TED2019
Barbara J. King: Grief and love in the animal kingdom
Barbara J. King: Žalovanje i ljubav u životinjskom carstvu
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Od žalujućih orki do slonova pod stresom, biološka antropologinja Barbara J. King je posvjedočila žalovanju i ljubavi u životinjskom carstvu. U svom govoru iznosi dokaze zašto vjeruje da mnoge životinje imaju kompleksne emocije i preporučuje načine kako se etički odnositi prema njima -- čak i dok ih jedemo. "Životinje ne žaluju jednako kao i mi, ali to ne znači da njihovo žalovanje nije stvarno. Stvarno je, živo je, i možemo ga vidjeti ako to želimo."
Barbara J. King - Biological anthropologist, writer
As a writer on animal cognition and emotion, Barbara J. King seeks to motivate us all to be kinder to the animals we share the planet with. Full bio
As a writer on animal cognition and emotion, Barbara J. King seeks to motivate us all to be kinder to the animals we share the planet with. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'd like to tell you today
about an orca named Tahlequah.
about an orca named Tahlequah.
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Htjela bih s vama podijeliti priču
o orki nazvanoj Tahlequah.
o orki nazvanoj Tahlequah.
00:17
Tahlequah is also known
as J35 to scientists,
as J35 to scientists,
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Tahlequah je također znanstvenicima
poznata pod imenom J35,
poznata pod imenom J35,
00:21
because she swims with the J Pod
in the Salish Sea.
in the Salish Sea.
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jer pliva s jatom J u Sališkom moru.
00:24
These are the waters off of
British Columbia and Washington State.
British Columbia and Washington State.
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To je more uz Britansku Kolumbiju
i saveznu državu Washington.
i saveznu državu Washington.
00:28
Now, last year, in July 2018,
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Prošle godine, u srpnju 2018. godine
00:32
she was well along
in her 17-month pregnancy,
in her 17-month pregnancy,
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već je bila u kasnom razdoblju trudnoće
koja traje 17 mjeseci,
koja traje 17 mjeseci,
00:36
and scientists were very excited
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i znanstvenici su bili uzbuđeni
00:38
because no baby had survived
in this pod for three long years.
in this pod for three long years.
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jer unazad tri godine nijedno
mladunče nije preživjelo u jatu.
mladunče nije preživjelo u jatu.
00:44
Now, orcas are also
known as killer whales.
known as killer whales.
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Orke su poznate i kao kitovi ubojice.
00:47
They're profoundly social
and profoundly intelligent beings.
and profoundly intelligent beings.
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Poprilično su društvene
i inteligentne životinje.
i inteligentne životinje.
00:52
And scientists are very interested
in their behavior,
in their behavior,
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I znanstvenici su zainteresirani
za njihovo ponašanje
za njihovo ponašanje
00:55
because in their social networks,
they share habits, information
they share habits, information
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jer u svojim društvenim mrežama
dijele svoje navike, informacije,
dijele svoje navike, informacije,
00:59
and even affection.
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čak i osjećaje.
01:00
They create true cultures of the ocean.
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Oni su prava razvijena kultura oceana.
01:04
But this pod has been in trouble.
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Ali ovo jato ima problem.
01:08
The Chinook salmon that the orcas favor
has been way down in the region,
has been way down in the region,
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Kraljevski losos kojeg orke
obožavaju nestaje iz regije
obožavaju nestaje iz regije
01:12
and pollution has been up.
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dok se javlja onečišćenje.
01:15
But on July 24th, Tahlequah
gave birth to a daughter,
gave birth to a daughter,
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24. srpnja Tahlequah je porodila
žensko mladunče
žensko mladunče
01:20
and scientists were so excited
by this development.
by this development.
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i znanstvenici su bili
uzbuđeni zbog ovoga.
uzbuđeni zbog ovoga.
01:24
But unfortunately, the same day --
in fact, shortly after birth --
in fact, shortly after birth --
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Nažalost, istog dana,
zapravo ubrzo nakon rođenja,
zapravo ubrzo nakon rođenja,
01:28
the calf died.
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mladunče je umrlo.
01:31
Well, what happened next
electrified animal lovers
electrified animal lovers
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Ono što se desilo nakon toga
uzdrmalo je ljubitelje životinja
uzdrmalo je ljubitelje životinja
01:34
across the world,
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diljem svijeta.
01:35
because Tahlequah refused
to let her baby slip off into the water.
to let her baby slip off into the water.
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Tahlequah nije dopustila da njeno
mladunče potone u dubine vode.
mladunče potone u dubine vode.
