ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Will Potter - Investigative journalist
Award-winning journalist and author, Will Potter focuses on the animal rights and environmental movements, and civil liberties in the post-9/11 era.

Why you should listen

Independent journalist and TED Fellow Will Potter is based in Washington, D.C.; his current work examines how whistleblowers and non-violent protesters are being treated as terrorists.

The author of Green Is The New Red: An Insider's Account of a Social Movement Under Siege, Potter has extensively documented how non-violent protest is slowly being criminalized. His reporting and commentary have been featured in the world's top media outlets, including the Washington Post, NPR, Rolling Stone, El Pais, and Le Monde. He has testified before the U.S. Congress about his reporting, as the only witness opposing the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act -- and he is a plaintiff in the first lawsuits challenging so-called "ag-gag" laws as unconstitutional.

Will has also lectured at many universities and public forums about his work, including Georgetown University, Harvard Law School, and the House of Democracy and Human Rights in Berlin. International speaking tours have included Germany, Austria, Switzerland, New Zealand, and Spain, and he was the international guest lecturer for Australia's 2014 animal law lecture series.

His reporting has overturned criminal prosecutions, and it has both been praised in Congressional reports and monitored by the Counter-Terrorism Unit.

More profile about the speaker
Will Potter | Speaker | TED.com
TED Fellows Retreat 2015

Will Potter: The secret US prisons you've never heard of before

威尔·波特: 关于美国监狱,你从未听过的秘密

Filmed:
4,502,663 views

调查记者威尔·波特,是唯一一个曾经进入“通信管制监狱”(简称CMU),与联邦囚犯进行交流的人。这些部门被秘密地启用,限制囚犯的基本待遇——甚至禁止他们拥抱自己的孩子。波特,作为TED成员,让我们知道了是谁被关押在这里,政府又是如何试图隐藏他们。“只有一点是明确的,”他说,“不要谈论这个地方。” 关于这次演讲的资料,参见: willpotter.com/cmu
- Investigative journalist
Award-winning journalist and author, Will Potter focuses on the animal rights and environmental movements, and civil liberties in the post-9/11 era. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Father父亲 Daniel丹尼尔 BerriganBerrigan once一旦 said
that "writing写作 about prisoners囚犯
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丹尼尔·贝里根神父曾经说过
“描写囚犯,就像在描写死人。”
00:16
is a little like writing写作 about the dead."
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00:19
I think what he meant意味着 is that
we treat对待 prisoners囚犯 as ghosts.
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我认为他的意思是
我们对待囚犯就像幽灵。
00:22
They're unseen看不见 and unheard闻所未闻.
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他们从未被听到和看到。
00:25
It's easy简单 to simply只是 ignore忽视 them
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要忽略他们实在太容易了,
00:27
and it's even easier更轻松 when the government政府
goes to great lengths长度 to keep them hidden.
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尤其是在政府
竭力隐藏的情况下。
00:31
As a journalist记者, I think these stories故事
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作为一个记者,我觉得那些故事,
00:33
of what people in power功率 do
when no one is watching观看,
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那些关于掌权者,在
无人所知的地方所做的事,
00:37
are precisely恰恰 the stories故事
that we need to tell.
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都应该被人们了解。
00:40
That's why I began开始 investigating调查
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这就是我为什么开始调查
00:41
the most secretive隐秘 and experimental试验
prison监狱 units单位 in the United联合的 States状态,
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美国给所谓的
“二线恐怖分子”设立的
最隐秘、也最具实验性的监狱部门。
00:45
for so-called所谓 "second-tier第二层" terrorists恐怖分子.
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00:49
The government政府 calls电话 these units单位
Communications通讯 Management管理 Units单位 or CMUs的CMU.
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政府称这些部门为
“通信管制监狱”, 也就是CMUs
00:54
Prisoners囚犯 and guards卫士 call them
"Little Guantanamo关塔那摩."
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而囚犯和狱警却将它称为
“小关塔那摩”。
00:58
They are islands岛屿 unto themselves他们自己.
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它们与世隔绝。
01:01
But unlike不像 Gitmo关塔那摩 they exist存在
right here, at home,
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但与关塔那摩监狱不同的是:
它们就在这里,在我们的国家,
01:05
floating漂浮的 within larger federal联邦 prisons监狱.
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悬浮于更大的联邦监狱内部。
01:09
There are 2 CMUs的CMU.
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有两个CMUs。
01:10
One was opened打开 inside the prison监狱
in Terre渔村 Haute高级定制, Indiana印地安那,
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一个建在印第安纳州
特雷霍特的监狱内部,
01:14
and the other is inside this prison监狱,
in Marion马里昂, Illinois伊利诺伊.
