TED2010
Temple Grandin: The world needs all kinds of minds
Templ Grendin: Svetu su potrebne sve vrste umova
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Templ Grendin je još kao detetu dijagnostikovan autizam. Ona govori o tome kako njen um radi - deli svoju sposobnost da razmišlja u slikama, što joj pomaže da rešava probleme koje neurotipičan mozak možda ne može. Iznosi tezu da su svetu potrebne osobe sa autističnog spektra: vizuelni mislioci, šablonski mislioci, verbalni mislioci i sve vrste pametne, "štreberske" dece.
Temple Grandin - Livestock handling designer, autism activist
Through groundbreaking research and the lens of her own autism, Temple Grandin brings startling insight into two worlds. Full bio
Through groundbreaking research and the lens of her own autism, Temple Grandin brings startling insight into two worlds. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I think I'll start out and just talk a little bit about
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Mislim da ću početi sa objašnjenjem
00:17
what exactly autism is.
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šta je zapravo autizam.
00:19
Autism is a very big continuum
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Autizam je vrlo širok pojam
00:22
that goes from very severe -- the child remains non-verbal --
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koji se kreće od izuzetno ozbiljnog, dete ostaje neverbalno,
00:25
all the way up to brilliant scientists and engineers.
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pa sve do brilijantnih naučnika i inžinjera.
00:28
And I actually feel at home here,
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I ja se zapravo ovde osećam kao kod kuće.
00:30
because there's a lot of autism genetics here.
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Jer ovde ima izuzetno mnogo autistične genetike.
00:32
You wouldn't have any...
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AIi vi ih nemate...
00:34
(Applause)
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(aplauz)
00:38
It's a continuum of traits.
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To je spektar osobina.
00:40
When does a nerd turn into
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Kada se štreber preobrazi u
00:43
Asperger, which is just mild autism?
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Asperegerov sindrom, što je samo blagi autizam?
00:45
I mean, Einstein and Mozart
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Hoću reći, Ajnštajn i Mocart
00:48
and Tesla would all be probably diagnosed
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i Tesla, bi verovatno bili dijagnostikovani
00:50
as autistic spectrum today.
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na današnjem autističnom spektru.
00:52
And one of the things that is really going to concern me is
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A jedna od stvari koja me brine je
00:55
getting these kids to be the ones that are going to invent
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kako da ova deca budu ona koja će da izmisle
00:58
the next energy things,
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sledeću energetsku stvar,
01:00
you know, that Bill Gates talked about this morning.
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o kojoj je Bil Gejts jutros govorio.
01:04
OK. Now, if you want to understand
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Okej. Sada, ako želite da razumete
01:06
autism, animals.
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autizam - životinje.
01:08
And I want to talk to you now about different ways of thinking.
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Želim sada da vam govorim o različitm načinima razmišljanja.
01:10
You have to get away from verbal language.
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Morate da se udaljite od verbalnog jezika.
01:13
I think in pictures,
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Ja razmišljam u slikama.
01:15
I don't think in language.
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Ne razmišljam u rečima.
01:18
Now, the thing about the autistic mind
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E sad, autističan um
01:20
is it attends to details.
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se fokusira na detalje.
01:23
OK, this is a test where you either have to
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Okej, ovo je test u kojem morate ili da
01:25
pick out the big letters, or pick out the little letters,
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odaberete velika slova, ili mala.
01:27
and the autistic mind picks out the
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A autističan um izabere
01:29
little letters more quickly.
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mala znatno brže.
01:31
And the thing is, the normal brain ignores the details.
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A normalan mozak ignoriše detalje.
01:35
Well, if you're building a bridge, details are pretty important
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Pa, ako gradite most, detalji su prilično važni
01:37
because it will fall down if you ignore the details.
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jer će u suprotnom on pasti.
01:40
And one of my big concerns with a lot of policy things today
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Moja velika briga jeste da stvari, zbog različitih pravila danas,
01:43
is things are getting too abstract.
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postaju previše apstraktna.
01:45
People are getting away from doing
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Ljudi se udaljavaju od
01:47
hands-on stuff.
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stvari koje se rade rukama.
01:49
I'm really concerned that a lot of the schools have taken out
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Zaista me brine to što su mnoge škole ukinule
01:51
the hands-on classes,
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časove praktičnog rada,
01:53
because art, and classes like that,
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jer umetnost i slični predmeti,
01:55
those are the classes where I excelled.
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su časovi na kojima sam se isticala.
01:57
In my work with cattle,
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Okej, u mom radu sa stokom,
01:59
I noticed a lot of little things that most people don't notice
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primetila sam mnogo malih stvari koju većina ljudi ne vidi,
02:02
would make the cattle balk. Like, for example,
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a koje obeshrabruju stoku. Na primer,
02:04
this flag waving, right in front of the veterinary facility.
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lepršanje ove zastave, tik ispred veterinarske stanice.
02:07
This feed yard was going to tear down their whole veterinary facility;
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Ovo polje za ispašu je trebalo da sruši čitavu veterinarsku ustanovu,
02:10
all they needed to do was move the flag.
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a sve što je trebalo, je da uklone zastavu.
02:12
Rapid movement, contrast.
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Brzi pokreti, kontrast.
02:15
In the early '70s when I started, I got right down
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Kada sam počela, u ranim '70-im, spustila
02:17
in the chutes to see what cattle were seeing.
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sam se u otvor da vidim ono što stoka vidi.
02:19
People thought that was crazy. A coat on a fence would make them balk,
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Ljudi su mislili da to nije normalno. Kaput na ogradi bi ih uplašio.
02:22
shadows would make them balk, a hose on the floor ...
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Isti je slučaj sa senkama i crevima.
