TED Fellows Retreat 2015
Will Potter: The secret US prisons you've never heard of before
Will Potter: Penjara rahasia Amerika yang belum pernah Anda dengar
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Jurnalis investigasi Will Potter adalah satu-satunya wartawan yang pernah masuk ke dalam Communications Management Unit, atau CMU, dalam penjara Amerika. Unit-unit ini beroperasi secara rahasia, dan mengubah perlakuan terhadap tahanan secara radikal -- bahkan sampai mencegah mereka memeluk anak-anak mereka. TED Fellow Will Potter, menunjukkan pada kita siapa yang ditahan di sini, dan bagaimana pemerintah mencoba menyembunyikan mereka. "Pesannya jelas," katanya. "Jangan bicarakan tempat ini." Temukan sumber ceramah ini di willpotter.com/cmu
Will Potter - Investigative journalist
Award-winning journalist and author, Will Potter focuses on the animal rights and environmental movements, and civil liberties in the post-9/11 era. Full bio
Award-winning journalist and author, Will Potter focuses on the animal rights and environmental movements, and civil liberties in the post-9/11 era. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Pastor Daniel Berrigan pernah mengatakan,
"menulis tentang para tahanan
"menulis tentang para tahanan
00:13
Father Daniel Berrigan once said
that "writing about prisoners
that "writing about prisoners
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agak mirip menulis tentang orang mati."
00:16
is a little like writing about the dead."
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00:19
I think what he meant is that
we treat prisoners as ghosts.
we treat prisoners as ghosts.
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Saya rasa maksudnya, kita memperlakukan
narapidana seperti hantu.
narapidana seperti hantu.
Mereka tak terlihat dan tak terdengar.
00:22
They're unseen and unheard.
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00:25
It's easy to simply ignore them
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Sangat mudah untuk mengabaikan mereka
00:27
and it's even easier when the government
goes to great lengths to keep them hidden.
goes to great lengths to keep them hidden.
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dan lebih mudah lagi ketika pemerintah
berusaha menutupi keberadaan mereka.
berusaha menutupi keberadaan mereka.
Sebagai seorang jurnalis,
saya rasa kisah ini,
saya rasa kisah ini,
00:31
As a journalist, I think these stories
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tentang apa yang dilakukan pihak berwenang
saat tak ada yang melihat,
saat tak ada yang melihat,
00:33
of what people in power do
when no one is watching,
when no one is watching,
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00:37
are precisely the stories
that we need to tell.
that we need to tell.
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adalah kisah yang justru harus dituturkan.
Itu sebabnya saya mulai menyelidiki
00:40
That's why I began investigating
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00:41
the most secretive and experimental
prison units in the United States,
prison units in the United States,
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unit penjara paling rahasia dan
eksperimental di Amerika,
eksperimental di Amerika,
yang dikhususkan untuk
teroris "tingkat dua."
teroris "tingkat dua."
00:45
for so-called "second-tier" terrorists.
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00:49
The government calls these units
Communications Management Units or CMUs.
Communications Management Units or CMUs.
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Pemerintah menyebut unit ini
Communication Management Units atau CMU.
Communication Management Units atau CMU.
00:54
Prisoners and guards call them
"Little Guantanamo."
"Little Guantanamo."
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Narapidana dan sipir penjara
menyebutnya "Guantanamo Kecil."
menyebutnya "Guantanamo Kecil."
00:58
They are islands unto themselves.
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CMU adalah kepulauan sendiri.
Tapi tak seperti Gitmo,
CMU ada di sini, di Amerika,
CMU ada di sini, di Amerika,
01:01
But unlike Gitmo they exist
right here, at home,
right here, at home,
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di dalam penjara federal yang lebih besar.
01:05
floating within larger federal prisons.
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01:09
There are 2 CMUs.
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Ada dua CMU.
Satu beroperasi di dalam
penjara Terre Haute, Indiana,
penjara Terre Haute, Indiana,
01:10
One was opened inside the prison
in Terre Haute, Indiana,
in Terre Haute, Indiana,
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dan satu lagi di dalam penjara ini,
di Marion, Illinois.
di Marion, Illinois.
01:14
and the other is inside this prison,
in Marion, Illinois.
in Marion, Illinois.
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01:18
Neither of them underwent
the formal review process
the formal review process
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Keduanya tidak melalui
proses peninjauan resmi
proses peninjauan resmi
01:21
that is required by law
when they were opened.
when they were opened.
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yang diwajibkan secara hukum
saat pertama beroperasi.
saat pertama beroperasi.
01:25
CMU prisoners have all
been convicted of crimes.
been convicted of crimes.
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Semua tahanan CMU pernah
didakwa atas tindak kejahatan.
didakwa atas tindak kejahatan.
01:28
Some of their cases are questionable
and some involve threats and violence.
and some involve threats and violence.
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Beberapa kasusnya dipertanyakan dan
ada yang mencakup ancaman dan kekerasan.
ada yang mencakup ancaman dan kekerasan.
Saya di sini bukan untuk berdebat
apakah tahanan bersalah atau tidak,
apakah tahanan bersalah atau tidak,
01:33
I'm not here to argue the guilt
or innocence of any prisoner.
or innocence of any prisoner.
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01:36
I'm here because as Supreme Court Justice
Thurgood Marshall said,
Thurgood Marshall said,
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tapi karena seperti yang dikatakan
Hakim Mahkamah Agung Thurgood Marshall,
Hakim Mahkamah Agung Thurgood Marshall,
"Saat gerbang penjara ditutup,
01:39
"When the prisons and gates slam shut,
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para tahanan tidak kehilangan
kualitas kemanusiaannya."
kualitas kemanusiaannya."
