TEDxPennQuarter
Christopher McDougall: Are we born to run?
Christopher McDougall: Jesmo li rođeni za trčanje?
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Christopher McDougall istražuje tajne ljudske želje za trčanjem. Kako je trčanje ranim ljudima pomoglo u preživljavanju -- i koji porivi naših drevnih predaka potiču nas danas? Na događaju TEDxPennQuarter, McDougall priča o maratonki sa zlatnim srcem, neočekivanoj ultra trkačici i skrivenom plemenu u Meksiku koje trči da bi preživjelo.
Christopher McDougall - Journalist, runner
Christopher McDougall is the author of "Born to Run: A Hidden Tribe, Super Athletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen." Full bio
Christopher McDougall is the author of "Born to Run: A Hidden Tribe, Super Athletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Running -- it's basically just right, left, right, left -- yeah?
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Trčanje: u suštini to je samo desna, lijeva, desna, lijeva – zar ne?
00:18
I mean, we've been doing it for two million years,
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Mislim, činimo to već dva milijuna godina,
00:20
so it's kind of arrogant to assume
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pa je arogantno pretpostaviti
00:23
that I've got something to say
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da imam nešto za reći
00:25
that hasn't been said and performed better a long time ago.
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što već nije rečeno i izvedeno davno ranije.
00:28
But the cool thing about running, as I've discovered,
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Ali zanimljivo je u vezi s trčanjem, kako sam otkrio,
00:30
is that something bizarre happens
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da se nešto bizarno događa
00:32
in this activity all the time.
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neprekidno tijekom ove aktivnosti.
00:34
Case in point: A couple months ago, if you saw the New York City Marathon,
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Primjer: Prije par mjeseci, ako ste gledali njujorški maraton,
00:37
I guarantee you, you saw something
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garantiram vam da ste vidjeli nešto
00:39
that no one has ever seen before.
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što još nitko nikada nije vidio.
00:42
An Ethiopian woman named Derartu Tulu
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Žena iz Etiopije, Derartu Tulu
00:44
turns up at the starting line.
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pojavila se na početnoj liniji.
00:46
She's 37 years old,
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Ima 37 godina,
00:48
she hasn't won a marathon of any kind in eight years,
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već osam godina nije pobijedila ni na jednom maratonu,
00:50
and a few months previously
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a nekoliko mjeseci prije ovoga
00:52
she almost died in childbirth.
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umalo je umrla pri porodu.
00:54
Derartu Tulu was ready to hang it up and retire from the sport,
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Derartu Tulu je bila spremna odustati i povući se iz sporta,
00:57
but she decided she'd go for broke
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ali je odlučila da će dati sve od sebe
00:59
and try for one last big payday
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i pokušati ostvariti posljednju veliku novčanu nagradu
01:01
in the marquee event,
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na značajnom natjecanju,
01:03
the New York City Marathon.
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njujorškom maratonu.
01:05
Except -- bad news for Derartu Tulu -- some other people had the same idea,
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Međutim – loše vijesti za Derartu Tulu – i drugi su imali istu ideju,
01:08
including the Olympic gold medalist
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uključujući osvajača zlatne medalje
01:10
and Paula Radcliffe, who is a monster,
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i Paulu Radcliffe, koja je čudovište,
01:13
the fastest woman marathoner in history by far.
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daleko najbrža maratonka u povijesti.
01:17
Only 10 minutes off the men's world record,
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S rezultatom koji samo 10 minuta zaostaje za muškim svjetskim rekordom,
01:19
Paula Radcliffe is essentially unbeatable.
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Paula Radcliffe je, u principu, nepobjediva.
01:22
That's her competition.
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To je njezina konkurencija.
01:24
The gun goes off, and she's not even an underdog.
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Čuje se pucanj i Derartu nije čak ni autsajderica;
01:27
She's under the underdogs.
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ona je manje od toga.
01:29
But the under-underdog hangs tough,
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Ali se autsajderica dobro drži.
01:31
and 22 miles into a 26-mile race,
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I nakon 35 kilometara od 42 ukupno,
01:34
there is Derartu Tulu
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Derartu Tulu se drži
01:36
up there with the lead pack.
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u vodećoj skupini.
01:38
Now this is when something really bizarre happens.
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I tu se događa nešto doista bizarno.
01:41
Paula Radcliffe, the one person who is sure to snatch the big paycheck
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Paula Radcliffe, jedina osoba koja može biti sigurna da će istrgnuti nagradu
01:44
out of Derartu Tulu's under-underdog hands,
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iz autsajderskih ruku Derartu Tulu,
01:47
suddenly grabs her leg and starts to fall back.
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iznenada se hvata za nogu i počinje zaostajati.
01:50
So we all know what to do in this situation, right?
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Svi znamo što učiniti u takvoj situaciji, zar ne?
01:52
You give her a quick crack in the teeth with your elbow
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Tresnete je laktom u zube
01:54
and blaze for the finish line.
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i pohitate prema ciljnoj ravnini.
01:57
Derartu Tulu ruins the script.
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Dearartu Tulu je pokvarila scenarij.
