她的公寓，
01:10
but continued to sleep on the floor
for several nights.
for several nights.
23
58867
3192
但還是在地上睡了好幾個晚上。
01:14
It took over two weeks for her
to develop enough trust and confidence
to develop enough trust and confidence
24
62688
4577
她花了超過兩週的時間，
才發展出足夠的信任和信心，
才發展出足夠的信任和信心，
01:19
that this apartment was hers
25
67940
2428
相信這個公寓是她的，
01:22
and would not be taken away from her
26
70392
2066
且不會被奪去，
01:24
before she would start
sleeping in the bed.
sleeping in the bed.
27
72482
2214
她才開始睡在床上。
對我們全國的許多城市而言，
01:27
Homelessness is a continuing
challenge for many cities
challenge for many cities
28
75580
2758
街友一直是個挑戰。
01:30
throughout our country.
29
78362
1332
01:32
Our homeless population falls
into three major categories:
into three major categories:
30
80174
3606
我們的街友人口主要可以分為三種：
01:35
those that are temporarily homeless,
31
83804
2143
暫時無家可歸的人，
01:37
about 75 percent;
32
85971
1727
大約佔 75%；
01:39
those that are episodically homeless,
33
87722
1881
不定期無家可歸的人，
01:41
about 10 percent;
34
89627
1558
大約佔 10%；
01:43
and those that are chronically homeless,
35
91209
2046
以及長期無家可歸的人，
01:45
about 15 percent.
36
93279
1492
大約佔 15%。
01:47
Chronic homelessness is defined
as an unaccompanied adult
as an unaccompanied adult
37
95653
3781
長期無家可歸的定義，
是無人陪伴的成年人
是無人陪伴的成年人
01:51
who has been continuously
homeless for a year or more
homeless for a year or more
38
99458
3202
持續無家可歸一年以上，
01:54
or more than four times
homeless in three years
homeless in three years
39
102684
2890
或是在三年間有超過四次無家可歸，
01:57
that totals 365 days.
40
105598
2203
且總天數超過 365 天。
02:00
This small 15 percent
of the homeless population
of the homeless population
41
108325
3571
這少數的 15% 街友人口，
02:03
can consume 50 to 60 percent
of the homeless resources
of the homeless resources
42
111920
4252
可以消耗掉社區街友資源的50%~60%。
02:08
available in a community.
43
116196
1304
02:10
In addition, they can cost the community
44
118140
3571
此外，他們每年每人需要社區
02:13
20,000 to 45,000 dollars a year per person
45
121735
4146
花費兩萬到四萬五千美元的
02:17
in emergency services costs,
46
125905
1983
緊急服務成本，
02:20
such as EMT runs,
47
128554
1917
比如急診醫療隊出勤、
02:22
emergency room visits,
as many of you will be aware,
as many of you will be aware,
48
130495
3139
進急診室，就像在座很多人知道的，
02:25
addictions, interactions with the police,
49
133658
3013
毒癮、和警察的互動、
02:28
jail time.
50
136695
1202
坐牢服刑。
02:30
Simply put, this small
population costs a lot.
population costs a lot.
51
138551
4251
簡言之，這一小群人花不少錢。
02:36
Based on this reality, the US government
began an initiative in 2003
began an initiative in 2003
52
144147
4468
根據這個現實狀況，美國政府
在 2003 年開始了一項方案，
在 2003 年開始了一項方案，
02:40
inviting states and cities and counties
53
148639
3136
邀請州、城市、郡一起加入，
02:43
to develop a plan to end
chronic homelessness
chronic homelessness
54
151799
3023
發展一個十年計畫
來終結長期街友的問題。
來終結長期街友的問題。
02:46
in a 10-year period.
55
154846
1379
02:48
The state of Utah accepted
this invitation,
this invitation,
56
156798
2166
猶他州接受了這項邀請，
02:50
and I was asked to lead this effort.
57
158988
2156
並找我來領導這項工作。
02:54
In 2005, we approved a 10-year plan,
58
162485
3149
在 2005 年，
我們核准了一個十年計畫，
我們核准了一個十年計畫，
02:57
and 10 years later, in 2015,
59
165658
3137
十年後，2015 年，
03:00
we reported a reduction
in our chronic homeless population
in our chronic homeless population
60
168819
3066
我們公布的結果是，
全州長期無家可歸的人口
全州長期無家可歸的人口
減少了 91%。
03:03
of 91 percent statewide.