01:42
prisoners do not lose
their human quality."
their human quality."
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01:46
Every prisoner I've interviewed
has said there are three flecks of light
has said there are three flecks of light
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Setiap tahanan yang saya wawancarai
mengatakan bahwa ada tiga titik cerah
mengatakan bahwa ada tiga titik cerah
dalam kegelapan penjara:
01:51
in the darkness of prison:
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telepon,
01:53
phone calls,
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surat,
01:54
letters
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dan kunjungan keluarga.
01:56
and visits from family.
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01:58
CMUs aren't solitary confinement,
but they radically restrict all of these
but they radically restrict all of these
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CMU bukan penjara yang terisolasi,
tapi mereka melarang ketiga hal ini
tapi mereka melarang ketiga hal ini
sampai ke tingkat yang mencapai dan bahkan
melebihi penjara terekstrim di Amerika.
melebihi penjara terekstrim di Amerika.
02:02
to levels that meet or exceed the most
extreme prisons in the United States.
extreme prisons in the United States.
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02:06
Their phone calls can be limited
to 45 minutes a month,
to 45 minutes a month,
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Pembicaraan telepon dibatasi
sampai 45 menit per bulan,
sampai 45 menit per bulan,
dibandingkan 300 menit
yang diterima tahanan lain.
yang diterima tahanan lain.
02:09
compared to the 300 minutes
other prisoners receive.
other prisoners receive.
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02:14
Their letters can be limited
to six pieces of paper.
to six pieces of paper.
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Surat untuk mereka
dibatasi sampai enam lembar.
dibatasi sampai enam lembar.
02:17
Their visits can be limited
to four hours per month,
to four hours per month,
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Kunjungan untuk mereka
dibatasi empat jam sebulan,
dibatasi empat jam sebulan,
dibandingkan dengan 35 jam maksimum
di penjara super
di penjara super
02:19
compared to the 35 hours that people
like Olympic Park bomber Eric Rudolph
like Olympic Park bomber Eric Rudolph
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untuk orang-orang seperti Eric Rudolph,
pelaku pengeboman Olympic Park.
pelaku pengeboman Olympic Park.
02:25
receive in the supermax.
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02:28
On top of that, CMU visits are non-contact
which means prisoners are not allowed
which means prisoners are not allowed
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Sebagai tambahan, pengunjung ke CMU tidak
bisa melakukan kontak dengan tahanan,
bisa melakukan kontak dengan tahanan,
yang berarti tahanan bahkan
tak boleh memeluk keluarganya.
tak boleh memeluk keluarganya.
02:33
to even hug their family.
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Seperti dikatakan salah satu tahanan CMU,
02:36
As one CMU prisoner said,
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"Kami tidak disiksa di sini,
selain secara psikologis."
selain secara psikologis."
02:38
"We're not being tortured here,
except psychologically."
except psychologically."
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Pemerintah tak mau mengatakan
siapa yang dipenjara di sini.
siapa yang dipenjara di sini.
02:42
The government won't say
who is imprisoned here.
who is imprisoned here.
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02:45
But through court documents,
open records requests
open records requests
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Tapi melalui dokumen pengadilan,
permintaan catatan terbuka,
permintaan catatan terbuka,
dan wawancara dengan tahanan
atau mantan tahanan,
atau mantan tahanan,
02:49
and interviews with current
and former prisoners,
and former prisoners,
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02:51
some small windows
into the CMUs have opened.
into the CMUs have opened.
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sedikit celah ke dalam CMU telah terbuka.
02:56
There's an estimated
60 to 70 prisoners here,
60 to 70 prisoners here,
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Ada sekitar 60 sampai 70 tahanan di sini,
dan sebagian besar adalah Muslim.
02:59
and they're overwhelmingly Muslim.
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03:01
They include people like Dr. Rafil Dhafir,
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Termasuk orang seperti Dr. Rafil Dhafir,
yang melanggar sanksi ekonomi ke Irak
dengan mengirimkan pasokan obat-obatan
dengan mengirimkan pasokan obat-obatan
03:05
who violated the economic sanctions
on Iraq by sending medical supplies
on Iraq by sending medical supplies
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untuk anak-anak di sana.
03:09
for the children there.
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03:11
They've included people like Yassin Aref.
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Termasuk juga orang seperti Yassin Aref.
03:14
Aref and his family fled to New York
from Saddam Hussein's Iraq as refugees.
from Saddam Hussein's Iraq as refugees.
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Aref dan keluarganya kabur ke New York
dari pemerintahan Saddam Hussein
di Irak sebagai pengungsi.
di Irak sebagai pengungsi.
03:20
He was arrested in 2004
as part of an FBI sting.
as part of an FBI sting.
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Ia ditahan tahun 2004
sebagai bagian dari operasi FBI.
sebagai bagian dari operasi FBI.
03:24
Aref is an imam and he was asked
to bear witness to a loan,
to bear witness to a loan,
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Aref adalah seorang imam dan
ia diminta untuk menjadi saksi pinjaman
ia diminta untuk menjadi saksi pinjaman
yang merupakan tradisi dalam budaya Islam.
03:28
which is a tradition in Islamic culture.
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Ternyata salah seorang yang terlibat dalam
pinjaman itu mencoba mengajak orang lain
pinjaman itu mencoba mengajak orang lain
03:30
It turned out that one of the people
involved in the loan was trying to enlist
involved in the loan was trying to enlist
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03:34
someone else in a fake attack.
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dalam sebuah penyerangan palsu.
03:37
Aref didn't know.
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Aref tak tahu apa-apa.