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而另一个,在这个监狱里,
位于伊利诺伊州,马里昂。
01:18
Neither也不 of them underwent后行
the formal正式 review评论 process处理
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他们中的任何一个,
在被启用时,
01:21
that is required需要 by law
when they were opened打开.
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都没有经过法律要求的
正式审核程序。
01:25
CMUCMU prisoners囚犯 have all
been convicted被定罪 of crimes犯罪.
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CMU里面的囚犯皆被判为有罪。
01:28
Some of their cases are questionable可疑的
and some involve涉及 threats威胁 and violence暴力.
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但其中一些案子尚存疑点,
还有一些涉及恐吓威胁和暴力。
01:33
I'm not here to argue争论 the guilt有罪
or innocence无辜 of any prisoner囚犯.
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我不是要在这里
争论囚犯有罪与否。
01:36
I'm here because as Supreme最高 Court法庭 Justice正义
Thurgood瑟古德 Marshall马歇尔 said,
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我在这里,是因为
最高法院大法官瑟古德·马歇尔曾说过
01:39
"When the prisons监狱 and gates slam猛撞 shut关闭,
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“当监狱大门砰一声关上时,
01:42
prisoners囚犯 do not lose失去
their human人的 quality质量."
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囚犯们并没有丧失
他们身为人的特性。”
01:46
Every一切 prisoner囚犯 I've interviewed采访
has said there are three flecks斑点 of light
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我采访过的每一位囚犯都说,
在黑暗的监狱里只有三件事
给他们带来微弱的光亮:
01:51
in the darkness黑暗 of prison监狱:
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01:53
phone电话 calls电话,
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接电话、
01:54
letters
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收信、
01:56
and visits访问 from family家庭.
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还有家属探监。
01:58
CMUs的CMU aren't solitary confinement坐月子,
but they radically根本 restrict限制 all of these
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CMUs 并没有将罪犯隔离关押,
但他们对囚犯行为的全面限制
02:02
to levels水平 that meet遇到 or exceed超过 the most
extreme极端 prisons监狱 in the United联合的 States状态.
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严格到超过了
美国最严苛的监狱。
02:06
Their phone电话 calls电话 can be limited有限
to 45 minutes分钟 a month,
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他们的通话时间
被限制在每月45分钟,
02:09
compared相比 to the 300 minutes分钟
other prisoners囚犯 receive接收.
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而别的囚犯可以获得300分钟。
02:14
Their letters can be limited有限
to six pieces of paper.
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他们的信件来往限制在6页纸以内。
02:17
Their visits访问 can be limited有限
to four hours小时 per month,
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每月的家属探视时间
只有4个小时,
02:19
compared相比 to the 35 hours小时 that people
like Olympic奥林匹克 Park公园 bomber轰炸机 Eric埃里克 Rudolph鲁道夫
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与之相反,就连奥林匹克公园爆炸案
的始作俑者,埃里克·鲁道夫
02:25
receive接收 in the supermax无敌.
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最多都能有35个小时。
02:28
On top最佳 of that, CMUCMU visits访问 are non-contact非接触式
which哪一个 means手段 prisoners囚犯 are not allowed允许
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最重要的是,
CMU的探视是非接触式的,
也就是说,囚犯们甚至
不能拥抱自己的家人。
02:33
to even hug拥抱 their family家庭.
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02:36
As one CMUCMU prisoner囚犯 said,
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就像一位CMU囚犯说的:
02:38
"We're not being存在 tortured折磨 here,
except psychologically心理."
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“在这里,我们确实没被酷刑折磨,
我们只受到精神上的折磨。”
02:42
The government政府 won't惯于 say
who is imprisoned囚禁 here.
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政府不会透露
谁被关押在这里。
02:45
But through通过 court法庭 documents文件,
open打开 records记录 requests要求
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但通过法院的文件、
请求公开的记录
02:49
and interviews面试 with current当前
and former前任的 prisoners囚犯,
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和我们对现任、前任囚犯的采访,
02:51
some small windows视窗
into the CMUs的CMU have opened打开.
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我们打开了一些
通往CMUs的小窗口。
02:56
There's an estimated预计
60 to 70 prisoners囚犯 here,
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这里大约有60到70名囚犯,
02:59
and they're overwhelmingly压倒性 Muslim穆斯林.