61
171909
2490
03:07
(Applause)
62
175587
5351
（掌聲）
03:12
That's amazing.
63
180962
1316
那是很驚人的。
03:15
When I began this process,
and we began this process,
and we began this process,
64
183437
3478
當我們開始這個流程時，
03:19
I realized that I had a limited
understanding of homelessness
understanding of homelessness
65
187471
4641
我發現到我對於無家可歸
以及影響它的因子，
以及影響它的因子，
03:24
and the factors that impacted it,
66
192136
2240
了解都十分有限，
03:26
and that I needed a fairly major change
in my belief, in my thinking,
in my belief, in my thinking,
67
194400
4413
我需要針對我的看法、
我的想法，做很大的改變，
我的想法，做很大的改變，
03:30
because I had been raised
with the theory of rugged individualism
with the theory of rugged individualism
68
198837
3816
因為我是在嚴格的個人主義理論
和「自立自強」的觀念之下長大的。
03:34
and "pull yourself up by the bootstraps."
69
202677
2090
03:36
That philosophy came from being raised
on our family's cattle ranch
on our family's cattle ranch
70
204791
3186
我們家在猶他州西部沙漠，
小鎮上有個牧牛場，
小鎮上有個牧牛場，
03:40
in a small town
in the western desert of Utah.
in the western desert of Utah.
71
208001
2455
這哲學來自在那兒成長的經歷。
03:43
On the ranch, you learned
that nothing takes priority
that nothing takes priority
72
211113
3547
在牧場學到的是：首要之務絕對是
03:46
over caring for the cattle,
73
214684
1495
照顧牛隻，
03:48
something always needs fixing
74
216710
2170
總是有什麼東西需要修理，
03:50
and most importantly,
75
218904
1824
還有最重要的，
03:52
hard work makes the world right.
76
220752
2415
努力就能解決世界上的問題。
03:55
It was through that lens
that I would see homeless people.
that I would see homeless people.
77
223805
2813
我是從那樣的視角
在看無家可歸的街友。
在看無家可歸的街友。
03:58
When I was a teenager, our family
would go into Salt Lake City,
would go into Salt Lake City,
78
226642
3019
當我還是青少年時，
我們全家會到鹽湖城，
我們全家會到鹽湖城，
04:01
and I would see these homeless people --
"hobos" we called them then --
"hobos" we called them then --
79
229685
3460
我會看到無家可歸的人就坐在街上，
那時我們稱他們為「流浪漢」，
那時我們稱他們為「流浪漢」，
04:05
sitting around on the street,
80
233169
1406
而我會心想：
04:06
and I would think,
81
234599
1165
「你們這些懶廢物，
去找份工作，自立自強。」
去找份工作，自立自強。」
04:07
"You lazy bums, get a job.
Pull yourself up by the bootstraps."
Pull yourself up by the bootstraps."
82
235788
4249
04:13
After high school, I left the ranch,
83
241926
2050
高中之後，我離開了牧場，
04:16
graduated from college,
84
244000
2092
從大學畢業，
04:18
went to work for Ford Motor Company
for several years,
for several years,
85
246116
3551
在福特汽車公司工作了數年，
04:21
then got a job at the Church
of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
86
249691
3300
接著在耶穌基督後期聖徒教會
找到一份工作，
找到一份工作，
04:25
and moved back to Salt Lake City.
87
253015
1783
搬回了鹽湖城。
04:27
During that employment,
I had the opportunity to be loaned out
I had the opportunity to be loaned out
88
255620
2989
在那段工作期間，我有機會去協助
04:30
to the state's largest homeless shelter
89
258633
1919
該州最大的街友庇護所，
04:32
to assist them in developing and improving
90
260576
2066
幫他們開發和改善
04:34
their financial
and management capabilities.
and management capabilities.
91
262666
2235
他們的財務和管理能力。
04:37
While there, I became aware
of a new approach
of a new approach
92
265610
4245
在那裡時，我發現了一種新方法，
04:41
to dealing with homeless individuals
93
269879
2187
可用來幫助無家可歸的人
04:44
and drug addicts.
94
272090
1252
及有毒癮者。
04:46
It was called the harm reduction model,
95
274486
2486
那方法叫做減少傷害模型，
04:48
and it consisted of passing out
clean needles and condoms.
clean needles and condoms.