03:39
For that, he was convicted
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Untuk itu, ia didakwa melakukan konspirasi
03:40
of conspiracy to provide material support
to a terrorist group.
to a terrorist group.
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menyediakan bantuan materi
pada kelompok teroris.
pada kelompok teroris.
03:46
The CMUs also include
some non-Muslim prisoners.
some non-Muslim prisoners.
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Di CMU juga ada tahanan non-Muslim.
Para sipir menyebut mereka "penyeimbang,"
03:49
The guards call them "balancers,"
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artinya, mereka membantu
menyeimbangkan jumlah ras,
menyeimbangkan jumlah ras,
03:52
meaning they help balance out
the racial numbers,
the racial numbers,
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untuk mengelakkan gugatan hukum.
03:55
in hopes of deflecting law suits.
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03:58
These balancers include animal rights
and environmental activists
and environmental activists
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Para penyeimbang ini termasuk
aktivis hak hewan dan lingkungan
aktivis hak hewan dan lingkungan
seperti Daniel McGowan.
04:01
like Daniel McGowan.
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04:03
McGowan was convicted
of participating in two arsons
of participating in two arsons
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McGowan didakwa
berpartisipasi dalam dua pembakaran
berpartisipasi dalam dua pembakaran
atas nama pembelaan lingkungan
04:06
in the name of defending the environment
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sebagai bagian dari
Earth Liberation Front.
Earth Liberation Front.
04:08
as part of the Earth Liberation Front.
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04:11
During his sentencing, he was afraid
that he would be sent
that he would be sent
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Selama masa pengadilannya,
ia takut ia akan dikirim
ia takut ia akan dikirim
ke penjara rahasia untuk teroris
yang didesas-desuskan.
yang didesas-desuskan.
04:14
to a rumored secret prison for terrorists.
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04:17
The judge dismissed all those fears,
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Hakim menepis semua ketakutannya,
dan berkata bahwa kekhawatirannya
tak didukung fakta apapun.
tak didukung fakta apapun.
04:19
saying that they
weren't supported by any facts.
weren't supported by any facts.
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04:22
But that might be because the government
hasn't fully explained
hasn't fully explained
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Tapi mungkin itu karena pemerintah
belum benar-benar menjelaskan
belum benar-benar menjelaskan
mengapa beberapa tahanan berakhir di CMU,
04:25
why some prisoners end up in a CMU,
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dan siapa yang bertanggung jawab
untuk keputusannya.
untuk keputusannya.
04:28
and who is responsible
for these decisions.
for these decisions.
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04:32
When McGowan was transferred, he was told
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Ketika McGowan dipindahkan, ia diberi tahu
alasannya adalah karena
ia adalah "teroris domestik,"
ia adalah "teroris domestik,"
04:34
it's because he is a "domestic terrorist,"
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istilah yang terus digunakan FBI saat
membicarakan tentang aktivis lingkungan.
membicarakan tentang aktivis lingkungan.
04:37
a term the FBI uses repeatedly when
talking about environmental activists.
talking about environmental activists.
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04:42
Now, keep in mind there are about 400
prisoners in US prisons
prisoners in US prisons
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Nah, ingat bahwa ada sekitar
400 tahanan di penjara Amerika
400 tahanan di penjara Amerika
yang dikategorikan sebagai teroris,
04:46
who are classified as terrorists,
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tapi hanya segelintir yang ada di CMU.
04:48
and only a handful of them
are in the CMUs.
are in the CMUs.
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04:51
In McGowan's case, he was previously
at a low-security prison
at a low-security prison
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Pada kasus McGowan, sebelumnya
ia ditempatkan di lapas terbuka
ia ditempatkan di lapas terbuka
dan ia tak melakukan
pelanggaran komunikasi apapun.
pelanggaran komunikasi apapun.
04:54
and he had no communications violations.
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04:59
So, why was he moved?
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Jadi, mengapa ia dipindahkan?
Seperti tahanan CMU lainnya,
05:02
Like other CMU prisoners,
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McGowan terus mencari jawaban,
sebuah pembelaan,
sebuah pembelaan,
05:03
McGowan repeatedly asked
for an answer, a hearing,
for an answer, a hearing,
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atau kesempatan untuk naik banding.
05:07
or some opportunity for an appeal.
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05:10
This example from another prisoner
shows how those requests are viewed.
shows how those requests are viewed.
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Contoh permintaan dari tahanan lain ini,
menunjukkan bagaimana permintaan tersebut
dipandang.
dipandang.
05:15
"Wants a transfer." "Told him no."
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"Ingin dipindahkan."
"Ditolak."
"Ditolak."
05:19
At one point, the prison warden himself
recommended McGowan's transfer
recommended McGowan's transfer
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Suatu ketika, sipir penjara sendiri yang
merekomendasikan pemindahan McGowan
merekomendasikan pemindahan McGowan
keluar dari CMU merujuk pada
perilakunya yang baik,
perilakunya yang baik,
05:23
out of the CMU citing his good behavior,
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namun permintaan sipir tersebut ditolak
05:26
but the warden was overruled
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oleh Unit Anti-terorisme Badan Penjara,
05:28
by the Bureau of Prison's
Counterterrorism Unit,
Counterterrorism Unit,
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yang bekerja sama dengan
Kelompok Kerja Gabungan Terorisme FBI.
Kelompok Kerja Gabungan Terorisme FBI.
05:31
working with the Joint Terrorism
Task Force of the FBI.
Task Force of the FBI.