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其中大多数是穆斯林。
03:01
They include包括 people like Dr博士. RafilRafil DhafirDhafir,
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其中包括Rafil Dhafir博士
这样的人,
03:05
who violated违反 the economic经济 sanctions制裁
on Iraq伊拉克 by sending发出 medical supplies耗材
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他因为给伊拉克的儿童
寄送医疗用品,违反了
对伊拉克的经济制裁禁令。
03:09
for the children孩子 there.
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03:11
They've他们已经 included包括 people like Yassin亚辛 Aref阿里夫.
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其中也包括Yassin Aref
这样的人。
03:14
Aref阿里夫 and his family家庭 fled逃离 to New York纽约
from Saddam萨达姆 Hussein's侯赛因 Iraq伊拉克 as refugees难民.
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Aref和他的家人作为难民,
从萨达姆统治下的伊拉克逃到纽约。
03:20
He was arrested被捕 in 2004
as part部分 of an FBI联邦调查局 sting.
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他在2004年,一次
FBI的行动中被捕。
03:24
Aref阿里夫 is an imam阿訇 and he was asked
to bear witness见证 to a loan贷款,
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Aref作为伊玛目(伊斯兰教长),
曾被要求为一笔贷款做担保,
03:28
which哪一个 is a tradition传统 in Islamic清真 culture文化.
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这是伊斯兰文化的传统。
03:30
It turned转身 out that one of the people
involved参与 in the loan贷款 was trying to enlist招募
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但后来发现贷款的其中一人
试图招募别的人
参与一场伪装袭击。
03:34
someone有人 else其他 in a fake attack攻击.
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Aref对此并不知情。
03:37
Aref阿里夫 didn't know.
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03:39
For that, he was convicted被定罪
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就因为这个,他被判处
03:40
of conspiracy阴谋 to provide提供 material材料 support支持
to a terrorist恐怖分子 group.
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密谋为恐怖组织提供物质支持。
03:46
The CMUs的CMU also include包括
some non-Muslim非穆斯林 prisoners囚犯.
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在CMUs里同样
有一些非穆斯林囚犯。
03:49
The guards卫士 call them "balancers平衡器,"
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警卫称他们为“平衡者”。
03:52
meaning含义 they help balance平衡 out
the racial种族 numbers数字,
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意思是他们的存在
平衡了(囚犯的)种族人数,
03:55
in hopes希望 of deflecting偏转 law suits西装.
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监狱借此逃脱法律指控。
03:58
These balancers平衡器 include包括 animal动物 rights权利
and environmental环境的 activists活动家
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这些平衡者里包括
动物权益和环保主义激进分子
04:01
like Daniel丹尼尔 McGowan麦高文.
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比如Daniel McGowan。
04:03
McGowan麦高文 was convicted被定罪
of participating参与 in two arsons纵火
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McGowan被判决
参与了两次
由地球解放阵线发起的
以保卫环境为名的纵火案件。
04:06
in the name名称 of defending卫冕 the environment环境
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04:08
as part部分 of the Earth地球 Liberation解放 Front面前.
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04:11
During his sentencing宣判, he was afraid害怕
that he would be sent发送
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在他的判决中,
他害怕自己被送进
04:14
to a rumored传闻 secret秘密 prison监狱 for terrorists恐怖分子.
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据说是关押恐怖分子的“秘密监狱”。
04:17
The judge法官 dismissed驳回 all those fears恐惧,
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法官对他的恐惧不予任何考虑,
04:19
saying that they
weren't supported支持的 by any facts事实.
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称没有任何事实可以支撑这一谣言。
04:22
But that might威力 be because the government政府
hasn't有没有 fully充分 explained解释
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但那恐怕是因为政府从未完全解释过
04:25
why some prisoners囚犯 end结束 up in a CMUCMU,
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为什么有些囚犯会被送进CMU,
04:28
and who is responsible主管
for these decisions决定.
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而这些决策又是由谁负责做出的。
04:32
When McGowan麦高文 was transferred转入, he was told
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当McGowan被递交监狱时,
04:34
it's because he is a "domestic国内 terrorist恐怖分子,"
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他被告知,是因为
他是一名“国内恐怖分子”,
04:37
a term术语 the FBI联邦调查局 uses使用 repeatedly反复 when
talking about environmental环境的 activists活动家.
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这一术语被FBI大量地
用于形容环境保护主义者。
04:42
Now, keep in mind心神 there are about 400
prisoners囚犯 in US prisons监狱
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然而,要知道:
美国的监狱里
有大约400名囚犯
被分类为“恐怖分子”,
04:46
who are classified分类 as terrorists恐怖分子,
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但只有屈指可数的一些
被关在CMUs里。
04:48
and only a handful少数 of them
are in the CMUs的CMU.