96
276996
3613
內容包括分發乾淨的
針頭以及保險套。
針頭以及保險套。
04:52
And I thought, "Now that
is one stupid idea."
is one stupid idea."
97
280633
2708
我心想：「那真是個蠢點子。」
04:55
(Laughter)
98
283365
1223
（笑聲）
04:56
"That's just going to encourage them
to continue that behavior.
to continue that behavior.
99
284612
2995
「那樣做只會鼓勵他們
繼續原本的行為。
繼續原本的行為。
04:59
Just tell them to stop."
100
287631
1651
應該叫他們別做。」
05:03
Several years later, I read
some of the early 10-year plans
some of the early 10-year plans
101
291323
2994
幾年後，我讀了一些資料，
是關於聯邦政府
是關於聯邦政府
05:06
to end chronic homelessness
102
294341
1375
早期推動終結
05:07
promoted by the federal government.
103
295740
1957
長期街友的十年計畫。
05:09
As I read through those plans,
and I thought,
and I thought,
104
297721
2308
我讀過這些計畫的內容之後，心想：
05:13
"Pfft! This is unrealistic.
105
301041
1655
「呸！這很不實際。
05:14
You can't end homelessness.
106
302720
1527
街友問題是無法終結的。
05:16
There's too many personal choices
and factors beyond our control."
and factors beyond our control."
107
304271
3473
它牽涉到太多個人選擇
及我們無法控制的因子了。」
及我們無法控制的因子了。」
05:21
My perspective changed, however,
108
309724
2494
然而，我的觀點變了，
05:24
when I attended a conference in 2003,
109
312242
2947
2003 年時我參加了一場大會，
05:27
where I learned the reason
behind the 10-year plan.
behind the 10-year plan.
110
315213
4389
在那裡，我學到了
十年計畫背後的理由。
十年計畫背後的理由。
05:31
First was this small population
of the homeless group
of the homeless group
111
319626
4149
首先，我學到這一小群的街友族群，
05:35
that was 15 percent
and were very expensive.
and were very expensive.
112
323799
2766
雖然只佔 15% 但卻非常昂貴。
對於猶他州這種保守的州而言，
05:39
That made sense
113
327216
1301
05:40
for a conservative state like Utah.
114
328541
1957
那數字是合理的。
05:43
The second insight was learning
about this Housing First,
about this Housing First,
115
331663
3377
第二，我學到了這個「住屋優先」
05:47
or low-barrier housing.
116
335064
1845
或低門檻住屋供給。
05:48
There had been an agency in New York City
117
336933
2129
在紐約市有一個機構
05:51
that had been inviting
mentally ill homeless individuals
mentally ill homeless individuals
118
339086
3186
一直在邀請有心理疾病的街友
05:54
to move directly
from the street into housing.
from the street into housing.
119
342296
3286
直接從街頭搬入住屋當中。
05:58
And they were also allowed to continue
to use drugs and to drink,
to use drugs and to drink,
120
346487
4225
他們也被允許繼續使用毒品和喝酒，
就像我們在自己家裡也可以一樣。
06:02
just like we can in our homes.
121
350736
1641
06:04
They were, in addition, offered
services -- not required to use them --
services -- not required to use them --
122
352401
4724
此外，現場的個案經理
也會提供服務給他們──
也會提供服務給他們──
06:09
by on-site case managers
123
357149
1403
不強迫要使用──
06:10
to assist them to adjust
to their new living arrangements
to their new living arrangements
124
358576
2881
來協助他們調整新的居住安排，
06:13
and to stabilize their lives.
125
361481
2139
讓他們的生活更穩定。
06:15
They were using the harm reduction model.
126
363644
2297
他們用的是減少傷害模型。
06:19
And despite my initial low expectations
about hearing about this model,
about hearing about this model,
127
367322
5009
雖然我一開始聽到這個模型時，
對它的期望是很低的，
對它的期望是很低的，
06:24
they were having
an astonishing success rate:
an astonishing success rate:
128
372355
2370
但它的成功率卻非常驚人：
06:26
85 percent were still housed
after 12 months.
after 12 months.
129
374749
4607
有 85% 的人在 12 個月之後
仍然住在住房中。
仍然住在住房中。
06:31
The third insight
130
379380
1365
我學到的第三點，
06:33
was the importance of developing
a trusting relationship.
a trusting relationship.
