TEDxSummit
Rives: Reinventing the encyclopedia game
Rives: Ponovno osmišljavanje enciklopedijske igre
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Potaknut činjenicom da Encyclopaedia Britannica prekida svoju tiskanu publikaciju, performans-pjesnik Rives uskrisuje igru iz svog djetinjstva. Govoreći na TEDxsSummit-u u Dohi, Rives nas vodi na šarmantno putovanje kroz nasumične (i ne toliko nasumične) komadiće ljudskog znanja: od Chimboraza, najudaljenije točke od središta Zemlje, do Hama Astročimpanze, prve čimpanze u svemiru.
Rives - Performance poet, multimedia artist
Performance artist and storyteller Rives has been called "the first 2.0 poet," using images, video and technology to bring his words to life. Full bio
Performance artist and storyteller Rives has been called "the first 2.0 poet," using images, video and technology to bring his words to life. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
So, last month, the Encyclopaedia Britannica announced
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Prošli mjesec, Encyclopaedia Britannica je najavila
00:19
that it is going out of print
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da prestaje s tiskanjem
00:21
after 244 years, which made me nostalgic,
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nakon 244 godine, što me učinilo nostalgičnim,
00:25
because I remember playing a game with the colossal encyclopedia set in my hometown library
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zato što se sjećam da sam igrao igru s divovskim enciklopedijskim kompletom u knjižnici svog grada
00:31
back when I was a kid,
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kada sam bio dijete,
00:32
maybe 12 years old.
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možda sam imao 12 godina.
00:33
And I wondered if I could update that game,
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I pitao sam se mogu li modernizirati igru,
00:36
not just for modern methods,
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ne samo zbog modernih metoda,
00:38
but for the modern me.
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već zbog modernog sebe.
00:40
So I tried.
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Pa sam pokušao.
00:41
I went to an online encyclopedia,
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Otišao sam na jednu enciklopediju na internetu,
00:42
Wikipedia, and I entered the term "Earth."
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Wikipediju, i unio pojam "Zemlja".
00:45
You can start anywhere, this time I chose Earth.
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Možete početi bilo gdje, ja sam ovaj put odabrao Zemlju.
00:47
And the first rule of the game is pretty simple.
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Prvo pravilo igre je jednostavno.
00:50
You just have to read the article
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Samo trebate čitati članak
00:51
until you find something you don't know,
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dok ne naiđete na nešto što ne znate,
00:54
and preferably something your dad doesn't even know.
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po mogućnosti nešto što čak ni vaš tata ne zna.
00:57
And in this case, I quickly found this:
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U ovom slučaju, brzo sam našao ovo:
01:00
The furthest point from the center of the Earth
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Točka najudaljenija od središta Zemlje
01:02
is not the tip of Mount Everest, like I might have thought,
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nije vrh Mount Everesta, kao što sam mislio,
01:05
it's the tip of this mountain: Mount Chimborazo in Ecuador.
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već vrh ove planine: Mount Chimborazo u Ekvadoru.
01:08
The Earth spins, of course, as it travels around the sun,
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Zemlja se okreće, naravno, kako putuje oko Sunca,
01:12
so the Earth bulges a little bit around the middle,
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tako je Zemlja malo izbočena oko sredine,
01:14
like some Earthlings.
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poput nekih Zemljana.
01:15
And even though Mount Chimborazo isn't the tallest mountain in the Andes,
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Iako Mount Chimborazo nije najviša planina u Andama,
01:20
it's one degree away from the equator,
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nalazi se jedan stupanj od ekvatora,
01:21
it's riding that bulge, and so the summit of Chimborazo
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sjedi na toj izbočini pa je tako vrh Chimboraza
01:24
is the farthest point on Earth from the center of the Earth.
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najudaljenija točka na Zemlji od njezinog središta.
01:28
And it is really fun to say.
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A i zabavno je izgovarati to.
01:31
So I immediately decided,
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Pa sam odmah odlučio
01:32
this is going to be the name of the game,
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da će to biti ime igre,
01:33
or my new exclamation.
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ili moj novi uzvik.
01:35
You can use it at TED.
