TEDSummit
Don Tapscott: How the blockchain is changing money and business
Don Tapscott: Kako ulančani blokovi mjenjaju novac i poslovanje
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Što je ulančani blok? Ako ne znate, trebali biste; ako znate, sva je prilika kako i dalje trebate neka pojašnjenja o tome kako zapravo radi. Don Tapscott je ovdje kako bi pomogao, demistificirajući ovu tehnologiju koja može promijeniti svijet i povratiti vjeru te koja, kaže, predstavlja ništa manje nego drugu generaciju interneta te ima mogućnost transformirati novac, poslovanje, upravu i društvo.
Don Tapscott - Digital strategist
Don Tapscott, Executive Chairman of the Blockchain Research Institute, is one of the world’s leading authorities on the impact of technology in business and society. He has authored 16 books, including "Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything," which has been translated into over 25 languages Full bio
Don Tapscott, Executive Chairman of the Blockchain Research Institute, is one of the world’s leading authorities on the impact of technology in business and society. He has authored 16 books, including "Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything," which has been translated into over 25 languages Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
The technology likely to have
the greatest impact
the greatest impact
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Tehnologija za koju je vjerojatno
kako će imati najveći utjecaj
kako će imati najveći utjecaj
00:16
on the next few decades
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na slijedećih nekoliko desetljeća
00:18
has arrived.
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je stigla.
00:19
And it's not social media.
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I to nije društveni medij.
00:22
It's not big data.
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Nije big data.
00:23
It's not robotics.
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Nije robotika.
00:25
It's not even AI.
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Čak nije niti umjetna inteligencija.
00:27
You'll be surprised to learn
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Začudit će vas naučiti
00:29
that it's the underlying technology
of digital currencies like Bitcoin.
of digital currencies like Bitcoin.
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kako je to tehnologija na kojoj leže
digitalne valute poput Bitcoina.
digitalne valute poput Bitcoina.
00:34
It's called the blockchain. Blockchain.
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Zove se blockchain. Blockchain.
00:38
Now, it's not the most sonorous
word in the world,
word in the world,
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Sad, to nije najzvučnija riječ na svijetu
(ulančani blokovi, nap. prev.),
(ulančani blokovi, nap. prev.),
00:42
but I believe that this is now
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ali vjerujem kako je ovo sada
00:44
the next generation of the internet,
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slijedeća generacija Interneta,
00:47
and that it holds vast promise
for every business, every society
for every business, every society
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te kako daje veliko obećanje
svakom poslovanju, svakom društvu
svakom poslovanju, svakom društvu
00:51
and for all of you, individually.
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te za sve vas, pojedinačno.
00:54
You know, for the past few decades,
we've had the internet of information.
we've had the internet of information.
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Znate, kroz prošlih nekoliko desetljeća,
imali smo Internet informacije.
imali smo Internet informacije.
00:59
And when I send you an email
or a PowerPoint file or something,
or a PowerPoint file or something,
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Te kad bih vam poslao e-mail
ili PowerPoint datoteku ili nešto,
ili PowerPoint datoteku ili nešto,
01:03
I'm actually not sending you the original,
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zapravo vam ne šaljem original,
01:05
I'm sending you a copy.
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šaljem vam kopiju.
01:07
And that's great.
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I to je odlično.
01:08
This is democratized information.
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To je demokratizirana informacija.
01:12
But when it comes to assets --
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Ali kad dođe do imovine --
01:15
things like money,
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stvari poput novca,
01:17
financial assets like stocks and bonds,
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financijske imovine poput dionica
i obveznica,
i obveznica,
01:20
loyalty points, intellectual property,
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bodova vjernosti,
intelektualnog vlasništva,
intelektualnog vlasništva,
01:23
music, art, a vote,
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muzike, umjetnosti, glasa,
01:26
carbon credit and other assets --
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karbonskog kredita i druge imovine --
01:29
sending you a copy is a really bad idea.
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slanje kopije je zbilja loša ideja.
01:32
If I send you 100 dollars,
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Ako vam pošaljem 100 dolara,
01:34
it's really important
that I don't still have the money --
that I don't still have the money --
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zbilja je važno
da ja i dalje nemam taj novac --
da ja i dalje nemam taj novac --
01:37
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:38
and that I can't send it to you.
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te da vam ga ne mogu poslati.
01:40
This has been called
the "double-spend" problem
the "double-spend" problem
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To je nazvano problemom
"duple potrošnje"
"duple potrošnje"
01:42
by cryptographers for a long time.
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kroz dugo vrijeme od strane kriptografa.
01:45
So today, we rely entirely
on big intermediaries --
on big intermediaries --
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Pa danas, posve smo
oslonjeni na velike posrednike --
oslonjeni na velike posrednike --
01:50
middlemen like banks, government,
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preprodavače poput banaka, vlada,
01:53
big social media companies,
credit card companies and so on --
credit card companies and so on --
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velikih kompanija iza društvenih mreža,
kreditno-kartičnih kompanija --
kreditno-kartičnih kompanija --
01:56
to establish trust in our economy.
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kako bismo uspostavili
povjerenje prema našoj ekonomiji.
povjerenje prema našoj ekonomiji.
01:59
And these intermediaries perform
all the business and transaction logic
all the business and transaction logic
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A ti posrednici izvode
svu poslovnu i transakcijsku logiku
svu poslovnu i transakcijsku logiku
02:04
of every kind of commerce,
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svake vrste trgovine,
02:06
from authentication,
identification of people,
identification of people,
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od autentikacije, identifikacije ljudi,
02:09
through to clearing, settling
and record keeping.
and record keeping.
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kroz obračun, knjiženje
i svođenje računa.
i svođenje računa.
02:13
And overall, they do a pretty good job.
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I sve u svemu,
rade prilično dobar posao.
rade prilično dobar posao.
02:15
But there are growing problems.
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Ali postoje rastući problemi.
02:17
To begin, they're centralized.
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za početak, centralizirani su.
02:19
That means they can be hacked,
and increasingly are --
and increasingly are --
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To znači kako mogu biti hakirani,
i sve češće i jesu --
i sve češće i jesu --
02:22
JP Morgan, the US Federal Government,
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JP Morgan,
Federalna vlada Sjedinjenih država,
Federalna vlada Sjedinjenih država,
02:25
LinkedIn, Home Depot and others
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LinkedIn, Home Depot i drugi
02:26
found that out the hard way.