01:59
Instead of taking off,
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Umjesto da pojuri,
02:01
she falls back, and she grabs Paula Radcliffe,
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ona usporava, hvata Paulu Radcliffe,
02:03
says, "Come on. Come with us. You can do it."
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kaže, "Hajde. Hajde s nama. Možeš ti to."
02:05
So Paula Radcliffe, unfortunately, does it.
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I Paula Radcliffe, nažalost, uspijeva.
02:07
She catches up with the lead pack
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Dostiže vodeću skupinu
02:09
and is pushing toward the finish line.
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i grabi prema ciljnoj ravnini.
02:11
But then she falls back again.
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Ali tada opet zaostaje.
02:13
And the second time Derartu Tulu grabs her and tries to pull her.
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Po drugi puta je Derartu Tulu hvata i pokušava povući.
02:15
And Paula Radcliffe at that point says,
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A Paula Radcliffe u tom trenutku kaže,
02:17
"I'm done. Go."
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"Gotova sam. Idi."
02:19
So that's a fantastic story, and we all know how it ends.
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To je fantastična priča i svi znamo kako završava.
02:22
She loses the check,
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Ona gubi nagradu,
02:24
but she goes home with something bigger and more important.
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ali se vraća kući s nečim većim i važnijim.
02:26
Except Derartu Tulu ruins the script again --
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No Derartu Tulu opet kvari priču.
02:29
instead of losing, she blazes past the lead pack and wins,
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Umjesto da izgubi, ona hita pokraj vodeće skupine i pobjeđuje,
02:32
wins the New York City Marathon,
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osvaja njujorški maraton,
02:34
goes home with a big fat check.
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i ide kući s pozamašnim čekom.
02:36
It's a heartwarming story,
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Ovo je topla ljudska priča,
02:38
but if you drill a little bit deeper,
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ali ako se malo više udubite u nju,
02:40
you've got to sort of wonder about what exactly was going on there.
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morate se zapitati što se zapravo ondje događalo.
02:43
When you have two outliers in one organism,
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Kad imate dva izuzetka u jednom organizmu,
02:45
it's not a coincidence.
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to nije slučajno.
02:47
When you have someone who is more competitive and more compassionate
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Kad imate nekoga tko je borbeniji i željniji
02:50
than anybody else in the race, again, it's not a coincidence.
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od svih drugih u utrci, to opet nije slučajno.
02:53
You show me a creature with webbed feet and gills;
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Pokažite mi stvora s kožicama među prstima i škrgama,
02:56
somehow water's involved.
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i znam da on ima veze s vodom.
02:58
Someone with that kind of heart, there's some kind of connection there.
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Kad netko ima takvo srce, tu mora postojati neka veza.
03:01
And the answer to it, I think,
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A odgovor na to, mislim,
03:03
can be found down in the Copper Canyons of Mexico,
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može se naći u Bakrenim kanjonima Meksika,
03:06
where there's a tribe, a reclusive tribe,
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gdje imate pleme, povučeno pleme,
03:08
called the Tarahumara Indians.
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po nazivu Tarahumara indijanci.
03:10
Now the Tarahumara are remarkable for three things.
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Tarahumare su posebni po tri stvari.
03:13
Number one is,
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Prvo,
03:15
they have been living essentially unchanged
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žive, u biti, na nepromijenjen način
03:17
for the past 400 years.
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već 400 godina.
03:19
When the conquistadors arrived in North America you had two choices:
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Kad su konkvistadori stigli u sjevernu Ameriku postojale su dvije mogućnosti:
03:22
you either fight back and engage or you could take off.
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ili uzvratite borbom ili bježite.
03:25
The Mayans and Aztecs engaged,
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Maye i Asteci su se borili,
03:27
which is why there are very few Mayans and Aztecs.
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zbog čega danas ima vrlo malo Maya i Asteka.
03:30
The Tarahumara had a different strategy.
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Tarahumare su imale drugačiju strategiju.
03:32
They took off and hid
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Oni su pobjegli i skrili se
03:34
in this labyrinthine, networking,
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u labirintskom, poput paukove
03:36
spiderwebbing system of canyons
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mreže sustavu kanjona
03:38
called the Copper Canyons,
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koji se zovu Bakreni kanjoni,
03:40
and there they remained since the 1600s --
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i ondje su ostali od 1600-te --
03:43
essentially the same way they've always been.
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živeći na suštinski jednak način kao i uvijek.
03:47
The second thing remarkable about the Tarahumara
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Druga posebnost Tarahumara
03:50
is, deep into old age -- 70 to 80 years old --
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je da, duboko u starost – u dobi od 70 do 80 godina --
03:53
these guys aren't running marathons;
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ovi ljudi ne trče maratone,
03:55
they're running mega-marathons.
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oni trče mega maratone.
03:57
They're not doing 26 miles;
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Oni ne trče 42 kilometra,
03:59
they're doing 100, 150 miles at a time,
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oni pretrče 160, 240 kilometara odjednom,
04:02
and apparently without injury, without problems.
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i izgleda bez povreda, bez poteškoća.