131
381434
3150
是發展信賴關係的重要性。
06:37
Because of the abuse
these individuals have had
these individuals have had
132
385239
3184
因為這些人在他們一生中大半時候
06:40
throughout most of their lives,
133
388447
1984
都受到傷害，
06:42
they hardly trust anybody,
134
390455
2028
所以他們很難信任別人，
06:46
and the clean needles and condoms
and low-barrier housing
and low-barrier housing
135
394031
4083
而乾淨的針頭、保險套、
低門檻住房供應，
低門檻住房供應，
06:50
was a means to begin to develop
a relationship of trust.
a relationship of trust.
136
398138
3550
就是開始發展信賴關係的手段。
06:55
Vital.
137
403270
1203
這非常重要。
06:59
So as I flew home from this conference,
138
407472
2258
會議結束後我搭飛機回家，
07:03
sitting in the plane
looking out the window,
looking out the window,
139
411048
2403
坐在飛機上，看向窗外，
07:06
I realized that my understanding
and perspective about homelessness
and perspective about homelessness
140
414121
3783
我發現到我對於
街友的了解和觀點
街友的了解和觀點
07:09
was shifting.
141
417928
1176
正在轉變。
07:12
And as I stared out that window,
142
420070
1871
當我盯著窗外時，
07:13
this very strong feeling
and thought came to me
and thought came to me
143
421965
2839
產生了一種很強烈的感覺和想法，
07:16
that if there's any state in the union
144
424828
1949
覺得如果在美國有任何一州
07:18
that could end chronic homelessness,
145
426801
1985
能夠終結長期街友的狀況，
07:20
it was the state of Utah,
146
428810
1669
那就會是猶他州，
07:23
because there's an underlying feeling
147
431155
2802
因為在猶他州有一種很根本的感覺、
07:25
and desire and willingness
to collaborate to serve our neighbors,
to collaborate to serve our neighbors,
148
433981
4806
慾望、意願，
要同心協力來服務我們的鄰居，
要同心協力來服務我們的鄰居，
07:30
including those who are homeless.
149
438811
2041
包括無家可歸的人。
07:35
A new vision was becoming clear to me
how this could be done.
how this could be done.
150
443376
4276
對於要如何做到，
我開始有個清楚的遠景。
我開始有個清楚的遠景。
07:41
Now, those of us that attended
the conference said,
the conference said,
151
449214
2450
我們去參加會議的人說：
「是的，這些模型
在猶他是可行的。」
在猶他是可行的。」
07:43
"Yeah, these models will work in Utah."
152
451688
1901
07:45
But when we got back home,
there were many who said,
there were many who said,
153
453613
2463
但當我們回到家，就有很多人說：
「不，那些都不可行，
在這裡都不會成功。」
在這裡都不會成功。」
07:48
"Nah, those aren't going to work.
They won't succeed here."
They won't succeed here."
154
456100
3132
07:51
But there was, however,
an affordable housing organization
an affordable housing organization
155
459256
3050
然而，有一個在做可負擔住房的組織
07:54
who was willing to build
our first 100 units.
our first 100 units.
156
462330
2847
願意為我們先建立 100 個單位。
07:58
But they had concerns about having
100 chronically homeless people
100 chronically homeless people
157
466280
3483
但他們擔心把 100 個
長期無家可歸的人
長期無家可歸的人
08:01
in one location.
158
469787
1783
放在同一個地方會不會有問題。
08:03
To address that concern,
we decided to create a pilot
we decided to create a pilot
159
471594
3122
為了解決他們的擔心，
我們決定做個試驗，
我們決定做個試驗，
在建立前 100 個單位的同時
先來測試該想法是否可行。
先來測試該想法是否可行。
08:08
to test that idea while we built
the first 100 units.
the first 100 units.
160
476097
3468
08:11
We would use existing units
scattered throughout Salt Lake City.
scattered throughout Salt Lake City.
161
479589
3722
我們用的是散布在
鹽湖城各地的既有單位。
鹽湖城各地的既有單位。
08:16
Then we debated:
162
484523
1421
接著，我們盤算：
08:17
Should we select fairly
high-functioning homeless persons
high-functioning homeless persons
163
485968
3792
我們應該要選擇
高功能無家可歸的街友？
高功能無家可歸的街友？
還是我們能找到的街友中
最具挑戰性的？
最具挑戰性的？
08:21
or the most challenging
ones we could find?
ones we could find?