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otkrili su to na teži način.
02:28
They exclude billions of people
from the global economy,
from the global economy,
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Isključuju milijarde ljudi
iz globalne ekonomije,
iz globalne ekonomije,
02:32
for example, people
who don't have enough money
who don't have enough money
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na primjer, ljude
koji nemaju dovoljno novca
koji nemaju dovoljno novca
02:34
to have a bank account.
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kako bi imali bankovni račun.
02:36
They slow things down.
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Usporavaju stvari.
02:38
It can take a second for an email
to go around the world,
to go around the world,
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Može potrajati sekundu
kako bi e-mail obišao svijet,
kako bi e-mail obišao svijet,
02:42
but it can take days or weeks
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ali može trajati danima ili tjednima
02:44
for money to move through
the banking system across a city.
the banking system across a city.
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kako bi se novac pomakao kroz
bankovni sustav preko grada.
bankovni sustav preko grada.
02:48
And they take a big piece of the action --
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I uzimaju veliku proviziju --
02:50
10 to 20 percent just to send money
to another country.
to another country.
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10 do 20 posto samo
za poslati novac u drugu državu.
za poslati novac u drugu državu.
02:54
They capture our data,
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Plijene naše podatke,
02:55
and that means we can't monetize it
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a to znači kako
je mi ne možemo monetizirati
je mi ne možemo monetizirati
02:57
or use it to better manage our lives.
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ili ju koristiti kako bi
si bolje upravljali životima.
si bolje upravljali životima.
03:00
Our privacy is being undermined.
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Naša je privatnost potkopana.
03:03
And the biggest problem is that overall,
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A najveći je problem kako su uglavnom
03:06
they've appropriated the largesse
of the digital age asymmetrically:
of the digital age asymmetrically:
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prisvojili blagodati
digitalnog doba asimetrično:
digitalnog doba asimetrično:
03:11
we have wealth creation,
but we have growing social inequality.
but we have growing social inequality.
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imamo stvaranje bogatstva,
ali imamo i rastuću društvenu nejednakost.
ali imamo i rastuću društvenu nejednakost.
03:17
So what if there were not only
an internet of information,
an internet of information,
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No što ako ne bi bilo
samo Interneta informacije,
samo Interneta informacije,
03:21
what if there were an internet of value --
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što ako bi bilo Interneta vrijednosti --
03:24
some kind of vast, global,
distributed ledger
distributed ledger
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neke vrste velike, globalne,
raspodijeljene knjige računa
raspodijeljene knjige računa
03:28
running on millions of computers
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koja se vrti na milijunima računala
03:30
and available to everybody.
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i koja je dostupna svima.
03:32
And where every kind of asset,
from money to music,
from money to music,
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I na kojoj svaka vrsta imovine,
od novca do muzike,
od novca do muzike,
03:36
could be stored, moved, transacted,
exchanged and managed,
exchanged and managed,
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može biti pohranjena, pomicana,
predana, razmjenjena i baratana,
predana, razmjenjena i baratana,
03:42
all without powerful intermediaries?
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sve bez moćnih posrednika?
03:45
What if there were
a native medium for value?
a native medium for value?
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Što kad bi bilo
prirodnog medija za vrijednost?
prirodnog medija za vrijednost?
03:50
Well, in 2008, the financial
industry crashed
industry crashed
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Pa, 2008. se
financijska industrija slomila
financijska industrija slomila
03:54
and, perhaps propitiously,
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te je, možda milosrdno,
03:57
an anonymous person or persons
named Satoshi Nakamoto
named Satoshi Nakamoto
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anonimna osoba ili osobe
imenom Satoshi Nikamoto
imenom Satoshi Nikamoto
04:03
created a paper where he developed
a protocol for a digital cash
a protocol for a digital cash
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napisala članak gdje je razvila
protokol za digitalnu gotovinu
protokol za digitalnu gotovinu
04:10
that used an underlying
cryptocurrency called Bitcoin.
cryptocurrency called Bitcoin.
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koja je bila položena preko
kriptovalute nazvane Bitcoin.
kriptovalute nazvane Bitcoin.
04:14
And this cryptocurrency enabled people
to establish trust and do transactions
to establish trust and do transactions
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A ta je kriptovaluta omogućavala ljudima
da uspostave povjerenje i rade transakcije
da uspostave povjerenje i rade transakcije
04:20
without a third party.
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bez treće strane.
04:21
And this seemingly simple act
set off a spark
set off a spark
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A taj prividno jednostavan čin
je stvorio iskru
je stvorio iskru
04:25
that ignited the world,
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koja je zapalila svijet,
04:27
that has everyone excited
or terrified or otherwise interested
or terrified or otherwise interested
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koja je svakoga uzbudila,
prestravila ili drugačije zainterestirala
prestravila ili drugačije zainterestirala
04:33
in many places.
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na brojnim mjestima.
04:34
Now, don't be confused about Bitcoin --
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Sad, nemojte se zbuniti oko Bitcoina --
04:36
Bitcoin is an asset; it goes up and down,
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Bitcoin je imovina; ide gore ili dolje,
04:39
and that should be of interest
to you if you're a speculator.
to you if you're a speculator.
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i to bi vas trebalo zanimati
ako ste špekulator.
ako ste špekulator.
04:43
More broadly, it's a cryptocurrency.
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Šire, to je kriptovaluta.
04:45
It's not a fiat currency
controlled by a nation-state.
controlled by a nation-state.
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To nije dekretni novac
kontroliran od nacionalne države.
kontroliran od nacionalne države.
04:49
And that's of greater interest.
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I to je od velikog zanimanja.
04:51
But the real pony here
is the underlying technology.
is the underlying technology.
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ali pravi je poni ovdje
je tehnologija na kojoj leži.
je tehnologija na kojoj leži.
04:54
It's called blockchain.
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Zove se blockchain.
04:57
So for the first time now
in human history,
in human history,
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Dakle po prvi put u povijesti,
05:01
people everywhere can trust each other
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ljudi posvuda mogu vjerovati jedan drugome
05:03
and transact peer to peer.