01:40
She kept it on her body
and she swam with it.
and she swam with it.
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Držala ju je na svom tijelu
i plivala s njom.
i plivala s njom.
01:43
If it did fall off,
she would dive and rescue it,
she would dive and rescue it,
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Ako bi pala, zaronila bi i spasila je,
01:47
and she battled stiff currents to do this.
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boreći se protiv morskih struja
kako bi to učinila.
kako bi to učinila.
01:51
Now, she kept this behavior up
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Takvo ponašanje se održalo
01:53
for 17 days,
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17 dana
01:56
and during this time,
she swam over 1,000 miles.
she swam over 1,000 miles.
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i za to vrijeme preplivala je
preko 1000 kilometara.
preko 1000 kilometara.
02:00
At that point, she let the little baby
slip off into the water.
slip off into the water.
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U jednom trenutku, pustila je
da njeno mladunče potone u vodu.
da njeno mladunče potone u vodu.
02:04
So today, Tahlequah
swims on with the J Pod,
swims on with the J Pod,
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Danas Tahlequah i dalje pliva s jatom J,
02:09
but her grief still moves me.
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a njeno žalovanje mi je i dalje dirljivo.
02:12
And I do believe that "grief"
is the right word to use.
is the right word to use.
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I mislim da je riječ "žalovanje"
ispravno iskorištena ovdje.
ispravno iskorištena ovdje.
02:16
I believe that grief
is the right word to use
is the right word to use
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Vjerujem da je žalovanje ispravna riječ
02:18
for numerous animals who mourn the dead.
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zbog brojnih životinja
koje oplakuju mrtve.
koje oplakuju mrtve.
02:21
They may be friends or mates or relatives.
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Oni su prijatelji, partneri ili rod.
02:25
Because these visible cues,
these behavioral cues,
these behavioral cues,
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Ovakvi vidljivi znakovi,
bihevioralni znakovi,
bihevioralni znakovi,
02:28
tell us something about
an animal's emotional state.
an animal's emotional state.
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nam govore o emotivnom stanju životinje.
02:32
Now, for the last seven years,
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Zadnjih sedam godina
02:34
I've been working to document
examples of animal grief --
examples of animal grief --
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radila sam na dokumentiranju
primjera žalovanja u životinja;
primjera žalovanja u životinja;
02:37
in birds, in mammals,
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u ptica, sisavaca,
02:39
in domesticated animals
and in wild animals --
and in wild animals --
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u pripitomljenih i divljih životinja,
02:42
and I believe in the reality
of animal grief.
of animal grief.
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i vjerujem da životinje žaluju.
02:46
Now, I say it this way
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Razlog zašto to govorim na ovaj način je
02:48
because I need to acknowledge
to you right up front
to you right up front
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jer vam moram priznati
02:50
that not all scientists agree with me.
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da se svi znanstvenici ne slažu sa mnom.
02:53
And part of the reason, I think,
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Dio razloga zašto, mislim
02:55
is because of what I call the "a-word."
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da je zbog jedne riječi na slovo A.
02:58
The a-word is anthropomorphism,
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Ta riječ je antropomorfizam,
03:00
and historically,
it's been a big deterrent
it's been a big deterrent
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i povijesno, ta riječ je otežavala
03:02
to recognizing animal emotions.
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prepoznavanje emocija u životinja.
03:05
So, anthropomorphism is when
we project onto other animals
we project onto other animals
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Antropomorfizam je projekcija
naših sposobnosti ili emocija
naših sposobnosti ili emocija
03:09
our capacities or our emotions.
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na druge životinje.
03:12
And we can all probably
think of examples of this.
think of examples of this.
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Svi mi možemo naći primjer za to.
03:16
Let's say we have a friend who tells us,
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Recimo da imamo prijatelja koji nam kaže,
03:18
"My cat understands everything I say."
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"Moja mačka razumije sve što kažem."
03:22
Or, "My dog, he's so sweet.
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Ili "Moj pas je presladak.
03:25
he ran right across the yard this morning
towards a squirrel,
towards a squirrel,
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Ovo jutro je pretrčao cijelo
dvorište do vjeverice
dvorište do vjeverice
03:28
and I know he just wants to play."
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i znam da se samo hoće igrati."
03:30
Well, maybe.
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Možda.
03:32
Or maybe not.
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Možda i ne.
03:33
I'm skeptical about claims like those.
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Skeptična sam kod ovakvih izjava.