04:05
The last thing that's remarkable about the Tarahumara
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Posljednja stvar po kojoj su Tarahumare posebni
04:07
is that all the things that we're going to be talking about today,
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je da o svemu o čemu ćemo danas pričati,
04:09
all the things that we're trying to come up with
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o svemu što pokušavamo riješiti
04:11
using all of our technology and brain power to solve --
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rabeći svu našu tehnologiju i umne sposobnosti --
04:14
things like heart disease and cholesterol and cancer
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o stvarima poput srčanih bolesti i kolesterola i raka
04:16
and crime and warfare and violence and clinical depression --
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i zločina i ratovanja i nasilja i kliničke depresije --
04:19
all this stuff, the Tarahumara don't know what you're talking about.
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o svemu tome, Tarahumare ne razumiju ni riječi.
04:22
They are free
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Oni ne poznaju
04:24
from all of these modern ailments.
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nijednu od tih modernih bolesti.
04:26
So what's the connection?
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Pa gdje je tu veza?
04:28
Again, we're talking about outliers --
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Ponovno, govorimo o izuzetcima.
04:30
there's got to be some kind of cause and effect there.
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Mora postojati nekakav uzrok i posljedica u ovome.
04:32
Well, there are teams of scientists
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Timovi znanstvenika postoje
04:34
at Harvard and the University of Utah
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na Harvardu i sveučilištu Utah
04:36
that are bending their brains to try to figure out
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koji napinju mozak pokušavajući otkriti
04:38
what the Tarahumara have known forever.
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ono što Tarahumare znaju oduvijek.
04:41
They're trying to solve those same kinds of mysteries.
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Oni pokušavaju riješiti iste te tajne.
04:44
And once again, a mystery wrapped inside of a mystery --
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I opet, misterij umotan u misterij --
04:47
perhaps the key to Derartu Tulu and the Tarahumara
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možda je ključ za Derartu Tulu i Tarahumare
04:50
is wrapped in three other mysteries, which go like this:
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skriven u trima drugim misterijima, a one glase:
04:53
three things -- if you have the answer, come up and take the microphone,
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Tri stvari – ako znate odgovor, dođite i uzmite mikrofon,
04:55
because nobody else knows the answer.
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jer ga nitko drugi ne zna.
04:57
And if you know it, then you are smarter than anybody else on planet Earth.
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A ako ga znate, tada ste pametniji od bilo koje osobe na planetu Zemlji.
05:00
Mystery number one is this:
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Tajna broj jedan je ova:
05:02
Two million years ago the human brain exploded in size.
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Prije dva milijuna godina, veličina ljudskog mozga je eksplodirala.
05:05
Australopithecus had a tiny little pea brain.
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Australopitek je imao mozak majušan poput graška.
05:07
Suddenly humans show up -- Homo erectus --
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Iznenada se pojavljuju ljudi -- Homo erectus --
05:09
big, old melon-head.
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velika glava poput dinje.
05:11
To have a brain of that size,
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Za mozak te veličine,
05:13
you need to have a source of condensed caloric energy.
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treba vam izvor zgusnute kalorične energije.
05:16
In other words, early humans are eating dead animals --
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Drugim riječima, rani ljudi jedu mrtve životinje --
05:18
no argument, that's a fact.
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nema rasprave, ovo je činjenica.
05:20
The only problem is,
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Jedini problem je u tome,
05:22
the first edged weapons only appeared about 200,000 years ago.
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što su se prva oružja s oštricom pojavila prije nekih 200.000 godina.
05:25
So, somehow, for nearly two million years,
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Znači, nekako tijekom dva milijuna godina,
05:28
we are killing animals without any weapons.
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ubijamo životinje bez oružja.
05:31
Now we're not using our strength
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Ne koristimo se snagom
05:33
because we are the biggest sissies in the jungle.
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jer smo najveći slabići u prašumi.
05:35
Every other animal is stronger than we are --
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Svaka druga životinja je jača od nas.
05:37
they have fangs, they have claws, they have nimbleness, they have speed.
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Imaju očnjake, imaju kandže, imaju gipkost, imaju brzinu.
05:40
We think Usain Bolt is fast. Usain Bolt can get his ass kicked by a squirrel.
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Mislimo da je Usain Bolt brz. Usaina Bolta će isprašiti obična vjeverica.
05:43
We're not fast.
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Nismo brzi.
05:45
That would be an Olympic event: turn a squirrel loose --
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To bi bio olimpijski događaj: pustiti vjevericu.
05:47
whoever catches the squirrel, you get a gold medal.
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Tko god ulovi vjevericu, dobije zlatnu medalju.
05:50
So no weapons, no speed, no strength, no fangs, no claws --
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Dakle, bez oružja, bez brzine, bez snage, bez očnjaka, bez kandži.
05:53
how were we killing these animals? Mystery number one.
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Kako smo ubijali te životinje? Tajna broj jedan.
05:56
Mystery number two:
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Tajna broj dva:
05:58
Women have been in the Olympics for quite some time now,
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Žene sudjeluju na Olimpijadi već dugo vremena,
06:01
but one thing that's remarkable about all women sprinters --
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ali jedno je zanimljivo kod svih sprinterica --
06:03
they all suck; they're terrible.
