TEDGlobal 2011
Mikko Hypponen: Fighting viruses, defending the net
Mikko Hypponen: Borba protiv virusa, obrana mreže
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Prošlo je 25 godina otkako je prvi virus za PC (Brain A) došao na mrežu, a ono što je nekad bila samo smetnja sada je sofisticiran alat kriminala i špijunaže. Stručnjak za računalnu sigurnost, Mikko Hyppönen objašnjava kako možemo spriječiti ove nove viruse koji ugrožavaju internet kakvim ga poznajemo.
Mikko Hypponen - Cybersecurity expert
As computer access expands, Mikko Hypponen asks: What's the next killer virus, and will the world be able to cope with it? And also: How can we protect digital privacy in the age of government surveillance? Full bio
As computer access expands, Mikko Hypponen asks: What's the next killer virus, and will the world be able to cope with it? And also: How can we protect digital privacy in the age of government surveillance? Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I love the Internet.
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Ja volim internet.
00:18
It's true.
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Zaista.
00:20
Think about everything it has brought us.
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Razmislite o svemu što nam je donio.
00:22
Think about all the services we use,
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Razmislite kolike usluge koristimo,
00:25
all the connectivity,
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kako smo povezani,
00:27
all the entertainment,
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kako se zabavljamo,
00:29
all the business, all the commerce.
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koliko se poslova i trgovine na internetu obavi.
00:32
And it's happening during our lifetimes.
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A sve to se događa tijekom našeg životnog vijeka.
00:35
I'm pretty sure that one day
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Siguran sam da će jednog dana,
00:38
we'll be writing history books
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stoljećima nakon nas,
00:40
hundreds of years from now. This time
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o ovome pisati u povijesnim knjigama.
00:43
our generation will be remembered
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Naša generacija bit će upamćena
00:46
as the generation that got online,
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kao generacija koja je krenula online,
00:49
the generation
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generacija
00:51
that built something really and truly global.
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koja je stvorila nešto zaista globalno.
00:54
But yes, it's also true
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No, također je istina
00:57
that the Internet has problems, very serious problems,
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i da internet ima problema, vrlo ozbiljnih problema,
01:00
problems with security
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sigurnosnih problema
01:03
and problems with privacy.
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te problema sa zaštitom privatnosti.
01:06
I've spent my career
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Proveo sam čitav svoj radni vijek
01:08
fighting these problems.
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boreći se s tim problemima.
01:11
So let me show you something.
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Pokazao bih vam nešto.
01:15
This here
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Ovo ovdje
01:17
is Brain.
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je Brain (mozak).
01:19
This is a floppy disk
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Ovo je disketa
01:21
-- five and a quarter-inch floppy disk
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-- 5¼-inčna disketa
01:23
infected by Brain.A.
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zaražena virusom Brain.A.
01:25
It's the first virus we ever found
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To je prvi ikad pronađeni virus
01:27
for PC computers.
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za osobna računala.
01:30
And we actually know
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Znamo čak
01:32
where Brain came from.
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i odakle je Brain stigao.
01:34
We know because it says so
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Znamo jer to piše
01:36
inside the code.
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unutar koda.
01:38
Let's take a look.
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Pogledajmo.
01:45
All right.
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U redu.
01:48
That's the boot sector of an infected floppy,
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Ovo je početni sektor zaražene diskete
01:51
and if we take a closer look inside,
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pa ako pogledamo pažljivije,
01:54
we'll see that right there,
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vidjet ćemo da upravo ovdje
01:56
it says, "Welcome to the dungeon."
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piše: "Dobrodošli u tamnicu."
02:00
And then it continues,
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A u nastavku,
02:02
saying, 1986, Basit and Amjad.
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1986., Basit i Amjad.
02:05
And Basit and Amjad are first names,
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Basit i Amjad su imena,
02:08
Pakistani first names.
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pakistanska imena.
02:10
In fact, there's a phone number and an address in Pakistan.
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Zapravo, ovdje su i telefonski broj i adresa u Pakistanu.
02:13
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:18
Now, 1986.
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Dakle, 1986. godine.
02:21
Now it's 2011.
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A sada je 2011.
02:23
That's 25 years ago.
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To je bilo prije 25 godina.
02:25
The PC virus problem is 25 years old now.
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Problem s virusima za PC traje već 25 godina.
02:29
So half a year ago,
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Stoga sam prije pola godine
02:31
I decided to go to Pakistan myself.