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04:51
In McGowan's麦高恩的 case案件, he was previously先前
at a low-security低安全性 prison监狱
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在McGowan的案子里,
他明显是一个低危险系数的犯人,
04:54
and he had no communications通讯 violations违规.
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显然,他也不会有任何
威胁性的通信行为。
04:59
So, why was he moved移动?
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那么,为什么他会被送进去?
05:02
Like other CMUCMU prisoners囚犯,
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像其他的CMU囚犯一样,
05:03
McGowan麦高文 repeatedly反复 asked
for an answer回答, a hearing听力,
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McGowan不断地要求
一个回答、一次倾听、
或者一个上诉的机会。
05:07
or some opportunity机会 for an appeal上诉.
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05:10
This example from another另一个 prisoner囚犯
shows节目 how those requests要求 are viewed观看.
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这个例子来自别的犯人,证实了
他们的申请是如何被审核的。
05:15
"Wants a transfer转让." "Told him no."
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“希望转移(到别的监狱)。”
“告诉他不可能。”
05:19
At one point, the prison监狱 warden看守 himself他自己
recommended推荐的 McGowan's麦高恩的 transfer转让
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甚至有一次,监狱长他自己
都建议鉴于McGowan的优秀表现
05:23
out of the CMUCMU citing引用 his good behavior行为,
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将他移出CMU监狱,
05:26
but the warden看守 was overruled否决
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但被监狱局与FBI联合反恐特遣部队
合作的监狱反恐部门驳回了请求。
05:28
by the Bureau of Prison's监狱
Counterterrorism反恐 Unit单元,
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05:31
working加工 with the Joint联合 Terrorism恐怖主义
Task任务 Force of the FBI联邦调查局.
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05:35
Later后来 I found发现 out that McGowan麦高文
was really sent发送 to a CMUCMU
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后来我发现,McGowan
被送进CMU的真正原因
05:38
not because of what he did,
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不是因为他做了什么,
05:40
but what he has said.
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而是他说过的话。
05:42
A memo备忘录 from the Counterterrorism反恐 Unit单元
cited引用 McGowan's麦高恩的 "anti-government反政府 beliefs信仰."
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监狱反恐部门的一项备忘录记载:
McGowan有“反政府信念”。
05:48
While imprisoned囚禁, he continued继续 writing写作
about environmental环境的 issues问题,
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在关押期内,他持续进行
环境问题相关写作,
05:51
saying that activists活动家 must必须
reflect反映 on their mistakes错误
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告诉别的环保主义者
必须反思自己的错误
05:54
and listen to each other.
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并倾听彼此的意见。
05:56
Now, in fairness公平, if you've spent花费
any time at all in Washington华盛顿, DCDC,
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说句公道话,如果你在
华盛顿特区呆过一段时间,
06:00
you know this is really a radical激进
concept概念 for the government政府.
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你就明白,对政府来说
这可真是一种激进的理念。
06:04
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
06:06
I actually其实 asked to visit访问
McGowan麦高文 in the CMUCMU.
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实际上,我曾要求
去CMU探视McGowan。
06:10
And I was approved批准.
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请求通过了。
06:12
That came来了 as quite相当 a shock休克.
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这吓了我一跳。
06:14
First, because as I've discussed讨论
on this stage阶段 before,
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一方面,之前我就常在这一领域发声,
06:19
I learned学到了 that the FBI联邦调查局 has been
monitoring监控 my work.
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我听说FBI早就在监视我的工作。
06:23
Second第二, because it would make me the first
and only journalist记者 to visit访问 a CMUCMU.
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另一方面,
这次探视会让我成为
第一个、也是唯一一个
进入CMU的调查记者。
我还从监狱局反恐部门听说,
06:29
I had even learned学到了
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06:30
through通过 the Bureau of Prisons监狱
Counterterrorism反恐 Unit单元,
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他们一直在监视我关于CMUs的演讲,
就像今天这一场。
06:33
that they had been monitoring监控 my speeches演讲
about CMUs的CMU, like this one.
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06:39
So how could I possibly或者
be approved批准 to visit访问?
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那么,我怎么可能被允许探视的?
06:43
A few少数 days before I went
out to the prison监狱, I got an answer回答.
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就在前几天我去了监狱之后,
我得到了答案。
06:48
I was allowed允许 to visit访问 McGowan麦高文
as a friend朋友, not a journalist记者.
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我获准作为McGowan的朋友
对他进行探视,而不是作为记者。
06:52
Journalists记者 are not allowed允许 here.