02:25
people weren't noticing these things --
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Ljudi nisu primećivali te stvari,
02:27
a chain hanging down --
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lanac koji visi,
02:29
and that's shown very, very nicely in the movie.
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a to je vrlo lepo prikazano u filmu.
02:31
In fact, I loved the movie, how they
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U stvari sviđa mi se kako su
02:33
duplicated all my projects. That's the geek side.
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prikazali moje projekte na filmu. To je štreberska strana.
02:35
My drawings got to star in the movie too.
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I moji crteži su se proslavili na filmu.
02:38
And actually it's called "Temple Grandin,"
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Film se zove Templ Grendin,
02:40
not "Thinking In Pictures."
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a ne "Razmišljanje u slikama".
02:42
So, what is thinking in pictures? It's literally movies
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Šta je zapravo razmišljanje u slikama? To su bukvalno filmovi
02:44
in your head.
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u vašim glavama.
02:46
My mind works like Google for images.
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Moj mozak radi kao "Gugl" pretraga za slike.
02:48
Now, when I was a young kid I didn't know my thinking was different.
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E, kada sam bila dete, nisam znala da je moje razmišljanje drugačije.
02:51
I thought everybody thought in pictures.
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Mislila sam da svi razmišljaju u slikama.
02:53
And then when I did my book, "Thinking In Pictures,"
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I kada sam završila svoju knjigu, "Razmišljanje u slikama",
02:55
I start interviewing people about how they think.
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počela sam da pitam ljude kako razmišljaju.
02:58
And I was shocked to find out that
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I bila sam šokirana saznanjem da je moje razmišljanje
03:00
my thinking was quite different. Like if I say,
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bilo prilično drugačije. Na primer, ako kažem
03:02
"Think about a church steeple"
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"Mislite na crkveni toranj"
03:04
most people get this sort of generalized generic one.
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većina ljudi misli na jedan prosečan, uobičajen.
03:06
Now, maybe that's not true in this room,
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Možda to ne važi za ljude u ovoj sobi,
03:08
but it's going to be true in a lot of different places.
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ali važi za mnoga druga mesta.
03:12
I see only specific pictures.
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Ja vidim samo specifične slike.
03:14
They flash up into my memory, just like Google for pictures.
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One se pojavljuju u mojoj memoriji, baš kao "Gugl" slike.
03:18
And in the movie, they've got a great scene in there
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I na filmu ima jedna sjajna scena,
03:20
where the word "shoe" is said, and a whole bunch of '50s and '60s shoes
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kada je izgovorena reč "cipela", gomila cipela iz '50-ih i '60-ih
03:24
pop into my imagination.
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se pojavljuje u mom umu.
03:26
OK, there is my childhood church,
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Okej, ovo je crkva iz mog detinjstva.
03:28
that's specific. There's some more, Fort Collins.
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Toliko specifično. Ima još, Fort Kolins.
03:31
OK, how about famous ones?
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A neka poznata?
03:33
And they just kind of come up, kind of like this.
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I jednostavno se tako pojavljuju.
03:36
Just really quickly, like Google for pictures.
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Vrlo brzo, kao "Gugl" fotografije.
03:39
And they come up one at a time,
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I pojavljuju se jedna po jedna.
03:41
and then I think, "OK, well maybe we can have it snow,
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Ali onda razmišljam, možda mogu da padaju kao sneg,
03:43
or we can have a thunderstorm,"
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ili da dolaze kao oluja,
03:45
and I can hold it there and turn them into videos.
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i možda mogu da ih zadržim i pretvorim u video.
03:48
Now, visual thinking was a tremendous asset
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E sad, vizuelno razmišljanje je imalo ogroman uticaj
03:51
in my work designing cattle-handling facilities.
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na moje dizajniranje objekata za držanje stoke.
03:54
And I've worked really hard on improving
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I zaista sam naporno radila na unapređenju
03:56
how cattle are treated at the slaughter plant.
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načina tretiranja stoke u klanicama.
03:58
I'm not going to go into any gucky slaughter slides.
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Neću prikazati odvratne slajdove klanica.
04:01
I've got that stuff up on YouTube if you want to look at it.
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Imam to na "Jutjubu", ako želite da pogledate.
04:03
But, one of the things that I was able to do in my design work
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Ali jedna od stvari koje sam bila u mogućnosti da uradim
04:07
is I could actually test run
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je da isprobam u svom umu
04:09
a piece of equipment in my mind,
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deo opreme,
04:11
just like a virtual reality computer system.
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baš kao u virtualnom kompjuterskom sistemu.
04:14
And this is an aerial view
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Ovo je ptičja perspektiva
04:16
of a recreation of one of my projects that was used in the movie.
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jednog od mojih projekata koji je korišćen na filmu.
04:19
That was like just so super cool.
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To je bilo strava.
04:21
And there were a lot of kind of Asperger types
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Na filmu je radilo mnogo
04:23
and autism types working out there on the movie set too.
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aspergerovih i autističnih tipova.
04:26
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
04:28
But one of the things that really worries me
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Ali jedna od stvari koje me zaista brinu,
04:30
is: Where's the younger version of those kids going today?
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je kuda idu mlađe verzije te dece.
04:34
They're not ending up in Silicon Valley, where they belong.
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Ne završavaju u silikonskoj dolini, gde pripadaju.
04:37
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
04:40
(Applause)
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(aplauz)
04:45
Now, one of the things I learned very early on because I wasn't that social,
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Jednu stvar sam naučila prilično rano, jer nisam bila društvena,
04:48
is I had to sell my work, and not myself.
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a to je da moram da prodam svoj rad, a ne sebe.
04:52
And the way I sold livestock jobs
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A posao sa stokom sam dobijala tako
04:54
is I showed off my drawings, I showed off pictures of things.
