ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Temple Grandin - Livestock handling designer, autism activist
Through groundbreaking research and the lens of her own autism, Temple Grandin brings startling insight into two worlds.

Why you should listen

An expert on animal behavior, Temple Grandin has designed humane handling systems for half the cattle-processing facilities in the US, and consults with the meat industry to develop animal welfare guidelines. As PETA wrote when awarding her a 2004 Proggy: “Dr. Grandin's improvements to animal-handling systems found in slaughterhouses have decreased the amount of fear and pain that animals experience in their final hours, and she is widely considered the world's leading expert on the welfare of cattle and pigs.” In 2010, Time Magazine listed her as one of its most Important People of the Year. She is also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Grandin’s books about her interior life as an autistic person have increased the world's understanding of the condition with personal immediacy -- and with import, as rates of autism diagnosis rise. She is revered by animal rights groups and members of autistic community, perhaps because in both regards she is a voice for those who are sometimes challenged to make themselves heard. 

More profile about the speaker
Temple Grandin | Speaker | TED.com
TED2010

Temple Grandin: The world needs all kinds of minds

天寶葛蘭汀:世界需要多種思維的人

Filmed:
5,588,848 views

天寶葛蘭汀:從小被診斷為一個自閉症患者,她談論她的心智運作的模式,分享她的圖像思考模式,這種圖像思考,幫助她解決一般想法會錯失的問題,她舉出一些實證,說明:這世界需要視覺思考,模式思考和語言思考,以及所有聰明的怪咖孩子。
- Livestock handling designer, autism activist
Through groundbreaking research and the lens of her own autism, Temple Grandin brings startling insight into two worlds. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
I think I'll start開始 out and just talk a little bit about
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我想我會以簡單談談
00:17
what exactly究竟 autism自閉症 is.
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自閉症是什麼做為開場
00:19
Autism自閉症 is a very big continuum連續
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自閉症是非常大的範疇
00:22
that goes from very severe嚴重 -- the child兒童 remains遺跡 non-verbal非語言 --
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從非常嚴重 小朋友不會說話
00:25
all the way up to brilliant輝煌 scientists科學家們 and engineers工程師.
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到天才的科學家及工程師
00:28
And I actually其實 feel at home here,
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事實上我覺得這裡像家一樣
00:30
because there's a lot of autism自閉症 genetics遺傳學 here.
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因為在這有許多有自閉症基因的
00:32
You wouldn't不會 have any...
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各位不會有任何....
00:34
(Applause掌聲)
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鼓掌
00:38
It's a continuum連續 of traits性狀.
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這是連續的特徵
00:40
When does a nerd書呆子 turn into
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一個書呆子何時變成
00:43
Asperger阿斯伯格, which哪一個 is just mild溫和 autism自閉症?
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亞斯柏格 這只是中等自閉症
00:45
I mean, Einstein愛因斯坦 and Mozart莫扎特
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愛因斯坦 莫札特
00:48
and Tesla特斯拉 would all be probably大概 diagnosed確診
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和特斯拉在今日都有可能被診斷為
00:50
as autistic自閉症 spectrum光譜 today今天.
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自閉症者
00:52
And one of the things that is really going to concern關心 me is
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現在我真正擔心的一件事是
00:55
getting得到 these kids孩子 to be the ones那些 that are going to invent發明
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如何培育這些
00:58
the next下一個 energy能源 things,
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負責打造未來的孩子們
01:00
you know, that Bill法案 Gates蓋茨 talked about this morning早上.
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這問題比爾蓋茲今早有談到
01:04
OK. Now, if you want to understand理解
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現在若你想了解
01:06
autism自閉症, animals動物.
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自閉症 動物
01:08
And I want to talk to you now about different不同 ways方法 of thinking思維.
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我要跟各位談談不同的思考模式
01:10
You have to get away from verbal口頭 language語言.
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你必須忘記文字語言
01:13
I think in pictures圖片,
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我是以圖像為思考
01:15
I don't think in language語言.
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我不以語言為思考
01:18
Now, the thing about the autistic自閉症 mind心神
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自閉兒的腦
01:20
is it attends出席 to details細節.
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是專注於細節
01:23
OK, this is a test測試 where you either have to
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這是一個你必須選擇
01:25
pick out the big letters, or pick out the little letters,
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大字母或小字母的測試
01:27
and the autistic自閉症 mind心神 picks精選 out the
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而自閉症的腦子
01:29
little letters more quickly很快.
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選出小字母比較快
01:31
And the thing is, the normal正常 brain ignores忽略 the details細節.
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正常的腦子忽略細節
01:35
Well, if you're building建造 a bridge, details細節 are pretty漂亮 important重要
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若你要建造一座橋 細節是很重要的
01:37
because it will fall秋季 down if you ignore忽視 the details細節.
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若你忽視細節 橋會垮掉
01:40
And one of my big concerns關注 with a lot of policy政策 things today今天
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我最大的疑慮是現今的多數的政策
01:43
is things are getting得到 too abstract抽象.
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使事物變得太抽象
01:45
People are getting得到 away from doing
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人們漸漸遠離
01:47
hands-on動手 stuff東東.
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親手實作
01:49
I'm really concerned關心 that a lot of the schools學校 have taken採取 out
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我真的很擔心許多學校取消了
01:51
the hands-on動手 classes,
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動手實作的課程
01:53
because art藝術, and classes like that,
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因為藝術及這類課程
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those are the classes where I excelled出色.
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是我表現最好的課程
01:57
In my work with cattle黃牛,
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當我研究牛時
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I noticed注意到 a lot of little things that most people don't notice注意
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我注意到許多大部分人不注意的小事
02:02
would make the cattle黃牛 balk梁木. Like, for example,
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那些會讓牛畏懼 比如像
02:04
this flag waving揮手, right in front面前 of the veterinary獸醫 facility設施.
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獸醫中心前方飄揚的旗幟
02:07
This feed飼料 yard was going to tear眼淚 down their whole整個 veterinary獸醫 facility設施;
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這會讓牠們想把整座獸醫中心拆除
02:10
all they needed需要 to do was move移動 the flag.
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人們只需要遷移旗杆
02:12
Rapid快速 movement運動, contrast對比.