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记者不被允许出现在这里。
06:54
McGowan麦高文 was told by CMUCMU officials官员
that if I asked any questions问题
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CMU的官员告诉McGowan,
一旦我问了一些敏感问题
06:58
or published发表 any story故事,
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或是在之后发表了任何敏感言论,
07:00
that he would be punished处罚
for my reporting报告.
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他就会为我的报道
受到惩罚。
07:04
When I arrived到达 for our visit访问,
the guards卫士 reminded提醒 me
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当我来到监狱时,
警卫提醒我
07:06
that they knew知道 who I was
and knew知道 about my work.
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他们知道我是谁
也知道我的工作。
07:09
And they said that if I attempted尝试
to interview访问 McGowan麦高文,
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他们说,一旦我试图
对McGowan进行采访,
07:11
the visit访问 would be terminated终止.
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探视就会被终止。
07:14
The Bureau of Prisons监狱 describes介绍 CMUs的CMU
as "self-contained自足 housing住房 units单位."
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监狱局声称,CMUs是
“自足的居住部门”。
07:20
But I think that's an Orwellian奥威尔 way
of describing说明 black黑色 holes.
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但我认为这与奥威尔描述
黑洞的方式没有区别。
07:24
When you visit访问 a CMUCMU,
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当你来到CMU,
07:25
you go through通过 all the security安全
checkpoints检查站 that you would expect期望.
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你经过了所有安全检查的关卡,
这是你之前就能想到的。
07:29
But then the walk步行
to the visitation探视 room房间 is silent无声.
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但接下来,
通往探视间的路上却是沉默的。
07:33
When a CMUCMU prisoner囚犯 has a visit访问,
the rest休息 of the prison监狱 is on lockdown锁定.
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当一名CMU囚犯接受探视时,
其余的犯人全被关回牢房里。
07:39
I was ushered迎来 into a small room房间,
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我被引导进一个小房间里,
07:40
so small my outstretched伸开 arms武器
could touch触摸 each wall.
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小到我伸展双臂就能摸到两边的墙。
07:44
There was a grapefruit-sized柚子大小
orbORB in the ceiling天花板
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天花板上有一个转动的小圆球,
07:47
for the visit访问 to be live-monitored现场监控
by the Counterterrorism反恐 Unit单元
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方便远在西弗吉尼亚的反恐部门
实时监控这里的探视。
07:50
in West西 Virginia弗吉尼亚州.
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07:52
The unit单元 insists坚持 that all the visits访问
have to be in English英语 for CMUCMU prisoners囚犯,
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他们坚持要求CMU囚犯
在探视过程中用英语交流,
07:57
which哪一个 is an additional额外 hardship
for many许多 of the Muslim穆斯林 families家庭.
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这对那些穆斯林家庭来说
显得更加困难。
08:00
There is a thick sheet of foggy有雾,
bulletproof防弹 glass玻璃
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在我面前是一面极厚的、
模糊的防弹玻璃
08:04
and on the other side was Daniel丹尼尔 McGowan麦高文.
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玻璃的另一侧,
是Daniel McGowan。
08:08
We spoke through通过 these handsets手机
attached to the wall
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我们通过墙上的
电话听筒进行交流,
08:10
and talked about books图书 and movies电影.
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聊一些书和电影。
08:13
We did our best最好 to find reasons原因 to laugh.
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我们尽力找出一些发笑的理由。
08:16
To fight斗争 boredom无聊 and amuse游玩 himself他自己
while in the CMUCMU,
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身处CMU,为了
消磨时间,找点乐子,
08:19
McGowan麦高文 had been spreading传播 a rumor谣言
that I was secretly偷偷 the president主席
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McGowan散布了个谣言,
说我是暮光之城粉丝俱乐部
08:23
of a Twilight fan风扇 club俱乐部 in Washington华盛顿, DCDC
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在华盛顿特区的秘密总统。
08:27
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
08:29
For the record记录, I'm not.
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我想在这里说清楚,
其实我不是。
08:32
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
08:33
But I kind of the hope希望 the FBI联邦调查局
now thinks that Bella贝拉 and Edward爱德华
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但我其实有点希望FBI
会把贝拉和爱德华
08:37
are terrorist恐怖分子 code names.
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当成恐怖分子的代号。
08:39
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
在我们探视过程中,
08:42
During our visit访问, McGowan麦高文 spoke most
and at length长度 about his niece侄女 Lily百合,
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McGowan讲得最多、
最不遗余力地谈论的
是他的侄女丽丽、妻子珍妮,
08:48
his wife妻子 Jenny珍妮 and how torturous痛苦
it feels感觉 to never be able能够 to hug拥抱 them,
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以及再也不能拥抱她们、
再也不能拉她们手的折磨。
08:54
to never be able能够 to hold保持 their hands.