03:37
But animal grief is different,
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Ali žalovanje životinja je drugačije,
03:39
because we're not trying
to read an animal's mind.
to read an animal's mind.
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jer u tom slučaju ne pokušavamo
pročitati životinjski um.
pročitati životinjski um.
03:42
We're looking at visible cues of behavior
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Tražimo vidljive znakove
njihovog ponašanja
njihovog ponašanja
03:44
and trying to interpret them
with some meaning.
with some meaning.
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i pokušavamo ih
interpretirati te razumjeti.
interpretirati te razumjeti.
03:47
Now, it's true -- scientists
often push back at me,
often push back at me,
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Često te ideje znanstvenici odbace
03:50
and they'll say,
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i kažu mi,
03:51
"Ah, look, the animal might be stressed,
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"Gledaj, možda je životinja pod stresom,
03:53
or maybe the animal's just confused
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ili je životinja zbunjena
03:55
because his or her routine
has been disrupted."
has been disrupted."
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jer je njezina rutina poremećena."
03:58
But I think that this overworry
about anthropomorphism
about anthropomorphism
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Ali mislim da ovaj strah od
antropomorfiziranja
antropomorfiziranja
04:03
misses a fundamental point.
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otežava naše zaključivanje.
04:05
And that is that animals
can care very deeply for each other,
can care very deeply for each other,
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A zaključak je taj da
životinje mogu brinuti jedna o drugoj,
životinje mogu brinuti jedna o drugoj,
04:09
maybe they even love each other.
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možda čak i voljeti jedna drugu.
04:11
And when they do,
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Kad to čine,
04:12
a survivor's heart
can be pierced by a death.
can be pierced by a death.
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onaj koji preživi može biti
duboko pogođen smrću.
duboko pogođen smrću.
04:17
Let's face it:
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Istina je da
04:18
if we deny evolutionary continuity,
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ako niječemo kontinuitet evolucije,
04:21
we are really missing out
on embracing part of ourselves.
on embracing part of ourselves.
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propuštamo prihvatiti dio sebe.
04:25
So yes, I believe in the reality
of animal grief,
of animal grief,
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Da, vjerujem da životinje žaluju.
04:28
and I also think that if we recognize it,
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I također mislim da ako
to uspijemo prihvatiti,
to uspijemo prihvatiti,
04:30
we can make the world
a better place for animals,
a better place for animals,
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možemo učiniti ovaj
svijet boljim za životinje,
svijet boljim za životinje,
04:33
a kinder place for animals.
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nježnijim za životinje.
04:36
So let me tell you a little bit more
about animal grief.
about animal grief.
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Imam nekoliko primjera
žalovanja životinja.
žalovanja životinja.
04:40
I'm going to start in Kenya.
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Počet ću od Kenije.
04:43
You see here there's
an elephant named Eleanor
an elephant named Eleanor
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U Keniji živi slonica Eleanor
04:45
who came one day with bruised legs,
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koja je jednog dana ozlijedila nogu
04:48
and she collapsed.
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i pala.
04:50
You see on the left
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Vidite s lijeve strane
04:52
that another female named Grace
came to her right away
came to her right away
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da je druga slonica, Grace, odmah došla
04:55
and, using her own trunk, propped her up,
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i pomoću surle počela ju je dizati,
04:58
tried to get her up on her feet.
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pokušavajući je podići na noge.
05:00
And she did succeed,
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I uspjela je,
05:01
but then Eleanor collapsed again.
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ali je Eleanor opet pala.
05:04
At this point, Grace became
visibly distressed,
visibly distressed,
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U tom trenutku je Grace bila
vidljivo pod stresom,
vidljivo pod stresom,
05:07
and she prodded the body,
and she vocalized.
and she vocalized.
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pomicala je tijelo i rikala.
05:11
Eleanor collapsed again,
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Eleanor je opet pala,
05:13
and unfortunately, she did die.
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i nažalost, umrla.
05:16
What you see on the right is a female
from another family named Maui,
from another family named Maui,
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S desne strane vidite
slonicu Maui iz druge obitelji,
slonicu Maui iz druge obitelji,
05:20
who came after the death,
and she stayed at the body.
and she stayed at the body.
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koja je došla nakon smrti
i ostala uz tijelo.
i ostala uz tijelo.
05:23
She held a vigil there,
and she even rocked in distress
and she even rocked in distress
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Održala je bdijenje, i čak se nad tijelom
05:27
over the body.
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ljuljala od stresa.
05:28
So the scientists watching the elephants
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Znanstvenici koji proučavaju slonove
05:31
kept close observation on Eleanor's body
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su promatrali Eleanorino tijelo
05:34
for seven days.