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i sam odlučio otići u Pakistan.
02:34
So let's see, here's a couple of photos I took while I was in Pakistan.
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Ovdje vidite nekoliko fotografija koje sam ondje snimio.
02:37
This is from the city of Lahore,
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Ovo je grad Lahore,
02:39
which is around 300 kilometers south
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oko 300 km južno
02:41
from Abbottabad, where Bin Laden was caught.
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od Abbottabada, gdje je uhvaćen Bin Laden.
02:44
Here's a typical street view.
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Ovo je tipičan prizor s ulice.
02:47
And here's the street or road leading to this building,
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Ovdje vidimo ulicu i cestu koje vode do ove zgrade,
02:50
which is 730 Nizam block at Allama Iqbal Town.
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na adresi Nizam blok 730 u Allama Iqbalu.
02:54
And I knocked on the door.
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Pokucao sam na vrata.
02:56
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:58
You want to guess who opened the door?
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Hoćete pogoditi tko ih je otvorio?
03:00
Basit and Amjad; they are still there.
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Basit i Amjad. Oni su još uvijek ondje.
03:02
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:04
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
03:08
So here standing up is Basit.
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Čovjek koji stoji je Basit.
03:11
Sitting down is his brother Amjad.
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Njegov brat Amjad sjedi.
03:14
These are the guys who wrote the first PC virus.
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To su momci koji su napisali prvi virus za PC.
03:17
Now of course, we had a very interesting discussion.
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Naravno, uslijedila je vrlo zanimljiva rasprava.
03:20
I asked them why.
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Upitao sam ih zašto.
03:22
I asked them how they feel about what they started.
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Pitao sam ih za njihovo mišljenje o tome što su započeli.
03:25
And I got some sort of satisfaction
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A osjetio sam i određeno zadovoljstvo
03:28
from learning that both Basit and Amjad
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kad sam saznao da su i Basitu i Amjadu
03:31
had had their computers infected dozens of times
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tijekom godina računala bila zaražena desecima puta
03:34
by completely unrelated other viruses
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virusima s kojima njih dvojica
03:36
over these years.
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nisu imali nikakve veze.
03:38
So there is some sort of justice
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Stoga ipak postoji neka pravda
03:40
in the world after all.
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na ovome svijetu.
03:44
Now, the viruses that we used to see
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Virusi koje smo viđali
03:46
in the 1980s and 1990s
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u 80-ima i 90-ima
03:48
obviously are not a problem any more.
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očito više nisu problem.
03:51
So let me just show you a couple of examples
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Pokazao bih vam nekoliko primjera
03:53
of what they used to look like.
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kako su prije izgledali.
03:55
What I'm running here
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Ovdje imam sustav
03:57
is a system that enables me
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koji mi omogućuje
03:59
to run age-old programs on a modern computer.
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pokretanje starih programa na modernom računalu.
04:02
So let me just mount some drives. Go over there.
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Samo da podignem neke pogone.
04:05
What we have here is a list of old viruses.
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Ovo je popis starih virusa.
04:08
So let me just run some viruses on my computer.
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Pokrenut ću ih nekoliko na svojem računalu.
04:11
For example,
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Primjerice,
04:13
let's go with the Centipede virus first.
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počnimo sa virusom Centipede (stonoga).
04:15
And you can see at the top of the screen,
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Pri vrhu zaslona možete vidjeti
04:17
there's a centipede scrolling across your computer
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stonogu koja se kreće po vašem računalu
04:19
when you get infected by this one.
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ako se zarazite ovim virusom.
04:21
You know that you're infected
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Znate da ste se zarazili
04:23
because it actually shows up.
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jer se nešto pojavi na zaslonu.
04:25
Here's another one. This is the virus called Crash,
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Ovo je drugi primjer. Virus zvan Crash (pad sustava),
04:28
invented in Russia in 1992.
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stvoren 1992. u Rusiji.
04:30
Let me show you one which actually makes some sound.
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Pokazat ću vam jedan koji čak i proizvodi zvuk.
04:34
(Siren noise)
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(Zvuk sirene)
04:40
And the last example,
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I posljednji primjer,
04:42
guess what the Walker virus does?
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pogodite što radi virus Walker (šetač).
04:44
Yes, there's a guy walking across your screen
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Da, prikazuje čovjeka koji hoda po zaslonu
04:46
once you get infected.
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kad se zarazite ovim virusom.