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sve su loše, užasne su.
06:05
There's not a fast woman on the planet
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Na planetu nema nijedne brze žene
06:07
and there never has been.
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i nikada je ni nije bilo.
06:09
The fastest woman to ever run a mile did it in 4:15.
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Najbrže što je žena ikad istrčala milju je za 4.15.
06:12
I could throw a rock and hit a high school boy
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Mogu baciti kamen i pogoditi srednjoškolskog momka
06:14
who can run faster than 4:15.
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koji će trčati brže od 4.15.
06:16
For some reason you guys are just really slow.
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Iz nekog razloga vi ste jednostavno zaista spore.
06:18
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:20
But you get to the marathon we were just talking about --
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Ali dođite na maraton o kojem smo maločas govorili --
06:23
you guys have only been allowed to run the marathon for 20 years.
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dopušteno vam je trčati maraton tek nekih 20 godina.
06:25
Because, prior to the 1980s,
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Jer, prije 1980-tih,
06:27
medical science said that if a woman tried to run 26 miles --
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medicina je tvrdila da ako žene pokušaju trčati 42 kilometra --
06:30
does anyone know what would happen if you tried to run 26 miles,
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zna li netko što bi se navodno dogodilo da ste pokušali trčati 42 kilometra,
06:32
why you were banned from the marathon before the 1980s?
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zašto vam se prije '80-tih branilo sudjelovati u maratonu?
06:36
(Audience Member: Her uterus would be torn.) Her uterus would be torn.
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(Iz publike: Maternica bi se oštetila.) Maternica bi se oštetila.
06:39
Yes. You would have torn reproductive organs.
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Da. Pokidale biste svoje reproduktivne organe.
06:41
The uterus would fall out, literally fall out of the body.
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Maternica bi ispala, doslovno ispala iz tijela.
06:44
Now I've been to a lot of marathons,
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No, bio sam na mnogim maratonima,
06:46
and I've yet to see any ...
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i to tek trebam doživjeti.
06:48
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:51
So it's only been 20 years that women have been allowed to run the marathon.
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Dakle, prošlo je tek 20 godina kako je ženama dopušteno trčati maraton.
06:54
In that very short learning curve,
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U tom vrlo kratkom razdoblju,
06:56
you guys have gone from broken organs
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napredovale ste od pokidanih organa
06:59
up to the fact that you're only 10 minutes off
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do samo 10 minuta zaostatka
07:01
the male world record.
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za muškim svjetskim rekordom.
07:03
Then you go beyond 26 miles,
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A ako idete i dalje od 42 kilometra,
07:05
into the distance that medical science also told us would be fatal to humans --
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na udaljenosti za koje nam je medicina također rekla da su fatalne za ljude --
07:08
remember Pheidippides died when he ran 26 miles --
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sjetite se da je Feidipid umro nakon pretrčana 42 kilometra --
07:10
you get to 50 and 100 miles,
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odete na 80 ili 160 kilometara,
07:12
and suddenly it's a different game.
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i odjednom je riječ o posve drugoj igri.
07:14
You can take a runner like Ann Trason, or Nikki Kimball, or Jenn Shelton,
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Uzmite trkačicu poput Ann Trason, ili Nikki Kimball, ili Jenn Shelton,
07:17
you put them in a race of 50 or 100 miles against anybody in the world
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stavite je u utrku na 80 ili 160 kilometara protiv bilo koga na svijetu
07:20
and it's a coin toss who's going to win.
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i vjerojatnost tko će pobijediti je jednaka bacanju novčića.
07:22
I'll give you an example.
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Dat ću vam primjer.
07:24
A couple years ago, Emily Baer signed up for a race
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Prije nekoliko godina, Emily Baer se prijavila za utrku
07:26
called the Hardrock 100,
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zvanu Hardrock 100 (Tvrdih 100),
07:28
which tells you all you need to know about the race.
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što vam sve govori o utrci što trebate znati.
07:31
They give you 48 hours to finish this race.
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Imate 48 sati da završite utrku.
07:33
Well Emily Baer -- 500 runners --
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No, Emily Baer – 500 trkača --
07:35
she finishes in eighth place, in the top 10,
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ona završava na osmom mjestu, u prvih 10,
07:37
even though she stopped at all the aid stations
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premda je stala na svim odmorištima za pomoć
07:39
to breastfeed her baby during the race --
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kako bi tijekom utrke dojila svoje dijete --
07:42
and yet, beat 492 other people.
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i opet je pobijedila 492 druga suparnika.
07:44
So why is it that women get stronger
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Posljednja tajna: Zašto, dakle, žene postaju snažnije
07:46
as distances get longer?
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što su dionice duže?
07:48
The third mystery is this:
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Treća tajna je ova:
07:50
At the University of Utah, they started tracking finishing times
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Na sveučilištu Utah, počeli su pratiti završna vremena
07:53
for people running the marathon.
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maratonskih trkača.
07:55
And what they found
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I otkrili su da
07:57
is that, if you start running the marathon at age 19,
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ako počnete trčati maraton u dobi od 19 godina,
07:59
you will get progressively faster, year by year,
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bit ćete progresivno sve brži, godinu za godinom,
08:01
until you reach your peak at age 27.