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i izravno se razmjenjivati.
05:07
And trust is established,
not by some big institution,
not by some big institution,
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A povjerenje je uspostavljeno
ne kroz neku veliku ustanovu,
ne kroz neku veliku ustanovu,
05:11
but by collaboration, by cryptography
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već kroz suradnju, kroz kriptografiju
05:14
and by some clever code.
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i kroz nešto pametnog koda.
05:16
And because trust is native
to the technology,
to the technology,
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I kako je povjerenje
urođeno tehnologiji,
urođeno tehnologiji,
05:20
I call this, "The Trust Protocol."
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zovem ovo "protokol povjerenja."
05:22
Now, you're probably wondering:
How does this thing work?
How does this thing work?
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Sad, vjerojatno se pitate:
"Kako ova stvar radi?"
"Kako ova stvar radi?"
05:25
Fair enough.
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Pošteno.
05:28
Assets -- digital assets like money
to music and everything in between --
to music and everything in between --
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Imovina -- digitalna imovina poput novca
do muzike u sve između --
do muzike u sve između --
05:33
are not stored in a central place,
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nije pohranjeno u središnjem mjestu,
05:35
but they're distributed
across a global ledger,
across a global ledger,
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već je rasprostranjena
širom globalne knjige računa,
širom globalne knjige računa,
05:37
using the highest level of cryptography.
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koristeći najvišu razinu kriptografije.
05:40
And when a transaction is conducted,
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A kad je transakcija izvršena,
05:43
it's posted globally,
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uknjižena je globalno,
05:45
across millions and millions of computers.
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kroz milijune i milijune računala.
05:49
And out there, around the world,
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I tamo negdje, širom svijeta,
05:51
is a group of people called "miners."
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postoji grupa ljudi imenom "rudari".
05:53
These are not young people,
they're Bitcoin miners.
they're Bitcoin miners.
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To nisu maloljetnici,
to su rudari Bitcoina.
to su rudari Bitcoina.
05:57
They have massive computing power
at their fingertips --
at their fingertips --
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Imaju ogromnu računalnu snagu
pod svojom komandom --
pod svojom komandom --
06:00
10 to 100 times bigger
than all of Google worldwide.
than all of Google worldwide.
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10 do 100 puta veću
nego uopće sve što ima Google.
nego uopće sve što ima Google.
06:05
These miners do a lot of work.
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Ti rudari rade puno posla.
06:08
And every 10 minutes,
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A svakih 10 minuta,
06:09
kind of like the heartbeat of a network,
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poput mrežnog otkucaja srca,
06:11
a block gets created
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stvara se blok
06:14
that has all the transactions
from the previous 10 minutes.
from the previous 10 minutes.
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koji sadrži sve transakcije
iz prethodnih 10 minuta.
iz prethodnih 10 minuta.
06:17
Then the miners get to work,
trying to solve some tough problems.
trying to solve some tough problems.
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Tada se rudari primaju posla,
pokušavajući riješiti neke teške probleme.
pokušavajući riješiti neke teške probleme.
06:22
And they compete:
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I natječu se:
06:24
the first miner to find out the truth
and to validate the block,
and to validate the block,
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prvi rudar koji pronađe istinu
i kako ovjeriti blok,
i kako ovjeriti blok,
06:28
is rewarded in digital currency,
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nagrađen je digitalnom valutom,
06:30
in the case of the Bitcoin
blockchain, with Bitcoin.
blockchain, with Bitcoin.
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u slučaju Bitcoinovog
blockchaina, Bitcoinom.
blockchaina, Bitcoinom.
06:34
And then -- this is the key part --
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A tada -- ovo je ključni dio --
06:36
that block is linked to the previous block
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taj se blok povezuje sa prethodnim blokom
06:38
and the previous block
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i prethodnim blokom
06:40
to create a chain of blocks.
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kako bi stvorio lanac blokova.
06:43
And every one is time-stamped,
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A svaki ima vremenski žig,
06:44
kind of like with a digital waxed seal.
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nešto poput digitalnog voštanog pečata.
06:47
So if I wanted to go and hack a block
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Pa ako bih želio hakirati blok
06:49
and, say, pay you and you
with the same money,
with the same money,
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te, recimo, platiti vama i vama
istim novcem,
istim novcem,
06:54
I'd have to hack that block,
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morao bih hakirati taj blok,
06:55
plus all the preceding blocks,
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plus sve prethodne blokove,
06:57
the entire history of commerce
on that blockchain,
on that blockchain,
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čitavu povijest trgovine
tih ulančanih blokova,
tih ulančanih blokova,
07:00
not just on one computer
but across millions of computers,
but across millions of computers,
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ne samo na jednom računalu
već širom milijuna računala,
već širom milijuna računala,
07:04
simultaneously,
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istovremeno,
07:06
all using the highest
levels of encryption,
levels of encryption,
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koja sva koriste najviše
razine enkripcije,
razine enkripcije,
07:09
in the light of the most powerful
computing resource in the world
computing resource in the world
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u svjetlu najmoćnijih
računalnih resursa na svijetu
računalnih resursa na svijetu
07:12
that's watching me.
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koji me gledaju.
07:13
Tough to do.
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Teško.
07:15
This is infinitely more secure
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Ovo je beskonačno sigurnije
07:17
than the computer systems
that we have today.
that we have today.
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od računalnih sustava
koje imamo danas.
koje imamo danas.
07:20
Blockchain. That's how it works.
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Blockchain.
Eto tako radi.
Eto tako radi.
07:23
So the Bitcoin blockchain is just one.
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Nego, Bitcoinovi ulančani blokovi
su tek jedan primjer.
su tek jedan primjer.
07:25
There are many.
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Ima ih puno.
07:26
The Ethereum blockchain was developed
by a Canadian named Vitalik Buterin.
by a Canadian named Vitalik Buterin.
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Ethereum blockchain je razvijen
od kanađanina imenom Vitalik Buterin.
od kanađanina imenom Vitalik Buterin.
07:31
He's [22] years old,
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On je star 22 godine,
07:33
and this blockchain
has some extraordinary capabilities.
has some extraordinary capabilities.