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05:35
Later I found out that McGowan
was really sent to a CMU
was really sent to a CMU
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Belakangan, saya mengetahui
bahwa McGowan dikirim ke CMU
bahwa McGowan dikirim ke CMU
05:38
not because of what he did,
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bukan karena apa yang dilakukannya,
tapi karena perkataannya.
05:40
but what he has said.
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05:42
A memo from the Counterterrorism Unit
cited McGowan's "anti-government beliefs."
cited McGowan's "anti-government beliefs."
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Sebuah memo dari Unit Anti-terorisme
mengutip perkataan McGowan
mengutip perkataan McGowan
tentang "keyakinan anti-pemerintah."
05:48
While imprisoned, he continued writing
about environmental issues,
about environmental issues,
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Selama dipenjara, ia terus
menulis tentang isu-isu lingkungan,
menulis tentang isu-isu lingkungan,
mengatakan bahwa aktivis
harus bercermin dari kesalahan mereka
harus bercermin dari kesalahan mereka
05:51
saying that activists must
reflect on their mistakes
reflect on their mistakes
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05:54
and listen to each other.
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dan saling mendengarkan.
Sewajarnya, jika Anda pernah tinggal
barang sebentar di Washington, DC,
barang sebentar di Washington, DC,
05:56
Now, in fairness, if you've spent
any time at all in Washington, DC,
any time at all in Washington, DC,
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06:00
you know this is really a radical
concept for the government.
concept for the government.
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Anda akan tahu bahwa konsep ini dipandang
sangat radikal oleh pemerintah.
sangat radikal oleh pemerintah.
(Tawa)
06:04
(Laughter)
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06:06
I actually asked to visit
McGowan in the CMU.
McGowan in the CMU.
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Saya mengajukan permintaan untuk
mengunjungi McGowan di CMU.
mengunjungi McGowan di CMU.
06:10
And I was approved.
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Dan disetujui.
06:12
That came as quite a shock.
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Itu cukup mengejutkan.
Pertama, karena seperti yang pernah
saya bahas di sini sebelumnya,
saya bahas di sini sebelumnya,
06:14
First, because as I've discussed
on this stage before,
on this stage before,
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saya mengetahui bahwa
FBI telah mengawasi pekerjaan saya.
FBI telah mengawasi pekerjaan saya.
06:19
I learned that the FBI has been
monitoring my work.
monitoring my work.
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06:23
Second, because it would make me the first
and only journalist to visit a CMU.
and only journalist to visit a CMU.
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Kedua, saya akan menjadi jurnalis pertama
dan satu-satunya yang mengunjungi CMU.
dan satu-satunya yang mengunjungi CMU.
06:29
I had even learned
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Saya bahkan mengetahui
melalui Unit Anti-terorisme Badan Penjara,
06:30
through the Bureau of Prisons
Counterterrorism Unit,
Counterterrorism Unit,
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bahwa mereka mengawasi ceramah saya
tentang CMU, seperti saat ini.
tentang CMU, seperti saat ini.
06:33
that they had been monitoring my speeches
about CMUs, like this one.
about CMUs, like this one.
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06:39
So how could I possibly
be approved to visit?
be approved to visit?
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Jadi bagamana mungkin
saya diizinkan untuk berkunjung?
saya diizinkan untuk berkunjung?
06:43
A few days before I went
out to the prison, I got an answer.
out to the prison, I got an answer.
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Beberapa hari sebelum saya pergi ke sana,
saya mendapat jawabannya.
saya mendapat jawabannya.
06:48
I was allowed to visit McGowan
as a friend, not a journalist.
as a friend, not a journalist.
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Saya diizinkan untuk mengunjungi McGowan
sebagai teman, bukan jurnalis.
sebagai teman, bukan jurnalis.
Jurnalis tak diizinkan di sini.
06:52
Journalists are not allowed here.
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06:54
McGowan was told by CMU officials
that if I asked any questions
that if I asked any questions
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McGowan diberi tahu oleh petugas CMU
bahwa jika saya bertanya apapun
bahwa jika saya bertanya apapun
atau mempublikasikan cerita apapun,
06:58
or published any story,
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ia akan dihukum untuk laporan saya.
07:00
that he would be punished
for my reporting.
for my reporting.
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07:04
When I arrived for our visit,
the guards reminded me
the guards reminded me
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Waktu saya tiba, para penjaga mengingatkan
mereka tahu siapa saya
dan yang saya kerjakan.
dan yang saya kerjakan.
07:06
that they knew who I was
and knew about my work.
and knew about my work.
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Dan mereka bilang, jika saya
berusaha mewawancarai McGowan,
berusaha mewawancarai McGowan,
07:09
And they said that if I attempted
to interview McGowan,
to interview McGowan,
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07:11
the visit would be terminated.
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kunjungannya akan dibatalkan.
07:14
The Bureau of Prisons describes CMUs
as "self-contained housing units."
as "self-contained housing units."
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Badan Penjara menggambarkan CMU
sebagai "unit tahanan mandiri."
sebagai "unit tahanan mandiri."
07:20
But I think that's an Orwellian way
of describing black holes.
of describing black holes.
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Tapi menurut saya itu hanyalah taktik
untuk menggambarkan lubang hitam.
untuk menggambarkan lubang hitam.
Ketika berkunjung ke CMU,
07:24
When you visit a CMU,
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Anda melalui serangkaian pos pemeriksaan
yang normal untuk penjara.
yang normal untuk penjara.
07:25
you go through all the security
checkpoints that you would expect.
checkpoints that you would expect.
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07:29
But then the walk
to the visitation room is silent.
to the visitation room is silent.
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Tapi kemudian perjalanan
ke lokasi berkunjung, sunyi.
ke lokasi berkunjung, sunyi.