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08:58
Three months个月 after our visit访问, McGowan麦高文
was transferred转入 out of the CMUCMU
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那次探视之后过了三个月,
McGowan被转移出了CMU,
09:01
and then, without warning警告,
he was sent发送 back again.
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但之后,没有任何警告,
他又被送回去了。
09:05
I had published发表 leaked泄露
CMUCMU documents文件 on my website网站
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我在自己的网站上公开了
泄密的CMU文件
09:10
and the Counterterrorism反恐 Unit单元 said
that McGowan麦高文 had called his wife妻子
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反恐部门称,McGowan曾
给他的妻子打电话
09:13
and asked her to mail邮件 them.
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并要求她给有关部门写信。
09:16
He wanted to see what the government政府
was saying about him,
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他想知道政府对他的案子怎么解释,
09:19
and for that he was sent发送 back to the CMUCMU.
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因此他又被送回了CMU。
09:21
When he was finally最后 released发布
at the end结束 of his sentence句子,
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当他最终刑满获释,
09:24
his story故事 got even more Kafkaesque卡夫卡.
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这个故事又变得更加戏剧性。
09:27
He wrote an article文章
for the Huffington赫芬顿 Post岗位 headlined标题,
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他为赫芬顿邮报撰写了
一篇文章,标题是:
《法庭文件证实,我因自己的
政治言论被送进CMU》,
09:29
"Court法庭 Documents文件 Prove证明 I was Sent发送 to
a CMUCMU for my Political政治 Speech言语."
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09:34
The next下一个 day he was thrown抛出
back in jail监狱 for his political政治 speech言语.
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第二天他就又被扔回监狱去了,
因为他的“政治发言”(登报文章)。
09:40
His attorneys律师 quickly很快 secured安全 his release发布,
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他的律师很快将他保释出来,
09:42
but the message信息 was very clear明确:
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但收到的信息是明确的:
09:45
Don't talk about this place地点.
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——“不要谈论这个地方。”
09:48
Today今天, nine years年份 after they were opened打开
by the Bush衬套 administration行政,
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至今,距离布什政府
启用它们已有9年,
09:53
the government政府 is codifying编纂
how and why CMUs的CMU were created创建.
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政府仍在试图将设立CMUs
的原因和方式合法化。
09:57
According根据 to the Bureau of Prisons监狱,
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根据监狱局的说法,
09:59
they are for prisoners囚犯
with "inspirational励志 significance意义."
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它们是用于关押那些
“具有煽动意义”的囚犯。
10:04
I think that is very nice不错 way of saying
these are political政治 prisons监狱
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我认为这样形容
这些关押政治犯的
政治监狱非常巧妙。
10:08
for political政治 prisoners囚犯.
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10:10
Prisoners囚犯 are sent发送 to a CMUCMU
because of their race种族,
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犯人们因为他们的种族、
10:13
their religion宗教 or their
political政治 beliefs信仰.
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宗教或政治信仰而被送进CMU。
10:16
Now, if you think that
characterization描述 is too strong强大,
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现在,你可能会
觉得这些判定特征太夸张了,
10:19
just look at some
of the government's政府的 own拥有 documents文件.
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不妨来看一些
政府自己的文件。
10:22
When some of McGowan's麦高恩的 mail邮件 was rejected拒绝
by the CMUCMU, the sender寄件人 was told
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当McGowan的信件被CMU
拒收时,寄信者获知
10:26
it's because the letters were intended
"for political政治 prisoners囚犯."
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这些信因为寄给
“政治性罪犯”而被拒收。
10:31
When another另一个 prisoner囚犯, animal动物 rights权利
activist活动家 Andy安迪 StepanianStepanian,
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而对别的犯人,像动物权益保护者
Andy Stepanian,
10:35
was sent发送 to a CMUCMU, it was because of his
anti-government反政府 and anti-corporate反企业 views意见.
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被送进CMU的理由是:
他有反企业、反政府观点。
10:41
Now, I know all of this
may可能 be hard to believe,
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我知道这一切让人很难接受,
10:44
that it's happening事件 right now,
and in the United联合的 States状态.
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但它确实发生在当下,
发生在我们美国。
10:49
But the unknown未知 reality现实
is that the US has a dark黑暗 history历史
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这个不为人知的事实就是,
美国有着一段黑暗的历史
10:52
of disproportionately不成比例 punishing惩罚 people
because of their political政治 beliefs信仰.