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a ovi ulančani blokovi
imaju neke izvanredne sposobnosti.
imaju neke izvanredne sposobnosti.
07:38
One of them is that you can
build smart contracts.
build smart contracts.
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Jedna je od njih kako možete
stvarati pametne ugovore.
stvarati pametne ugovore.
07:41
It's kind of what it sounds like.
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To je nešto nalik onome kako zvuči.
07:43
It's a contract that self-executes,
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To je ugovor koji se sam izvršava,
07:45
and the contract handles the enforcement,
the management, performance
the management, performance
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te ugovor upravlja provođenjem,
upravljanjem, izvedbom
upravljanjem, izvedbom
07:50
and payment -- the contract kind of has
a bank account, too, in a sense --
a bank account, too, in a sense --
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i isplatom -- ugovor na neki način
ima i bankovni račun, recimo --
ima i bankovni račun, recimo --
07:55
of agreements between people.
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sporazuma među ljudima.
07:57
And today, on the Ethereum blockchain,
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A danas, na Ethereum blockchainu,
08:00
there are projects underway
to do everything
to do everything
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u tijeku su projekti
koji bi činili sve
koji bi činili sve
08:02
from create a new replacement
for the stock market
for the stock market
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od stvaranja nove zamjene
za burze dionica
za burze dionica
08:05
to create a new model of democracy,
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do stvaranja novog modela demokracije,
08:07
where politicians
are accountable to citizens.
are accountable to citizens.
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gdje su političari
odgovorni građanima.
odgovorni građanima.
08:10
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
08:14
So to understand what a radical change
this is going to bring,
this is going to bring,
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Kako bismo shvatili koliku će
radikalnu promjenu ovo donijeti,
radikalnu promjenu ovo donijeti,
08:18
let's look at one industry,
financial services.
financial services.
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pogledajmo jednu industriju,
financijske usluge.
financijske usluge.
08:21
Recognize this?
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Prepoznajete ovo?
08:23
Rube Goldberg machine.
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Naprava Rube Goldberga.
08:25
It's a ridiculously complicated machine
that does something really simple,
that does something really simple,
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To je smiješno složena naprava
koja čini nešto skroz jednostavno,
koja čini nešto skroz jednostavno,
08:28
like crack an egg or shut a door.
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poput razbijanja jaja
ili zatvaranja vrata.
ili zatvaranja vrata.
08:31
Well, it kind of reminds me
of the financial services industry,
of the financial services industry,
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Pa, na neki me način podsjeća
na industriju financijskih usluga,
na industriju financijskih usluga,
08:35
honestly.
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iskreno.
08:36
I mean, you tap your card
in the corner store,
in the corner store,
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Mislim, provučete karticu
u dućanu na uglu,
u dućanu na uglu,
08:39
and a bitstream goes through
a dozen companies,
a dozen companies,
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te tok nula i jedinica
prolazi kroz tucet kompanija,
prolazi kroz tucet kompanija,
08:42
each with their own computer system,
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svaka sa svojim vlastitim
računalnim sustavom,
računalnim sustavom,
08:45
some of them being 1970s mainframes
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od kojih su neki
mainframe računala iz sedamdesetih
mainframe računala iz sedamdesetih
08:47
older than many
of the people in this room,
of the people in this room,
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starija od puno ljudi u ovoj sobi,
08:50
and three days later, a settlement occurs.
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i tri dana kasnije, dolazi do namirenja.
08:53
Well, with a blockchain
financial industry,
financial industry,
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Pa, sa financijskom industrijom
temeljenom na blockchainu,
temeljenom na blockchainu,
08:57
there would be no settlement,
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ne bi bilo namirenja,
08:58
because the payment and the settlement
is the same activity,
is the same activity,
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jer su plaćanje i namirenje
ista aktivnost,
ista aktivnost,
09:01
it's just a change in the ledger.
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samo promjena u knjizi računa.
09:04
So Wall Street and all around the world,
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Pa je na Wall Streetu
i svugdje širom svijeta,
i svugdje širom svijeta,
09:06
the financial industry
is in a big upheaval about this,
is in a big upheaval about this,
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financijska industrija u
velikom preokretu oko ovog,
velikom preokretu oko ovog,
09:09
wondering, can we be replaced,
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2151
pitajući se, mogu li nas zamjeniti,
09:11
or how do we embrace
this technology for success?
this technology for success?
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ili, kako uspješno
prigrliti ovu tehnologiju?
prigrliti ovu tehnologiju?
09:15
Now, why should you care?
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Sad, zašto biste trebali mariti?
09:18
Well, let me describe some applications.
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Dobro, dajte da opišem neke primjene.
09:21
Prosperity.
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Blagostanje.
09:23
The first era of the internet,
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2008
Prva era Interneta,
09:25
the internet of information,
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Internet informacije,
09:26
brought us wealth
but not shared prosperity,
but not shared prosperity,
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donio nam je bogatstvo
ali ne i rašireno blagostanje,
ali ne i rašireno blagostanje,
09:30
because social inequality is growing.
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radi porasta društvene nejednakosti.
09:32
And this is at the heart
of all of the anger and extremism
of all of the anger and extremism
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A to je u srcu
sve srdžbe i ekstremizma
sve srdžbe i ekstremizma
09:36
and protectionism and xenophobia and worse
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i protekcionizma i ksenofobije i gorega
09:40
that we're seeing growing
in the world today,
in the world today,
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koje vidimo u porastu u današnjem svijetu,
09:43
Brexit being the most recent case.
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od kojih je Brexit najnoviji slučaj.
09:46
So could we develop some new approaches
to this problem of inequality?
to this problem of inequality?
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5743
Pa bismo li mogli razviti
nove pristupe tom problemu nejednakosti?
nove pristupe tom problemu nejednakosti?
09:52
Because the only approach today
is to redistribute wealth,
is to redistribute wealth,
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Jer jedini pristup danas
je preraspodijeliti bogatstvo,
je preraspodijeliti bogatstvo,
09:56
tax people and spread it around more.
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oporezovati ljude te
dodatno raspršiti bogatstvo.
dodatno raspršiti bogatstvo.
09:58
Could we pre-distribute wealth?