07:33
When a CMU prisoner has a visit,
the rest of the prison is on lockdown.
the rest of the prison is on lockdown.
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Ketika tahanan CMU mendapat kunjungan,
penjara dalam kondisi pengurungan.
penjara dalam kondisi pengurungan.
07:39
I was ushered into a small room,
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Saya digiring ke ruangan kecil,
saking kecilnya, tangan saya yang
terentang dapat menyentung sisi dinding.
terentang dapat menyentung sisi dinding.
07:40
so small my outstretched arms
could touch each wall.
could touch each wall.
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07:44
There was a grapefruit-sized
orb in the ceiling
orb in the ceiling
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Ada benda bulat sebesar jeruk
di langit-langit
di langit-langit
agar Unit Anti-terorisme bisa
mengawasi kunjungan
mengawasi kunjungan
07:47
for the visit to be live-monitored
by the Counterterrorism Unit
by the Counterterrorism Unit
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dari Virginia Barat.
07:50
in West Virginia.
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07:52
The unit insists that all the visits
have to be in English for CMU prisoners,
have to be in English for CMU prisoners,
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Unit Anti-terorisme bersikeras, kunjungan
tahanan CMU harus dalam bahasa Inggris,
tahanan CMU harus dalam bahasa Inggris,
yang menambah kesulitan
bagi kebanyakan keluarga Muslim.
bagi kebanyakan keluarga Muslim.
07:57
which is an additional hardship
for many of the Muslim families.
for many of the Muslim families.
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08:00
There is a thick sheet of foggy,
bulletproof glass
bulletproof glass
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Ada selembar kaca tebal buram
yang anti peluru
yang anti peluru
dan di baliknya ada Daniel McGowan.
08:04
and on the other side was Daniel McGowan.
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08:08
We spoke through these handsets
attached to the wall
attached to the wall
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Kami bicara melalui gagang telepon
di dinding
di dinding
dan membahas buku dan film.
08:10
and talked about books and movies.
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Kami berusaha sebisa mungkin
untuk tertawa.
untuk tertawa.
08:13
We did our best to find reasons to laugh.
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08:16
To fight boredom and amuse himself
while in the CMU,
while in the CMU,
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Untuk mengatasi kebosanan
dan menghibur diri saat di CMU,
dan menghibur diri saat di CMU,
McGowan telah menyebar gosip
bahwa saya diam-diam adalah
bahwa saya diam-diam adalah
08:19
McGowan had been spreading a rumor
that I was secretly the president
that I was secretly the president
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presiden klub penggemar Twilight
di Washington, DC.
di Washington, DC.
08:23
of a Twilight fan club in Washington, DC
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(Tawa)
08:27
(Laughter)
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08:29
For the record, I'm not.
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Sebagai catatan, itu tidak benar.
(Tawa)
08:32
(Laughter)
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08:33
But I kind of the hope the FBI
now thinks that Bella and Edward
now thinks that Bella and Edward
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Tapi saya sedikit berharap FBI
sekarang berpikir Bella dan Edward
sekarang berpikir Bella dan Edward
adalah kode nama teroris.
08:37
are terrorist code names.
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(Tawa)
08:39
(Laughter)
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08:42
During our visit, McGowan spoke most
and at length about his niece Lily,
and at length about his niece Lily,
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Selama kunjungan saya, McGowan
banyak bicara tentang keponakannya, Lily,
banyak bicara tentang keponakannya, Lily,
istrinya Jenny, dan betapa tersiksanya ia
karena tak pernah bisa memeluk mereka,
karena tak pernah bisa memeluk mereka,
08:48
his wife Jenny and how torturous
it feels to never be able to hug them,
it feels to never be able to hug them,
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tak pernah bisa menggenggam tangan mereka.
08:54
to never be able to hold their hands.
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08:58
Three months after our visit, McGowan
was transferred out of the CMU
was transferred out of the CMU
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Tiga bulan setelah kunjungan kami,
McGowan dipindahkan dari CMU
McGowan dipindahkan dari CMU
dan lalu, tanpa pemberitahuan,
ia dikembalikan ke CMU.
ia dikembalikan ke CMU.
09:01
and then, without warning,
he was sent back again.
he was sent back again.
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09:05
I had published leaked
CMU documents on my website
CMU documents on my website
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Saya telah mempublikasikan
dokumen CMU yang bocor di situs saya
dokumen CMU yang bocor di situs saya
dan Unit Anti-terorisme mengatakan
bahwa McGowan menelepon istrinya
bahwa McGowan menelepon istrinya
09:10
and the Counterterrorism Unit said
that McGowan had called his wife
that McGowan had called his wife
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dan memintanya untuk
mengirimkan dokumen tersebut.
mengirimkan dokumen tersebut.
09:13
and asked her to mail them.
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09:16
He wanted to see what the government
was saying about him,
was saying about him,
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Ia mau tahu apa yang dikatakan
pemerintah tentangnya,
pemerintah tentangnya,
dan karenanya ia dikembalikan ke CMU.
09:19
and for that he was sent back to the CMU.
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09:21
When he was finally released
at the end of his sentence,
at the end of his sentence,
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Ketika ia akhirnya dibebaskan
di akhir masa hukumannya,
di akhir masa hukumannya,
kisahnya menjadi semakin rumit dan aneh.
09:24
his story got even more Kafkaesque.
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09:27
He wrote an article
for the Huffington Post headlined,
for the Huffington Post headlined,
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Ia menulis artikel untuk
berita utama Huffington Post,
berita utama Huffington Post,
"Dokumen pengadilan membuktikan, saya
dikirim ke CMU karena pidato politik."
dikirim ke CMU karena pidato politik."