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što sam pokazala svoje crteže, slike stvari.
04:57
Another thing that helped me as a little kid
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Još jedna stvar koja mi je pomogla, kao detetu,
04:59
is, boy, in the '50s, you were taught manners.
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tokom pedesetih su nas učili lepom ponašanju.
05:01
You were taught you can't pull the merchandise off the shelves
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Učili su nas da ne možete uzeti proizvod sa police
05:03
in the store and throw it around.
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u prodavnici i bacati ga naokolo.
05:05
Now, when kids get to be in third or fourth grade,
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Kada deca dođu u treći ili četvrti razred,
05:08
you might see that this kid's going to be a visual thinker,
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primetićete da će ovo dete biti vizuelni mislilac,
05:11
drawing in perspective. Now, I want to
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crta u perspektivi. Želim da
05:13
emphasize that not every autistic kid
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naglasim da neće svako autistično dete
05:15
is going to be a visual thinker.
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biti vizuelni mislilac.
05:17
Now, I had this brain scan done several years ago,
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Skenirala sam mozak pre nekoliko godina
05:21
and I used to joke around about having a
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i šalila sam se naokolo kako mi
05:23
gigantic Internet trunk line
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ta ogromna internet žica
05:25
going deep into my visual cortex.
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ulazi duboko u vizuelni korteks.
05:27
This is tensor imaging.
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Ovo je difuziono skeniranje.
05:29
And my great big internet trunk line
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I moja velika internet žica
05:31
is twice as big as the control's.
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je dvostruko veća od ove kod kontrolne.
05:33
The red lines there are me,
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Crvene linije ovde, to sam ja,
05:35
and the blue lines are the sex and age-matched control.
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a plave su od kontrolne osobe istog pola i uzrasta.
05:39
And there I got a gigantic one,
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I tu imam jednu ogromnu,
05:41
and the control over there, the blue one,
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a kontrolna, ta plava,
05:43
has got a really small one.
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ima vrlo malu.
05:47
And some of the research now is showing
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I neka skorija istraživanja pokazuju
05:49
is that people on the spectrum actually think with primary visual cortex.
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da ljudi na spektru zapravo razmišljaju primarnim vizuelnim korteksom.
05:53
Now, the thing is, the visual thinker's just one kind of mind.
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Radi se o tome da su vizuelni mislioci samo jedna vrsta uma.
05:56
You see, the autistic mind tends to be a specialist mind --
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Znate, autističan um ima tendenciju da postane specijalizovan.
05:59
good at one thing, bad at something else.
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Dobar u jednoj stvari, loš u nekoj drugoj.
06:03
And where I was bad was algebra. And I was never allowed
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A ja sam bila loša u algebri. I nikada mi nije bilo dozvoljeno
06:05
to take geometry or trig.
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da pohađam geometriju ili trigonometriju.
06:07
Gigantic mistake: I'm finding a lot of kids who need to skip algebra,
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Ogromna greška. Primetila sam da deca koja preskaču algebru,
06:10
go right to geometry and trig.
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budu dobra u geometriji i trigonometriji.
06:12
Now, another kind of mind is the pattern thinker.
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E sad, još jedna vrsta razmišljanja jeste u šablonima.
06:15
More abstract. These are your engineers,
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Apstraktnije. Ovo su vaši inžinjeri,
06:17
your computer programmers.
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vaši kompjuterski programeri.
06:19
Now, this is pattern thinking. That praying mantis
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Ovo je razmišljanje u šablonima. Ova bogomoljka
06:21
is made from a single sheet of paper --
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je napravljena od jednog lista papira,
06:23
no scotch tape, no cuts.
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bez selotejpa, bez sečenja.
06:25
And there in the background is the pattern for folding it.
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A u pozadini se nalazi obrazac za savijanje.
06:28
Here are the types of thinking:
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Ovde su tipovi razmišljanja,
06:30
photo-realistic visual thinkers, like me;
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foto realni vizuelni mislioci, poput mene.
06:33
pattern thinkers, music and math minds.
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Šablonski mislioci, muzički i matematički umovi.
06:37
Some of these oftentimes have problems with reading.
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Neki od ovih često imaju problem sa čitanjem.
06:39
You also will see these kind of problems
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Takođe ćete videti ove probleme
06:41
with kids that are dyslexic.
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kod disleksične dece.
06:44
You'll see these different kinds of minds.
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Videćete ove različite vrste umova.
06:46
And then there's a verbal mind, they know every fact about everything.
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A onda je tu i verbalni um. Oni znaju sve činjenice o svemu.
06:49
Now, another thing is the sensory issues.
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Tu je naravno i problem osetljivosti.
06:51
I was really concerned about having to wear this gadget on my face.
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Bila sam zaista zabrinuta što ću morati da nosim ovu spravicu na licu.
06:55
And I came in half an hour beforehand
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I došla sam pola sata ranije
06:58
so I could have it put on and kind of get used to it,
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kako bih je stavila i na neki način se navikla na nju.
07:00
and they got it bent so it's not hitting my chin.
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I savili su je, kako me ne bi udarala u bradu.
07:03
But sensory is an issue. Some kids are bothered by fluorescent lights;
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Ali osetljivost jeste problem. Nekoj deci smetaju fluorescentna svetla;
07:06
others have problems with sound sensitivity.
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druga imaju problem sa slušnom osetljivošću.
07:09
You know, it's going to be variable.
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Znate, ima tu svega.
07:12
Now, visual thinking gave me a whole lot of insight
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Vizuelno razmišljanje dalo mi je mnogo podataka
07:16
into the animal mind.
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o životinjskom umu.
07:18
Because think about it: An animal is a sensory-based thinker,
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Razmislite. Životinja je čulni mislilac,
07:21
not verbal -- thinks in pictures,
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ne verbalni. Razmišlja u slikama.