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dok ne dosegnete svoj vrhunac u 27. godini.
08:03
And then after that, you succumb
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A nakon toga padate
08:05
to the rigors of time.
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pod zubom vremena.
08:07
And you'll get slower and slower,
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Postajete sve sporiji i sporiji,
08:09
until eventually you're back to running the same speed you were at age 19.
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dok na kraju ne budete trčali ista vremena koja ste trčali s 19 godina.
08:12
So about seven years, eight years to reach your peak,
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Dakle, imate sedam, osam godina da dosegnete svoj vrhunac,
08:14
and then gradually you fall off your peak,
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a tada postupno padate,
08:16
until you go back to the starting point.
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dok se ne vratite na početak.
08:19
You would think it might take eight years to go back to the same speed,
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Pomislili biste da je potrebno osam godina da se vratite na početnu brzinu,
08:22
maybe 10 years -- no, it's 45 years.
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možda 10 godina – ne, treba 45 godina.
08:25
64-year-old men and women
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60-godišnji muškarci i žene
08:27
are running as fast as they were at age 19.
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trče jednako brzo kao u dobi od 19 godina.
08:30
Now I defy you to come up with any other physical activity --
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Izazivam vas da mi kažete ikoju drugu fizičku aktivnost --
08:33
and please don't say golf -- something that actually is hard --
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i molim vas, nemojte reći golf – nešto što je naporno --
08:37
where geriatrics are performing
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u kojoj starci postižu učinak
08:39
as well as they did as teenagers.
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kakav su postizali kao adolescenti.
08:42
So you have these three mysteries.
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I to su vam tri tajne.
08:44
Is there one piece in the puzzle
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Postoji li neki djelić mozaika
08:46
which might wrap all these things up?
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koji bi mogao povezati sve te stvari?
08:48
You've got to be really careful any time
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Morate biti vrlo oprezni kad god netko
08:50
someone looks back in prehistory and tries to give you some sort of global answer,
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pogleda natrag u prethistoriju i pokuša vam dati globalni odgovor,
08:53
because, it being prehistory,
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jer, budući da je riječ o prethistoriji,
08:55
you can say whatever the hell you want and get away with it.
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možete tvrditi što god hoćete i uspjeti u tome.
08:57
But I'll submit this to you:
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Ali predlažem vam ovo:
08:59
If you put one piece in the middle of this jigsaw puzzle,
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Ako u sredinu ove zagonetke stavite jedan djelić,
09:01
suddenly it all starts to form a coherent picture.
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iznenada sve poprima skladan izgled.
09:04
If you wonder, why it is the Tarahumara don't fight
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Ako se pitate zašto se Tarahumare ne bore
09:06
and don't die of heart disease,
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i ne umiru od srčanih bolesti,
09:08
why a poor Ethiopian woman named Derartu Tulu
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zašto siromašna Etiopljanka Derartu Tulu
09:11
can be the most compassionate and yet the most competitive,
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može biti najempatičnija, a opet najborbenija,
09:14
and why we somehow were able
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i zašto smo nekako bili u stanju
09:16
to find food without weapons,
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pronaći hranu bez oružja,
09:18
perhaps it's because humans,
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možda je to naprosto zato što su ljudi,
09:20
as much as we like to think of ourselves as masters of the universe,
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koliko god mislili o sebi kao o gospodarima svemira,
09:23
actually evolved as nothing more
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zapravo evoluirali kao ništa više
09:25
than a pack of hunting dogs.
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nego čopor lovačkih pasa.
09:27
Maybe we evolved
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Možda smo evoluirali
09:29
as a hunting pack animal.
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kao životinja koja lovi u čoporu.
09:31
Because the one advantage we have in the wilderness --
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Jer jedina prednost koju imamo u divljini --
09:33
again, it's not our fangs and our claws and our speed --
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ponavljam, to nisu očnjaci, niti kandže niti naša brzina --
09:35
the only thing we do really, really well is sweat.
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jedina stvar koju radimo jako, jako dobro je znojenje.
09:38
We're really good at being sweaty and smelly.
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Jako smo dobri kad treba biti znojan i smrdljiv.
09:41
Better than any other mammal on Earth, we can sweat really well.
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Bolje od ikojeg sisavca na Zemlji, znamo se dobro znojiti.
09:44
But the advantage
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Ali prednost
09:46
of that little bit of social discomfort
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te male društvene neugode
09:48
is the fact that, when it comes to running
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je činjenica da, kada govorimo o trčanju
09:50
under hot heat for long distances,
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na duge udaljenosti, po vrućini,
09:53
we're superb, we're the best on the planet.
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mi smo sjajni, mi smo najbolji na planetu.
09:56
You take a horse on a hot day,
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Pogledajte konja u vrućem danu,
09:58
and after about five or six miles, that horse has a choice.
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nakon 7,5 do deset kilometara, konj nema izbora.
10:00
It's either going to breathe or it's going to cool off,
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Ili će disati ili će se hladiti,
10:03
but it ain't doing both -- we can.
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ali ne može činiti oboje – a mi možemo.