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Možete ga korisiti na TED-u.
01:36
Chimborazo, right?
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Chimborazo, zar ne?
01:37
It's like "eureka" and "bingo" had a baby.
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To je kao da su "eureka" i "bingo" imali dijete.
01:39
I didn't know that;
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Nisam to znao;
01:41
that's pretty cool.
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to je stvarno cool.
01:42
Chimborazo!
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Chimborazo!
01:44
So the next rule of the game is also pretty simple.
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I sljedeće pravilo igre je zbilja jednostavno.
01:48
You just have to find another term and look that up.
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Samo morate naći još jedan pojam i istražiti ga.
01:50
Now in the old days, that meant getting out a volume
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Nekada je to značilo izvaditi volumen enciklopedije
01:53
and browsing through it alphabetically,
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i listati ga abecednim redom,
01:54
maybe getting sidetracked,
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možda skrenuti s puta,
01:55
that was fun.
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to je bilo zabavno.
01:56
Nowadays there are hundreds of links to choose from.
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Danas možete birati između stotina poveznica.
01:59
I can go literally anywhere in the world,
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Mogu otići doslovno bilo gdje na svijetu,
02:01
I think since I was already in Ecuador,
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a kako sam već bio u Ekvadoru,
02:02
I just decided to click on the word "tropical."
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odlučio sam kliknuti na riječ "Tropski".
02:05
That took me to this wet and warm band of the tropics
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To me odvelo na ovaj vlažan i topao pojas tropa
02:10
that encircles the Earth.
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koji je obujmio Zemlju.
02:11
Now that's the Tropic of Cancer in the north
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Ovo je Rakova obratnica na sjeveru
02:14
and the Tropic of Capricorn in the south,
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i Jarčeva obratnica na jugu,
02:15
that much I knew,
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toliko sam znao,
02:16
but I was surprised to learn this little fact:
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ali iznenadio sam se ovom činjenicom:
02:18
Those are not cartographers' lines,
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To nisu kartografske linije,
02:21
like latitude or the borders between nations,
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poput paralela ili granica između zemalja,
02:24
they are astronomical phenomena caused by the Earth's tilt,
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to je astronomski fenomen koji nastaje zbog promjene kuta
02:27
and they change.
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Zemljine osi i obratnice se mijenjaju.
02:29
They move; they go up, they go down.
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Pomiču se; idu gore, idu dolje.
02:31
In fact, for years, the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
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U biti, godinama su se Rakova i Jarčeva obratnica
02:34
have been steadily drifting towards the equator
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neprestano kretale prema ekvatoru
02:37
at the rate of about 15 meters per year,
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brzinom od 15 metara na godinu,
02:40
and nobody told me that.
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a nitko mi to nije rekao.
02:41
I didn't know it.
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Nisam to znao.
02:42
Chimborazo!
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Chimborazo!
02:43
So to keep the game going, I just have to find another term and look that one up.
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Da bi se igra nastavila, samo moram naći novi pojam i istražiti ga.
02:49
Since I'm already in the tropics, I chose "Tropical rainforest."
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Kad sam već u tropima, biram "Tropsku kišnu šumu".
02:53
Famous for its diversity, human diversity.
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Poznata je po svojoj raznolikosti, raznolikosti ljudi.
02:55
There are still dozens and dozens of uncontacted tribes living on this planet.
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Još uvijek postoje deseci i deseci plemena koja žive na ovom planetu, s kojima nismo došli u doticaj.
03:00
They're all over the globe, but virtually all of them live in tropical rainforests.
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Posvuda su po planetu, ali doslovno sva žive u tropskim kišnim šumama.
03:05
This is the only place you can go nowadays and not get "friended."
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To je jedino mjesto na koje danas možete otići, a da vam netko od njih ne pošalje zahtjev za prijateljstvo.
03:10
The link that I clicked on here was exotic in the beginning and then absolutely mysterious at the very end.
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Poveznica na koju sam kliknuo u početku je bila egzotična, a na kraju posve zagonetna.