07:25
thinks in sounds, thinks in smells.
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U zvukovima. U mirisima.
07:28
Think about how much information there is there on the local fire hydrant.
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Razmislite koliko mnogo informacija ima na lokalnom hidrantu.
07:31
He knows who's been there, when they were there.
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Ona zna ko je bio tu, kada je bio,
07:34
Are they friend or foe? Is there anybody he can go mate with?
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da li su prijatelji ili neprijatelji, da li može sa nekim da se pari.
07:37
There's a ton of information on that fire hydrant.
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Postoji milion informacija na tom hidrantu.
07:40
It's all very detailed information,
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I sve su vrlo detaljne.
07:44
and, looking at these kind of details
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I gledajući te detalje
07:46
gave me a lot of insight into animals.
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dobila sam puno informacija o životinjama.
07:48
Now, the animal mind, and also my mind,
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Životinjski um, ali i moj
07:52
puts sensory-based information
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stavlja čulne infomacije
07:54
into categories.
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u kategorije.
07:56
Man on a horse
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Čovek na konju,
07:58
and a man on the ground --
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i čovek na zemlji,
08:00
that is viewed as two totally different things.
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se posmatraju kao dve različite kategorije.
08:02
You could have a horse that's been abused by a rider.
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Možete imati konja kojeg je zlostavljao jahač.
08:05
They'll be absolutely fine with the veterinarian
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Potpuno su mirni kod veterinara,
08:07
and with the horseshoer, but you can't ride him.
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i sa potkivačem, ali ne možete da ih jašete.
08:10
You have another horse, where maybe the horseshoer beat him up
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Imate i konja kojeg je možda potkivač tukao,
08:13
and he'll be terrible for anything on the ground,
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i bojaće se svega u vezi sa tlom,
08:15
with the veterinarian, but a person can ride him.
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i veterinarom, ali možete da ga jašete.
08:18
Cattle are the same way.
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I kod stoke je tako.
08:20
Man on a horse,
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Čovek na konju,
08:22
a man on foot -- they're two different things.
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i čovek koji stoji, dve različite stvari.
08:24
You see, it's a different picture.
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To je druga slika.
08:26
See, I want you to think about just how specific this is.
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Želim da shvatite koliko je ovo specifično.
08:29
Now, this ability to put information into categories,
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Ova sposobnost grupisanja informacija u kategorije,
08:33
I find a lot of people are not very good at this.
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nije razvijena kod mnogih ljudi.
08:36
When I'm out troubleshooting equipment
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Kada rešavam problem sa opremom
08:38
or problems with something in a plant,
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ili problem negde u fabrici,
08:40
they don't seem to be able to figure out, "Do I have a training people issue?
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ne mogu da shvate, "Da li je problem u obuci radnika?
08:44
Or do I have something wrong with the equipment?"
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Ili nešto ne valja sa opremom?"
08:46
In other words, categorize equipment problem
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Drugim rečima, odvojite problem sa opremom,
08:48
from a people problem.
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od problema sa ljudima.
08:50
I find a lot of people have difficulty doing that.
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Vidim da mnogima to predstavlja poteškoću.
08:53
Now, let's say I figure out it's an equipment problem.
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Hajde da kažemo da je problem u opremi.
08:56
Is it a minor problem, with something simple I can fix?
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Da li je mali, nešto jednostvano što mogu popraviti?
08:58
Or is the whole design of the system wrong?
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Ili je ceo sistem pogrešan?
09:01
People have a hard time figuring that out.
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Ljudima je teško da to shvate.
09:04
Let's just look at something like, you know,
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Da uzmemo, na primer, problem
09:06
solving problems with making airlines safer.
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poboljšanja sigurnosti aviona.
09:08
Yeah, I'm a million-mile flier.
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Da ja sam preletela preko milion milja.
09:10
I do lots and lots of flying,
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Mnogo letim,
09:12
and if I was at the FAA,
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i da sam u FAA (Federalna administracija avijacije)
09:15
what would I be doing a lot of direct observation of?
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šta bih mogla da direktno posmatram?
09:19
It would be their airplane tails.
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To bi bili repovi njihovih aviona.
09:21
You know, five fatal wrecks in the last 20 years,
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Pet fatalnih nesreća u poslednjih 20 godina,
09:24
the tail either came off or steering stuff inside the tail broke
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dogodilo se zbog kvara repa ili zbog nekih njegovih
09:28
in some way.
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delova.
09:30
It's tails, pure and simple.
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Repovi, vrlo jednostavno.
09:32
And when the pilots walk around the plane, guess what? They can't see
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A kada piloti šetaju avionom, znate šta? Ne mogu da vide
09:34
that stuff inside the tail.
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stvari unutar repa.
09:36
You know, now as I think about that,
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Kada sad razmišljam o tome,
09:38
I'm pulling up all of that specific information.
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izvlačim sve te specifične informacije.
09:41
It's specific. See, my thinking's bottom-up.
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Speficične su. Dakle, moje razmišljanje ide od dole ka gore.
09:44
I take all the little pieces and I put the pieces together like a puzzle.
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Uzmem sve te male delove i sastavim ih poput slagalice.
09:48
Now, here is a horse that was deathly afraid
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Ovo je konj koji se na smrt plašio
09:50
of black cowboy hats.
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crnih kaubojskih šešira.
09:52
He'd been abused by somebody with a black cowboy hat.
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Zlostavljao ga je neko sa crnim kaubojskim šeširom.
09:54
White cowboy hats, that was absolutely fine.
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Beli su bili potpuno u redu.
09:57
Now, the thing is, the world is going to need
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Činjenica je da će svetu biti potrebno
10:00
all of the different kinds of minds
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da različite vrste umova
10:02
to work together.