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sedam dana.
05:36
And during those seven days,
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U tih sedam dana
05:37
a parade of elephants came
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došlo je niz slonova
05:39
from five different families.
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iz različitih obitelji.
05:42
Now, some were just curious,
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Neki su bili radoznali,
05:44
but others carried out behaviors
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ali ponašanje drugih
05:45
that I really believe
should be classified as grief.
should be classified as grief.
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stvarno mislim da se treba
nazvati žalovanjem.
nazvati žalovanjem.
05:50
So what does grief look like?
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Kako žalovanje izgleda?
05:52
It can be rocking, as I said, in distress.
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Može biti ljuljanje, kao što
sam spomenula, kod stresa.
sam spomenula, kod stresa.
05:55
It can also be social withdrawal,
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Može biti i povlačenje iz društva,
05:57
when an animal just takes
himself or herself away from friends
himself or herself away from friends
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kada se životinja odvoji od ostalih
06:01
and stays by themselves,
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i bude sama,
06:04
or a failure to eat or sleep properly,
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ili problemi s prehranom i spavanjem,
06:07
sometimes a depressed posture
or vocalization.
or vocalization.
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ponekad depresivni stav ili vokalizacija.
06:11
It can be very helpful
for those of us studying this
for those of us studying this
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Nama koji ovo izučavamo
mnogo pomaže ako znamo
mnogo pomaže ako znamo
06:14
to be able to compare the behavior
of a survivor before death
of a survivor before death
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kako se preživjele životinje
ponašaju prije smrti
ponašaju prije smrti
06:18
and after death,
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i poslije smrti,
06:19
because that increases the rigor
of our interpretation.
of our interpretation.
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jer to smanjuje greške u
interpretaciji ponašanja.
interpretaciji ponašanja.
06:23
And I can explain this to you
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Objasnit ću vam ovo
06:25
by talking about two ducks
named Harper and Kohl.
named Harper and Kohl.
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primjerom dviju patki
nazvane Harper i Kohl.
nazvane Harper i Kohl.
06:30
So we're into birds now.
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Sad smo prešli na ptice.
06:32
So Harper and Kohl were raised
at a foie gras factory,
at a foie gras factory,
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Harper i Kohl su odrasli
na "foie gras" farmi
na "foie gras" farmi
06:35
and they were treated cruelly.
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i okrutno se postupalo njima.
06:37
Foie gras does involve
force-feeding of birds.
force-feeding of birds.
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"Foie gras" farme prisilno hrane perad.
06:40
So this hurt their bodies, and their
spirits were not in good shape, either.
spirits were not in good shape, either.
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To dovodi do ozljeda tijela
te i do poremećenog duha.
te i do poremećenog duha.
06:44
But thankfully, they were rescued
by a farm sanctuary in upstate New York.
by a farm sanctuary in upstate New York.
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Sva sreća, spasila ih je jedna farma
utočište u saveznoj državi New York.
utočište u saveznoj državi New York.
06:49
And for four years, they stabilized,
and they were fast friends.
and they were fast friends.
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Unutar četiri godine bilo im je bolje
i brzo su postali prijatelji.
i brzo su postali prijatelji.
06:53
They often took themselves
to a small pond on the property.
to a small pond on the property.
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Često su zajedno išli do
malog jezera na imanju.
malog jezera na imanju.
06:57
Then, Kohl started to have
really intractable pain in his legs,
really intractable pain in his legs,
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Kohl je počeo imati teške bolove u nozi
07:01
and it was clear to the sanctuary
that he had to be euthanized humanely,
that he had to be euthanized humanely,
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i ljudima s farme je bilo jasno da
ga moraju humano eutanizirati,
ga moraju humano eutanizirati,
07:05
and he was.
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to su i učinili.
07:07
But then the sanctuary workers
did a brilliant thing,
did a brilliant thing,
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Ono što su ljudi s farme
dobro napravili je
dobro napravili je
07:09
because they brought Harper
to the body to see.
to the body to see.
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da su doveli Harpera da vidi tijelo.
07:14
And at first, Harper prodded
the body of his friend,
the body of his friend,
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Prvo je Harper došao, gurkao
tijelo svog prijatelja,
tijelo svog prijatelja,
07:17
but then he laid himself over it,
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i onda je legao preko njega,
07:20
and he stayed there
for over an hour with his friend.
for over an hour with his friend.
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tako je ostao više od sat vremena.