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Bismo li mogli unaprijed
raspodijeliti bogatstvo?
raspodijeliti bogatstvo?
10:01
Could we change the way that wealth
gets created in the first place
gets created in the first place
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Bismo li mogli promijeniti način
kako se bogatstvo uopće stvara
kako se bogatstvo uopće stvara
10:04
by democratizing wealth creation,
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demokratizirajući stvaranje bogatstva,
10:07
engaging more people in the economy,
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uključujući više ljudi u ekonomiju,
10:09
and then ensuring that they got
fair compensation?
fair compensation?
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te potom osiguravajući da dobiju
poštenu nadoknadu?
poštenu nadoknadu?
10:13
Let me describe five ways
that this can be done.
that this can be done.
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Dajte da opišem pet načina
kroz koje se to može učiniti.
kroz koje se to može učiniti.
10:16
Number one:
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Broj jedan:
10:18
Did you know that 70 percent
of the people in the world who have land
of the people in the world who have land
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Jeste li znali kako 70 posto
ljudi na svijetu koji imaju zemlju
ljudi na svijetu koji imaju zemlju
10:23
have a tenuous title to it?
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imaju tanko pravo vlasništva?
10:25
So, you've got a little farm in Honduras,
some dictator comes to power,
some dictator comes to power,
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3392
Dakle, imate malu farmu u Hondurasu,
neki diktator dođe na vlast,
neki diktator dođe na vlast,
10:29
he says, "I know you've got a piece
of paper that says you own your farm,
of paper that says you own your farm,
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3592
kaže: "znam da imate komad papira na kojem
stoji kako posjedujete svoju farmu,
stoji kako posjedujete svoju farmu,
10:32
but the government computer
says my friend owns your farm."
says my friend owns your farm."
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ali vladino računalo kaže
kako moj prijatelj posjeduje vašu farmu."
kako moj prijatelj posjeduje vašu farmu."
10:36
This happened on a mass scale in Honduras,
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To se dogodilo
na velikoj skali u Hondurasu,
na velikoj skali u Hondurasu,
10:39
and this problem exists everywhere.
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i taj problem postoji posvuda.
10:42
Hernando de Soto, the great
Latin American economist,
Latin American economist,
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2775
Hernando de Soto, veliki
latinoamerički ekonomist,
latinoamerički ekonomist,
10:45
says this is the number one
issue in the world
issue in the world
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2144
kaže kako je to svjetski
problem broj jedan
problem broj jedan
10:47
in terms of economic mobility,
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glede ekonomske pokretljivosti,
10:48
more important than having a bank account,
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2141
važniji od imanja bakovnog računa,
10:50
because if you don't have
a valid title to your land,
a valid title to your land,
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2633
jer ako nemate valjano
pravo vlasništva nad svojom zemljom,
pravo vlasništva nad svojom zemljom,
10:53
you can't borrow against it,
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1556
ne možete ju davati u jamstvo,
10:55
and you can't plan for the future.
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643201
2022
i ne možete planirati za budućnost.
10:57
So today, companies
are working with governments
are working with governments
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3340
Pa danas, kompanije
surađuju sa vladama
surađuju sa vladama
11:01
to put land titles on a blockchain.
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649333
2443
kako bi stavile
imovinska prava na blockchain.
imovinska prava na blockchain.
11:03
And once it's there, this is immutable.
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2300
A jednom kad je unutra,
nepromjenjivo je.
nepromjenjivo je.
11:06
You can't hack it.
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1246
Ne možete ga hakirati.
11:08
This creates the conditions for prosperity
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3155
To stvara uvjete za blagostanje
11:11
for potentially billions of people.
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659492
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moguće milijardama ljudi.
11:14
Secondly:
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Drugo:
11:16
a lot of writers talk about Uber
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2234
puno se piše kako sue Uber
11:18
and Airbnb and TaskRabbit
and Lyft and so on
and Lyft and so on
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3335
i Airbnb i TaskRabbit i Lyft i tako dalje
11:21
as part of the sharing economy.
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2296
dijelovi dijeljene ekonomije.
11:24
This is a very powerful idea,
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1664
Ovo je jako moćna ideja,
11:25
that peers can come together
and create and share wealth.
and create and share wealth.
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3179
kako se suradnici mogu okupiti
te stvoriti i razdijeliti bogatstvo.
te stvoriti i razdijeliti bogatstvo.
11:29
My view is that ...
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Moj je pogled kako
11:31
these companies are not really sharing.
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3995
ta poduzeća zapravo i ne dijele.
11:35
In fact, they're successful
precisely because they don't share.
precisely because they don't share.
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4107
Pravo govoreći, one su uspješne
upravo stoga što ne dijele.
upravo stoga što ne dijele.
11:39
They aggregate services together,
and they sell them.
and they sell them.
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687879
3172
Oni okupljaju usluge,
i oni ih prodaju.
i oni ih prodaju.
11:43
What if, rather than Airbnb
being a $25 billion corporation,
being a $25 billion corporation,
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4932
Što ako, umjesto da je Airbnb
korporacija od 25 miljardi dolara,
korporacija od 25 miljardi dolara,
11:48
there was a distributed application
on a blockchain, we'll call it B-Airbnb,
on a blockchain, we'll call it B-Airbnb,
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5506
postoji raširena aplikacija
na blokchainu, nazovimo je B-Airbnb,
na blokchainu, nazovimo je B-Airbnb,
11:54
and it was essentially owned
by all of the people
by all of the people
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4034
a koja je u osnovi u posjedu
svih tih ljudi
svih tih ljudi
11:58
who have a room to rent.
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1732
koji imaju sobu za iznajmiti.
12:00
And when someone wants to rent a room,
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2571
A kad netko želi unajmiti sobu,
12:03
they go onto the blockchain
database and all the criteria,
database and all the criteria,
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ide na blockchainovu
bazu podataka i sve kriterije,
bazu podataka i sve kriterije,
12:07
they sift through, it helps
them find the right room,
them find the right room,
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2507
prođe kroz ponudu,
pomogne mu naći pravu sobu,
pomogne mu naći pravu sobu,
12:09
and then the blockchain helps
with the contracting,
with the contracting,
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a potom blockchain
pomaže oko ugovaranja,
pomaže oko ugovaranja,
12:12
it identifies the party,
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1872
identificira strane,
12:14
it handles the payments
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upravlja plaćanjem
12:15
just through digital payments --
they're built into the system.
they're built into the system.