03:19
It mentioned leopards and ring-tailed coatis and poison dart frogs and boa constrictors and then
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Spominjali su se leopardi i prstenorepi lemuri i Dendrobatoidea žabe i kraljevske boe i
03:25
coleoptera,
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red Coleoptera,
03:27
which turn out to be beetles.
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za koje ispada da su kornjaši.
03:31
Now I clicked on this on purpose,
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Namjerno sam tu kliknuo,
03:33
but if I'd somehow gotten here by mistake,
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ali kada bih nekom greškom došao ovdje,
03:34
it does remind me, for the band, see "The Beatles,"
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to me podsjeća na, za bend, pogledajte "The Beatles",
03:37
for the car see "Volkswagon Beetle,"
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za auto pogledajte "Volkswagen Beetle" (Buba),
03:38
but I am here for beetle beetles.
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ali ja sam ovdje zbog kukaca kornjaša.
03:41
This is the most successful order on the planet by far.
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To je bez premca najuspješniji red na planetu.
03:45
Something between 20 and 25 percent of all life forms on the planet,
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Negdje između 20 i 25% svog života na planetu,
03:49
including plants, are beetles.
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uključujući biljke, su kukci.
03:51
That means the next time you are in the grocery store,
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To znači da sljedeći put kada budete u dućanu,
03:53
take a look at the four people ahead of you in line.
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bacite pogled na četvero ljudi u redu ispred vas.
03:55
Statistically, one of you is a beetle.
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Prema statistici, jedan od vas je kukac.
03:58
And if it is you, you are astonishingly well adapted.
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A ako ste to vi, nevjerojatno dobro ste se prilagodili.
04:04
There are scavenger beetles that pick the skin and flesh off of bones in museums.
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Postoje kornjaši strvinari koji skidaju kožu i meso s kostiju u muzejima.
04:09
There are predator beetles, that attack other insects
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Postoje kornjaši predatori koji napadaju druge kukce,
04:12
and still look pretty cute to us.
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a i dalje nam izgledaju slatko.
04:14
There are beetles that roll little balls of dung
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Postoje kornjaši koji koturaju kuglice izmeta
04:17
great distances across the desert floor to feed to their hatchlings.
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na velike udaljenosti preko pustinjskog tla da bi nahranili svoje potomke.
04:21
This reminded the ancient Egyptians of their god Khepri,
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To je stare Egipćane podsjećalo na njihovog boga Kheprija,
04:24
who renews the ball of the sun every morning,
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koji obnavlja sunčevu kuglu svakog jutra
04:28
which is how that dung-rolling scarab
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te je tako kotrljan koji kotrlja izmet
04:30
became that sacred scarab on the breastplate of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun.
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postao sveti kotrljan na grudobranu faraona Tutankamona.
04:35
Beetles, I was reminded, have the most romantic flirtation in the animal kingdom.
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Kornjaši, prisjetio sam se, imaju najromantičnije udvaranje u životinjskom svijetu.
04:41
Fireflies are not flies, fireflies are beetles.
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Krijesnice nisu muhe, krijesnice su kornjaši.
04:44
Fireflies are coleoptera, and coleoptera communicate in other ways as well.
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Krijesnice spadaju u red Coleoptera, a Coleoptere komuniciraju i na druge načine, naravno.
04:49
Like my next link:
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Poput moje sljedeće poveznice:
04:50
The chemical language of pheromones.
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Kemijski jezik feromona.
04:53
Now the pheromone page took me to a video of a sea urchin having sex.
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Stranica o feromonima me odvela do snimke seksa morskih ježinaca.
04:59
Yeah.
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O, da.
05:03
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:06
And the link to aphrodisiac.
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I do poveznice s afrodizijacima.
05:08
Now that's something that increases sexual desire,
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To je nešto što povećava libido,
05:10
possibly chocolate.
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vjerojatno i čokolada.
05:12
There is a compound in chocolate called phenethylamine
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U čokoladi se nalazi spoj feniletilamin
05:15
that might be an aphrodisiac.
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koji bi mogao biti afrodizijak.
05:17
But as the article mentions,
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Ali kao što članak kaže,
05:19
because of enzyme breakdown,
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zbog raspada enzima,
05:20
it's unlikely that phenethylamine will reach your brain if taken orally.