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rade zajedno.
10:04
We've got to work on developing all these different kinds of minds.
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Moramo da radimo na razvoju svih ovih vrsta umova.
10:07
And one of the things that is driving me really crazy,
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I jedna od stvari koja me zaista izluđuje,
10:10
as I travel around and I do autism meetings,
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dok putujem na sastanke o autizmu,
10:12
is I'm seeing a lot of smart, geeky, nerdy kids,
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je to što viđam puno pametne štreberske dece.
10:15
and they just aren't very social,
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I nisu preterano društvena.
10:18
and nobody's working on developing their interest
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I niko ne radi na razvoju njihovih interesovanja
10:20
in something like science.
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u pravcu nauke.
10:22
And this brings up the whole thing of my science teacher.
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I to povlači pitanje mog profesora prirodnih nauka.
10:25
My science teacher is shown absolutely beautifully in the movie.
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On je divno prikazan na filmu.
10:28
I was a goofball student. When I was in high school
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Kao učenik, bila sam predmet sprdnje. U srednjoj školi
10:30
I just didn't care at all about studying,
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mi učenje uopšte nije bilo bitno,
10:33
until I had Mr. Carlock's science class.
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sve dok nisam došla na časove gospodina Karloka.
10:36
He was now Dr. Carlock in the movie.
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U filmu je on dr Karlok.
10:39
And he got me challenged
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I on me je zainteresovao
10:42
to figure out an optical illusion room.
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da shvatim sobu sa optičkom iluzijom.
10:45
This brings up the whole thing of you've got to show kids
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Ovo nas dovodi do toga da deci morate da pokažete gomilu
10:47
interesting stuff.
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zanimljivih stvari.
10:49
You know, one of the things that I think maybe TED ought to do
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Jedna od stvari koje mislim da TED treba da uradi
10:52
is tell all the schools about all the great lectures that are on TED,
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je da školama predstavi sve sjajne lekcije sa TEDa,
10:55
and there's all kinds of great stuff on the Internet
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a postoje mnoge sjajne stvari na internetu,
10:57
to get these kids turned on.
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kako bi se ova deca pokrenula.
10:59
Because I'm seeing a lot of these geeky nerdy kids,
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Jer viđam mnogo pametne štreberske dece,
11:02
and the teachers out in the Midwest, and the other parts of the country,
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i učitelja na srednjem zapadu i drugim delovima zemlje,
11:05
when you get away from these tech areas,
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kada se pomerite iz ovih regija,
11:07
they don't know what to do with these kids.
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vidite da ne znaju šta da rade sa ovom decom.
11:09
And they're not going down the right path.
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I ne idu dobrim putem.
11:11
The thing is, you can make a mind
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Činjenica je da možete da napravite um
11:13
to be more of a thinking and cognitive mind,
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koji je više kognitivni, razmišljajući.
11:16
or your mind can be wired to be more social.
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Ili može da bude više socijalan.
11:19
And what some of the research now has shown in autism
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Skorija istraživanja autizma su pokazala
11:21
is there may by extra wiring back here,
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da možda postoji dodatna veza tu pozadi,
11:23
in the really brilliant mind, and we lose a few social circuits here.
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u zaista brilijantnom umu, a da gubimo nekoliko socijalnih krugova.
11:26
It's kind of a trade-off between thinking and social.
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Kao neka vrsta razmene između razmišljanja i društvenosti.
11:30
And then you can get into the point where it's so severe
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A onda dođete do tačke kada je on veoma ozbiljan
11:32
you're going to have a person that's going to be non-verbal.
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i imate osobu koja je neverbalna.
11:35
In the normal human mind
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U normalnom ljudskom umu
11:37
language covers up the visual thinking we share with animals.
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jezik nadomešta vizuelno razmišljanje koje delimo sa životinjama.
11:40
This is the work of Dr. Bruce Miller.
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Ovo je rad dr Brusa Milera.
11:43
And he studied Alzheimer's patients
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On je proučavao pacijente sa alchajmerom,
11:46
that had frontal temporal lobe dementia.
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sa demencijom frontalnog temporalnog režnja.
11:48
And the dementia ate out the language parts of the brain,
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I demencija je pojela govorne delove mozga,
11:51
and then this artwork came out of somebody who used to install stereos in cars.
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a ovo umetničko delo je proizvod nekoga ko je ugrađivao radio u automobile.
11:56
Now, Van Gogh doesn't know anything about physics,
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Van Gog ne zna ništa o fizici.
12:00
but I think it's very interesting
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Ali mislim da je vrlo zanimljivo
12:02
that there was some work done to show that
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to što su neka istraživanja pokazala da
12:04
this eddy pattern in this painting
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ova vrtložna šema na ovoj slici
12:06
followed a statistical model of turbulence,
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odgovara statističkom modelu turbulencije.
12:09
which brings up the whole interesting idea
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Što povlači zanimljivu tezu
12:11
of maybe some of this mathematical patterns
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da su neki od ovih metematičkih modela
12:13
is in our own head.
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u našim glavama.
12:15
And the Wolfram stuff -- I was taking
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I stvari o Volframu,
12:17
notes and I was writing down all the
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beležila sam sve reči za pretragu
12:19
search words I could use,
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koje mogu da koristim
12:21
because I think that's going to go on in my autism lectures.
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jer mislim da ću da ubacim to u svojim predavanjima.
12:25
We've got to show these kids interesting stuff.
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Moramo ovoj deci pokazati zanimljive stvari.
12:27
And they've taken out the autoshop class
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A časovi mehanike za kola, časovi
12:29
and the drafting class and the art class.
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izrade i časovi umetnosti su izbačeni.
12:31
I mean art was my best subject in school.