09:29
"Court Documents Prove I was Sent to
a CMU for my Political Speech."
a CMU for my Political Speech."
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09:34
The next day he was thrown
back in jail for his political speech.
back in jail for his political speech.
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Esoknya, ia kembali dipenjara
karena pidato politiknya.
karena pidato politiknya.
Pengacaranya segera
mengajukan pembebasannya,
mengajukan pembebasannya,
09:40
His attorneys quickly secured his release,
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09:42
but the message was very clear:
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tapi pesannya sangat jelas:
Jangan bicara tentang tempat ini.
09:45
Don't talk about this place.
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09:48
Today, nine years after they were opened
by the Bush administration,
by the Bush administration,
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Hari ini, sembilan tahun sejak CMU dibuka
oleh pemerintahan Bush,
oleh pemerintahan Bush,
pemerintah mengkodifikasi
bagaimana dan mengapa CMU dibuat.
bagaimana dan mengapa CMU dibuat.
09:53
the government is codifying
how and why CMUs were created.
how and why CMUs were created.
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Menurut Badan Penjara,
09:57
According to the Bureau of Prisons,
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CMU adalah untuk para tahanan
dengan "inspirasi tertentu."
dengan "inspirasi tertentu."
09:59
they are for prisoners
with "inspirational significance."
with "inspirational significance."
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10:04
I think that is very nice way of saying
these are political prisons
these are political prisons
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Saya rasa itu adalah cara halus mengatakan
bahwa ini adalah penjara politik
bahwa ini adalah penjara politik
untuk tahanan politik.
10:08
for political prisoners.
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10:10
Prisoners are sent to a CMU
because of their race,
because of their race,
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Narapidana dikirim ke CMU
karena ras mereka,
karena ras mereka,
agama mereka, atau
keyakinan politik mereka.
keyakinan politik mereka.
10:13
their religion or their
political beliefs.
political beliefs.
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10:16
Now, if you think that
characterization is too strong,
characterization is too strong,
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Nah, jika Anda pikir
karakterisasi tersebut terlalu kuat,
karakterisasi tersebut terlalu kuat,
lihat saja beberapa
dokumen milik pemerintah.
dokumen milik pemerintah.
10:19
just look at some
of the government's own documents.
of the government's own documents.
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Ketika beberapa surat McGowan ditolak
oleh CMU, pengirimnya diberi tahu
oleh CMU, pengirimnya diberi tahu
10:22
When some of McGowan's mail was rejected
by the CMU, the sender was told
by the CMU, the sender was told
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bahwa itu karena surat-suratnya ditujukan
"pada tahanan politik."
"pada tahanan politik."
10:26
it's because the letters were intended
"for political prisoners."
"for political prisoners."
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10:31
When another prisoner, animal rights
activist Andy Stepanian,
activist Andy Stepanian,
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Ketika tahanan lainnya, aktivis hak hewan
Andy Stepanian, dikirim ke CMU,
Andy Stepanian, dikirim ke CMU,
10:35
was sent to a CMU, it was because of his
anti-government and anti-corporate views.
anti-government and anti-corporate views.
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itu dikarenakan pandangannya yang
anti pemerintah dan anti korporasi.
anti pemerintah dan anti korporasi.
10:41
Now, I know all of this
may be hard to believe,
may be hard to believe,
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Nah, saya tahu, semua ini sulit dipercaya,
bahwa hal ini terjadi saat ini di Amerika.
10:44
that it's happening right now,
and in the United States.
and in the United States.
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10:49
But the unknown reality
is that the US has a dark history
is that the US has a dark history
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Tapi kenyataan yang tak kita ketahui
bahwa Amerika punya masa lalu gelap
bahwa Amerika punya masa lalu gelap
menjatuhkan hukuman secara tidak adil
karena keyakinan politik seseorang.
karena keyakinan politik seseorang.
10:52
of disproportionately punishing people
because of their political beliefs.
because of their political beliefs.
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10:57
In the 1960s, before Marion
was home to the CMU,
was home to the CMU,
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Tahun 1960-an,
sebelum CMU dibuka di Marion,
sebelum CMU dibuka di Marion,
Marion memiliki Unit Kendali
yang terkenal kejam.
yang terkenal kejam.
11:02
it was home to the notorious Control Unit.
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11:05
Prisoners were locked down
in solitary for 22 hours a day.
in solitary for 22 hours a day.
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Para tahanan dikurung dalam ruang isolasi
22 jam sehari.
22 jam sehari.
11:10
The warden said the unit
was to "control revolutionary attitudes."
was to "control revolutionary attitudes."
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Sipir mengatakan bahwa unit tersebut
untuk "mengendalikan sikap revolusioner."
untuk "mengendalikan sikap revolusioner."
11:16
In the 1980s, another experiment called
the Lexington High Security Unit
the Lexington High Security Unit
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Tahun 1980-an, percobaan lain yang disebut
Lexington High Security Unit
Lexington High Security Unit
menahan wanita yang terhubung dengan
Weather Underground,
Weather Underground,
11:21
held women connected
to the Weather Underground,
to the Weather Underground,
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2428
11:24
Black Liberation and Puerto Rican
independent struggles.
independent struggles.
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Black Liberation,
dan perjuangan kemerdekaan Puerto Riko.
dan perjuangan kemerdekaan Puerto Riko.
11:27
The prison radically restricted
communication and used sleep deprivation,
communication and used sleep deprivation,
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Penjara melarang komunikasi dalam bentuk
apa pun
apa pun
dan mengurangi waktu tidur narapidana
11:32
and constant light for so-called
"ideological conversion."