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快速的遷移
02:15
In the early '70s when I started開始, I got right down
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在70年代早期我剛開始時  我親自去
02:17
in the chutes滑槽 to see what cattle黃牛 were seeing眼看.
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陡槽觀察牛隻看到什麼
02:19
People thought that was crazy. A coat塗層 on a fence籬笆 would make them balk梁木,
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別人認為我很瘋狂 大衣掛在圍籬上會使牛群畏懼
02:22
shadows陰影 would make them balk梁木, a hose軟管 on the floor地板 ...
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陰影會讓他們畏怯 地上的水管也是
02:25
people weren't noticing注意到 these things --
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人們不去注意這些事
02:27
a chain hanging down --
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這些都是連鎖反應
02:29
and that's shown顯示 very, very nicely很好 in the movie電影.
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電影裡都是美化的
02:31
In fact事實, I loved喜愛 the movie電影, how they
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事實上我很喜愛電影劇情中他們
02:33
duplicated複製 all my projects項目. That's the geek極客 side.
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複製所有我的研究專案的方式 那是我怪咖的一面
02:35
My drawings圖紙 got to star in the movie電影 too.
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我的手繪圖也在電影裡客串一角
02:38
And actually其實 it's called "Temple寺廟 Grandin格蘭丁,"
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這電影叫做「天寶葛蘭汀」
02:40
not "Thinking思維 In Pictures圖片."
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不是「圖像思考」
02:42
So, what is thinking思維 in pictures圖片? It's literally按照字面 movies電影
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所以 什麼是圖像思考 按照字面的意思是
02:44
in your head.
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你腦中的電影
02:46
My mind心神 works作品 like Google谷歌 for images圖片.
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我腦子的運作就像是Google搜尋圖片
02:48
Now, when I was a young年輕 kid孩子 I didn't know my thinking思維 was different不同.
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當我還小時 我不知道我的思考和別人不同
02:51
I thought everybody每個人 thought in pictures圖片.
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我以為每個人都是以圖像來思考
02:53
And then when I did my book, "Thinking思維 In Pictures圖片,"
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後來當我寫「圖像思考」時
02:55
I start開始 interviewing面試 people about how they think.
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我開始訪談一些人看他們如何思考
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And I was shocked吃驚 to find out that
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我很訝異的發現我的思考方式
03:00
my thinking思維 was quite相當 different不同. Like if I say,
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是非常不同的 就像我說的
03:02
"Think about a church教會 steeple尖頂"
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「想像一下教堂的尖頂」
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most people get this sort分類 of generalized一般性 generic通用 one.
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大部分的人得到的是一般普通的尖頂
03:06
Now, maybe that's not true真正 in this room房間,
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或許對現場的各位不是如此
03:08
but it's going to be true真正 in a lot of different不同 places地方.
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但在許多不同地方卻是如此
03:12
I see only specific具體 pictures圖片.
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我只看得到特定的圖像
03:14
They flash up into my memory記憶, just like Google谷歌 for pictures圖片.
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它們由我記憶中跳出 就像Google搜尋到的圖片
03:18
And in the movie電影, they've他們已經 got a great scene現場 in there
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在電影中 有一幕很棒的場景
03:20
where the word "shoe" is said, and a whole整個 bunch of '50s and '60s shoes
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當「鞋」這一字被說出時 一大堆50及60年代的鞋子
03:24
pop流行的 into my imagination想像力.
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就跳入我腦海中
03:26
OK, there is my childhood童年 church教會,
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這是我小時候的教堂
03:28
that's specific具體. There's some more, Fort Collins柯林斯.
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很明確 還有更多 像科林斯堡
03:31
OK, how about famous著名 ones那些?
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那些有名氣的又如何呢
03:33
And they just kind of come up, kind of like this.
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它們會出現 有點像這樣
03:36
Just really quickly很快, like Google谷歌 for pictures圖片.
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只是非常快速 像Google搜尋圖片
03:39
And they come up one at a time,
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它們一次出現一張
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and then I think, "OK, well maybe we can have it snow,
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然後我會想  或許我們可以有點雪
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or we can have a thunderstorm雷雨,"
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或是來場暴風雨
03:45
and I can hold保持 it there and turn them into videos視頻.
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我們可以定格然後轉為影片
03:48
Now, visual視覺 thinking思維 was a tremendous巨大 asset財富
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圖像思考在我設計牛隻管理中心時
03:51
in my work designing設計 cattle-handling牛處理 facilities設備.
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是巨大的資產
03:54
And I've worked工作 really hard on improving提高
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我非常努力的在研究改良
03:56
how cattle黃牛 are treated治療 at the slaughter屠宰 plant.
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牛隻在屠宰廠的待遇
03:58
I'm not going to go into any guckygucky slaughter屠宰 slides幻燈片.
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我不會介紹任何噁心屠宰的幻燈片
04:01
I've got that stuff東東 up on YouTubeYouTube的 if you want to look at it.
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若各位想看的話我把那些都放在Youtube上了
04:03
But, one of the things that I was able能夠 to do in my design設計 work
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在我的設計工作中
04:07
is I could actually其實 test測試 run
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我可以在腦海中直接測試
04:09
a piece of equipment設備 in my mind心神,
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看它是否可行
04:11
just like a virtual虛擬 reality現實 computer電腦 system系統.
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就像一台虛擬實境的電腦系統
04:14
And this is an aerial天線 view視圖
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這是一幅娛樂中心的鳥瞰圖
04:16
of a recreation娛樂 of one of my projects項目 that was used in the movie電影.
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在電影中有提到 它是我進行的其中一項計畫
04:19
That was like just so super cool.
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這是非常酷的
04:21
And there were a lot of kind of Asperger阿斯伯格 types類型
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有許多亞斯柏格症的人
04:23
and autism自閉症 types類型 working加工 out there on the movie電影 set too.
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和自閉症的人也在電影場景中工作
04:26
(Laughter笑聲)
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笑聲
04:28
But one of the things that really worries me
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其中有件事讓我很擔心的是
04:30
is: Where's哪裡 the younger更年輕 version of those kids孩子 going today今天?
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今日的孩子們將被帶往何處
04:34
They're not ending結尾 up in Silicon Valley, where they belong屬於.