04:48
So it used to be fairly easy to know
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Prije je bilo relativno jednostavno znati
04:51
that you're infected by a virus,
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da ste se zarazili virusom,
04:54
when the viruses were written by hobbyists
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jer su viruse pisali hobisti
04:56
and teenagers.
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i tinejdžeri.
04:58
Today, they are no longer being written
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Danas, viruse više ne pišu
05:00
by hobbyists and teenagers.
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hobisti i tinejdžeri.
05:02
Today, viruses are a global problem.
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Danas su virusi svjetski problem.
05:05
What we have here in the background
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Ovdje u pozadini možete vidjeti
05:07
is an example of our systems that we run in our labs,
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primjer sustava u našim laboratorijima
05:10
where we track virus infections worldwide.
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gdje pratimo virusne infekcije na svjetskoj razini.
05:12
So we can actually see in real time
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Tako možemo istog trenutka vidjeti
05:14
that we've just blocked viruses in Sweden and Taiwan
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da smo upravo blokirali neke viruse u Švedskoj i Tajvanu,
05:17
and Russia and elsewhere.
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Rusiji i na drugim mjestima.
05:19
In fact, if I just connect back to our lab systems
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Zapravo, ako se spojim s našim laboratorijskim sustavom
05:22
through the Web,
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preko interneta,
05:24
we can see in real time
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možemo steći predodžbu
05:26
just some kind of idea of how many viruses,
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koliko zapravo virusa
05:29
how many new examples of malware we find every single day.
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i koliko primjeraka malicioznih programa pronalazimo svakog dana.
05:32
Here's the latest virus we've found,
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Evo posljednjeg virusa koji smo našli,
05:34
in a file called Server.exe.
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u datoteci pod imenom Server.exe.
05:36
And we found it right over here three seconds ago --
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Našli smo ga, vidimo, prije tri sekunde --
05:39
the previous one, six seconds ago.
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a prethodnoga prije šest sekundi.
05:41
And if we just scroll around,
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Ako bacimo pogled uokolo,
05:44
it's just massive.
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vidi se koliki je to popis.
05:46
We find tens of thousands, even hundreds of thousands.
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Pronalazimo na desetke, čak i stotine tisuća virusa.
05:49
And that's the last 20 minutes of malware
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A to je samo prikaz zadnjih 20 minuta.
05:52
every single day.
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I tako dan za danom.
05:54
So where are all these coming from then?
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Odakle, onda, dolaze svi ti virusi?
05:57
Well today, it's the organized criminal gangs
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Danas organizirane kriminalne skupine
06:01
writing these viruses
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pišu ove viruse
06:03
because they make money with their viruses.
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zato što tako zarađuju novac.
06:05
It's gangs like --
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To su bande poput --
06:07
let's go to GangstaBucks.com.
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idemo na GangstaBucks.com.
06:10
This is a website operating in Moscow
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Ovo je web stranica koja se nalazi u Moskvi
06:13
where these guys are buying infected computers.
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i gdje ti ljudi kupuju zaražena računala.
06:17
So if you are a virus writer
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Pa ako ste pisac virusa
06:19
and you're capable of infecting Windows computers,
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i možete zaraziti računala koja imaju Windowse,
06:21
but you don't know what to do with them,
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ali ne znate što s njima učiniti,
06:23
you can sell those infected computers --
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možete prodati ta zaražena računala --
06:25
somebody else's computers -- to these guys.
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tuđa računala -- ovim ljudima.
06:27
And they'll actually pay you money for those computers.
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I oni će vam zaista platiti za ta računala.
06:31
So how do these guys then monetize
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Pa kako onda ti ljudi unovče
06:34
those infected computers?
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sva ta zaražena računala?
06:36
Well there's multiple different ways,
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Na nekoliko različitih načina,
06:38
such as banking trojans, which will steal money from your online banking accounts
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npr. bankovnim trojancima, koji kradu novac s vaših online bankovnih računa
06:41
when you do online banking,
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dok vi koristite internet bankarstvo,
06:44
or keyloggers.
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ili putem keyloggera.
06:47
Keyloggers silently sit on your computer, hidden from view,
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Keyloggeri sjede skriveni na vašem računalu
06:51
and they record everything you type.
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i snimaju sve što tipkate.
06:54
So you're sitting on your computer and you're doing Google searches.
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Dok vi sjedite za računalom i pretražujete putem Googlea.
06:57
Every single Google search you type
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Svaka pretraga koju unesete na Googleu
06:59
is saved and sent to the criminals.
