Lisa Genova: What you can do to prevent Alzheimer's
Lisa Genova: Lo que puedes hacer para prevenir el alzhéimer
Through her fiction, Lisa Genova beckons us into the lives of people with neurological disease, making their worlds real and relatable. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
to be at least 80 years old?
hasta por lo menos los 80 años?
this hopeful expectation
esa esperanza
Alzheimer's disease.
la enfermedad de alzhéimer.
"Well, it won't be me."
"Bueno, no seré yo".
is likely to affect us all.
esta enfermedad escalofriante.
stems from the sense
proviene de la sensación
que podamos hacer al respecto.
have no disease-modifying treatment
no hay un tratamiento para la enfermedad
to live long enough,
de vivir bastante,
our brain's destiny.
el destino de nuestros cerebros.
change these statistics,
que podríamos cambiar las estadísticas,
de nuestros cerebros,
or advancements in medicine?
o los avances médicos?
what we currently understand
lo que actualmente se entiende
of two neurons connecting.
de dos neuronas conectándose.
this space circled in red,
este espacio circulado en rojo,
neurotransmitters are released.
los neurotransmisores.
where communication happens.
donde ocurre la comunicación.
feel, see, hear, desire ...
vemos, escuchamos, deseamos...
is where Alzheimer's happens.
es donde se desarrolla el alzhéimer.
of what's going on.
de lo que sucede.
of communicating information,
información,
like glutamate into the synapse,
como glutamato a la sinapsis,
called amyloid beta.
un pequeño péptido llamado beta amiloide.
metabolized by microglia,
el beta amiloide metabolizado,
of Alzheimer's are still debated,
las causas moleculares del alzhéimer,
that the disease begins
creen que la enfermedad empieza
empieza a acumularse.
or not enough is cleared away,
o no se despejan suficientes,
to pile up with amyloid beta.
a amontonarse con la beta amiloide.
called amyloid plaques.
llamada placa amiloide.
are 40 years old or older?
plaques accumulating,
acumulándose,
would be through a PET scan,
sería mediante un escáner TEP,
you are blissfully unaware.
están felizmente ignorantes.
in memory, language, or cognition ...
de memoria, lingüístico o cognitivo...
of amyloid plaque accumulation
de beta amiloide toma de 15 a 20 años
symptoms of the disease.
de la enfermedad.
might include things like,
podrían incluir cosas como
start freaking out again,
one of those in the last 24 hours --
de esas cosas en las últimas 24 horas,
to where you put your keys
a donde dejaron las llaves
language and cognition are different.
y cognitivos son diferentes.
your keys in your coat pocket
en el bolsillo de su abrigo
accumulate to this tipping point?
se acumulan hasta el punto crítico?
become hyper-activated,
se hiperactivan,
inflammation and cellular damage.
inflamación y daño celular.
start clearing away
empezar a despejar
called "tau" becomes hyperphosphorylated
llamada "tau" se vuelve hiperfosforilada
into something called "tangles,"
algo llamado "ovillos",
from the inside.
we have massive inflammation and tangles
tenemos una inflamación masiva y ovillos
trying to cure this disease,
tratando de curar esta enfermedad,
want to intervene?
on the simplest solution:
a la solución más simple:
from reaching that tipping point,
lleguen a ese punto crítico,
focused on developing a compound
se enfocarán en desarrollar un compuesto
amyloid plaque accumulation.
la acumulación de placas amiloides.
a preventative medicine.
sea una medicina preventiva.
before we reach that tipping point,
antes de llegar a ese punto crítico
our keys in the refrigerator.
las llaves en el refrigerador.
these kinds of drugs have failed
este tipo de medicina ha fallado
were already symptomatic.
ya experimentaban los síntomas.
son como un fósforo.
sets fire to the forest.
incendia el bosque.
to blow out the match.
apagar el fósforo.
before the forest catches fire.
antes de que se incendie el bosque.
really good news for us,
muy buenas noticias,
can influence the accumulation
influyen en la acumulación
that tipping point.
of Alzheimer's as a see-saw scale.
como un balancín.
risk factors on one arm,
en un lado,
you are symptomatic
exhiben los síntomas
some amyloid plaques with age.
algunas placas amiloides con la edad.
from our moms and our dads.
de nuestros padres.
and some will decrease it.
y otros lo disminuyen.
that cranks out amyloid beta,
que produce el beta amiloide,
your scale arm to the ground.
su balancín hacia el piso.
will only tip the arm a bit.
que heredamos solo lo inclinan un poco.
that increases amyloid,
que aumenta el beta amiloide,
from mom and dad
de papá y mamá
whether we get Alzheimer's.
si contraeremos alzhéimer.
or the genes we've inherited.
o los genes que heredamos.
our brain's destiny.
el destino de nuestros cerebros.