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他們不會被帶到矽谷 矽谷才是他們的地方
04:37
(Laughter笑聲)
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笑聲
04:40
(Applause掌聲)
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鼓掌
04:45
Now, one of the things I learned學到了 very early on because I wasn't that social社會,
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我不是很社會化 所以我在很早期學到的一件事就是
04:48
is I had to sell my work, and not myself.
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我必須販賣我的作品 而不是我本身
04:52
And the way I sold出售 livestock家畜 jobs工作
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我想獲得和家畜有關的工作
04:54
is I showed顯示 off my drawings圖紙, I showed顯示 off pictures圖片 of things.
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用的方式是展現我的繪稿 我用繪畫的說明
04:57
Another另一個 thing that helped幫助 me as a little kid孩子
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另一個對我有幫助的是 當我還小時
04:59
is, boy男孩, in the '50s, you were taught manners禮貌.
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在50年代 你被教導要有禮貌
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You were taught you can't pull the merchandise商品 off the shelves貨架
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你被教導不能在商店裡隨便拿貨加上的商品
05:03
in the store商店 and throw it around.
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又隨處亂放
05:05
Now, when kids孩子 get to be in third第三 or fourth第四 grade年級,
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當小朋友在三或四年級時
05:08
you might威力 see that this kid's孩子的 going to be a visual視覺 thinker思想家,
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你可以發現這小孩將成為一位圖像思考者
05:11
drawing畫畫 in perspective透視. Now, I want to
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以透視法來作圖 我要強調
05:13
emphasize注重 that not every一切 autistic自閉症 kid孩子
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並非所有的自閉症兒
05:15
is going to be a visual視覺 thinker思想家.
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都是圖像思考者
05:17
Now, I had this brain scan掃描 doneDONE several一些 years年份 ago,
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我許多年前做過腦部掃描
05:21
and I used to joke玩笑 around about having a
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我以前常開玩笑說
05:23
gigantic巨大 Internet互聯網 trunk樹幹 line
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我有這條很粗的網路幹線
05:25
going deep into my visual視覺 cortex皮質.
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深入我的視覺皮層
05:27
This is tensor張量 imaging成像.
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這是張量造影
05:29
And my great big internet互聯網 trunk樹幹 line
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我的巨大的網路幹線
05:31
is twice兩次 as big as the control's控制的.
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比控制組的大兩倍
05:33
The red lines there are me,
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紅線是我的
05:35
and the blue藍色 lines are the sex性別 and age-matched年齡匹配 control控制.
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藍線是性別及年齡和我相符的控制組
05:39
And there I got a gigantic巨大 one,
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我有這條巨大的幹線
05:41
and the control控制 over there, the blue藍色 one,
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對照組的是藍色線
05:43
has got a really small one.
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很細
05:47
And some of the research研究 now is showing展示
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目前有些研究顯示
05:49
is that people on the spectrum光譜 actually其實 think with primary visual視覺 cortex皮質.
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自閉症的人 以視覺皮層為主要的的思考
05:53
Now, the thing is, the visual視覺 thinker's思想家的 just one kind of mind心神.
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重點是 視覺思只是其中一種思考方式
05:56
You see, the autistic自閉症 mind心神 tends趨向 to be a specialist專家 mind心神 --
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自閉症通常擁有比較特別的心智
05:59
good at one thing, bad at something else其他.
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往往在某一方面很好 但在其他方面很糟
06:03
And where I was bad was algebra代數. And I was never allowed允許
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我的代數很糟 我無法選擇
06:05
to take geometry幾何 or trigTRIG.
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幾何學或三角函數的課程
06:07
Gigantic巨大 mistake錯誤: I'm finding發現 a lot of kids孩子 who need to skip跳躍 algebra代數,
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這是很嚴重的錯誤 我發現許多孩童需要跳過代數
06:10
go right to geometry幾何 and trigTRIG.
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直接學幾何或是三角函數
06:12
Now, another另一個 kind of mind心神 is the pattern模式 thinker思想家.
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另外一種思考方式是模式思考者
06:15
More abstract抽象. These are your engineers工程師,
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更抽象 就像是工程師
06:17
your computer電腦 programmers程序員.
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電腦程式師
06:19
Now, this is pattern模式 thinking思維. That praying祈禱 mantis
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這是模式思考 那隻祈禱的螳螂
06:21
is made製作 from a single sheet of paper --
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是由單一的一張紙做出來的
06:23
no scotch蘇格蘭人 tape膠帶, no cuts削減.
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沒膠帶 沒裁剪
06:25
And there in the background背景 is the pattern模式 for folding摺頁 it.
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後面就是折疊的圖案
06:28
Here are the types類型 of thinking思維:
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思考的種類如下:
06:30
photo-realistic照片般逼真的 visual視覺 thinkers思想家, like me;
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圖像寫實視覺思考 像我就是
06:33
pattern模式 thinkers思想家, music音樂 and math數學 minds頭腦.
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模式思考者 音樂家及數學家的心智
06:37
Some of these oftentimes通常情況下 have problems問題 with reading.
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這類的人常有閱讀上的問題
06:39
You also will see these kind of problems問題
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你也會發現有朗讀問題的孩童
06:41
with kids孩子 that are dyslexic誦讀困難.
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也會有這方面的特徵
06:44
You'll你會 see these different不同 kinds of minds頭腦.
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你將發現這些不同種類的心智
06:46
And then there's a verbal口頭 mind心神, they know every一切 fact事實 about everything.
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還有口語的心智  他們知道所有事情的理論
06:49
Now, another另一個 thing is the sensory感覺的 issues問題.
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另一個議題是感知問題
06:51
I was really concerned關心 about having to wear穿 this gadget小工具 on my face面對.
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我對必須戴這裝備很憂慮
06:55
And I came來了 in half an hour小時 beforehand預先
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我在開場前半小時就到場
06:58
so I could have it put on and kind of get used to it,
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將設備安裝好 並且習慣它
07:00
and they got it bent彎曲 so it's not hitting my chin下巴.
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為了不要碰到我的下巴 他們還把它折彎了
07:03
But sensory感覺的 is an issue問題. Some kids孩子 are bothered困擾 by fluorescent lights燈火;
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感知是個問題  有些孩童會被日光燈干擾
07:06
others其他 have problems問題 with sound聲音 sensitivity靈敏度.
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有些則有聲音敏感的問題
07:09
You know, it's going to be variable變量.