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samo kroz digitalna plaćanja --
ugrađena su u sustav.
ugrađena su u sustav.
12:19
And it even handles reputation,
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1531
I čak upravlja reputacijom,
12:20
because if she rates a room
as a five-star room,
as a five-star room,
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4192
jer ako ona označi sobu
kao sobu od pet zvjezdica,
kao sobu od pet zvjezdica,
12:24
that room is there,
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1216
ta je soba tamo,
12:26
and it's rated, and it's immutable.
249
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2227
i ocijenjena je, i to je nepromijenjivo.
12:29
So, the big sharing-economy
disruptors in Silicon Valley
disruptors in Silicon Valley
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737043
4744
Tako, velika ometala
dijeljene ekonomije iz silikonske doline
dijeljene ekonomije iz silikonske doline
12:34
could be disrupted,
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1157
mogu biti ometena,
12:36
and this would be good for prosperity.
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2241
a to bi bilo dobro za blagostanje.
12:38
Number three:
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1157
Broj tri:
12:40
the biggest flow of funds
from the developed world
from the developed world
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748403
2571
Najveći tok sredstava
iz razvijenog svijeta
iz razvijenog svijeta
12:42
to the developing world
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750998
1286
u svijet u razvoju
12:44
is not corporate investment,
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752308
2262
nije korporativno ulaganje,
12:46
and it's not even foreign aid.
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2281
a nije čak niti međunarodna pomoć.
12:49
It's remittances.
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2000
To su doznake.
12:52
This is the global diaspora;
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760329
1935
Ovo je globalna dijaspora;
12:54
people have left their ancestral lands,
260
762288
2357
ljudi su napustili svoje djedovine,
12:56
and they're sending money back
to their families at home.
to their families at home.
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764669
3889
te šalju novac nazad
svojim obiteljima kod kuće.
svojim obiteljima kod kuće.
13:00
This is 600 billion dollars a year,
and it's growing,
and it's growing,
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3123
To je 600 milijardi dolara godišnje,
i raste,
i raste,
13:03
and these people are getting ripped off.
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2040
a ti ljudi bivaju oderani.
13:06
AnnaLee Domingo is a housekeeper.
264
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2614
Analie Domingo je domaćica.
13:09
She lives in Toronto,
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777864
1905
Ona živi u Torontu,
13:11
and every month she goes
to the Western Union office
to the Western Union office
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779793
4764
i svaki mjesec ide
u Western Unionovu poslovnicu
u Western Unionovu poslovnicu
13:16
with some cash
267
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1539
s nešto gotovine
13:18
to send her remittances
to her mom in Manila.
to her mom in Manila.
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786144
2960
kako bi poslala doznaku
svojoj mami u Manili.
svojoj mami u Manili.
13:21
It costs her around 10 percent;
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789835
1893
To ju košta oko 10 posto;
13:23
the money takes four to seven
days to get there;
days to get there;
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791752
2240
novcu treba četiri do sedam dana
da tamo stigne;
da tamo stigne;
13:26
her mom never knows
when it's going to arrive.
when it's going to arrive.
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794016
2164
njena mama
nikad ne zna kada će stići.
nikad ne zna kada će stići.
13:28
It takes five hours
out of her week to do this.
out of her week to do this.
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796204
2534
Uzima joj pet sati
njenog tjedna kako bi ovo izvela.
njenog tjedna kako bi ovo izvela.
13:31
Six months ago,
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1152
Prije 6 mjeseci,
13:32
AnnaLee Domingo used
a blockchain application called Abra.
a blockchain application called Abra.
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4580
Analie Domingo je upotrijebila
blockchain aplikaciju imenom Abra.
blockchain aplikaciju imenom Abra.
13:37
And from her mobile device,
she sent 300 bucks.
she sent 300 bucks.
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805771
2613
I sa svog mobilnog uređaja,
poslala je 300 dolara.
poslala je 300 dolara.
13:40
It went directly
to her mom's mobile device
to her mom's mobile device
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2480
Otišli su direktno
na mobilni uređaj njene mame
na mobilni uređaj njene mame
13:42
without going through an intermediary.
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810912
1884
bez prolaska kroz posrednika.
13:45
And then her mom
looked at her mobile device --
looked at her mobile device --
278
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2392
A tad je njena mama
pogledala na svoj mobilni uređaj --
pogledala na svoj mobilni uređaj --
13:47
it's kind of like an Uber interface,
there's Abra "tellers" moving around.
there's Abra "tellers" moving around.
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815762
3789
donekle je sličan sučelju Ubera,
Abra "blagajnici" se kreću uokolo.
Abra "blagajnici" se kreću uokolo.
13:51
She clicks on a teller
that's a five-star teller,
that's a five-star teller,
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2738
Klikne na blagajnika
koji ima pet zvijezdica,
koji ima pet zvijezdica,
13:54
who's seven minutes away.
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822337
1385
koji je sedam minuta od nje.
13:56
The guy shows up at the door,
gives her Filipino pesos,
gives her Filipino pesos,
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3080
Čovjek dolazi na vrata,
daje joj Filipinske pesose,
daje joj Filipinske pesose,
13:59
she puts them in her wallet.
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ona ih stavlja u novčanik.
14:01
The whole thing took minutes,
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Cijela stvar traje u minutama,
14:03
and it cost her two percent.
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a košta ju dva posto.
14:06
This is a big opportunity for prosperity.
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To je velika prilika za blagostanje.
14:09
Number four: the most powerful asset
of the digital age is data.
of the digital age is data.
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Broj četiri: najmoćnija imovina
digitalnog doba su podaci.
digitalnog doba su podaci.
14:14
And data is really a new asset class,
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A podaci su zapravo nova klasa imovine,
14:17
maybe bigger than previous asset classes,
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možda veća nego prijašnje klase imovine,
14:20
like land under the agrarian economy,
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poput zemlje pod agrarnom ekonomijom,
14:23
or an industrial plant,
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ili tvornice,
14:24
or even money.