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Umetnost je bio moj omiljeni predmet u školi.
12:34
We've got to think about all these different kinds of minds,
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Moramo da razmišljamo o svim ovim različitim umovima.
12:36
and we've got to absolutely work with these kind of minds,
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I apsolutno moramo da radimo sa ovim umovima,
12:39
because we absolutely are going to need
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jer ćemo apsolutno trebati
12:42
these kind of people in the future.
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ovu vrstu ljudi u budućnosti.
12:45
And let's talk about jobs.
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Hajde da razgovaramo o poslovima.
12:47
OK, my science teacher got me studying
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Moj profesor nauke me je naterao da učim
12:49
because I was a goofball that didn't want to study.
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jer sam bila klovan koji to nije hteo.
12:52
But you know what? I was getting work experience.
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Ali znate šta? Sticala sam radno iskustvo.
12:54
I'm seeing too many of these smart kids who haven't learned basic things,
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Viđam previše pametne dece koja nisu naučila osnovne stvari,
12:56
like how to be on time.
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poput dolaska na vreme.
12:58
I was taught that when I was eight years old.
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To sam naučila sa osam godina.
13:00
You know, how to have table manners at granny's Sunday party.
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Znate, lepo ponašanje za stolom nedeljom kod bake.
13:03
I was taught that when I was very, very young.
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To sam naučila vrlo rano.
13:06
And when I was 13, I had a job at a dressmaker's shop
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Sa 13 sam dobila posao u krojačkoj radnji,
13:09
sewing clothes.
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šila sam.
13:11
I did internships in college,
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Imala sam praksu na fakultetu.
13:14
I was building things,
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Gradila sam stvari.
13:17
and I also had to learn how to do assignments.
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I morala sam da naučim kako da ispunjavam zaduženja.
13:20
You know, all I wanted to do was draw pictures of horses when I was little.
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Znate, sve što sam kao mala htela da radim, je da crtam konje.
13:24
My mother said, "Well let's do a picture of something else."
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Majka bi rekla: "Hajde da nacrtamo nešto drugo.".
13:26
They've got to learn how to do something else.
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Moraju da nauče da rade nešto drugo.
13:28
Let's say the kid is fixated on Legos.
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Zamislite da je dete fiksirano na "Lego" kocke.
13:30
Let's get him working on building different things.
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Neka počne da gradi različite stvari.
13:33
The thing about the autistic mind
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Činjenica u vezi sa autističnim umom
13:35
is it tends to be fixated.
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jeste da ima tendenciju da se fiksira.
13:37
Like if a kid loves racecars,
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Kao na primer, ako dete voli trkačke automobile,
13:39
let's use racecars for math.
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hajde da ih iskoristimo za matematiku.
13:41
Let's figure out how long it takes a racecar to go a certain distance.
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Hajde da vidimo koliko mu vremena treba da pređe određenu razdaljinu.
13:44
In other words, use that fixation
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Drugim rečima, da iskoristimo tu fiksiranost
13:48
in order to motivate that kid, that's one of the things we need to do.
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u svrhu motivisanja tog deteta. To je jedna od stvari koje moramo da uradimo.
13:51
I really get fed up when they, you know, the teachers,
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Stvarno mi je preko glave, znate, učitelja,
13:54
especially when you get away from this part of the country,
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naročito kada odete iz ovog dela zemlje,
13:57
they don't know what to do with these smart kids.
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ne znaju šta da rade sa pametnom decom.
13:59
It just drives me crazy.
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To me izluđuje.
14:01
What can visual thinkers do when they grow up?
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Šta vizuelni mislioci mogu da rade kad odrastu?
14:03
They can do graphic design, all kinds of stuff with computers,
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Mogu da se bave grafičkim dizajnom, sve u vezi sa kompjuterima,
14:06
photography, industrial design.
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fotografija, industrijski dizajn.
14:11
The pattern thinkers, they're the ones that are going to be
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Šablonski mislioci, oni će biti
14:13
your mathematicians, your software engineers,
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matematičari, softverski inžinjeri,
14:16
your computer programmers, all of those kinds of jobs.
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kompjuterski programeri, takve vrste zanimanja.
14:20
And then you've got the word minds. They make great journalists,
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I onda imamo verbalne umove. Oni su sjajni novinari.
14:23
and they also make really, really good stage actors.
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I oni su odlični kao pozorišni glumci.
14:26
Because the thing about being autistic is,
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Stvar u vezi sa autizmom je,
14:28
I had to learn social skills like being in a play.
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morala sam da naučim socijalne veštine kao što je gluma.
14:31
It's just kind of -- you just have to learn it.
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Radi se o tome da to morate da naučite.
14:34
And we need to be working with these students.
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I moramo da radimo sa ovakvim studentima.
14:37
And this brings up mentors.
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I to uključuje pitanje mentora.
14:39
You know, my science teacher was not an accredited teacher.
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Znate, moj profesor prirodnih nauka nije bio akreditovani učitelj.
14:42
He was a NASA space scientist.
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On je bio NASin svemirski naučnik.
14:44
Now, some states now are getting it to where
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Neke države sada omogućavaju da
14:46
if you have a degree in biology, or a degree in chemistry,
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sa diplomom iz biologije ili hemije
14:48
you can come into the school and teach biology or chemistry.
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predajete te predmete u školi.
14:51
We need to be doing that.
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Treba to da činimo.
14:53
Because what I'm observing is
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Jer primećujem da
14:55
the good teachers, for a lot of these kids,
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su mnogi dobri učitelji
14:57
are out in the community colleges,
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na državnim fakultetima.
14:59
but we need to be getting some of these good teachers into the high schools.
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Treba da učinimo sve da rade u srednjim školama.