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各類型的問題都有
07:12
Now, visual視覺 thinking思維 gave me a whole整個 lot of insight眼光
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視覺思考讓我了解很多
07:16
into the animal動物 mind心神.
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動物的想法
07:18
Because think about it: An animal動物 is a sensory-based感覺型 thinker思想家,
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想想看 動物是一種以感知為基礎的思考者
07:21
not verbal口頭 -- thinks in pictures圖片,
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不是以文字 而是以圖像
07:25
thinks in sounds聲音, thinks in smells氣味.
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以聲音來思考 以氣味來思考
07:28
Think about how much information信息 there is there on the local本地 fire hydrant消防栓.
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想想看 路邊的消防栓上有多少的資訊
07:31
He knows知道 who's誰是 been there, when they were there.
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牠知道誰去過那裡 知道何時去那裡
07:34
Are they friend朋友 or foe敵人? Is there anybody任何人 he can go mate伴侶 with?
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是友是敵 有誰可以當伴的嗎
07:37
There's a ton of information信息 on that fire hydrant消防栓.
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消防栓有數以萬計的訊息
07:40
It's all very detailed詳細 information信息,
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全都是非常細節的資訊
07:44
and, looking at these kind of details細節
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觀察這種細節
07:46
gave me a lot of insight眼光 into animals動物.
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讓我更深入了解動物
07:48
Now, the animal動物 mind心神, and also my mind心神,
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動物的思考與我的思考
07:52
puts看跌期權 sensory-based感覺型 information信息
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都是將感官的訊息
07:54
into categories類別.
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歸類處理
07:56
Man on a horse
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人騎在馬上
07:58
and a man on the ground地面 --
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和站在地上
08:00
that is viewed觀看 as two totally完全 different不同 things.
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視為完全不同的事物
08:02
You could have a horse that's been abused濫用 by a rider騎士.
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一匹被騎士虐待過的馬
08:05
They'll他們會 be absolutely絕對 fine with the veterinarian獸醫
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獸醫檢查過沒問題
08:07
and with the horseshoerhorseshoer, but you can't ride him.
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也可以釘馬蹄鐵 但你就是不能騎牠
08:10
You have another另一個 horse, where maybe the horseshoerhorseshoer beat擊敗 him up
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另一匹馬 也許馬夫打過牠
08:13
and he'll地獄 be terrible可怕 for anything on the ground地面,
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牠將永遠對地上的事物感到恐懼
08:15
with the veterinarian獸醫, but a person can ride him.
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即使獸醫也不例外 但人們可以騎牠
08:18
Cattle黃牛 are the same相同 way.
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牛隻也不例外
08:20
Man on a horse,
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騎在馬上的人
08:22
a man on foot腳丫子 -- they're two different不同 things.
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與站在地上的人 被視為兩件絕然不同的事
08:24
You see, it's a different不同 picture圖片.
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你看這是不同的圖片
08:26
See, I want you to think about just how specific具體 this is.
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各位想想看 這是多麼具體的細節
08:29
Now, this ability能力 to put information信息 into categories類別,
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這種將資訊歸類的能力
08:33
I find a lot of people are not very good at this.
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我發覺許多人並不擅長這種能力
08:36
When I'm out troubleshooting故障排除 equipment設備
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當我去察看問題設備
08:38
or problems問題 with something in a plant,
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或農場東西有問題時
08:40
they don't seem似乎 to be able能夠 to figure數字 out, "Do I have a training訓練 people issue問題?
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他們似乎是無法發覺問題所在 「我有人力訓練的問題嗎?」
08:44
Or do I have something wrong錯誤 with the equipment設備?"
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或是「我的設備有問題嗎?」
08:46
In other words, categorize分類 equipment設備 problem問題
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換句話說 將問題歸類於設備
08:48
from a people problem問題.
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或是人力的問題
08:50
I find a lot of people have difficulty困難 doing that.
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我發現很多人不會這麼做
08:53
Now, let's say I figure數字 out it's an equipment設備 problem問題.
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這樣說吧!這是設備問題
08:56
Is it a minor次要 problem問題, with something simple簡單 I can fix固定?
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一個小的,簡單的我就可以處理的問題?
08:58
Or is the whole整個 design設計 of the system系統 wrong錯誤?
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還是這是整個系統的錯誤設計?
09:01
People have a hard time figuring盤算 that out.
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人們很難分辨
09:04
Let's just look at something like, you know,
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讓我們來看看這個
09:06
solving problems問題 with making製造 airlines航空公司 safer更安全.
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如何解決問題讓飛機更安全
09:08
Yeah, I'm a million-mile百萬英里 flier傳單.
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是的 我是個飛行常客
09:10
I do lots and lots of flying飛行,
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我常在飛行
09:12
and if I was at the FAAFAA,
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我若是任職FFA
09:15
what would I be doing a lot of direct直接 observation意見 of?
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我會把觀察重點放在哪裡呢?
09:19
It would be their airplane飛機 tails尾巴.
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飛機的機尾
09:21
You know, five fatal致命 wrecks沉船 in the last 20 years年份,
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過去20年間有5次嚴重的失事
09:24
the tail尾巴 either came來了 off or steering操舵 stuff東東 inside the tail尾巴 broke打破
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不是機尾脫落就是機尾內導向的零件故障
09:28
in some way.
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形式不一
09:30
It's tails尾巴, pure and simple簡單.
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就是機尾 簡單明瞭
09:32
And when the pilots飛行員 walk步行 around the plane平面, guess猜測 what? They can't see
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當駕駛員檢查時 他們就是看不出來
09:34
that stuff東東 inside the tail尾巴.
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機尾的問題
09:36
You know, now as I think about that,
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現在當我思考那問題時
09:38
I'm pulling up all of that specific具體 information信息.
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我提出所有確切的資訊
09:41
It's specific具體. See, my thinking's思考的 bottom-up自下而上.
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很明確的 所以 我的思考是從細節到全體
09:44
I take all the little pieces and I put the pieces together一起 like a puzzle難題.
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我將所有的小片段放在一起就像拼圖一樣
09:48
Now, here is a horse that was deathly死一般 afraid害怕
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這是一隻非常害怕
09:50
of black黑色 cowboy牛仔 hats帽子.
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黑色牛仔帽的馬
09:52
He'd他會 been abused濫用 by somebody with a black黑色 cowboy牛仔 hat帽子.