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852931
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ili čak novca.
14:26
And all of you -- we -- create this data.
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A svi vi -- mi -- stvaramo te podatke.
14:29
We create this asset,
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Mi stvaramo tu imovinu,
14:31
and we leave this trail
of digital crumbs behind us
of digital crumbs behind us
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i ostavljamo taj trag
digitalnih mrvica iza nas
digitalnih mrvica iza nas
14:34
as we go throughout life.
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kako se krećemo kroz život.
14:35
And these crumbs are collected
into a mirror image of you,
into a mirror image of you,
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Te mrvice bivaju skupljene
u vašu zrcalnu sliku,
u vašu zrcalnu sliku,
14:38
the virtual you.
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virtualne vas.
14:40
And the virtual you may know
more about you than you do,
more about you than you do,
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A virtualni vi može znati
više o vama nego vi sami,
više o vama nego vi sami,
14:43
because you can't remember
what you bought a year ago,
what you bought a year ago,
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jer vi se ne možete sjetiti
što ste kupili prije godinu dana,
što ste kupili prije godinu dana,
14:45
or said a year ago,
or your exact location a year ago.
or your exact location a year ago.
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ili rekli prije godinu dana,
ili vaše točne lokacije prije godinu dana.
ili vaše točne lokacije prije godinu dana.
14:48
And the virtual you is not owned by you --
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A virtualni vi nije u vašem vlasništvu --
14:51
that's the big problem.
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879295
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to je veliki problem.
14:53
So today, there are companies working
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Pa danas, postoje kompanije koje rade
14:56
to create an identity in a black box,
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na izradi identiteta u crnoj kutiji,
14:59
the virtual you owned by you.
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887682
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virtualnih vas u vašem vlasništvu.
15:01
And this black box moves around with you
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Ta se crna kutija kreće uokolo sa vama
15:05
as you travel throughout the world,
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893182
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kako putujete kroz svijet,
15:07
and it's very, very stingy.
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2070
i vrlo je, vrlo škrta.
15:09
It only gives away
the shred of information
the shred of information
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Daje samo
trunku informacije
trunku informacije
15:12
that's required to do something.
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900369
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koliko je potrebno
za obaviti štogod.
za obaviti štogod.
15:13
A lot of transactions,
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Puno transakcija,
15:15
the seller doesn't even need
to know who you are.
to know who you are.
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prodavatelj čak i
ne mora znati tko ste vi.
ne mora znati tko ste vi.
15:17
They just need to know that they got paid.
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905750
2468
Samo moraju znati kako su isplaćeni.
15:20
And then this avatar
is sweeping up all of this data
is sweeping up all of this data
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3949
A potom ovaj avatar
briše sve te podatke
briše sve te podatke
15:24
and enabling you to monetize it.
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912714
2744
i omogućuje vam da ih unovčite.
15:28
And this is a wonderful thing,
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1788
A to je divna stvar,
15:29
because it can also help us
protect our privacy,
protect our privacy,
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3191
jer nam može pomoći
zaštititi našu privatnost,
zaštititi našu privatnost,
15:33
and privacy is the foundation
of a free society.
of a free society.
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3812
a privatnost je temelj
slobodnog društva.
slobodnog društva.
15:36
Let's get this asset that we create
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924924
1966
Uzmimo ovu imovinu koju stvaramo
15:38
back under our control,
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926914
1777
nazad pod našu kontrolu,
15:40
where we can own our own identity
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928715
2008
gdje možemo posjedovati naš vlastiti identitet
15:42
and manage it responsibly.
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930747
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i odgovorno njime upravljati.
15:45
Finally --
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933817
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Konačno --
15:46
(Applause)
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934998
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(Pljesak)
15:52
Finally, number five:
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940335
1496
Konačno, broj pet:
15:53
there are a whole number
of creators of content
of creators of content
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postoji čitav broj stvaratelja sadržaja
15:57
who don't receive fair compensation,
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945141
2207
koji ne primaju pravičnu naknadu,
15:59
because the system
for intellectual property is broken.
for intellectual property is broken.
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947372
3092
jer je sustav
intelektualnog vlasništva slomljen.
intelektualnog vlasništva slomljen.
16:02
It was broken by the first era
of the internet.
of the internet.
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950488
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Slomio se prvom erom Interneta.
16:05
Take music.
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953624
1467
Uzmite muziku.
16:07
Musicians are left with crumbs
at the end of the whole food chain.
at the end of the whole food chain.
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955734
3130
Glazbenici su ostavljeni s mrvicama
na samom kraju hranidbenog lanca.
na samom kraju hranidbenog lanca.
16:10
You know, if you were a songwriter,
25 years ago, you wrote a hit song,
25 years ago, you wrote a hit song,
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958888
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Znate, kad biste bili kantautor,
prije 25 godina, i napisali hit pjesmu,
prije 25 godina, i napisali hit pjesmu,
16:15
it got a million singles,
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963752
2262
ona dobije milijun singlica,
16:18
you could get royalties
of around 45,000 dollars.
of around 45,000 dollars.
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3521
mogli biste dobiti honorar
oko 45.000 dolara.
oko 45.000 dolara.
16:21
Today, you're a songwriter,
you write a hit song,
you write a hit song,
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969583
2316
Danas, vi ste kantautor,
napišete hit pjesmu,
napišete hit pjesmu,
16:23
it gets a million streams,
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dobije milijun pogodaka,
16:25
you don't get 45k,
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973400
1770
ne dobijete 45k,
16:27
you get 36 dollars,
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2587
dobijete 36 dolara,
16:29
enough to buy a nice pizza.
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977805
1947
dovoljno za bolju večeru.
16:32
So Imogen Heap,
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980721
1378
Pa Imogen Heap,
16:34
the Grammy-winning singer-songwriter,
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982123
2384
Grammyjem nagrađena pjevačica i kantautor,
16:36
is now putting music
on a blockchain ecosystem.
on a blockchain ecosystem.
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sad stavlja muziku
na blockchainov ekosustav.
na blockchainov ekosustav.
16:40
She calls it "Mycelia."
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1849
Ona to naziva "Mycelia."