15:02
Another thing that can be very, very, very successful is
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Još jedna stvar koja može biti vrlo korisna,
15:05
there is a lot of people that may have retired
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ima mnogo judi koji su se penzionisali
15:08
from working in the software industry, and they can teach your kid.
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iz rada u softverskoj industriji i oni mogu da uče vašu decu.
15:11
And it doesn't matter if what they teach them is old,
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I nema veze ako ih uče nečemu što je zastarelo,
15:14
because what you're doing is you're lighting the spark.
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jer na taj način pale njihove varnice.
15:17
You're getting that kid turned on.
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Uključujete to dete.
15:20
And you get him turned on, then he'll learn all the new stuff.
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I ako to uspete, onda će ono naučiti sve novine.
15:23
Mentors are just essential.
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Mentori su ključni.
15:25
I cannot emphasize enough
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Ne mogu dovoljno da istaknem
15:27
what my science teacher did for me.
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šta je moj profesor nauke uradio za mene.
15:30
And we've got to mentor them, hire them.
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I moramo da im budemo mentori, da ih angažujemo.
15:33
And if you bring them in for internships in your companies,
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I ako ih dovedete da stažiraju u nekoj kompaniji,
15:35
the thing about the autism, Asperger-y kind of mind,
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stvar u vezi sa autizmom, aspergerovim umom,
15:38
you've got to give them a specific task. Don't just say, "Design new software."
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morate da im date specifičan zadatak. Nemojte reći: "Dizajniraj novi softver."
15:41
You've got to tell them something a lot more specific:
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Morate im reći nešto mnogo specifičnije.
15:43
"Well, we're designing a software for a phone
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"Pravimo softver za telefon
15:46
and it has to do some specific thing.
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i mora da radi neke određene stvari.
15:48
And it can only use so much memory."
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I može da koristi samo toliko memorije."
15:50
That's the kind of specificity you need.
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To je specifičnost koja vam treba.
15:52
Well, that's the end of my talk.
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Pa, to je kraj mog predavanja.
15:54
And I just want to thank everybody for coming.
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Želim da se zahvalim svima što ste došli.
15:56
It was great to be here.
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Bilo je sjajno biti ovde.
15:58
(Applause)
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(aplauz)
16:10
Oh, you've got a question for me? OK.
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Oh, imate pitanje za mene? Okej.
16:13
(Applause)
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(aplauz)
16:14
Chris Anderson: Thank you so much for that.
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Kris Anderson: Mnogo Vam hvala za to.
16:18
You know, you once wrote, I like this quote,
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Znate, jendom ste napisali, volim ovaj citat:
16:20
"If by some magic, autism had been
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"Ako bi se nekim čudom
16:22
eradicated from the face of the Earth,
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autizam uklonio sa lica Zemlje,
16:25
then men would still be socializing in front of a wood fire
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ljudi bi se i dalje družili ispred vatre
16:28
at the entrance to a cave."
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na ulazu u pećinu."
16:30
Temple Grandin: Because who do you think made the first stone spears?
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Templ Grendin: Šta mislite ko je napravio prvo kameno koplje?
16:32
The Asperger guy. And if you were to get rid of all the autism genetics
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Momak sa aspergerom. I ako biste uklonili svu autističnu genetiku
16:35
there would be no more Silicon Valley,
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ne bi više bilo silikonske doline,
16:37
and the energy crisis would not be solved.
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i energetska kriza se ne bi rešila.
16:39
(Applause)
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(aplauz)
16:42
CA: So, I want to ask you a couple other questions,
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KA: Hteo sam da Vam postavim još nekoliko pitanja.
16:44
and if any of these feel inappropriate,
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I ako bilo koje bude neprimereno
16:46
it's okay just to say, "Next question."
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u redu je da kažete: "Sledeće pitanje".
16:48
But if there is someone here
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Ali ako ovde imamo nekoga
16:50
who has an autistic child,
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čije je dete autistično,
16:52
or knows an autistic child
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ili poznaje takvo dete
16:54
and feels kind of cut off from them,
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i oseća se nekako odsečeno od njega,
16:57
what advice would you give them?
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koji savet biste im dali?
16:59
TG: Well, first of all, you've got to look at age.
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TG: Pa prvo morate da pogledate uzrast.
17:01
If you have a two, three or four year old
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Ako imate dvogodišnjaka, trogodišnjaka ili četvorogodišnjaka
17:03
you know, no speech, no social interaction,
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znate, ne govori, nema socijalne interakcije,
17:05
I can't emphasize enough:
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ne mogu dovoljno da naglasim,
17:07
Don't wait, you need at least 20 hours a week of one-to-one teaching.
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ne čekajte, treba vam minimum 20 sati nedeljno učenja jedan na jedan.
17:11
You know, the thing is, autism comes in different degrees.
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Znate, autizam se javlja u različitim stepenima.
17:14
There's going to be about half the people on the spectrum
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Otprilike polovina ljudi na spektru
17:16
that are not going to learn to talk, and they're not going to be working
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neće biti u stanju da govori i oni neće raditi
17:18
Silicon Valley, that would not be a reasonable thing for them to do.
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u silikonskoj dolini, to ne bi bila razumna stvar za njih.
17:21
But then you get the smart, geeky kids
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Ali imate i pametnu štrebersku decu
17:23
that have a touch of autism,
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sa mrvicom autizma,
17:25
and that's where you've got to get them turned on
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i tada morate da ih zainteresujete da se bave
17:27
with doing interesting things.
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zanimljivim stvarima.
17:29
I got social interaction through shared interest.
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Ja sam dobila socijalnu interakciju preko zajedničkih ineresovanja.