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牠曾被戴黑色牛仔帽的人虐待過
09:54
White白色 cowboy牛仔 hats帽子, that was absolutely絕對 fine.
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白色牛仔帽則完全沒問題
09:57
Now, the thing is, the world世界 is going to need
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這世界將需要
10:00
all of the different不同 kinds of minds頭腦
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各種型態心智的人
10:02
to work together一起.
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一起合作
10:04
We've我們已經 got to work on developing發展 all these different不同 kinds of minds頭腦.
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我們必須合力開發所有類型的心智
10:07
And one of the things that is driving主動 me really crazy,
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有件讓我真的很受不了的事就是
10:10
as I travel旅行 around and I do autism自閉症 meetings會議,
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當我四處旅行 參加自閉症會議時
10:12
is I'm seeing眼看 a lot of smart聰明, geeky令人討厭, nerdy書呆子 kids孩子,
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我遇到很多聰明 怪咖 書呆的孩童
10:15
and they just aren't very social社會,
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他們只是不太懂社交
10:18
and nobody's沒有人是 working加工 on developing發展 their interest利益
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而沒有人對他們的興趣進行開發
10:20
in something like science科學.
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像在科學方面
10:22
And this brings帶來 up the whole整個 thing of my science科學 teacher老師.
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這讓我想到我的科學老師
10:25
My science科學 teacher老師 is shown顯示 absolutely絕對 beautifully精美 in the movie電影.
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我的科學老師在電影中被描述的非常美好
10:28
I was a goofballgoofball student學生. When I was in high school學校
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當我中學時 我曾是個傻瓜呆的學生
10:30
I just didn't care關心 at all about studying研究,
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我對學習完全不關心
10:33
until直到 I had Mr先生. Carlock's卡洛克的 science科學 class.
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直到我上了卡拉克老師的科學課
10:36
He was now Dr博士. Carlock卡洛克 in the movie電影.
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就電影裡的卡拉克博士
10:39
And he got me challenged挑戰
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他把我帶到一個
10:42
to figure數字 out an optical光纖 illusion錯覺 room房間.
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充滿視覺虛幻的房間
10:45
This brings帶來 up the whole整個 thing of you've got to show顯示 kids孩子
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由此可知 大家必需展現有趣的事物
10:47
interesting有趣 stuff東東.
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引起孩子們的興趣
10:49
You know, one of the things that I think maybe TEDTED ought應該 to do
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有一件事我覺得TED應該要做
10:52
is tell all the schools學校 about all the great lectures講座 that are on TEDTED,
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就是告訴所有的學校關於TED上面所有優秀的演講
10:55
and there's all kinds of great stuff東東 on the Internet互聯網
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以及網路上有各種好東西
10:57
to get these kids孩子 turned轉身 on.
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吸引這些孩童
10:59
Because I'm seeing眼看 a lot of these geeky令人討厭 nerdy書呆子 kids孩子,
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因為我遇到許多怪咖書呆的孩童
11:02
and the teachers教師 out in the Midwest中西部, and the other parts部分 of the country國家,
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中西部及國內其他地方的老師
11:05
when you get away from these tech高科技 areas,
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當遠離科技區域時
11:07
they don't know what to do with these kids孩子.
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他們就不知道該如何對待這些孩童
11:09
And they're not going down the right path路徑.
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他們並沒走在對的道路上
11:11
The thing is, you can make a mind心神
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重點是你可以讓心智成為
11:13
to be more of a thinking思維 and cognitive認知 mind心神,
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屬於思考及認知的心智
11:16
or your mind心神 can be wired有線 to be more social社會.
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或是變得更社會化
11:19
And what some of the research研究 now has shown顯示 in autism自閉症
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現今有些自閉症的研究指出
11:21
is there may可能 by extra額外 wiring接線 back here,
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在天才的腦中有許多額外的連結
11:23
in the really brilliant輝煌 mind心神, and we lose失去 a few少數 social社會 circuits電路 here.
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而我們只是缺少一些社交的連線
11:26
It's kind of a trade-off交易 between之間 thinking思維 and social社會.
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或許兩者是彼此消長
11:30
And then you can get into the point where it's so severe嚴重
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到達某種極端程度時
11:32
you're going to have a person that's going to be non-verbal非語言.
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人就會變得無法言語了
11:35
In the normal正常 human人的 mind心神
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在普通的人腦中
11:37
language語言 covers蓋子 up the visual視覺 thinking思維 we share分享 with animals動物.
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語言的區域覆蓋了視覺區域 後者我們和動物一樣
11:40
This is the work of Dr博士. Bruce布魯斯 Miller磨坊主.
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這是布魯斯米勒博士的作品
11:43
And he studied研究 Alzheimer's老年癡呆症 patients耐心
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他研究有老人失智患者中的
11:46
that had frontal前面的 temporal lobe dementia癡呆.
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額顳葉症呆患者
11:48
And the dementia癡呆 ate out the language語言 parts部分 of the brain,
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失智症侵蝕腦中語言部份
11:51
and then this artwork藝術品 came來了 out of somebody who used to install安裝 stereos音響 in cars汽車.
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這藝術作品由一位安裝汽車音響的人所做的
11:56
Now, Van麵包車 Gogh梵高 doesn't know anything about physics物理,
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梵谷對物理全然不解
12:00
but I think it's very interesting有趣
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但是我認為非常有趣的是
12:02
that there was some work doneDONE to show顯示 that
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這幅畫裡
12:04
this eddy渦流 pattern模式 in this painting繪畫
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這些漩渦狀的圖案
12:06
followed其次 a statistical統計 model模型 of turbulence動亂,
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遵循了亂流的統計模型
12:09
which哪一個 brings帶來 up the whole整個 interesting有趣 idea理念
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這引發了一整個有趣的想法
12:11
of maybe some of this mathematical數學的 patterns模式
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或許有些數學的模式
12:13
is in our own擁有 head.
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是在我們自己的腦中
12:15
And the Wolfram stuff東東 -- I was taking服用
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而我記錄的Wolfram東西及
12:17
notes筆記 and I was writing寫作 down all the
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我寫下我能使用
12:19
search搜索 words I could use,
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所有搜尋的字
12:21
because I think that's going to go on in my autism自閉症 lectures講座.