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sačuvana je i šalje se kriminalcima.
07:02
Every single email you write is saved and sent to the criminals.
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Svaki e-mail koji napišete sačuvan je i šalje se kriminalcima.
07:05
Same thing with every single password and so on.
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Isto je i sa svim zaporkama i slično.
07:09
But the thing that they're actually looking for most
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Ali ono što prvenstveno traže
07:11
are sessions where you go online
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zbiva se kad odete online
07:13
and do online purchases in any online store.
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i kupujete online u internetskim trgovinama.
07:16
Because when you do purchases in online stores,
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Zato što, kad kupujete online,
07:18
you will be typing in your name, the delivery address,
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unosite svoje ime, adresu za dostavu,
07:21
your credit card number and the credit card security codes.
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broj kreditne kartice i sigurnosne kodove.
07:24
And here's an example of a file
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Ovo je primjerak datoteke
07:26
we found from a server a couple of weeks ago.
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koju smo našli na jednom serveru prije nekoliko tjedana.
07:28
That's the credit card number,
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Ovo je broj kreditne kartice,
07:30
that's the expiration date, that's the security code,
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datum isteka valjanosti, sigurnosni kod
07:32
and that's the name of the owner of the card.
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i ime vlasnika kartice.
07:34
Once you gain access to other people's credit card information,
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Jednom kad steknete pristup podacima s tuđih kreditnih kartica,
07:37
you can just go online and buy whatever you want
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možete lako otići online i kupovati što god želite
07:39
with this information.
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koristeći te informacije.
07:42
And that, obviously, is a problem.
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A to je, dakako, velik problem.
07:44
We now have a whole underground marketplace
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Danas postoji čitavo crno tržište
07:48
and business ecosystem
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i poslovno okruženje
07:51
built around online crime.
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sagrađeno oko online kriminala.
07:54
One example of how these guys
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Još jedan primjer kako ti ljudi
07:56
actually are capable of monetizing their operations:
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mogu unovčiti svoje kriminalne radnje:
07:59
we go and have a look at the pages of INTERPOL
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idemo na stranice Interpola
08:02
and search for wanted persons.
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i pogledat ćemo koje su tražene osobe.
08:04
We find guys like Bjorn Sundin, originally from Sweden,
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Tu je Bjorn Sundin, porijeklom iz Švedske,
08:07
and his partner in crime,
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i njegov kriminalni partner,
08:09
also listed on the INTERPOL wanted pages,
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također naveden na Interpolovoj stranici.
08:11
Mr. Shaileshkumar Jain,
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g. Shaileshkumar Jain,
08:13
a U.S. citizen.
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građanin SAD-a.
08:15
These guys were running an operation called I.M.U.,
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Ti su ljudi vodili kriminalnu operaciju zvanu I.M.U.,
08:18
a cybercrime operation through which they netted millions.
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cybercrime operaciju kroz koju su izvukli milijune.
08:21
They are both right now on the run.
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Obojica su trenutačno u bijegu.
08:24
Nobody knows where they are.
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Nitko ne zna gdje se nalaze.
08:26
U.S. officials, just a couple of weeks ago,
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Američke su vlasti prije nekoliko tjedana
08:28
froze a Swiss bank account
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zamrznule sredstva na švicarskom bankovnom računu
08:30
belonging to Mr. Jain,
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koji je pripadao g. Jainu,
08:32
and that bank account had 14.9 million U.S. dollars on it.
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i na kojem se nalazilo 14,9 milijuna američkih dolara.
08:36
So the amount of money online crime generates
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Vidimo da su novčani iznosi koje stvara online kriminal
08:39
is significant.
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zaista značajni.
08:41
And that means that the online criminals
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To znači da si online kriminalci
08:43
can actually afford to invest into their attacks.
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mogu priuštiti i ulaganje u svoje napade.
08:46
We know that online criminals
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Znamo da online kriminalci
08:48
are hiring programmers, hiring testing people,
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zapošljavaju programere, ljude za testiranje,
08:51
testing their code,
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ispituju kvalitetu svog koda,
08:53
having back-end systems with SQL databases.
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imaju infrastrukturu s bazama podataka SQL.
08:56
And they can afford to watch how we work --
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Oni si mogu priuštiti promatrati nas kako radimo --
08:59
like how security people work --
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kako radi sigurnosno osoblje --
09:01
and try to work their way around
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i onda zaobići
09:03
any security precautions we can build.