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是根据人们的政治信仰,
区别对待地进行惩罚。
10:57
In the 1960s, before Marion马里昂
was home to the CMUCMU,
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在1960年代,当马里昂还
没有CMU的时候,
11:02
it was home to the notorious臭名昭著 Control控制 Unit单元.
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那里就有一所
臭名昭著的管制监狱。
11:05
Prisoners囚犯 were locked锁定 down
in solitary for 22 hours小时 a day.
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犯人们每天有22小时
被单独关押。
11:10
The warden看守 said the unit单元
was to "control控制 revolutionary革命的 attitudes态度."
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监狱长说,这所监狱是用于
“控制具有革命倾向的犯人”。
11:16
In the 1980s, another另一个 experiment实验 called
the Lexington列克星敦 High Security安全 Unit单元
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在1980年代,另一所实验性监狱
名叫列克星敦高安全监狱
11:21
held保持 women妇女 connected连接的
to the Weather天气 Underground地下,
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关押着与“地下气象人组织”、
11:24
Black黑色 Liberation解放 and Puerto波多黎各 Rican波多黎各
independent独立 struggles斗争.
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黑人解放运动、波多黎各独立斗争
有关的女性。
11:27
The prison监狱 radically根本 restricted限制
communication通讯 and used sleep睡觉 deprivation剥夺,
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监狱从根本上限制通信交流
并且使用“剥夺睡眠”和“持续光照”
11:32
and constant不变 light for so-called所谓
"ideological思想 conversion转变."
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来进行所谓的“思想转换”。
11:37
Those prisons监狱 were eventually终于 shut关闭 down,
but only through通过 the campaigning竞选
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那些监狱最终都被关闭了,
但那是宗教组织和
11:43
of religious宗教 groups and human人的 rights权利
advocates倡导者, like Amnesty大赦 International国际.
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像“国际特赦组织”这样的人权倡导者
通过一系列的抗争换来的。
11:48
Today今天, civil国内 rights权利 lawyers律师
with the Center中央 for Constitutional构成 Rights
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今天,民权律师和宪法权利中心
11:52
are challenging具有挑战性的 CMUs的CMU in court法庭
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都在向法院抗议CMUs
11:54
for depriving剥夺 prisoners囚犯
of their due应有 process处理 rights权利
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剥夺囚犯应享有的正当法律程序
11:57
and for retaliating报复 against反对 them
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以及对囚犯受保护的政治、
宗教发言做出的报复行为。
11:59
for their protected保护 political政治
and religious宗教 speech言语.
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12:03
Many许多 of these documents文件 would have
never come to light without this lawsuit诉讼.
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如果没有这些诉讼,
刚才展示的许多文件就不会重见天日。
12:08
The message信息 of these groups
and my message信息 for you today今天
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来自这些组织的信息,和我
今天告诉大家的这些信息
12:13
is that we must必须 bear witness见证
to what is being存在 doneDONE to these prisoners囚犯.
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是为了让各位见证:
我们正在对囚犯们做些什么。
12:16
Their treatment治疗 is a reflection反射
of the values held保持 beyond prison监狱 walls墙壁.
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他们的待遇,反映了
监狱高墙之外的人们持有的价值观念。
12:22
This story故事 is not just about prisoners囚犯.
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这个故事不仅仅是关于犯人的。
12:24
It is about us.
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也是关于你我的。
12:27
It is about our own拥有 commitment承诺
to human人的 rights权利.
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它关于我们自己
维护人权的责任。
12:29
It is about whether是否 we will choose选择 to stop
repeating重复 the mistakes错误 of our past过去.
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也是关于,我们是否要选择
重蹈覆辙,一错再错。
12:35
If we don't listen to what Father父亲 BerriganBerrigan
described描述 as the stories故事 of the dead,
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如果我们不愿去倾听
贝里根神父讲述关于死亡的故事,
12:40
they will soon不久 become成为
the stories故事 of ourselves我们自己.
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那么明天,
那就会是我们自己的故事。
12:42
Thank you.
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谢谢。
12:44
(Applause掌声)
219
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2698
(掌声)
12:51
(Applause掌声 ends结束)
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(掌声结束)
12:53
Tom汤姆 Rielly里利: I have a couple一对 questions问题.
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Tom Rielly:我有几个问题。
12:55
When I was in high school学校,
I learned学到了 about the Bill法案 of Rights,
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当我还在读中学的时候,
我就学过“权利法案”、
12:59
the Constitution宪法, freedom自由 of speech言语,
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“宪法”、“言论自由”、
13:02
due应有 process处理 and
about 25 other laws法律 and rights权利
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“正当法律程序”
和其它25种法律和权利,
13:07
that seem似乎 to be violated违反 by this.