10:05
So what if we evolved as hunting pack animals?
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Što, dakle, ako smo evoluirali kao lovci u čoporu?
10:08
What if the only natural advantage we had in the world
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Što ako je jedina prirodna prednost koju imamo na svijetu
10:12
was the fact that we could get together as a group,
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bila ta da smo se mogli okupiti zajedno,
10:14
go out there on that African Savannah, pick out an antelope
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izaći na afričku savanu, odabrati antilopu
10:17
and go out as a pack and run that thing to death?
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pojuriti u čoporu i trčati za njom dok ne padne?
10:20
That's all we could do.
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To je sve što smo bili u stanju;
10:22
We could run really far on a hot day.
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mogli smo trčati zaista daleko za vrućih dana.
10:24
Well if that's true, a couple other things had to be true as well.
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Ako je to točno, tada i neke druge stvari moraju biti točne.
10:27
The key to being part of a hunting pack is the word "pack."
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Za člana lovačkog čopora, ključna je riječ „čopor“.
10:30
If you go out by yourself, and you try to chase an antelope,
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Ako krenete sami i pokušate loviti antilopu,
10:32
I guarantee you there's going to be two cadavers out there in the Savannah.
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garantiram vam da će se na savani naći dva trupla.
10:35
You need a pack to pull together.
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Treba vam čopor da biste izdržali.
10:37
You need to have those 64-, 65-year-olds
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Trebaju vam ljudi od 64, 65 godina
10:39
who have been doing this for a long time
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koji to čine već dugo vremena
10:41
to understand which antelope you're actually trying to catch.
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kako biste znali koju antilopu zapravo trebate pokušati uloviti.
10:43
The herd explodes and it gathers back again.
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Krdo se rasprši, a kasnije se opet okupi.
10:46
Those expert trackers have got to be part of the pack.
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Dio čopora moraju biti stručnjaci za praćenje tragova.
10:48
They can't be 10 miles behind.
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Ne smiju biti 16 kilometara iza.
10:50
You need to have the women and the adolescents there
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Trebaju vam ondje i žene i adolescenti
10:52
because the two times in your life you most benefit from animal protein
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jer su dva razdoblja u životu kad vam najviše trebaju životinjske bjelančevine
10:55
is when you are a nursing mother and a developing adolescent.
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a to su kad ste majka koja doji dijete i kad ste adolescent u razvoju.
10:58
It makes no sense to have the antelope over there dead
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Nema smisla imati mrtvu antilopu ovdje,
11:00
and the people who want to eat it 50 miles away.
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a ljude koji je trebaju jesti 80 kilometara daleko.
11:02
They need to be part of the pack.
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Moraju biti dio čopora.
11:04
You need to have those 27-year-old studs at the peak of their powers
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Trebaju vam oni 27-godišnjaci u naponu snage
11:06
ready to drop the kill,
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spremni da obore plijen,
11:08
and you need to have those teenagers there
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i trebate adolescente
11:10
who are learning the whole thing all involved.
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koji uče što sve lov uključuje.
11:12
The pack stays together.
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Čopor mora ostati na okupu.
11:14
Another thing that has to be true about this pack: this pack cannot be really materialistic.
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Još jedna stvar mora biti točna za ovakav čopor: čopor ne može biti doista materijalistički.
11:17
You can't be hauling all your crap around, trying to chase the antelope.
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Ne možete vući sav svoj brlog sa sobom i pokušati uloviti antilopu.
11:20
You can't be a pissed-off pack. You can't be bearing grudges,
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Ne možete biti čopor čangrizavih. Ne možete biti zlopamtila.
11:23
like, "I'm not chasing that guy's antelope.
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Kao, „Neću loviti antilopu tog tipa.
11:25
He pissed me off. Let him go chase his own antelope."
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Naživcirao me. Neka sam lovi svoju antilopu."
11:27
The pack has got to be able to swallow its ego,
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U čoporu se mora moći pregristi svoj ego,
11:30
be cooperative and pull together.
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biti kooperativan i vući jedni druge.
11:32
What you end up with, in other words,
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I ono što dobijete, drugim riječima,
11:35
is a culture remarkably similar
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je kultura izuzetno slična
11:37
to the Tarahumara --
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Tarahumarama --
11:39
a tribe that has remained unchanged
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plemenu koje je ostalo nepromijenjeno
11:41
since the Stone Age.
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od kamenog doba.
11:43
It's a really compelling argument
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Zaista je snažan argument
11:45
that maybe the Tarahumara are doing
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da možda Tarahumare čine
11:47
exactly what all of us had done for two million years,
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točno ono što smo svi činili tijekom dva milijuna godina.
11:50
that it's us in modern times who have sort of gone off the path.
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Da smo tek u moderno doba na neki način skrenuli s puta.
11:53
You know, we look at running as this kind of alien, foreign thing,
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Znate, gledamo na trčanje kao na nekakvu tuđu, stranu stvar,
11:56
this punishment you've got to do because you ate pizza the night before.
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kaznu koju moramo podnijeti jer smo večer prije jeli pizzu.
11:59
But maybe it's something different.