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sve sigurnosne mehanizme koje mi postavimo.
09:05
They also use the global nature of Internet
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Oni koriste globalnost interneta
09:08
to their advantage.
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u svoju korist.
09:10
I mean, the Internet is international.
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Internet jest međunarodan.
09:12
That's why we call it the Internet.
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Zato ga i zovemo internet.
09:14
And if you just go and take a look
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Pa ako samo pogledate
09:16
at what's happening in the online world,
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što se to događa u online svijetu,
09:19
here's a video built by Clarified Networks,
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ovaj video Clarified Networksa
09:21
which illustrates how one single malware family is able to move around the world.
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pokazuje kako se pojedina skupina malicioznog koda kreće svijetom.
09:25
This operation, believed to be originally from Estonia,
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Ova operacija, izvorno pokrenuta u Estoniji,
09:28
moves around from one country to another
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kreće se od države do države,
09:30
as soon as the website is tried to shut down.
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čim vlasti pokušaju ugasiti web stranicu.
09:32
So you just can't shut these guys down.
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Dakle, ove se ljude ne može tek tako zaustaviti.
09:35
They will switch from one country to another,
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Oni će promijeniti državu,
09:37
from one jurisdiction to another --
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prijeći iz jedne jurisdikcije u drugu --
09:39
moving around the world,
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kretati se svijetom,
09:41
using the fact that we don't have the capability
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koristeći činjenicu da mi nemamo mogućnosti
09:43
to globally police operations like this.
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raditi globalne policijske operacije poput ovih.
09:46
So the Internet is as if
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Dakle, uporabom interneta
09:48
someone would have given free plane tickets
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kao da je netko dao besplatne zrakoplovne karte
09:50
to all the online criminals of the world.
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svim online kriminalcima svijeta.
09:53
Now, criminals who weren't capable of reaching us before
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Sada smo u dosegu kriminalaca koji
09:56
can reach us.
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prije nisu mogli do nas.
09:58
So how do you actually go around finding online criminals?
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Pa kako onda pronalazimo online kriminalce?
10:01
How do you actually track them down?
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Kako im ulazimo u trag?
10:03
Let me give you an example.
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Pokazat ću vam na primjeru.
10:05
What we have here is one exploit file.
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Ovdje imamo jednu inficiranu datoteku.
10:08
Here, I'm looking at the Hex dump of an image file,
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Ovdje promatramo heksadecimalni sadržaj slikovne datoteke
10:12
which contains an exploit.
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koja sadrži tu infekciju.
10:14
And that basically means, if you're trying to view this image file on your Windows computer,
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A to zapravo znači da, ako pokušate otvoriti tu slikovnu datoteku na svojem računalu s Windowsima,
10:17
it actually takes over your computer and runs code.
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ona bi preuzela vaše računalo i pokrenula neki kod.
10:20
Now, if you'll take a look at this image file --
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Pogledajmo zato tu slikovnu datoteku --
10:23
well there's the image header,
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ovo je zaglavlje datoteke,
10:25
and there the actual code of the attack starts.
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a ovo je kod kojim napad zapravo počinje.
10:28
And that code has been encrypted,
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A taj je kod kriptiran
10:30
so let's decrypt it.
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pa ćemo ga dekriptirati.
10:32
It has been encrypted with XOR function 97.
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Enkriptiran je XOR funkcijom 97.
10:34
You just have to believe me,
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Morat ćete mi vjerovati na riječ,
10:36
it is, it is.
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zaista je tako.
10:38
And we can go here
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Možemo krenuti od ove točke
10:40
and actually start decrypting it.
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i početi se dekripcijom.
10:42
Well the yellow part of the code is now decrypted.
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Žuto označen dio koda sada je dekriptiran.
10:44
And I know, it doesn't really look much different from the original.
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I znam, ne izgleda toliko različito od izvornika.
10:47
But just keep staring at it.
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Ali samo ga promotrite.
10:49
You'll actually see that down here
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Vidjet ćete da tu dolje
10:51
you can see a Web address:
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možemo vidjeti web adresu:
10:53
unionseek.com/d/ioo.exe
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unionseek.com/d/ioo.exe.
10:59
And when you view this image on your computer
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Kad učitate ovu sliku na računalu,
11:01
it actually is going to download and run that program.
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taj će se program snimiti s interneta i pokrenuti.
11:03
And that's a backdoor which will take over your computer.
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A to je backdoor koji će preuzeti vaše računalo.