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malo je vjerojatno da će feniletilamin doći do vašeg mozga ako ga uzmete oralno.
05:24
So those of you who only eat your chocolate, you might have to experiment.
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Dakle, oni od vas koji samo jedu čokoladu možda će morati eksperimentirati.
05:28
The link I clicked on here,
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Ovdje sam kliknuo na poveznicu
05:31
"sympathetic magic," mostly because I understand what both of those words mean.
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"Simpatička magija", većinom zato što razumijem što obje riječi znače.
05:37
But not when they're together like that.
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Ali ne kada su spojene zajedno.
05:39
I do like sympathy. I do like magic.
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Volim simaptiju. Volim magiju.
05:42
So when I click on "sympathetic magic,"
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Kada kliknem na "Simpatičku magiju",
05:43
I get sympathetic magic and voodoo dolls.
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dobijem simpatičku magiju i vudu lutke.
05:48
This is the boy in me getting lucky again.
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To se dječaku u meni opet posrećilo.
05:50
Sympathetic magic is imitation.
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Simpatička magija je imitacija.
05:52
If you imitate something, maybe you can have an effect on it.
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Ako oponašate nešto, možda možete utjecati na to.
05:55
That's the idea behind voodoo dolls, and possibly also cave paintings.
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To je ideja iza vudu lutaka, a moguće i iza špiljskih crteža.
05:59
The link to cave paintings takes me to some of the oldest art known to humankind.
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Poveznica špiljskih crteža vodi me do nekih od najstarijih umjetničkih djela poznatih čovječanstvu.
06:04
I would love to see Google maps inside some of these caves.
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Volio bih vidjeti Google Karte unutar nekih od ovih špilja.
06:06
We've got tens-of-thousands-years-old artwork.
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Imamo na desetke tisuća godina stara umjetnička djela.
06:10
Common themes around the globe include large wild animals and tracings of human hands,
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Uobičajena tematika diljem svijeta uključuje velike divlje životinje i ocrtavanje oblika ljudskih ruku,
06:15
usually the left hand.
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obično lijeve ruke.
06:17
We have been a dominantly right-handed tribe for millenia,
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Bili smo pretežno pleme dešnjaka tisućama godina,
06:22
so even though I don't know why a paleolithic person would trace his hand
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pa iako ne znam zašto bi čovjek iz paleolitika ocrtavao oblik
06:27
or blow pigment on it from a tube,
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svoje ruke ili puhao boju na nju iz cijevi,
06:29
I can easily picture how he did it.
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vrlo lako mogu zamisliti kako je to učinio.
06:32
And I really don't think it's that different form our own little dominant hand avatar
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I mislim da se zbilja ne razlikuje toliko od naše male dominantne ruke (strelice)
06:36
right there that I'm going to use now to click on the term for "hand,"
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ovdje koju ću koristiti da bih kliknuo na pojam "Ruka",
06:39
go to the page for "hand," where I found the most fun and possibly embarrassing bit of trivia
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otići na stranicu za "ruku" gdje sam našao najzabavniju i moguće najsramotniju trivijalnost
06:46
I've found in a long time. It's simply this:
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koju sam našao u dugo vremena. A to je ovo:
06:48
The back of the hand is formally called the opisthenar.
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Zadnja strana šake formalno se zove dorzalna strana.
06:52
Now that's embarrassing, because up until now,
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To je sramotno, jer do sada,
06:56
every time I've said, "I know it like the back of my hand,"
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svaki put kada sam rekao: "Poznajem te kao dlan svoje ruke",
06:59
I've really been saying, "I'm totally familiar with that,
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ustvari sam govorio: "Skroz sam upoznat s time,
07:01
I just don't know it's freaking name, right?"
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samo što ne znam prokleti naziv".
07:04
And the link I clicked on here,
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Poveznica na koju sam ovdje kliknuo,
07:07
well, lemurs, monkeys and chimpanzees have the little opisthenar.
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dakle, lemuri, majmuni i čimpanze imaju male dorzalne strane šake.