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Ali možda je trčanje nešto drugo.
12:01
Maybe we're the ones who have taken this natural advantage we had
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Možda smo mi ti koji su uzeli prirodnu prednost koju smo imali
12:04
and we spoiled it.
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i upropastili je.
12:06
How do we spoil it? Well how do we spoil anything?
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Kako smo je upropastili? No, pa kako bilo što upropastimo?
12:09
We try to cash in on it.
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Pokušamo na njoj zaraditi.
12:11
We try to can it and package it and make it "better"
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Pokušamo je konzervirati, zapakirati i učiniti boljom
12:13
and sell it to people.
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i prodati je ljudima.
12:15
And what happened was we started creating
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I dogodilo se da smo počeli proizvoditi
12:17
these fancy cushioned things,
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te lijepe podstavljene stvarčice,
12:19
which can make running "better," called running shoes.
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s kojima se bolje trči, a zovemo ih tenisicama.
12:22
The reason I get personally pissed-off about running shoes
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Ja sam osobno ljutit na tenisice
12:25
is because I bought a million of them and I kept getting hurt.
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jer sam ih kupio milijun i svejedno se ozljeđivao.
12:28
And I think that, if anybody in here runs --
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I mislim da, ako itko ovdje trči --
12:30
and I just had a conversation with Carol;
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i malo prije sam razgovarao s Carol;
12:32
we talked for two minutes backstage, and she's talking about plantar fasciitis.
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pričali smo iza bine neke dvije minute i ona mi priča o platar fasciitis.
12:35
You talk to a runner, I guarantee, within 30 seconds,
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Kada pričate s trkačem, garantiram vam, u roku od 30 sekundi,
12:38
the conversation turns to injury.
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razgovor prelazi na ozljede.
12:40
So if humans evolved as runners, if that's our one natural advantage,
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Pa ako su ljudi evoluirali kao trkači, ako je to naša prirodna prednost,
12:43
why are we so bad at it? Why do we keep getting hurt?
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zašto smo onda tako loši u tome? Zašto se ozljeđujemo?
12:46
Curious thing about running and running injuries
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Zanimljivo je kod trčanja i ozljeda povezanih s trčanjem
12:48
is that the running injury is new to our time.
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to da su plod našeg vremena.
12:51
If you read folklore and mythology,
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Ako čitate narodnu predaju i mitologiju,
12:53
any kind of myths, any kind of tall tales,
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bilo kakve mitove, bilo kakve priče,
12:55
running is always associated
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trčanje je uvijek povezano
12:57
with freedom and vitality and youthfulness and eternal vigor.
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sa slobodom, vitalnošću, mladošću i vječnom žustrinom.
13:00
It's only in our lifetime
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Samo se u naše doba trčanje povezuje
13:02
that running has become associated with fear and pain.
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sa strahom i bolom.
13:04
Geronimo used to say
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Geronimo je govorio:
13:06
that, "My only friends are my legs. I only trust my legs."
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"Moji jedini prijatelji su moje noge. Samo nogama vjerujem."
13:09
That's because an Apache triathlon
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Zato što je triatlon Apača bio
13:11
used to be you'd run 50 miles across the desert,
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da trčite 80 kilometara kroz pustinju,
13:13
engage in hand-to-hand combat, steal a bunch of horses
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uključite se u blisku borbu, ukradete krdo konja
13:15
and slap leather for home.
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i žurite kući.
13:17
Geronimo was never saying, "Ah, you know something,
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Geronimo nikad nije govorio, „A, znate što,
13:19
my achilles -- I'm tapering. I got to take this week off,"
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moja peta – boli me. Trebam tjedan dana dopusta,"
13:22
or "I need to cross-train.
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ili „Trebam unakrsni trening.
13:24
I didn't do yoga. I'm not ready."
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Nisam radio yogu. Nisam spreman."
13:27
Humans ran and ran all the time.
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Ljudi su trčali i trčali cijelo vrijeme.
13:29
We are here today. We have our digital technology.
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Danas smo ovdje. Imamo svoju digitalnu tehnologiju.
13:31
All of our science comes from the fact
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Sva naša znanost proistječe iz činjenice
13:33
that our ancestors were able
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da su nam preci bili sposobni
13:35
to do something extraordinary every day,
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uraditi nešto izuzetno svakoga dana,
13:37
which was just rely on their naked feet and legs
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a to je osloniti se na svoja bosa stopala i noge
13:39
to run long distances.
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i pretrčavati velike udaljenosti.
13:41
So how do we get back to that again?
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Pa kako da se opet vratimo tome?
13:43
Well, I would submit to you the first thing is
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Predložio bih da je prvo što moramo učiniti,
13:45
get rid of all packaging, all the sales, all the marketing.
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riješiti se ambalaže, sve prodaje, svog marketinga.
13:48
Get rid of all the stinking running shoes.
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Riješiti se svih smrdljivih tenisica.
13:50
Stop focusing on urban marathons,
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Prestanimo se fokusirati na gradske maratone,
13:52
which, if you do four hours, you suck.
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na kojima, ako postižete četiri sata, loši ste.