11:06
But even more interestingly,
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No, što je još zanimljivije,
11:08
if we continue decrypting,
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ako nastavimo dekripciju,
11:10
we'll find this mysterious string,
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naći ćemo ovaj tajanstveni niz znakova,
11:12
which says O600KO78RUS.
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gdje stoji O600KO78RUS.
11:17
That code is there underneath the encryption
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Taj je kod pod enkripcijom
11:19
as some sort of a signature.
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kao neka vrsta potpisa.
11:21
It's not used for anything.
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Nema neku posebnu svrhu.
11:23
And I was looking at that, trying to figure out what it means.
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Ja sam gledao u to, pokušavajući shvatiti značenje.
11:26
So obviously I Googled for it.
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Naravno, pretražio sam Google.
11:28
I got zero hits; wasn't there.
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Dobio sam 0 rezultata.
11:30
So I spoke with the guys at the lab.
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Pa sam popričao s momcima u našem laboratoriju.
11:32
And we have a couple of Russian guys in our labs,
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Imamo nekoliko Rusa u našim laboratorijima,
11:34
and one of them mentioned,
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i jedan od njih spomenuo je
11:36
well, it ends in RUS like Russia.
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kako taj niz završava na RUS, kao Rusija.
11:38
And 78 is the city code
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A 78 je pozivni broj
11:40
for the city of St. Petersburg.
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za Sankt Peterburg.
11:42
For example, you can find it from some phone numbers
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To je predbroj koji možete naći npr. u telefonskim brojevima
11:44
and car license plates and stuff like that.
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ili automobilskim tablicama i slično.
11:47
So I went looking for contacts in St. Petersburg,
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Stoga sam kontaktirao neke ljude u Sankt Peterburgu
11:50
and through a long road,
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i nakon duge potrage,
11:52
we eventually found this one particular website.
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na kraju smo pronašli određenu web stranicu.
11:56
Here's this Russian guy who's been operating online for a number of years
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Riječ je o Rusu koji već više godina radi online,
11:59
who runs his own website,
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ima svoju vlastitu web stranicu
12:01
and he runs a blog under the popular Live Journal.
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i blog na popularnom Live Journalu.
12:04
And on this blog, he blogs about his life,
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Na tom blogu piše o svom životu,
12:06
about his life in St. Petersburg --
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životu u Sankt Peterburgu --
12:08
he's in his early 20s --
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ima dvadesetak godina --
12:10
about his cat,
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o svom mačku,
12:12
about his girlfriend.
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o svojoj djevojci.
12:14
And he drives a very nice car.
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Vozi vrlo lijep automobil.
12:16
In fact, this guy drives
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Zapravo, ovaj mladić vozi
12:19
a Mercedes-Benz S600
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Mercedes-Benz S600
12:21
V12
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V12
12:23
with a six-liter engine
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sa 6-litarskim motorom
12:25
with more than 400 horsepower.
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i s preko 400 konjskih snaga.
12:27
Now that's a nice car for a 20-something year-old kid in St. Petersburg.
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To je odličan automobil za jednog 20-godišnjaka iz Sankt Peterburga.
12:31
How do I know about this car?
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Kako znam koji automobil vozi?
12:33
Because he blogged about the car.
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Pisao je o njemu na svom blogu.
12:35
He actually had a car accident.
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Imao je prometnu nesreću.
12:37
In downtown St. Petersburg,
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U središtu Sankt Peterburga,
12:39
he actually crashed his car into another car.
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sudario sa s drugim vozilom.
12:41
And he put blogged images about the car accident --
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Zatim je postavio fotografije nesreće na svoj blog --
12:43
that's his Mercedes --
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ovo je njegov Mercedes --
12:45
right here is the Lada Samara he crashed into.
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ovo je Lada Samara s kojom se sudario.
12:49
And you can actually see that the license plate of the Samara
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Ovdje možete vidjeti da tablica na Samari
12:52
ends in 78RUS.
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završava sa 78RUS.
12:54
And if you actually take a look at the scene picture,
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Ako pogledate prizor nesreće,
12:57
you can see that the plate of the Mercedes
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možete vidjeti da pločice njegovog Mercedesa
12:59
is O600KO78RUS.
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nose oznaku O600KO78RUS.
13:05
Now I'm not a lawyer,
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Ja nisam odvjetnik,
13:07
but if I would be,
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ali da jesam,
13:09
this is where I would say, "I rest my case."