rinse cerebral spinal fluid
el líquido espinal cerebral
that accumulated in our synapses
que se acumuló en las sinapsis
a power cleanse for the brain.
como un limpiador.
yourself on sleep?
be a predictor of Alzheimer's.
del alzhéimer.
leads to an increase in amyloid beta.
conlleva un aumento de beta amiloide.
has been shown to disrupt sleep,
interrumpe el sueño,
more amyloid to accumulate.
se acumule más amiloide.
this positive feedback loop
esta retroalimentación positiva
the tipping of that scale.
de la balanza.
obesity, smoking, high cholesterol,
fumar, el colesterol alto,
of developing Alzheimer's.
el riesgo de desarrollar alzhéimer.
of people with Alzheimer's
de las personas con alzhéimer
una enfermedad cardiovascular.
in many studies to decrease amyloid beta
disminuye el beta amiloide
Mediterranean lifestyle and diet
y una dieta mediterránea
the tipping of this scale.
la inclinación de la balanza.
the onset of Alzheimer's.
el inicio del alzhéimer.
you haven't done any of them.
que no han hecho nada de eso.
so you've likely inherited a gene or two
probablemente heredaron un gen
at both ends for years;
durante los años;
someone's chasing you.
have reached that tipping point.
han llegado a ese punto crítico.
and cell death.
y muerte celular.
finding words and keys
hablar, encontrar las llaves
at the beginning of this talk.
al principio de esta charla.
to protect yourself
para protegerte
the symptoms of Alzheimer's,
pathology ablaze in your brain.
tener un cuadro patológico completo.
and cognitive reserve.
y la reserva cognitiva.
of having Alzheimer's
de tener alzhéimer
de perder sinapsis.
over a hundred trillion synapses,
más de 100 billones de sinapsis,
we've got a lot to work with.
tenemos mucho con qué trabajar.
todo el tiempo,
called neural plasticity.
llamado neuroplasticidad.
new neural connections,
conexiones neuronales nuevas,
when the study began,
al inicio del estudio,
physical checkups and cognitive tests,
a exámenes físicos y cognitivos,
were all donated for autopsy.
para una autopsia.
discovered something surprising.
algo sorprendente en algunos cerebros.
and tangles and brain shrinkage --
ovillos y atrofia cerebral,
unquestionable Alzheimer's --
sin lugar a dudas,
to these brains showed no signs
los cerebros no demostraron síntomas
while they were alive.
mientras vivían.
had a high level of cognitive reserve,
tenían un alto grado de reserva cognitiva,
more functional synapses.
más sinapsis funcionales.
of formal education,
de educación formal,
in mentally stimulating activities,
en actividades que estimulan la mente,
and a redundancy in neural connections.
de conexiones neurales.
like Alzheimer's
como el alzhéimer
adicionales,
that anything is amiss.
de que algo anda mal.
about a subject.
de un tema.
wrote "Still Alice,"
escribió "Siempre Alice",
you know about me.
and inflammation
"Hey, who wrote 'Still Alice?'"
"Oye, ¿quién escribió 'Siempre Alice'?",
is either failing or gone.
está fallando o desapareció.
four things about me.
cuatro cosas sobre mí.
are damaged or destroyed.
están dañadas o destruidas.
to detour the wreckage.
de darle la vuelta.
to the presence of Alzheimer's pathology
de una patología de alzhéimer
of yet-undamaged pathways.
de rutas en buen estado.
this cognitive reserve,
esta reserva cognitiva,
to be as rich in meaning as possible,
sean lo más ricas en significado posible,
and associations and emotion.
las asociaciones y las emociones.
doing crossword puzzles.
a hacer crucigramas.
information you've already learned,
información ya aprendida,
down old, familiar streets,
por calles ya familiares,
nuevas carreteras neuronales.
someday diagnosed with Alzheimer's,
algún día les diagnostican con alzhéimer,
from my grandmother
de mi abuela
living with this disease.
que viven con la enfermedad.
you're dying tomorrow.
que morirán mañana.
to understand love and joy.
what I said five minutes ago,
lo que dije hace cinco minutos,
you can remember.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lisa Genova - Neuroscientist, novelistThrough her fiction, Lisa Genova beckons us into the lives of people with neurological disease, making their worlds real and relatable.
Why you should listen
Lisa Genova wields her ability to tell a story and her knowledge of the human brain to talk about medical conditions like Alzheimer’s in warmly human terms. Her writing, often focusing on those who are misunderstood, explores the lives of people living with neurological diseases and disorders. A bestselling author, her work has been transformed into an Oscar-winning film, Still Alice, but the real triumph is Genova’s ability to help us empathize with a person’s journey we otherwise couldn’t even begin to understand.
Her newest book, Inside the O’Briens, is about Huntington’s disease.
Lisa Genova | Speaker | TED.com