07:12
I click on chimpanzee, and I get our closest genetic relative.
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Kliknuo sam na čimpanzu i dobio našeg najbližeg genetskog rođaka.
07:16
Pan troglodytes, the name we give him, means "cave dweller."
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Pan troglodytes, ime kojim je zovemo, znači "stanar špilje".
07:20
He doesn't.
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Ali nije stanar špilje.
07:21
He lives in rainforests and savannas.
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Živi u kišnim šumama i savanama.
07:23
It's just that we're always thinking of this guy as lagging behind us,
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Mi uvijek razmišljamo o tom malcu kao da zaostaje za nama,
07:26
evolutionarily or somehow uncannily creeping up on us,
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da nam se evolucijski i nekako jezivo prikrada,
07:29
and in some cases, he gets places before us.
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a u nekim slučajevima, dospijeva na neka mjesta prije nas.
07:33
Like my next link, the almost irresistible link, Ham the Astrochimp.
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Kao u mojoj sljedećoj poveznici, gotovo neodoljivoj poveznici, Ham Astročimpanza.
07:38
I click on him, and I really thought he was going to bring me full circle twice, in fact.
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Kliknuo sam na njega i zbilja sam mislio da ću tako, u biti, napraviti puni krug dva puta.
07:42
He's born in Cameroon,
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Rođen je u Kamerunu,
07:44
which is smack in the middle of my tropics map,
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što je točno u središtu moje karte tropa,
07:47
and more specifically his skeleton wound up in the Smithsonian museum getting picked clean by beetles.
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točnije, njegov kostur je završio u Smithsonian muzeju i ondje ga čiste kornjaši.
07:54
In between those two landmarks in Ham's life,
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Između te dvije zemljopisne oznake u Hamovom životu,
07:57
he flew into space.
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letio je u svemir.
07:59
He experienced weightlessness and re-entry
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Iskusio je bestežinsko stanje i povratak u atmosferu
08:02
months before the first human being to do it,
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mjesecima prije prvog čovjeka,
08:05
Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin.
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sovjetskog kozmonauta Yurija Gagarina.
08:08
When I click on Yuri Gagarin's page,
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Kada kliknem na stranicu Yurija Gagarina,
08:10
I get this guy who was surprisingly short in stature,
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dobijem ovog tipa koji je bio začuđujuće nizak,
08:13
huge in heroism.
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a velik heroj.
08:14
Top estimates, Soviet estimates, put this guy at 1.65 meters,
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Prema najboljim sovjetskim procjenama, bio je visok 1.65 m,
08:19
that is less than five and a half feet tall max,
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što je manje od pet i pol stopa najviše,
08:22
possibly because he was malnourished as a child.
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možda zato što je bio pothranjen kao dijete.
08:25
Germans occupied Russia.
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Njemci su okupirali Rusiju.
08:27
A Nazi officer took over the Gagarin household,
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Nacistički časnik zaposjeo je Gagarinovu kuću
08:30
and he and his family built and lived in a mud hut.
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pa su on i njegova obitelj živjeli u kućici od blata.
08:33
Years later, the boy from that cramped mud hut
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Godinama kasnije, dječak iz te skučene blatne kućice
08:37
would grow up to be the man in that cramped capsule
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odrastao je u čovjeka u onoj skučenoj kapsuli
08:40
on the tip of a rocket
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na vrhu rakete
08:42
who volunteered to be launched into outer space,
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koji je volontirao za lansiranje u svemir,
08:45
the first one of any of us to really physically leave this planet.
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prvi je od svih nas koji je fizički napustio ovaj planet.
08:50
And he didn't just leave it,
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I nije ga samo napustio,
08:51
he circled it once.
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jedanput ga je obletio.
08:53
Fifty years later, as a tribute,
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50 godina kasnije, kao odavanje počasti,
08:56
the International Space Station, which is still up there tonight,
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Međunarodna svemirska postaja, koja je večeras još uvijek gore,
09:00
synced its orbit with Gagarin's orbit,
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uskladila je svoju orbitu s Gagarinovom,
09:04
at the exact same time of day,
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u isto doba dana,
09:05
and filmed it,
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i snimila to.