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因為我認為將會用在我自閉症的教學上
12:25
We've我們已經 got to show顯示 these kids孩子 interesting有趣 stuff東東.
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我們必須展現給有趣的事物給孩子們
12:27
And they've他們已經 taken採取 out the autoshop汽車店 class
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可惜的是學校竟然取消了工藝課程
12:29
and the drafting製圖 class and the art藝術 class.
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繪畫課及藝術課
12:31
I mean art藝術 was my best最好 subject學科 in school學校.
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藝術曾是我在學校時表現最好的科目
12:34
We've我們已經 got to think about all these different不同 kinds of minds頭腦,
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我們必需考慮到有這麼多不同類型的心智
12:36
and we've我們已經 got to absolutely絕對 work with these kind of minds頭腦,
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而且我們必需與他們一起解決問題
12:39
because we absolutely絕對 are going to need
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因為我們的未來
12:42
these kind of people in the future未來.
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正需要這一類的人
12:45
And let's talk about jobs工作.
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讓我們來談談工作
12:47
OK, my science科學 teacher老師 got me studying研究
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我的科學老師讓我學習
12:49
because I was a goofballgoofball that didn't want to study研究.
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因為我是個不想學習的傻瓜呆
12:52
But you know what? I was getting得到 work experience經驗.
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但是各位知道嗎 我獲得工作經驗
12:54
I'm seeing眼看 too many許多 of these smart聰明 kids孩子 who haven't沒有 learned學到了 basic基本 things,
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我正看到太多這類聰明的小孩沒有學習到基礎的事物
12:56
like how to be on time.
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例如如何守時
12:58
I was taught that when I was eight years年份 old.
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我8歲時就被教導要守時
13:00
You know, how to have table manners禮貌 at granny's奶奶的 Sunday星期日 party派對.
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以及如何在祖母的周日派對上有餐桌禮節
13:03
I was taught that when I was very, very young年輕.
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我在很小很小的時候就被這樣教導
13:06
And when I was 13, I had a job工作 at a dressmaker's裁縫的 shop
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當我13歲時 我在成衣廠工作
13:09
sewing針線活 clothes衣服.
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負責賣衣服
13:11
I did internships實習 in college學院,
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我在大學裡實習
13:14
I was building建造 things,
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製做物品
13:17
and I also had to learn學習 how to do assignments任務.
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我也必須學習完成分配的任務
13:20
You know, all I wanted to do was draw pictures圖片 of horses馬匹 when I was little.
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當我小的時候 我只想要畫馬的圖
13:24
My mother母親 said, "Well let's do a picture圖片 of something else其他."
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母親就說「讓我們來畫點別的東西」
13:26
They've他們已經 got to learn學習 how to do something else其他.
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他們必須學習如何做其他事物
13:28
Let's say the kid孩子 is fixated迷戀 on Legos積木.
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例如一個小孩專注在樂高上
13:30
Let's get him working加工 on building建造 different不同 things.
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我們要讓他蓋點不同的東西
13:33
The thing about the autistic自閉症 mind心神
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自閉症的思緒
13:35
is it tends趨向 to be fixated迷戀.
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是傾向於專注
13:37
Like if a kid孩子 loves racecars賽車,
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若一個小孩喜愛賽車
13:39
let's use racecars賽車 for math數學.
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讓我們運用賽車來教數學
13:41
Let's figure數字 out how long it takes a racecar賽車 to go a certain某些 distance距離.
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讓我們來算算一輛賽車行駛一段距離要多久
13:44
In other words, use that fixation固定術
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換句話說 運用專注力
13:48
in order訂購 to motivate刺激 that kid孩子, that's one of the things we need to do.
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來激勵這些孩子們 這是我們需要做的事
13:51
I really get fed美聯儲 up when they, you know, the teachers教師,
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我真覺得很不妥 當那些老師們
13:54
especially特別 when you get away from this part部分 of the country國家,
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尤其是遠離國家發展核心的偏遠區域
13:57
they don't know what to do with these smart聰明 kids孩子.
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那裡的老師不知如何對待這些聰明的小孩
13:59
It just drives驅動器 me crazy.
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這會令我抓狂
14:01
What can visual視覺 thinkers思想家 do when they grow增長 up?
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一個視覺思考的人 長大後能做些什麼
14:03
They can do graphic圖像 design設計, all kinds of stuff東東 with computers電腦,
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他們可以從事圖像設計 或跟電腦有關的所有事
14:06
photography攝影, industrial產業 design設計.
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攝影及工業設計
14:11
The pattern模式 thinkers思想家, they're the ones那些 that are going to be
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模式思考者 他們將可以成為
14:13
your mathematicians數學家, your software軟件 engineers工程師,
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各位的數學老師 電腦軟體設計師
14:16
your computer電腦 programmers程序員, all of those kinds of jobs工作.
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以及電腦程式設計師 所有這類的工作
14:20
And then you've got the word minds頭腦. They make great journalists記者,
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文字的思考者 他們可成為很優秀的記者
14:23
and they also make really, really good stage階段 actors演員.
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他們也可以成為很好的舞台演員
14:26
Because the thing about being存在 autistic自閉症 is,
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因為 身為自閉症者
14:28
I had to learn學習 social社會 skills技能 like being存在 in a play.
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我必須學習社交技巧如同身處於一齣劇中
14:31
It's just kind of -- you just have to learn學習 it.
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你就是必須學習它
14:34
And we need to be working加工 with these students學生們.
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我們必須與這些學生合作
14:37
And this brings帶來 up mentors導師.
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這就講到了導師的問題
14:39
You know, my science科學 teacher老師 was not an accredited認可 teacher老師.
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我的科學老師不是一位有認證的老師
14:42
He was a NASANASA space空間 scientist科學家.
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他曾是一位NASA太空科學家
14:44
Now, some states狀態 now are getting得到 it to where
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目前有些州採取的方式是
14:46
if you have a degree in biology生物學, or a degree in chemistry化學,
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若你有生物或化學的學位
14:48
you can come into the school學校 and teach biology生物學 or chemistry化學.
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你可以到學校教生物或化學
14:51
We need to be doing that.
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我們需要如此
14:53
Because what I'm observing觀察 is
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我觀察到的是
14:55
the good teachers教師, for a lot of these kids孩子,
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對這些孩童有益的老師
14:57
are out in the community社區 colleges高校,
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都是在社區大學裡
14:59
but we need to be getting得到 some of these good teachers教師 into the high schools學校.