07:23
And in the weeks after,
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Imao je teško razdoblje
07:26
he had a hard time.
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sljedećih nekoliko tjedana.
07:28
He would go back to that same pond
where he had been with Kohl,
where he had been with Kohl,
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Došao bi do jezera gdje je išao s Kohlom
07:31
and he didn't want any other friends.
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i nije htio druge prijatelje.
07:34
And within two months, he died as well.
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Nakon dva mjeseca je i on umro.
07:38
Now, I'm happy to say
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Sretna sam što mogu reći
07:39
that not all grieving animals
have this sorrowful outcome.
have this sorrowful outcome.
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da ne završi svako
žalovanje životinja smrću.
žalovanje životinja smrću.
07:43
Last summer, I flew to Boston
to visit my adult daughter, Sarah.
to visit my adult daughter, Sarah.
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Prošlo ljeto letjela sam u Boston
posjetiti svoju kćer Sarah.
posjetiti svoju kćer Sarah.
07:48
I was with my husband Charlie.
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Bila sam s mužem Charlijem.
07:49
I really needed a break from work.
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Trebala mi je pauza od posla.
07:53
But I succumbed,
and I checked my work email.
and I checked my work email.
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Ali podlegla sam i provjeravala emailove.
07:57
You know how that is.
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Znate kako to ide.
07:58
And there was a communication
about a dejected donkey.
about a dejected donkey.
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Naišla sam na poruke o
odbačenom magarcu.
odbačenom magarcu.
08:03
Now, as an anthropologist,
this wasn't what I expected,
this wasn't what I expected,
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Kao antropolog, obično ne
očekujem takve poruke,
očekujem takve poruke,
08:05
but there it was, and I'm glad I read it.
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ali dospjela je do mene i drago mi je.
08:07
Because a donkey named Lena
had gone to another farm sanctuary,
had gone to another farm sanctuary,
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Magarica nazvana Lena je otišla
na drugu farmu utočište,
na drugu farmu utočište,
08:12
this one in Alberta, Canada,
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u Alberti, u Kanadi,
08:14
as the only donkey there,
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i kao jedini magarac tamo
08:17
and had trouble making friends
for that reason.
for that reason.
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imala je problem kod stvaranja prijatelja.
08:19
But she eventually did make friends
with an older horse named Jake,
with an older horse named Jake,
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S vremenom se sprijateljila sa starijim
konjem nazvanim Jake,
konjem nazvanim Jake,
08:23
and for three years they were inseparable.
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i godinama su bili nerazdvojni.
08:26
But the reason the email came
was that Jake, at age 32, the horse,
was that Jake, at age 32, the horse,
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Razlog zašto je ovaj email došao,
je jer se konj Jake u 32. godini
je jer se konj Jake u 32. godini
08:30
had become gravely ill
and had to be put down,
and had to be put down,
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teško razbolio i morali
su ga eutanizirati
su ga eutanizirati
08:33
and this is what was going on.
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te se ovo počelo događati.
08:36
This is Lena standing on Jake's grave.
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Ovo je Lena, stoji na Jakeovom grobu.
08:39
She didn't want to come in at night.
She didn't want to come in for food.
She didn't want to come in for food.
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Nije htjela ući u štalu po noći.
Nije htjela jesti.
Nije htjela jesti.
08:42
She didn't want to come in for water.
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Nije htjela piti.
08:44
She pawed at the grave,
she brayed in distress,
she brayed in distress,
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Kopitima je tapkala po grobu
i njakala nesretno,
i njakala nesretno,
08:47
and there she stood.
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stajala je tamo.
08:50
So we talked and we brainstormed.
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Razgovarali smo i razmišljali.
08:52
What do you do for an animal like this?
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Što učiniti s ovakvom životinjom?
08:55
And we talked about the role of time,
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Razgovarali smo o potrebnom vremenu,
08:57
of extra love and kindness from people
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o dodatnoj ljubavi i
pažnji od strane ljudi
pažnji od strane ljudi
09:00
and of urging her to make a new friend.
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i poticanju da stekne nove prijatelje.
09:03
And here's where her trajectory does
diverge from that of Harper the duck,
diverge from that of Harper the duck,
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I tu se njena sudbina razlikuje od
sudbine patka Harpera,
sudbine patka Harpera,
09:07
because she did make a new friend,
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ona je upoznala nove prijatelje,
09:09
and sanctuary workers wrote back
and said it worked out well.
and said it worked out well.
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i ljudi s farme su nam poslali
poruku da je sve u redu.
poruku da je sve u redu.