16:42
And the music has
a smart contract surrounding it.
a smart contract surrounding it.
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4106
A muzika ima
oko sebe pametni ugovor.
oko sebe pametni ugovor.
16:46
And the music protects
her intellectual property rights.
her intellectual property rights.
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994529
3523
I muzika štiti
njena prava intelektualnog vlasništva.
njena prava intelektualnog vlasništva.
16:50
You want to listen to the song?
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998076
1513
Želite čuti pjesmu?
16:51
It's free, or maybe a few micro-cents
that flow into a digital account.
that flow into a digital account.
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999613
3357
Besplatna je, ili možda nekoliko mikro-centi
koji lete u digitalni račun.
koji lete u digitalni račun.
16:54
You want to put the song
in your movie, that's different,
in your movie, that's different,
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1002994
2698
Želite staviti pjesmu
u svoj film, to je drugačije,
u svoj film, to je drugačije,
16:57
and the IP rights are all specified.
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1005716
1759
a sva su prava int. vlasništva navedena.
16:59
You want to make a ringtone?
That's different.
That's different.
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1007499
2263
Želite napraviti zvuk zvona?
To je drugačije.
To je drugačije.
17:02
She describes that the song
becomes a business.
becomes a business.
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1010230
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Opisuje kako pjesma
postaje posao.
postaje posao.
17:05
It's out there on this platform
marketing itself,
marketing itself,
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1013463
2809
Ona putem ove platforme
reklamira samu sebe,
reklamira samu sebe,
17:08
protecting the rights of the author,
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1016296
1967
štiti prava autora,
17:10
and because the song has a payment system
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1018287
2155
a stoga što pjesma ima sustav naplate
17:12
in the sense of bank account,
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1020466
1462
u smislu bankovnog računa,
17:13
all the money flows back to the artist,
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1021952
2348
sav novac teče nazad umjetniku,
17:16
and they control the industry,
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1024324
2235
i oni kontroliraju industriju,
17:18
rather than these powerful intermediaries.
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1026583
2412
prije nego ovi moćni posrednici.
17:21
Now, this is --
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1029757
1151
Sad, ovo je --
17:22
(Applause)
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1030932
4192
(Pljesak)
17:27
This is not just songwriters,
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1035604
1697
Ovo je ne samo za kantautore,
17:29
it's any creator of content,
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1037325
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to je za sve stvaratelje sadržaja,
17:30
like art,
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1038848
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poput umjetnosti,
17:32
like inventions,
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1040339
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poput izuma,
17:34
scientific discoveries, journalists.
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1042831
2961
znanstvenih otkrića, novinara.
17:37
There are all kinds of people
who don't get fair compensation,
who don't get fair compensation,
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1045816
3013
Ima svakakvih ljudi
koji ne dobijaju poštenu nadoknadu,
koji ne dobijaju poštenu nadoknadu,
17:40
and with blockchains,
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a sa blockchainima,
17:42
they're going to be able
to make it rain on the blockchain.
to make it rain on the blockchain.
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1050347
3762
biti će u mogućnosti
stvarati kišu na blockchainu.
stvarati kišu na blockchainu.
17:46
And that's a wonderful thing.
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1054133
1658
A to je čudesna stvar.
17:48
So, these are five opportunities
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1056775
4593
eto, to je pet prilika
17:53
out of a dozen
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1061392
1274
od tuceta
17:54
to solve one problem, prosperity,
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1062690
2301
kako riješiti jedan problem, blagostanje,
17:57
which is one of countless problems
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1065015
3048
koji je jedan od bezbrojnih problema
18:00
that blockchains are applicable to.
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1068087
2031
na koje su blockchaini primjenjivi.
18:03
Now, technology doesn't create
prosperity, of course -- people do.
prosperity, of course -- people do.
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1071036
3955
Sad, tehnologija ne kreira
blagostanje, naravno -- to čine ljudi.
blagostanje, naravno -- to čine ljudi.
18:07
But my case to you is that, once again,
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1075507
3875
Ali moj slučaj pred vama je kako, još jednom,
18:11
the technology genie
has escaped from the bottle,
has escaped from the bottle,
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1079905
3437
tehnološki je duh
pobjegao iz boce,
pobjegao iz boce,
18:15
and it was summoned
by an unknown person or persons
by an unknown person or persons
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1083366
3212
i prizvala ga je
nepoznata osoba ili osobe
nepoznata osoba ili osobe
18:18
at this uncertain time in human history,
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1086602
2725
u ovom nesigurnom vremenu ljudske povijesti,
18:22
and it's giving us
another kick at the can,
another kick at the can,
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1090216
3271
i daje nam
još jedan pokušaj,
još jedan pokušaj,
18:25
another opportunity to rewrite
the economic power grid
the economic power grid
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1093511
5117
još jednu priliku nanovo ispisati
ekonomsku mrežu moći
ekonomsku mrežu moći
18:30
and the old order of things,
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1098652
1724
i stari poredak stvari,
18:32
and solve some of the world's most
difficult problems,
difficult problems,
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4396
te riješiti neke od svjetskih
najsloženijih problema,
najsloženijih problema,
18:37
if we will it.
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1389
ako to želimo.
18:39
Thank you.
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1107915
1192
Hvala Vam.
18:41
(Applause)
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5423
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Don Tapscott - Digital strategistDon Tapscott, Executive Chairman of the Blockchain Research Institute, is one of the world’s leading authorities on the impact of technology in business and society. He has authored 16 books, including "Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything," which has been translated into over 25 languages
Why you should listen
A leading analyst of innovation and the impacts of technology, Don Tapscott has authored or co-authored 15 widely read books about various aspects of the reshaping of our society and economy. His work Wikinomics counts among the most influential business books of the last decade. His new book The Blockchain Revolution, co-authored with his son, Alex, discusses the blockchain, the distributed-database technology that's being deployed well beyond its original application as the public ledger behind Bitcoin. In the book, they analyze why blockchain technology will fundamentally change the internet -- how it works, how to use it and its promises and perils.
Tapscott is an adjunct professor of management at the Rotman School of Management at the University of Toronto, a Senior Advisor at the World Economic Forum and an Associate of the Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University.
Don Tapscott | Speaker | TED.com