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我們的高中需要引進這些好老師
15:02
Another另一個 thing that can be very, very, very successful成功 is
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另一件可以非常非常成功的事是
15:05
there is a lot of people that may可能 have retired退休
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有許多人可能從軟體業退休
15:08
from working加工 in the software軟件 industry行業, and they can teach your kid孩子.
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他們可以教這些小孩
15:11
And it doesn't matter if what they teach them is old,
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若他們教授的是很老舊的事物也沒關係
15:14
because what you're doing is you're lighting燈光 the spark火花.
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因為你所作的是點燃火花
15:17
You're getting得到 that kid孩子 turned轉身 on.
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你啟發孩子們
15:20
And you get him turned轉身 on, then he'll地獄 learn學習 all the new stuff東東.
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你開啟他們的視野 他們將學習所有的新事物
15:23
Mentors導師 are just essential必要.
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導師是至關重要的
15:25
I cannot不能 emphasize注重 enough足夠
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我無法用足夠的形容
15:27
what my science科學 teacher老師 did for me.
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來說明我的科學老師對我的影響
15:30
And we've我們已經 got to mentor導師 them, hire聘請 them.
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我們必須引導他們 雇用他們
15:33
And if you bring帶來 them in for internships實習 in your companies公司,
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若你的公司雇用他們實習
15:35
the thing about the autism自閉症, Asperger-y阿斯伯格-Y kind of mind心神,
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關於自閉症 亞斯博格類的思考者
15:38
you've got to give them a specific具體 task任務. Don't just say, "Design設計 new software軟件."
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你必需給他們一項特定的任務 別只說「設計個新軟體」
15:41
You've got to tell them something a lot more specific具體:
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你必須告訴他們更明確的東西
15:43
"Well, we're designing設計 a software軟件 for a phone電話
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「好吧!我們正要設計一套電話軟體
15:46
and it has to do some specific具體 thing.
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它必須有一些特定的功能
15:48
And it can only use so much memory記憶."
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而且它只能使用這麼多的記憶體」
15:50
That's the kind of specificity特異性 you need.
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你的指令必需明確
15:52
Well, that's the end結束 of my talk.
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好了 這是我演講的尾聲了
15:54
And I just want to thank everybody每個人 for coming未來.
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我要感謝各位的蒞臨
15:56
It was great to be here.
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非常榮幸能來到此
15:58
(Applause掌聲)
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鼓掌
16:10
Oh, you've got a question for me? OK.
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你有問題要問我 好的
16:13
(Applause掌聲)
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鼓掌
16:14
Chris克里斯 Anderson安德森: Thank you so much for that.
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克利斯安得森:謝謝你的演說
16:18
You know, you once一旦 wrote, I like this quote引用,
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你曾寫到 我很喜歡這段話
16:20
"If by some magic魔法, autism自閉症 had been
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「若因為某些奇蹟
16:22
eradicated根除 from the face面對 of the Earth地球,
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使得自閉症不存在在這世間
16:25
then men男人 would still be socializing社交 in front面前 of a wood fire
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那人類還是會在洞穴口
16:28
at the entrance入口 to a cave洞穴."
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進行社會化
16:30
Temple寺廟 Grandin格蘭丁: Because who do you think made製作 the first stone spears布蘭妮?
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天寶葛蘭汀:你認為是誰做了第一把石茅?
16:32
The Asperger阿斯伯格 guy. And if you were to get rid擺脫 of all the autism自閉症 genetics遺傳學
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就是亞斯博格患者 若去除所有自閉症遺傳
16:35
there would be no more Silicon Valley,
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矽谷就不存在了
16:37
and the energy能源 crisis危機 would not be solved解決了.
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而且能源危機也無法解決
16:39
(Applause掌聲)
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鼓掌
16:42
CACA: So, I want to ask you a couple一對 other questions問題,
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克利斯安得森:所以我想問你其他問題
16:44
and if any of these feel inappropriate不當,
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若你覺得不適當
16:46
it's okay just to say, "Next下一個 question."
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只要說「下個問題」
16:48
But if there is someone有人 here
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若現場有人
16:50
who has an autistic自閉症 child兒童,
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有自閉症的小孩
16:52
or knows知道 an autistic自閉症 child兒童
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或認識一個自閉症的小孩
16:54
and feels感覺 kind of cut off from them,
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覺得有些無法跟他們溝通
16:57
what advice忠告 would you give them?
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你會給他們什麼建議?
16:59
TGTG: Well, first of all, you've got to look at age年齡.
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天寶葛蘭汀:首先 你必須看年齡
17:01
If you have a two, three or four year old
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若你認識一個2 3或4歲的小孩
17:03
you know, no speech言語, no social社會 interaction相互作用,
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不會說話 不會互動
17:05
I can't emphasize注重 enough足夠:
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我一直強調
17:07
Don't wait, you need at least最小 20 hours小時 a week of one-to-one一到一個 teaching教學.
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不能等 你每週需要至少20小時的一對一教學
17:11
You know, the thing is, autism自閉症 comes in different不同 degrees.
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重點是自閉症是有不同程度的
17:14
There's going to be about half the people on the spectrum光譜
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在自閉症的範疇裡大約有一半的人
17:16
that are not going to learn學習 to talk, and they're not going to be working加工
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將學不會說話 他們將無法在矽谷工作
17:18
Silicon Valley, that would not be a reasonable合理 thing for them to do.
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這對他們來說並不是合理的事
17:21
But then you get the smart聰明, geeky令人討厭 kids孩子
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但你也有聰明怪咖的小孩
17:23
that have a touch觸摸 of autism自閉症,
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他們有些自閉
17:25
and that's where you've got to get them turned轉身 on
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你必須喚起他們的興趣
17:27
with doing interesting有趣 things.
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讓他們做有趣的事
17:29
I got social社會 interaction相互作用 through通過 shared共享 interest利益.