164
489784
2257
08:24
And this is where my background
on the ranch came into play.
on the ranch came into play.
165
492693
2980
這時，我的牧場背景就派上用場了。
08:28
Back then, my mother cooked our meals
166
496753
2473
那時，我母親為我們煮飯，
08:31
and heated the water for our weekly bath
167
499250
3068
為我們每週一次的洗澡把水加熱，
08:34
on a wood-burning and coal-burning stove.
168
502342
2329
用的是燒木材和煤的爐子。
08:37
And after chopping wood
for that stove all those years,
for that stove all those years,
169
505663
3083
那些年來不斷為了爐子而劈柴，
08:40
I'd learned to chop
the big end of the log first,
the big end of the log first,
170
508770
2381
我學會在我還最有力時，
08:43
when I had the most energy.
171
511175
1541
就先從圓木比較大的那一端劈下去。
08:45
We decided to use the "big end
of the log first" approach
of the log first" approach
172
513907
3749
我們決定使用的方法是
「先劈圓木較大的一端」，
「先劈圓木較大的一端」，
08:49
and selected 17 of the most challenging,
173
517680
3347
在我們能找到的所有
長期無家可歸街友中，
長期無家可歸街友中，
08:53
difficult, chronically homeless
people we could find,
people we could find,
174
521051
3066
選出了 17 名
最有挑戰性、最困難的，
最有挑戰性、最困難的，
08:56
because we knew we would learn
the most from them.
the most from them.
175
524903
3379
因為我們知道，
我們能從他們身上學到最多。
我們能從他們身上學到最多。
09:01
Twenty-two months later,
176
529438
1730
22 個月之後，
09:04
all 17 were still housed,
177
532287
2075
所有 17 人都仍然住在住房中，
09:09
including Keta,
178
537148
1760
包括琦塔在內，
09:10
who today, 11 years later,
179
538932
2659
今天已經是 11 年後了，
09:13
is sleeping in her own bed
180
541615
2209
她現在能睡在自己的床上，
09:15
and is sober.
181
543848
1414
而且沒喝醉。
09:18
At the end of this pilot,
one of the young case managers said,
one of the young case managers said,
182
546450
3042
在這次試驗結束時，
其中一位年輕的個案經理說：
其中一位年輕的個案經理說：
09:21
"We used to debate
up at our university classes
up at our university classes
183
549516
2296
「我們以前在大學上課時會爭論
09:23
which theory of case management
was the most effective.
was the most effective.
184
551836
2855
哪一種個案管理理論最有效。
09:27
Now our theory of case management is:
185
555275
2374
現在我們的個案管理理論是：
09:29
anything necessary to keep them housed."
186
557673
3000
做所有必要的事
來讓他們繼續住在住房中。」
來讓他們繼續住在住房中。」
09:33
We became believers,
187
561868
1821
我們成為了信徒，
09:35
and built hundreds of units
over those next 10 years,
over those next 10 years,
188
563713
3484
在接下來的十年，
建立了數百個單位，
建立了數百個單位，
09:39
leading to the reduction of our statewide
chronic homeless population
chronic homeless population
189
567221
4074
結果是將全州的長期無家可歸人口數
09:43
of 91 percent.
190
571319
1357
減少了 91%。
09:45
Now, who are homeless people?
191
573445
1615
無家可歸的人是誰？
09:48
Many people just want them
to go away, to disappear,
to go away, to disappear,
192
576116
3051
許多人只希望他們能走開、消失，
09:51
not disrupt our lives.
193
579191
1610
不要擾亂我們的生活。
09:53
Through this 10-year, 11-year process,
I gained many insights
I gained many insights
194
581427
3241
在這 10、11 年的過程中，
我深刻理解到
我深刻理解到
09:56
of why people become homeless.
195
584692
1936
為什麼人會無家可歸。
09:59
One of those insights
came to me a few years ago
came to me a few years ago
196
587247
2388
其中一點是我在幾年前理解到的，
10:01
when I was visiting
with our medical outreach team.
with our medical outreach team.