09:14
Now sometimes, scientists
supplement observation
supplement observation
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Nekada znanstvenici zamjene opservaciju
09:17
with hormonal analysis.
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hormonskom analizom.
09:19
There's an example of a group
of scientists in Botswana,
of scientists in Botswana,
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Na primjer, grupa znanstvenika u Bocvani,
09:22
who took fecal material from baboons
and compared two different groups.
and compared two different groups.
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uzeli su izmet babuna i
usporedili dvije grupe.
usporedili dvije grupe.
09:27
The first group were females
who had witnessed a predator attack
who had witnessed a predator attack
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Prva grupa su bile ženke
koje su vidjele napad grabežljivca
koje su vidjele napad grabežljivca
09:31
and lost someone in that attack,
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i izgubile nekoga u tom napadu.
09:34
and the second group were females
who had witnessed an attack
who had witnessed an attack
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Druga grupa su ženke koje su
vidjele napad grabežljivca,
vidjele napad grabežljivca,
09:36
but had not lost someone.
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ali nisu nikoga izgubile.
09:38
And the stress hormones
were way up in that first group.
were way up in that first group.
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Razina hormona stresa je bila
mnogo veća u prvoj grupi.
mnogo veća u prvoj grupi.
09:41
But here's the thing:
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Radi se o tome
09:43
the scientists didn't just
call them "stressed baboons,"
call them "stressed baboons,"
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da ih znanstvenici nisu nazvali
samo "babuni pod stresom",
samo "babuni pod stresom",
09:45
they called them "bereaved baboons,"
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nego su ih nazvali "žalujući babuni"
09:48
and in part, that's because
of the observations that they made.
of the observations that they made.
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zbog opservacije koju su napravili.
09:52
For example, this mother-daughter
pair were very close,
pair were very close,
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Na primjer, majka i kćer su
bile izrazito bliske,
bile izrazito bliske,
09:55
and then the daughter
was killed by a lion.
was killed by a lion.
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i kćer je ubio lav.
09:58
The mother removed herself
from all her friends,
from all her friends,
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Majka se sklanja od svojih prijatelja,
10:00
from her grooming networks,
and just stayed by herself for weeks --
and just stayed by herself for weeks --
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od lanca timarenja,
i sama je sa sobom tjednima,
i sama je sa sobom tjednima,
10:05
bereavement --
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žaluje
10:06
and she then slowly recovered.
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i polako se oporavlja.
10:11
So we have bereaved baboons.
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Znači, imamo babune koji žale.
10:13
Will science tell us someday
about bereaved bees?
about bereaved bees?
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Hoće li nam znanstvenici jednog dana
spominjati pčele koje žaluju?
spominjati pčele koje žaluju?
10:17
Will we hear about frogs who mourn?
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Hoćemo li čuti o žabama koje žaluju?
10:21
I don't think so, and I think the reason
is because animals really need
is because animals really need
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Ne vjerujem, a mislim da je
razlog to što životinje trebaju
razlog to što životinje trebaju
10:25
one-to-one, close relationships
for that to happen.
for that to happen.
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odnos jedan na jedan kako bi se to desilo.
10:28
I also know that circumstance matters,
and personality matters.
and personality matters.
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Znam da su i okolnosti i osobnost bitne.
10:33
I have documented
cats and dogs who grieve,
cats and dogs who grieve,
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Dokumentirala sam mačke i pse koji žaluju,
10:36
our companion animals,
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naše najčešće suputnike,
10:38
but I also interacted with a woman
who was extremely bothered
who was extremely bothered
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ali sam pričala i sa ženom
kojoj je smetalo
kojoj je smetalo
10:40
because her dog wasn't grieving.
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što njen pas ne žaluje.
10:43
She said to me, "The first dog
in the house has died.
in the house has died.
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Rekla mi je, "Jedan pas u kući je umro.
10:47
The second animal does not
seem concerned, the second dog.
seem concerned, the second dog.
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Drugi pas nije zabrinut zbog toga.
10:50
What is wrong with him?"
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Što nije u redu s njim?"
10:51
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
10:53
And as I listened to her,
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I dok sam je slušala,
10:55
I realized that this dog was now
the only animal in the household,
the only animal in the household,
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shvatila sam da je taj pas
sad jedina životinja u kućanstvu,
sad jedina životinja u kućanstvu,
10:59
and as far as he was concerned,
that was a pretty good deal.
that was a pretty good deal.
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i što se njega tiče, to je odlična vijest.
11:03
So circumstances matter.