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ovdje bih rekao: "Nemam ništa više za dodati".
13:12
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
13:14
So what happens when online criminals are caught?
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Što se događa kad online kriminalci budu uhvaćeni?
13:17
Well in most cases it never gets this far.
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U većini slučajeva nikad ne dođe do toga.
13:20
The vast majority of the online crime cases,
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U ogromnoj većini slučajeva online kriminala,
13:22
we don't even know which continent the attacks are coming from.
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mi čak ne znamo ni s kojeg kontinenta dolaze napadi.
13:25
And even if we are able to find online criminals,
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A kad i uspijemo otkriti online kriminalce,
13:28
quite often there is no outcome.
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često ne bude nikakvih rezultata.
13:30
The local police don't act, or if they do, there's not enough evidence,
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Lokalna policija ili ne čini ništa ili nema dovoljno dokaza,
13:33
or for some reason we can't take them down.
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ili ih zbog nekog drugog razloga ne mogu zatvoriti.
13:35
I wish it would be easier;
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Volio bih kad bi to bilo lakše,
13:37
unfortunately it isn't.
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ali, nažalost, nije.
13:39
But things are also changing
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No, stvari se mijenjaju
13:42
at a very rapid pace.
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vrlo brzim tempom.
13:45
You've all heard about things like Stuxnet.
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Svi ste vi čuli za Stuxnet.
13:48
So if you look at what Stuxnet did
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Ako pogledate što je to Stuxnet zapravo učinio,
13:51
is that it infected these.
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vidjet ćete da je zarazio ove strojeve.
13:53
That's a Siemens S7-400 PLC,
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Ovo je Siemens S7-400 PLC,
13:56
programmable logic [controller].
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programabilni logički kontroler.
13:58
And this is what runs our infrastructure.
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Ovakvi strojevi pokreću našu infrastrukturu.
14:01
This is what runs everything around us.
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Oni pokreću sve oko nas.
14:04
PLC's, these small boxes which have no display,
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PLC-i, te male kutije koje nemaju ni zaslon,
14:07
no keyboard,
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ni tipkovnicu,
14:09
which are programmed, are put in place, and they do their job.
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programirani su i postavljeni negdje gdje rade svoj posao.
14:11
For example, the elevators in this building
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Primjerice, dizalima u ovoj zgradi
14:13
most likely are controlled by one of these.
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najvjerojatnije upravljaju strojevi poput ovoga.
14:17
And when Stuxnet infects one of these,
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Kad Stuxnet zarazi jedan takav stroj,
14:20
that's a massive revolution
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to dovodi do značajne promjene
14:22
on the kinds of risks we have to worry about.
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u vrstama rizika zbog kojih moramo početi brinuti.
14:25
Because everything around us is being run by these.
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Zato što što svime oko nas upravljaju ovakvi strojevi.
14:28
I mean, we have critical infrastructure.
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Hoću reći, mi imamo kritičnu infrastrukturu.
14:30
You go to any factory, any power plant,
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U koju god tvornicu otišli, koju god elektranu,
14:33
any chemical plant, any food processing plant,
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koju god tvornicu kemikalija ili pogon za obradu hrane,
14:35
you look around --
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pogledajte uokolo --
14:37
everything is being run by computers.
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svime upravljaju računala.
14:39
Everything is being run by computers.
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Računala upravljaju svime.
14:41
Everything is reliant on these computers working.
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Sve ovisi o ispravnom funkcioniranju ovih računala.
14:44
We have become very reliant
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U velikoj se mjeri oslanjamo
14:47
on Internet,
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na internet,
14:49
on basic things like electricity, obviously,
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na osnovne stvari poput električne energije,
14:52
on computers working.
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na računala koja ispravno rade.
14:54
And this really is something
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A to je nešto
14:56
which creates completely new problems for us.
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što nam stvara potpuno nove probleme.
14:58
We must have some way
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Moramo imati neki način
15:00
of continuing to work
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na koji možemo nastaviti raditi
15:02
even if computers fail.
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čak i ako računala zakažu.
15:12
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
15:14
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
15:24
So preparedness means that we can do stuff
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Pripravnost znači da možemo nastaviti raditi
15:27
even when the things we take for granted
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čak i kad stvari koje uzimamo zdravo za gotovo
15:29
aren't there.
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više ne rade.
15:31
It's actually very basic stuff --
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Riječ je o zaista osnovim stvarima --
15:33
thinking about continuity, thinking about backups,
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potrebno je razmišljati o kontinuitetu, sigurnosnim kopijama,
15:36
thinking about the things that actually matter.