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這就是我藉由共同興趣而獲得社會化的互動
17:32
I rode騎著車 horses馬匹 with other kids孩子, I made製作 model模型 rockets火箭 with other kids孩子,
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我跟其他小孩一起騎馬 我跟其他小孩一起做火箭模型
17:36
did electronics電子產品 lab實驗室 with other kids孩子,
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做電子實驗室
17:38
and in the '60s, it was gluing膠合 mirrors鏡子
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在60年代那是將鏡子黏在橡膠膜揚聲器
17:40
onto a rubber橡膠 membrane on a speaker揚聲器 to make a light show顯示.
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做出一個燈光秀
17:43
That was like, we considered考慮 that super cool.
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那時我們認為那是超級酷的
17:46
CACA: Is it unrealistic不切實際 for them
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克利斯安得森:對他們而言
17:48
to hope希望 or think that that child兒童
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希望或是認為自閉症孩子
17:50
loves them, as some might威力, as most, wish希望?
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愛他們是不切實際的 少數可能 大多數則盼望
17:53
TGTG: Well let me tell you, that child兒童 will be loyal忠誠,
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天寶葛蘭汀:我告訴你 自閉小孩是很忠誠的
17:55
and if your house is burning燃燒 down, they're going to get you out of it.
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若你的房子發生火災 他們會衝進去救你出來
17:57
CACA: Wow. So, most people, if you ask them
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克利斯安得森:哇 若你問大多數人
18:00
what are they most passionate多情 about, they'd他們會 say things like,
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他們最有熱情在什麼事物上 他們會說
18:02
"My kids孩子" or "My lover情人."
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「我的小孩」或是「我的戀人」
18:05
What are you most passionate多情 about?
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那你最有熱情在什麼事物上
18:08
TGTG: I'm passionate多情 about that the things I do
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天寶葛蘭汀:我最有熱情的事物是
18:10
are going to make the world世界 a better place地點.
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讓世界變得更美好
18:12
When I have a mother母親 of an autistic自閉症 child兒童 say,
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當我遇到有自閉症小孩的母親說
18:14
"My kid孩子 went to college學院 because of your book,
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「我的小孩因為你的書 或是
18:16
or one of your lectures講座," that makes品牌 me happy快樂.
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你教授的一堂課而進了大學」我會很快樂
18:18
You know, the slaughter屠宰 plants植物, I've worked工作 with them
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我合作過的屠宰廠
18:21
in the '80s; they were absolutely絕對 awful可怕.
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在80年代曾是相當的差勁
18:23
I developed發達 a really simple簡單 scoring得分 system系統 for slaughter屠宰 plants植物
426
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我針對屠宰廠開發一套非常簡單
18:27
where you just measure測量 outcomes結果: How many許多 cattle黃牛 fell下跌 down?
427
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只衡量結果的計分系統 幾隻牛跌倒
18:29
How many許多 cattle黃牛 got poked with the prodder刺戳?
428
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幾隻牛被尖物戳
18:31
How many許多 cattle黃牛 are mooing鳴叫 their heads off?
429
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幾隻牛被屠宰前哀叫
18:33
And it's very, very simple簡單.
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系統非常非常簡單
18:35
You directly observe a few少數 simple簡單 things.
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你直接觀察幾項簡單的事物
18:37
It's worked工作 really well. I get satisfaction滿意 out of
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系統運作的很良好 在現實社會中
18:39
seeing眼看 stuff東東 that makes品牌 real真實 change更改
433
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看到員工真正的改變讓我很滿足
18:42
in the real真實 world世界. We need a lot more of that,
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我們需要更多這類的事物
18:44
and a lot less abstract抽象 stuff東東.
435
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少點抽象事物
18:46
(Applause掌聲)
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鼓掌
18:53
CACA: When we were talking on the phone電話, one of the things you said that
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克利斯安得森:當我們通電話時
18:55
really astonished驚訝 me was you said one thing
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你所說的一件事 很令我震撼
18:57
you were passionate多情 about was server服務器 farms農場. Tell me about that.
439
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就是你說你對伺服器農場很有熱情 談一談這個吧
19:01
TGTG: Well the reason原因 why I got really excited興奮 when I read about that,
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天寶葛蘭汀:最主要的原因是當我聽到
19:04
it contains包含 knowledge知識.
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它儲存知識
19:07
It's libraries圖書館.
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我就很興奮 它是圖書館
19:09
And to me, knowledge知識 is something
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對我而言 知識是
19:11
that is extremely非常 valuable有價值. So, maybe, over 10 years年份 ago
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極端的具有價值 約10年前
19:13
now our library圖書館 got flooded.
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我們的圖書館淹水
19:15
And this is before the Internet互聯網 got really big.
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這是在網路變得很普及前
19:17
And I was really upset煩亂 about all the books圖書 being存在 wrecked失事,
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我很氣所有的書因此毀了
19:19
because it was knowledge知識 being存在 destroyed銷毀.
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因為那是知識被摧毀
19:21
And server服務器 farms農場, or data數據 centers中心
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而伺服器農場或資訊中心
19:23
are great libraries圖書館 of knowledge知識.
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是很好的知識圖書館
19:26
CACA: Temple寺廟, can I just say it's an absolute絕對 delight to have you at TEDTED.
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克利斯安得森: 天寶 真的很高興能邀你來TED
19:29
TGTG: Well thank you so much. Thank you.
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天寶葛蘭汀:謝謝你 謝謝各位
19:32
(Applause掌聲)
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鼓掌
Translated by Dxm Online大小媒體
Reviewed by Grace Tung

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Temple Grandin - Livestock handling designer, autism activist
Through groundbreaking research and the lens of her own autism, Temple Grandin brings startling insight into two worlds.

Why you should listen

An expert on animal behavior, Temple Grandin has designed humane handling systems for half the cattle-processing facilities in the US, and consults with the meat industry to develop animal welfare guidelines. As PETA wrote when awarding her a 2004 Proggy: “Dr. Grandin's improvements to animal-handling systems found in slaughterhouses have decreased the amount of fear and pain that animals experience in their final hours, and she is widely considered the world's leading expert on the welfare of cattle and pigs.” In 2010, Time Magazine listed her as one of its most Important People of the Year. She is also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Grandin’s books about her interior life as an autistic person have increased the world's understanding of the condition with personal immediacy -- and with import, as rates of autism diagnosis rise. She is revered by animal rights groups and members of autistic community, perhaps because in both regards she is a voice for those who are sometimes challenged to make themselves heard. 

More profile about the speaker
Temple Grandin | Speaker | TED.com