197
589659
2611
當時我和我們的外展醫療隊
一同去做拜訪。
一同去做拜訪。
10:04
These are our frontline workers
198
592294
1524
他們是我們的前線人員，
10:05
that go out and visit
the street homeless and the prostitutes
the street homeless and the prostitutes
199
593842
2858
走出去實地拜訪街友和性工作者，
10:08
to check on their medical health.
200
596724
2969
檢查他們的健康狀況。
10:12
One of the team members mentioned
201
600588
1572
醫療隊的一名成員提到，
10:14
that eight of the prostitutes
had given birth to 31 children
had given birth to 31 children
202
602184
3924
8 位性工作者生了 31 個孩子，
10:18
that had become wards of the state.
203
606132
2436
這些孩子變成這個州要監護的人。
10:20
They also shared that some of the pimps
were their husbands,
were their husbands,
204
608592
2932
她們也分享說，
有些皮條客就是她們的丈夫，
有些皮條客就是她們的丈夫，
10:23
and worse yet,
205
611548
1194
更糟的是，
10:24
their parents.
206
612766
1424
是她們的父母。
10:28
These prostitutes,
207
616151
1789
這些性工作者
10:29
in their late teens, 20s, early 30s,
208
617964
3126
接近 20 歲、 20 多歲，
或 30 初頭，
或 30 初頭，
10:33
were expected to earn
enough money a day to support
enough money a day to support
209
621114
3515
一天得要賺足夠的錢來負擔
10:36
a hundred-dollar-a-day heroin addiction,
210
624653
2181
一百元的海洛因毒癮、
10:38
their living expenses
211
626858
1357
自己的生活花費
10:40
and their pimp.
212
628239
1384
和給皮條客的錢。
10:42
And with unprotected sex,
they were paid more,
they were paid more,
213
630615
2859
不安全的性行為讓她們可以賺更多，
10:45
and predictably,
this would lead to a pregnancy.
this would lead to a pregnancy.
214
633498
2580
但也可預期，
沒有保護措施會導致懷孕。
沒有保護措施會導致懷孕。
10:50
Children born under these circumstances
many times end up becoming homeless.
many times end up becoming homeless.
215
638219
4944
在這些情況下出生的孩子，
下場常常就是無家可歸。
下場常常就是無家可歸。
10:55
And it's not helpful to look at
those born under those circumstances,
those born under those circumstances,
216
643763
4665
如果不感到絕望地去看待
在那些情況下出生的孩子，
在那些情況下出生的孩子，
11:00
or a parent that makes their child
a drug addict at age seven,
a drug addict at age seven,
217
648452
3566
或是讓孩子在七歲
就變成毒蟲的父母，
就變成毒蟲的父母，
11:04
or a generation of babies
born through drug addiction,
born through drug addiction,
218
652042
2686
或是染毒父母所生下的寶寶，
11:07
and not feel some despair.
219
655990
1640
那是沒有幫助的。
11:10
For me, I believe
every person is of value,
every person is of value,
220
658184
4579
對我而言，我相信
每個人都有其價值，
每個人都有其價值，
11:15
no matter who you are.
221
663379
1599
不論你是誰。
11:18
And it's not helpful to look
at somebody with this start in life
at somebody with this start in life
222
666827
4054
對於人生起跑點是這個樣子的人，
去責怪他們的處境，
去責怪他們的處境，
11:22
and blame them for where they are.
223
670905
2096
是沒有幫助的。
11:27
(Applause)
224
675843
4814
（掌聲）
11:33
No one grows up saying,
"My goal in life is to become homeless."
"My goal in life is to become homeless."
225
681666
4180
沒有人在成長過程中會說：
「我的人生目標是要無家可歸。」
「我的人生目標是要無家可歸。」
11:39
And that's the beauty of the harm
reduction and Housing First model.
reduction and Housing First model.
226
687798
4399
那就是減少傷害
和住屋優先模型的美好之處。
和住屋優先模型的美好之處。
11:44
It recognizes the complexities
of the different factors
of the different factors
227
692877
3735
它能認清一個人的人生
是由許多不同的複雜因子所形成。
11:48
that can shape a human life.
228
696636
1910
11:50
These models meet people where they are,
229
698570
3532
這些模型看的是那些人的處境，
11:54
not where we are
230
702740
1557
而不是我們的處境，
也不是我們認為他們該有的處境。
11:56
or where we think they should be.
231
704807
1794
12:00
The pilot we did with our 17
taught us many lessons.
taught us many lessons.