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Tako da su okolnosti bitne.
11:06
Now, in any case, animals
are not going to grieve
are not going to grieve
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Svakako životinje neće žalovati
11:09
exactly like we do.
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onako kako mi žalimo.
11:11
We have human creativity.
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Mi ljudi smo kreativni.
11:13
We paint our grief, dance our grief,
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Mi se obojimo žalovanjem,
plešemo žalovanje,
plešemo žalovanje,
11:16
write our grief.
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pišemo naše žalovanje.
11:18
We also can grieve for people
we've never met,
we've never met,
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Također žalimo za ljudima
koje nikad nismo upoznali,
koje nikad nismo upoznali,
11:21
across space and time.
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iz drugih mjesta i vremena.
11:23
I felt this strongly when I went to Berlin
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To sam osjetila kada sam posjetila Berlin
11:26
and I stood at the Holocaust Memorial.
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i stajala pred spomenikom Holokaustu.
11:29
Animals don't grieve exactly like we do,
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Životinje ne žaluju kao mi,
11:31
but this doesn't mean
that their grief isn't real.
that their grief isn't real.
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ali to ne znači da njihovo
žalovanje nije stvarno.
žalovanje nije stvarno.
11:34
It is real, and it's searing,
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Stvarno je, živo je
11:37
and we can see it if we choose.
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i možemo ga vidjeti ako želimo.
11:41
Now, I've lost both my parents.
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Izgubila sam oba roditelja.
11:43
I lost a very dear friend
at a young age from AIDS.
at a young age from AIDS.
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Izgubila sam prijatelja
u mladosti, umro je od AIDS-a.
u mladosti, umro je od AIDS-a.
11:48
I believe most likely most of you
here have lost someone.
here have lost someone.
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Vjerujem da je većina vas nekoga izgubila.
11:52
And I have found it a genuine comfort,
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Pronašla sam utjehu,
11:56
a solace, to know that we aren't
the only beings on this earth
the only beings on this earth
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spokoj, znajući da nismo
jedina bića na Zemlji
jedina bića na Zemlji
12:00
who feel love and grief.
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koja osjete ljubav i žalovanje.
12:04
And I think this is important.
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I mislim da je to bitno.
12:06
I also think we can take
this a step further,
this a step further,
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Također mislim da možemo i više učiniti,
12:08
and we can realize
that the reality of animal grief
that the reality of animal grief
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možemo shvatiti da žalovanje u životinja
12:11
can help us be better
and do better for animals.
and do better for animals.
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može pomoći nama
i može pomoći životinjama.
i može pomoći životinjama.
12:15
This is already happening with Tahlequah,
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To se desilo s Tahlequah,
12:17
because the United States and Canada have
renewed their talks with greater urgency
renewed their talks with greater urgency
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jer su SAD i Kanada užurbano
počele raspravljati
počele raspravljati
12:22
for how to help the orcas,
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o tome kako pomoći orkama,
12:24
how to restore the Chinook salmon
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kako vratiti kraljevske losose
12:26
and how to help with the water pollution.
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i kako pomoći oko onečišćenja vode.
12:29
We can also see that if grief is real,
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Također možemo vidjeti
da je žalovanje stvarno,
da je žalovanje stvarno,
12:31
there's tremendous
plausibility to the notion
plausibility to the notion
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postoje mnoge daljnje mogućnosti u ideji
12:34
that animals feel a whole range of things.
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da su osjećaji životinja raznovrsni.
12:37
So we could look at joy,
sadness, even hope.
sadness, even hope.
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Možemo promatrati sreću, tugu, čak i nadu.
12:42
And if we do that,
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Ako to možemo,
12:44
here's how we can start
to think about the world.
to think about the world.
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možemo razmišljati
o svijetu na ovakav način.
o svijetu na ovakav način.
12:46
We can look at orcas and say,
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Možemo gledajući orke i reći,
12:48
we know they grieve,
we know they feel their lives,
we know they feel their lives,
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znamo da žaluju, znamo da imaju osjećaje,
12:51
and we can refuse to confine them
to small tanks in theme parks
to small tanks in theme parks
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i možemo odbiti zatvarati ih
u male prostore u parkovima
u male prostore u parkovima
12:57
and make them perform
for our entertainment.
for our entertainment.
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i tjerati ih da izvode trikove
zbog naše razonode.
zbog naše razonode.