09:06
so you can go online and you can watch over 100 minutes
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Tako možete otići na internet i gledati preko 100 minuta
09:10
of what must have been an absolutely mesmerizing ride,
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jednog zasigurno očaravajućeg leta,
09:13
possibly a lonely one,
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vjerojatno samotnog,
09:15
the first person to ever see such a thing.
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bio je prva osoba koja je vidjela tako nešto.
09:17
And then when you've had your fill of that,
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A kada vam je dosta toga,
09:18
you can click on one more link.
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možete kliknuti na još jednu poveznicu.
09:21
You can come back to Earth.
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Možete se vratiti na Zemlju.
09:22
You return to where you started.
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Vraćate se odakle ste počeli.
09:24
You can finish your game.
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Možete završiti svoju igru.
09:27
You just need to find one more fact that you didn't know.
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Morate naći samo još jednu činjenicu koju niste znali.
09:30
And for me, I quickly landed on this one:
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A ja, ja sam brzo našao ovo:
09:33
The Earth has a tolerance of about .17 percent from the reference spheroid,
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Zemlja odstupa 0.17% od sferoida,
09:38
which is less than the .22 percent allowed in billiard balls.
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što je manje od dozvoljenih 0.22% kod biljarskih kugli.
09:42
This is the kind of fact I would have loved as a boy.
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To je činjenica koja bi mi se dopala kao dječaku.
09:44
I found it myself.
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Sam sam je našao.
09:45
It's got some math that I can do.
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Ima nešto matematike koju sam mogu izračunati.
09:48
I'm pretty sure my dad doesn't know it.
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Prilično sam siguran da moj tata ne zna ovo.
09:50
What this means is that if you could shrink the Earth to the size of a billiard ball,
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To znači da kada biste mogli smanjiti Zemlju na veličinu biljarske kugle,
09:55
if you could take planet Earth, with all its mountain tops and caves
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kada biste mogli uzeti Zemlju, sa svim njenim planinskim vrhovima i špiljama
10:01
and rainforests, astronauts and uncontacted tribes and chimpanzees, voodoo dolls,
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i kišnim šumama, astronautima i nepoznatim plemenima i čimpanzama, vudu lutkama,
10:06
fireflies, chocolate, sea creatures making love in the deep blue sea,
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krijesnicama, čokoladom, morskim bićima koja vode ljubav u dubokom plavom moru,
10:11
you just shrink that to the size of a billiard ball,
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samo je smanjite na veličinu biljarske kugle,
10:15
it would be as smooth as a billiard ball,
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bila bi glatka poput biljarske kugle,
10:19
presumably a billiard ball with a slight bulge around the middle.
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pretpostavljam, poput biljarske kugle s malom izbočinom oko sredine.
10:23
That's pretty cool.
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To je zbilja cool.
10:26
I didn't know that.
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Nisam to znao.
10:28
Chimborazo!
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Chimborazo!
10:30
Thank you.
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Hvala.
10:31
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rives - Performance poet, multimedia artistPerformance artist and storyteller Rives has been called "the first 2.0 poet," using images, video and technology to bring his words to life.
Why you should listen
Part poet, part storyteller, part philosopher, Rives is the co-host of TEDActive as well as a frequent TED speaker. On stage, his poems burst in many directions, exposing multiple layers and unexpected treats: childhood memories, grown-up humor, notions of love and lust, of what is lost forever and of what's still out there waiting to unfold. Chimborazo.
A regular on HBO's Def Poetry Jam, Rives also starred alongside model Bar Refaeli in the 2008 Bravo special Ironic Iconic America, touring the United States on a "roller coaster ride through the eye-popping panorama of American pop culture." Flat pages can't contain his storytelling, even when paper is his medium. The pop-up books he creates for children unfold with surprise: The Christmas Pop-Up Present expands to reveal moving parts, hidden areas and miniature booklets inside.
His latest project—the Museum of Four in the Morning—is an ode to a time that may well be part of a global conspiracy. In a good way.
Rives | Speaker | TED.com