"ideological conversion."
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dan pencahayaan konstan untuk melakukan
yang disebut "konversi ideologis."
yang disebut "konversi ideologis."
11:37
Those prisons were eventually shut down,
but only through the campaigning
but only through the campaigning
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Penjara seperti ini akhirnya ditutup
tapi hanya setelah kampanye kelompok agama
11:43
of religious groups and human rights
advocates, like Amnesty International.
advocates, like Amnesty International.
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dan advokat HAM seperti
Amnesty International.
Amnesty International.
11:48
Today, civil rights lawyers
with the Center for Constitutional Rights
with the Center for Constitutional Rights
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Sekarang, pengacara hak sipil
dari Pusat Hak-Hak Konstitusi
dari Pusat Hak-Hak Konstitusi
menantang CMU di pengadilan
11:52
are challenging CMUs in court
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karena mencabut hak tahanan untuk
mendapatkan pemrosesan hukum
mendapatkan pemrosesan hukum
11:54
for depriving prisoners
of their due process rights
of their due process rights
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11:57
and for retaliating against them
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dan untuk membalas dendam pada mereka
atas pidato politik dan religius mereka
yang dilindungi [Undang-Undang].
yang dilindungi [Undang-Undang].
11:59
for their protected political
and religious speech.
and religious speech.
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12:03
Many of these documents would have
never come to light without this lawsuit.
never come to light without this lawsuit.
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3668
Banyak dokumen ini tak akan pernah muncul
tanpa tuntutan ini.
tanpa tuntutan ini.
12:08
The message of these groups
and my message for you today
and my message for you today
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Pesan dari kelompok ini dan
pesan saya untuk Anda hari ini
pesan saya untuk Anda hari ini
adalah kita harus menjadi saksi atas
12:13
is that we must bear witness
to what is being done to these prisoners.
to what is being done to these prisoners.
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apa yang sudah dilakukan terhadap
para tahanan ini.
para tahanan ini.
12:16
Their treatment is a reflection
of the values held beyond prison walls.
of the values held beyond prison walls.
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5043
Perlakuan yang mereka terima adalah
cerminan nilai yang dijunjung
cerminan nilai yang dijunjung
di balik tembok penjara.
12:22
This story is not just about prisoners.
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2616
Kisah ini bukan hanya tentang
para narapidana.
para narapidana.
Tapi juga mengenai kita,
12:24
It is about us.
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2024
mengenai komitmen kita
akan hak asasi manusia,
akan hak asasi manusia,
12:27
It is about our own commitment
to human rights.
to human rights.
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2747
apakah kita memiliih untuk berhenti
mengulangi kesalahan masa lalu.
mengulangi kesalahan masa lalu.
12:29
It is about whether we will choose to stop
repeating the mistakes of our past.
repeating the mistakes of our past.
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4725
12:35
If we don't listen to what Father Berrigan
described as the stories of the dead,
described as the stories of the dead,
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5032
Jika kita tak mendengar yang digambarkan
Pastor Berrigan sebagai kisah orang mati,
Pastor Berrigan sebagai kisah orang mati,
tak lama ia akan menjadi
kisah diri kita sendiri.
kisah diri kita sendiri.
12:40
they will soon become
the stories of ourselves.
the stories of ourselves.
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2463
12:42
Thank you.
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1150
Terima kasih.
(Tepuk tangan)
12:44
(Applause)
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2698
12:51
(Applause ends)
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Tom Rielly:
Saya punya beberapa pertanyaan.
Saya punya beberapa pertanyaan.
12:53
Tom Rielly: I have a couple questions.
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12:55
When I was in high school,
I learned about the Bill of Rights,
I learned about the Bill of Rights,
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3928
Di SMU, saya belajar tentang UU HAM,
UUD, kebebasan berbicara,
12:59
the Constitution, freedom of speech,
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2896
hak pemrosesan hukum,
dan sekitar 25 hukum dan hak lainnya
dan sekitar 25 hukum dan hak lainnya
13:02
due process and
about 25 other laws and rights
about 25 other laws and rights
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yang sepertinya telah dilanggar
oleh apa yang Anda ceritakan.
oleh apa yang Anda ceritakan.
13:07
that seem to be violated by this.
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13:09
How could this possibly be happening?
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2704
Bagaimana ini bisa terjadi?
Will Potter: Saya rasa itu
adalah pertanyaan nomor satu
adalah pertanyaan nomor satu
13:12
Will Potter: I think that's
the number one question I get
the number one question I get
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2691
sepanjang karir saya,
13:15
throughout all of my work,
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1987
dan jawabannya singkatnya adalah,
karena orang-orang tidak tahu.
karena orang-orang tidak tahu.
13:17
and the short answer is
that people don't know.
that people don't know.
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3134
13:20
I think the solution to any of these types
of situations, any rights abuses,
of situations, any rights abuses,
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3891
Menurut saya, solusi atas situasi
seperti ini, pelanggaran hak apapun,
seperti ini, pelanggaran hak apapun,
benar-benar tergantung pada dua hal.
13:24
are really dependent on two things.
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1693
13:26
They're dependent on knowledge
that it's actually happening
that it's actually happening
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2796
Yaitu pengetahuan bahwa hal itu terjadi,
dan cara dan upaya efektif
untuk benar-benar membuat perubahan.
untuk benar-benar membuat perubahan.
13:29
and then a means and efficacy
to actually make a change.
to actually make a change.