13:00
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
13:02
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
13:04
We can look at elephants
and say, yes, they grieve,
and say, yes, they grieve,
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Možemo gledati slonove
i reći, da, oni žaluju,
i reći, da, oni žaluju,
13:07
and we can renew our efforts
against international trophy hunting
against international trophy hunting
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i možemo se potruditi oko
borbe protiv lova na trofeje
borbe protiv lova na trofeje
13:11
and against poaching.
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i krivolova.
13:13
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
13:15
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
13:16
And we can look at our closest
living relatives, monkeys and apes,
living relatives, monkeys and apes,
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Možemo pogledati naše
najbliže rođake majmune,
najbliže rođake majmune,
13:20
and know yes they grieve,
they feel their lives,
they feel their lives,
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znamo da žaluju, znamo da imaju osjećaje,
13:23
so they don't deserve to be confined
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i ne zaslužuju biti primorani
13:25
in highly invasive biomedical experiments
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biti dio invazivnih
biomedicinskih eksperimenata,
biomedicinskih eksperimenata,
13:29
year after year.
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i to godinama.
13:31
And, you know --
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I znate...
13:32
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
13:33
the ducks Harper and Kohl,
they tell us something too.
they tell us something too.
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patke Harper i Kohl
su nam također nešto pokazale.
su nam također nešto pokazale.
13:37
They help us connect the dots
and realize that what we eat
and realize that what we eat
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Pomogle su nam da spojimo točke
i shvatimo da ono što jedemo
i shvatimo da ono što jedemo
13:41
affects how animals live.
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utječe na način kako životinje žive.
13:43
And it's not just foie gras,
and it's not just ducks.
and it's not just ducks.
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I ne mislim samo na "foie gras"
i samo na patke.
i samo na patke.
13:46
We can think about pigs and chickens
and cows in factory farms,
and cows in factory farms,
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Možemo razmišljati i o svinjama,
pilićima i kravama na farmama,
pilićima i kravama na farmama,
13:52
and we can know.
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znam da možemo.
13:53
I can tell you the science is real
that these animals feel, too.
that these animals feel, too.
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Mogu vam reći da znanost potvrđuje
da ove životinje također imaju osjećaje.
da ove životinje također imaju osjećaje.
13:57
So every single time
we choose a plant-based meal,
we choose a plant-based meal,
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Svaki put kada odaberete biljnu hranu,
14:01
we are contributing
to reducing animal suffering.
to reducing animal suffering.
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pridonosite smanjenju patnje
koje te životinje osjete.
koje te životinje osjete.
14:06
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
14:09
So yes, I believe in the reality
of animal grief.
of animal grief.
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Da, vjerujem da životinje žaluju.
14:13
I believe in the reality of animal love,
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Vjerujem da osjete ljubav
14:16
and I think it is time for us humans
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i mislim da je vrijeme da mi ljudi
14:18
to recognize that
we don't own these things.
we don't own these things.
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prihvatimo da nismo jedini
koji su sposobni za to.
koji su sposobni za to.
14:21
And when we see that,
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Kada to spoznamo,
14:23
we have an opportunity to make the world
so much better for animals,
so much better for animals,
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imat ćemo priliku učiniti svijet
boljim za životinje,
boljim za životinje,
14:27
a kinder world, a gentler world,
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nježniji, ljepši svijet,
14:29
and along the way, we might
just save ourselves, too.
just save ourselves, too.
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a usput ćemo možda spasiti i sebe.
14:34
Thank you so much.
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Mnogo vam hvala.
14:35
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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Thank you. Thank you.
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Hvala vam. Hvala vam.
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Barbara J. King - Biological anthropologist, writerAs a writer on animal cognition and emotion, Barbara J. King seeks to motivate us all to be kinder to the animals we share the planet with.
Why you should listen
Barbara J. King writes and speaks about the thinking and feeling abilities of animals ranging from our closest living relatives, monkeys and apes, to orcas and octopuses. In her own words: "After 28 years of teaching anthropology at the College of William and Mary, I’m now a full-time freelance science writer and speaker. My husband and I care for homeless cats and spend all the time we can in nature. For work, I’ve observed baboons in Kenya, and gorillas and bonobos in captivity, and for pleasure bison in Yellowstone. I focus on how the science of animal cognition and emotion might help animals.
"My books take up topics ranging from animal grief to who (not what) we eat and how religion evolved, tied together by my focus on animals. I wrote weekly for six years for NPR about science, and my work has appeared in Scientific American, Aeon and Undark magazines. I love giving public science talks and I am active daily on Twitter @bjkingape."
King is the author of How Animals Grieve, Personalities on the Plate and Evolving God.
Barbara J. King | Speaker | TED.com