17:32
I rode horses with other kids, I made model rockets with other kids,
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Jahala sam sa drugom decom. Pravila sam modele raketa sa njima,
17:36
did electronics lab with other kids,
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pravila elektronske laboratorije,
17:38
and in the '60s, it was gluing mirrors
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a tokom '60-tih sam lepila ogledala
17:40
onto a rubber membrane on a speaker to make a light show.
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na gumenu membranu zvučnika da napravim svetlosni šou.
17:43
That was like, we considered that super cool.
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To je bilo, mislili smo da je to super kul.
17:46
CA: Is it unrealistic for them
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KA: Da li je nerealno
17:48
to hope or think that that child
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da se nadaju ili da misle da će to dete
17:50
loves them, as some might, as most, wish?
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da ih voli, kao što neki ili mnogi žele?
17:53
TG: Well let me tell you, that child will be loyal,
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TG: Pa da vam kažem, to dete će vam biti odano.
17:55
and if your house is burning down, they're going to get you out of it.
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I ako vaša kuća gori, to dete će vas spasiti.
17:57
CA: Wow. So, most people, if you ask them
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KA: Vau. Dakle, većina ljudi, ako ih pitate
18:00
what are they most passionate about, they'd say things like,
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šta je njihova strast, reći će nešto poput:
18:02
"My kids" or "My lover."
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"Moja deca" ili " Moj ljubavnik".
18:05
What are you most passionate about?
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Šta je Vaša strast?
18:08
TG: I'm passionate about that the things I do
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TG: Uzbuđuje me to što će stvari koje činim
18:10
are going to make the world a better place.
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od sveta napraviti bolje mesto.
18:12
When I have a mother of an autistic child say,
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Kada mi majka autističnog deteta kaže:
18:14
"My kid went to college because of your book,
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"Moje dete je zahvaljujući Vašoj knjizi otišao na fakultet,
18:16
or one of your lectures," that makes me happy.
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ili zbog Vašeg predavanja". To me čini srećnom.
18:18
You know, the slaughter plants, I've worked with them
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Znate, klanice, radila sam sa njima
18:21
in the '80s; they were absolutely awful.
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tokom '80tih; bile su potpuno užasne.
18:23
I developed a really simple scoring system for slaughter plants
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Razvila sam vrlo jednostavan sistem bodovanja za klanice
18:27
where you just measure outcomes: How many cattle fell down?
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gde merite samo ishod, koliko stoke je palo,
18:29
How many cattle got poked with the prodder?
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koliko stoke je bilo ubodeno štapom,
18:31
How many cattle are mooing their heads off?
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koliko stoke besomučno muče?
18:33
And it's very, very simple.
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I vrlo je jednostavno.
18:35
You directly observe a few simple things.
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Direktno posmatrate nekoliko jednostavnih stvari.
18:37
It's worked really well. I get satisfaction out of
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Poslužilo je dobro. Čini me zadovoljnom
18:39
seeing stuff that makes real change
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kada vidim da se stvari menjaju
18:42
in the real world. We need a lot more of that,
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u stvarnom svetu. Treba nam toga više,
18:44
and a lot less abstract stuff.
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a mnogo manje apstraktnih stvari.
18:46
(Applause)
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(aplauz)
18:53
CA: When we were talking on the phone, one of the things you said that
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KA: Kada smo razgovarali telefonom, jedna od stvari koju ste rekli
18:55
really astonished me was you said one thing
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zaista me zapanjila. Rekli ste da
18:57
you were passionate about was server farms. Tell me about that.
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su vaša strast farme servera. Recite mi o tome.
19:01
TG: Well the reason why I got really excited when I read about that,
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TG: Razlog zbog kojeg sam se uzbudila dok sam čitala o tome
19:04
it contains knowledge.
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je to što sadrže znanje.
19:07
It's libraries.
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To su biblioteke.
19:09
And to me, knowledge is something
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A za mene je znanje
19:11
that is extremely valuable. So, maybe, over 10 years ago
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vrlo, vrlo vredno. I pre nekih 10 godina
19:13
now our library got flooded.
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naša biblioteka je poplavljena.
19:15
And this is before the Internet got really big.
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I to je pre nego što je internet postao popularan.
19:17
And I was really upset about all the books being wrecked,
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I bila sam uznemirena zbog knjiga koje su uništene,
19:19
because it was knowledge being destroyed.
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jer je znanje uništeno.
19:21
And server farms, or data centers
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A farme servera ili baze podataka
19:23
are great libraries of knowledge.
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su sjajne biblioteke znanja.
19:26
CA: Temple, can I just say it's an absolute delight to have you at TED.
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KA: Templ, mogu reći da je bilo zadovoljstvo imati Vas kao gosta.
19:29
TG: Well thank you so much. Thank you.
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TG: Mnogo vam hvala. Hvala vam.
19:32
(Applause)
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(aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Temple Grandin - Livestock handling designer, autism activistThrough groundbreaking research and the lens of her own autism, Temple Grandin brings startling insight into two worlds.
Why you should listen
An expert on animal behavior, Temple Grandin has designed humane handling systems for half the cattle-processing facilities in the US, and consults with the meat industry to develop animal welfare guidelines. As PETA wrote when awarding her a 2004 Proggy: “Dr. Grandin's improvements to animal-handling systems found in slaughterhouses have decreased the amount of fear and pain that animals experience in their final hours, and she is widely considered the world's leading expert on the welfare of cattle and pigs.” In 2010, Time Magazine listed her as one of its most Important People of the Year. She is also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Grandin’s books about her interior life as an autistic person have increased the world's understanding of the condition with personal immediacy -- and with import, as rates of autism diagnosis rise. She is revered by animal rights groups and members of autistic community, perhaps because in both regards she is a voice for those who are sometimes challenged to make themselves heard.
Temple Grandin | Speaker | TED.com