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Dan sayangnya dengan para tahanan ini,
13:33
And unfortunately with these prisoners,
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pertama, orang-orang sama sekali
tak tahu apa yang terjadi,
tak tahu apa yang terjadi,
13:35
one, people don't know
what's happening at all
what's happening at all
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2575
13:38
and then they're already
disenfranchised populations
disenfranchised populations
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2588
dan mereka sudah menjadi masyarakat
yang kehilangan haknya,
yang kehilangan haknya,
13:41
who don't have access to attorneys,
not native English speakers.
not native English speakers.
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4032
yang tak punya akses ke pengacara,
bahasa ibu mereka bukan bahasa Inggris.
bahasa ibu mereka bukan bahasa Inggris.
Pada beberapa kasus, mereka mendapat
pembelaan bagus yang saya sebutkan tadi,
pembelaan bagus yang saya sebutkan tadi,
13:45
In some of these cases, they have great
representation that I mentioned,
representation that I mentioned,
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13:48
but there's just not a public awareness
of what's happening.
of what's happening.
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3062
tapi tetap tidak ada kesadaran publik
tentang apa yang terjadi.
tentang apa yang terjadi.
13:51
TR: Isn't it guaranteed in prison
that you have right to council
that you have right to council
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TR: Bukankah di penjara dijamin bahwa
seseorang punya hak mendapat pengacara?
seseorang punya hak mendapat pengacara?
13:54
or access to council?
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WP: Ada kecenderungan dalam budaya kita
13:56
WP: There's a tendency in our culture
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13:58
to see when people have been
convicted of a crime,
convicted of a crime,
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untuk memandang saat seseorang didakwa
atas suatu kejahatan,
atas suatu kejahatan,
tak peduli tuduhannya palsu atau sah,
14:01
no matter if that charge
was bogus or legitimate,
was bogus or legitimate,
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apapun yang terjadi pada mereka
sesudahnya sudah sepantasnya.
sesudahnya sudah sepantasnya.
14:03
that whatever happens to them
after that is warranted.
after that is warranted.
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Dan menurut saya itu adalah narasi
yang merusak dan berbahaya,
yang merusak dan berbahaya,
14:06
And I think that's a really damaging
and dangerous narrative that we have,
and dangerous narrative that we have,
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yang membuat hal-hal semacam ini terjadi,
14:10
that allows these types
of things to happen,
of things to happen,
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karena masyarakat awam
seperti menutup mata saja.
seperti menutup mata saja.
14:12
as the general public just
kind of turns a blind eye to it.
kind of turns a blind eye to it.
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TR: Semua dokumen yang ditunjukkan tadi
asli dan benar, kata demi kata,
asli dan benar, kata demi kata,
14:16
TR: All those documents on screen
were all real documents, word for word,
were all real documents, word for word,
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tak diubah sedikit pun, kan?
14:21
unchanged at all, right?
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WP: Tentu saja. Saya sudah
mengunggah semuanya di situs saya.
mengunggah semuanya di situs saya.
14:23
WP: Absolutely. I've actually uploaded
all of them to my website.
all of them to my website.
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Alamatnya willpotter.com/CMU dan
merupakan versi catatan kaki ceramah ini,
merupakan versi catatan kaki ceramah ini,
14:26
It's willpotter.com/CMU and it's
a footnoted version of the talk,
a footnoted version of the talk,
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jadi Anda bisa lihat sendiri dokumennya
tanpa dipotong sedikitpun.
tanpa dipotong sedikitpun.
14:31
so you can see the documents for yourself
without the little snippets.
without the little snippets.
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Anda bisa lihat versi utuhnya.
14:34
You can see the full version.
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14:36
I relied overwhelmingly
on primary source documents
on primary source documents
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Saya sangat mengandalkan
dokumen primer
dokumen primer
atau wawancara langsung
dengan tahanan atau mantan tahanan,
dengan tahanan atau mantan tahanan,
14:39
or on primary interviews
with former and current prisoners,
with former and current prisoners,
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dengan orang yang berurusan
dengan situasi ini setiap hari.
dengan situasi ini setiap hari.
14:42
with people that are dealing
with this situation every day.
with this situation every day.
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Dan seperti saya katakan,
saya juga pernah ke sana.
saya juga pernah ke sana.
14:45
And like I said, I've been
there myself, as well.
there myself, as well.
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TR: Anda sangat berani.
14:47
TR: You're doing courageous work.
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14:49
WP: Thank you very much. Thank you all.
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WP: Terima kasih banyak.
Terima kasih semuanya.
Terima kasih semuanya.
14:51
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Will Potter - Investigative journalistAward-winning journalist and author, Will Potter focuses on the animal rights and environmental movements, and civil liberties in the post-9/11 era.
Why you should listen
Independent journalist and TED Fellow Will Potter is based in Washington, D.C.; his current work examines how whistleblowers and non-violent protesters are being treated as terrorists.
The author of Green Is The New Red: An Insider's Account of a Social Movement Under Siege, Potter has extensively documented how non-violent protest is slowly being criminalized. His reporting and commentary have been featured in the world's top media outlets, including the Washington Post, NPR, Rolling Stone, El Pais, and Le Monde. He has testified before the U.S. Congress about his reporting, as the only witness opposing the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act -- and he is a plaintiff in the first lawsuits challenging so-called "ag-gag" laws as unconstitutional.
Will has also lectured at many universities and public forums about his work, including Georgetown University, Harvard Law School, and the House of Democracy and Human Rights in Berlin. International speaking tours have included Germany, Austria, Switzerland, New Zealand, and Spain, and he was the international guest lecturer for Australia's 2014 animal law lecture series.
His reporting has overturned criminal prosecutions, and it has both been praised in Congressional reports and monitored by the Counter-Terrorism Unit.
Will Potter | Speaker | TED.com