13:55
If you do 3:59:59, you're awesome,
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A ako postižete 3.59.59 tada ste fenomenalni
13:57
because you qualified for another race.
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jer ste se kvalificirali za sljedeću utrku.
13:59
We need to get back to that sense of playfulness and joyfulness
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Moramo povratiti onaj osjećaj zaigranosti i užitka
14:02
and, I would say, nakedness,
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i, rekao bih, golotinje
14:05
that has made the Tarahumara
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koja je od Tarahumara načinila
14:07
one of the healthiest and serene cultures in our time.
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jednu od najzdravijih i najspokojnijih kultura našeg doba.
14:10
So what's the benefit? So what?
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Koja korist od toga? Pa što?
14:12
So you burn off the Haagen-Dazs from the night before?
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Kako biste potrošili sladoled Haagen-Dazs od prethodne večeri?
14:15
But maybe there's another benefit there as well.
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Ali možda postoji još jedna korist.
14:18
Without getting a little too extreme about this,
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Nećemo zaći previše ekstremno u ovo,
14:21
imagine a world
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no zamislite svijet
14:23
where everybody could go out their door
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u kojem bi svatko mogao izaći na vrata
14:25
and engage in the kind of exercise
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i upražnjavati rekreaciju
14:27
that's going to make them more relaxed, more serene,
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koja bi ga učinila opuštenijim, spokojnijim,
14:30
more healthy,
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zdravijim,
14:32
burn off stress --
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koja bi sagorjela stres --
14:34
where you don't come back into your office a raging maniac anymore,
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pa se ne vraćate u ured više kao pomahnitali manijak,
14:36
where you don't go back home with a lot of stress on top of you again.
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pa se ne vraćate kući s puno stresa na plećima.
14:38
Maybe there's something between what we are today
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Možda postoji i sredina između onoga što smo danas
14:41
and what the Tarahumara have always been.
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i onoga što su Tarahumare oduvijek bile.
14:44
I don't say let's go back to the Copper Canyons
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Ne kažem da se vratimo u Bakrene kanjone
14:46
and live on corn and maize, which is the Tarahumara's preferred diet,
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i živimo od običnog i indijanskog kukuruza,
14:49
but maybe there's somewhere in between.
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ali možda postoji nešto između.
14:51
And if we find that thing,
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I ako to pronađemo,
14:53
maybe there is a big fat Nobel Prize out there.
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možda negdje čeka i velika, debela Nobelova nagrada.
14:56
Because if somebody could find a way
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Jer kad bi netko mogao pronaći način
14:59
to restore that natural ability
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da povratimo tu prirodnu prednost
15:01
that we all enjoyed for most of our existence,
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koju smo imali tijekom većeg dijela našeg postojanja,
15:03
up until the 1970s or so,
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koju smo svi imali do 1970-tih ili tako nešto,
15:05
the benefits, social and physical
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koristi, društvene i fizičke,
15:07
and political and mental,
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političke i mentalne,
15:10
could be astounding.
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mogle bi biti zapanjujuće.
15:12
So what I've been seeing today is there is a growing subculture
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Ono što danas vidim je rastuća supkultura
15:15
of barefoot runners, people who got rid of their shoes.
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bosonogih trkača, ljudi koji odbacuju tenisice.
15:18
And what they have found uniformly is
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I ono što svi jednako otkrivaju je da
15:20
you get rid of the shoes, you get rid of the stress,
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kada se riješite tenisica, riješili ste se stresa,
15:23
you get rid of the injuries and the ailments.
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riješili ste se ozljeda i bolova.
15:25
And what you find is something
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I ono što otkrijete je nešto
15:27
the Tarahumara have known for a very long time,
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što Tarahumare znaju već dugo vremena,
15:29
that this can be a whole lot of fun.
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da to može biti jako zabavno.
15:31
I've experienced it personally myself.
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Osobno sam to doživio.
15:33
I was injured all my life, and then in my early 40s I got rid of my shoes
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Bio sam ozlijeđen čitav život, a tada sam, u ranim 40-tim odbacio tenisice
15:36
and my running ailments have gone away too.
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pa su i moji bolovi nestali.
15:38
So hopefully it's something we can all benefit from.
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Možemo se nadati da je to nešto od čega ćemo svi imati koristi.
15:40
And I appreciate you guys listening to this story. Thanks very much.
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I cijenim to što ste poslušali moju priču. Hvala Vam puno.
15:43
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher McDougall - Journalist, runnerChristopher McDougall is the author of "Born to Run: A Hidden Tribe, Super Athletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen."
Why you should listen
Longtime reporter Christopher McDougall is also a longtime runner -- and he brings his reporter's passion and eye for detail to the mysteries of running in his latest book. "Born to Run" examines humanity's inborn need to run and sweat, and it's filled with passion, odd facts, oddly pertinent digressions and deeply engaging journeys to running subcults (and cults-of-one). The book has inspired at least one fan site.
McDougall writes for Outside, Men's Health, New York and other magazines. His other, equally intriguing book, is Girl Trouble: The True Saga of Superstar Gloria Trevi and the Secret Teenage Sex Cult That Stunned the World.
Christopher McDougall | Speaker | TED.com