232
708891
5261
我們做的 17 人試驗
教了我們許多東西。
教了我們許多東西。
12:06
When people have been living
on the street for many years,
on the street for many years,
233
714953
2800
當人們流落街頭許多年，
12:09
moving back into housing
234
717777
1693
要搬回到住房中
12:12
requires lots of things to learn.
235
720218
2116
會需要學很多事。
12:15
And Donald
236
723570
1272
而唐諾，
12:18
taught us some
of these transition lessons.
of these transition lessons.
237
726417
2627
教我們去了解一些這種轉變。
12:21
His case manager asked him
why he had not turned up the heat
why he had not turned up the heat
238
729068
2935
他的個案經理問他，
為什麼公寓那麼冷
為什麼公寓那麼冷
12:24
in his cold apartment.
239
732027
1238
還不把暖氣打開？
12:25
Donald said, "How do you do that?"
240
733986
1622
唐諾說：「要如何打開？」
12:28
He was shown how to use a thermostat.
241
736412
2073
這才有人教他如何用自動調溫器。
12:31
The case manager also observed
242
739694
1918
個案經理也觀察到，
12:33
that he was heating the beans
in the can on the stove,
in the can on the stove,
243
741636
3415
他會在爐上加熱罐頭裡的豆子，
12:37
like he had done over
the campfires for many years.
the campfires for many years.
244
745075
2501
就像他多年來用營火加熱一樣。
12:40
He was shown how to use pots and pans.
245
748902
2015
這才有人教他如何用壺和鍋。
12:43
We also learned that he had a sister
that he had not seen in 25 years,
that he had not seen in 25 years,
246
751850
3563
我們也知道他有個姐妹，
25 年沒見到了，
25 年沒見到了，
12:47
who thought he was dead.
247
755437
1436
她認為他已經死了。
12:49
She was happy to learn otherwise,
248
757643
1867
她很高興發現他沒死，
12:51
and they were soon reconnected.
249
759534
1595
他們兩人很快就再聯絡上。
12:53
Hundreds of people like Keta
and Donald are now housed
and Donald are now housed
250
761833
4238
有數百個像琦塔及唐諾的人
現在有房子可以住，
現在有房子可以住，
12:58
and reconnecting with their families.
251
766095
2076
並和家人重新取得聯絡。
13:00
Also, many of our
communities are incurring
communities are incurring
252
768980
2256
此外，我們許多社區要負擔的
13:03
fewer emergency services costs.
253
771260
2246
緊急服務成本也變低了。
13:06
I have learned over and over again
254
774919
2790
我一而再再而三地學到，
13:10
that when you listen to somebody's story
with an open heart,
with an open heart,
255
778395
3376
當你打開心去傾聽一個人的故事，
13:14
walk in their shoes with them,
256
782466
2217
換到他們的角度去思考，
13:16
you can't help but love and care for them
257
784707
2887
你就一定會去愛他們、關心他們，
13:20
and want to serve them.
258
788721
1414
會想服務他們。
13:24
This is why I'm committed
259
792595
2634
這就是為什麼我承諾
13:27
to continuing to bring hope and support
to our homeless citizens,
to our homeless citizens,
260
795253
5474
要繼續把希望與支持
帶給無家可歸的市民，
帶給無家可歸的市民，
13:32
who I consider to be
my brothers and sisters.
my brothers and sisters.
261
800751
3960
我把他們視為是我的兄弟姐妹。
13:36
Thank you.
262
804735
1156
謝謝。
13:37
(Applause)
263
805915
5638
（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lloyd Pendleton - Homeless advocateLloyd Pendleton wants to eliminate chronic homelessness.
Why you should listen
After retiring from high-ranking positions at Ford Motor Company and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Lloyd Pendleton began his second career as the Director of Utah's Homeless Task Force in 2006. His goal: to functionally eliminate the state's chronic homelessness problem within 10 years. Through Utah's Housing First program, Pendleton prioritized providing the homeless with short-term assistance to find permanent housing quickly, and without conditions. With access to permanent, stable housing, individuals were better equipped to sustainably improve their wellbeing. The Housing First approach succeeded in reducing the number of homeless from 1,932 to 168 by 2016. Pendleton retired from state employment in June 2015 and has since been consulting with other states about different approaches to eliminate chronic homelessness.
Lloyd Pendleton | Speaker | TED.com