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o stvarima koje su doista bitne.
15:39
Now I told you --
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Rekao sam vam ranije --
15:42
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
15:44
I love the Internet. I do.
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da volim internet. Stvarno ga volim.
15:48
Think about all the services we have online.
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Pomislite na sve usluge koje obavljamo online.
15:51
Think about if they are taken away from you,
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Razmislite što će biti ako ostanete bez njih,
15:54
if one day you don't actually have them
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ako im jednog dana više ne budete imali pristup
15:56
for some reason or another.
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iz kojeg god razloga.
15:58
I see beauty in the future of the Internet,
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Ja nazirem ljepotu u budućnosti interneta,
16:01
but I'm worried
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ali sam i zabrinut
16:03
that we might not see that.
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da je nećemo doživjeti.
16:05
I'm worried that we are running into problems
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Brinem se da ćemo zbog online kriminala
16:07
because of online crime.
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završiti u problemima.
16:09
Online crime is the one thing
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Online kriminal jedna je od stvari
16:11
that might take these things away from us.
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koje bi nam mogle oduzeti sve ovo.
16:13
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
16:16
I've spent my life
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Proveo sam svoj život
16:18
defending the Net,
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u obrani Mreže
16:21
and I do feel that if we don't fight online crime,
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i vjerujem da, ako se ne suprotstavimo online kriminalu,
16:24
we are running a risk of losing it all.
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postoji rizik da izgubimo sve to.
16:28
We have to do this globally,
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Moramo to učiniti na globalnoj razini,
16:31
and we have to do it right now.
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i moramo to učiniti odmah.
16:34
What we need
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Ono što nama treba
16:36
is more global, international law enforcement work
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jest globalno, međunarodno policijsko djelovanje
16:39
to find online criminal gangs --
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za pronalazak online kriminalnih skupina --
16:41
these organized gangs
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organiziranih bandi
16:43
that are making millions out of their attacks.
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koje svojim napadima zarađuju milijune.
16:45
That's much more important
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To je mnogo važnije
16:47
than running anti-viruses or running firewalls.
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od antivirusa i vatrozida.
16:49
What actually matters
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Ono što je doista bitno
16:51
is actually finding the people behind these attacks,
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jest pronaći osobe koje stoje iza tih napada,
16:53
and even more importantly,
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i što je još važnije,
16:55
we have to find the people
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moramo naći osobe
16:57
who are about to become
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koje će tek postati
16:59
part of this online world of crime,
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dijelom svijeta online kriminala,
17:01
but haven't yet done it.
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ali još uvijek to nisu.
17:03
We have to find the people with the skills,
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Moramo pronaći te ljude koji imaju vještine,
17:06
but without the opportunities
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ali nemaju prilike
17:08
and give them the opportunities
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te im pružiti priliku
17:10
to use their skills for good.
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da iskoriste svoja znanja u korisne svrhe.
17:13
Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam najljepša.
17:15
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mikko Hypponen - Cybersecurity expertAs computer access expands, Mikko Hypponen asks: What's the next killer virus, and will the world be able to cope with it? And also: How can we protect digital privacy in the age of government surveillance?
Why you should listen
The chief research officer at F-Secure Corporation in Finland, Mikko Hypponen has led his team through some of the largest computer virus outbreaks in history. His team took down the world-wide network used by the Sobig.F worm. He was the first to warn the world about the Sasser outbreak, and he has done classified briefings on the operation of the Stuxnet worm -- a hugely complex worm designed to sabotage Iranian nuclear enrichment facilities.
As a few hundred million more Internet users join the web from India and China and elsewhere, and as governments and corporations become more sophisticated at using viruses as weapons, Hypponen asks, what's next? Who will be at the front defending the world’s networks from malicious software? He says: "It's more than unsettling to realize there are large companies out there developing backdoors, exploits and trojans."
Even more unsettling: revelations this year that the United States' NSA is conducting widespread digital surveillance of both US citizens and anyone whose data passes through a US entity, and that it has actively sabotaged encryption algorithms. Hypponen has become one of the most outspoken critics of the agency's programs and asks us all: Why are we so willing to hand over digital privacy?
Read his open-season Q&A on Reddit:"My TED Talk was just posted. Ask me anything.
See the full documentary on the search for the Brain virus.
Mikko Hypponen | Speaker | TED.com