225
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它们看起来都被这事违背了。
13:09
How could this possibly或者 be happening事件?
226
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2704
那么这件事究竟是怎么发生的呢?
13:12
Will Potter制陶工人: I think that's
the number one question I get
227
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2691
Will Potter:
我想这是我整个工作中,
13:15
throughout始终 all of my work,
228
783149
1987
要面临的首要问题,
13:17
and the short answer回答 is
that people don't know.
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3134
简单来说,答案是:
“没人知道。”
13:20
I think the solution to any of these types类型
of situations情况, any rights权利 abuses滥用,
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我认为想要解决任何
类似的权力滥用情况,
13:24
are really dependent依赖的 on two things.
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就取决于两点:
13:26
They're dependent依赖的 on knowledge知识
that it's actually其实 happening事件
232
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2796
得让人们真正了解
到底发生了什么;
13:29
and then a means手段 and efficacy功效
to actually其实 make a change更改.
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还要有切实有效的
行动来促生改变。
13:33
And unfortunately不幸 with these prisoners囚犯,
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而不幸的是,对这些犯人们,
13:35
one, people don't know
what's happening事件 at all
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首先,根本没人
知道里面发生了什么;
13:38
and then they're already已经
disenfranchised被剥夺公民权 populations人群
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另外,他们实在是
被边缘化的弱势群体,
13:41
who don't have access访问 to attorneys律师,
not native本地人 English英语 speakers音箱.
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他们没有代理律师,
也不擅长讲英语。
13:45
In some of these cases, they have great
representation表示 that I mentioned提到,
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在我提到的这些案件里,
他们(受害者)确实已经人数众多,
13:48
but there's just not a public上市 awareness意识
of what's happening事件.
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但还没有多到,足以让公众
认识到那里发生了什么。
13:51
TRTR: Isn't it guaranteed保证 in prison监狱
that you have right to council评议会
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TR:监狱有保证
犯人有权接触议会
13:54
or access访问 to council评议会?
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或者向议会抗议吗?
13:56
WPWP: There's a tendency趋势 in our culture文化
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WP:我们的文化里有一种倾向,
13:58
to see when people have been
convicted被定罪 of a crime犯罪,
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那就是只要人们被判有罪,
14:01
no matter if that charge收费
was bogus虚假 or legitimate合法,
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无论这是误判还是合法判决,
14:03
that whatever随你 happens发生 to them
after that is warranted必要.
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此后对罪犯做的一切都是正当的。
14:06
And I think that's a really damaging有害
and dangerous危险 narrative叙述 that we have,
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而我觉得这真的是一种
破坏性的危险态度,
14:10
that allows允许 these types类型
of things to happen发生,
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它让这类事情得以发生,
14:12
as the general一般 public上市 just
kind of turns a blind eye to it.
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让普通民众对它视而不见。
14:16
TRTR: All those documents文件 on screen屏幕
were all real真实 documents文件, word for word,
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TR:屏幕上的所有文件
都是真实文件,每个字,
14:21
unchanged不变 at all, right?
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都没有被篡改过,是吗?
14:23
WPWP: Absolutely绝对. I've actually其实 uploaded上传
all of them to my website网站.
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WP:绝对没有。事实上
我已经把它们上传到了我的网站。
14:26
It's willpotterwillpotter.comCOM/CMUCMU and it's
a footnoted脚注 version of the talk,
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willpotter.com/CMU
我对这次演讲的所有内容做了脚注,
14:31
so you can see the documents文件 for yourself你自己
without the little snippets片段.
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你可以直接点击(引用的)片段
查看文件原文。
14:34
You can see the full充分 version.
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你可以看到完整的版本。
14:36
I relied overwhelmingly压倒性
on primary source资源 documents文件
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我的调查完全依赖于
最初的原始文件
14:39
or on primary interviews面试
with former前任的 and current当前 prisoners囚犯,
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或我对现任/前任犯人的第一手采访,
14:42
with people that are dealing交易
with this situation情况 every一切 day.
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那些犯人是每天
都在面对这一状况的人。
14:45
And like I said, I've been
there myself, as well.
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而且我也说过了,
我自己也亲身去过那里。
14:47
TRTR: You're doing courageous勇敢 work.
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TR:你在从事一项非常勇敢的工作。
14:49
WPWP: Thank you very much. Thank you all.
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WP:非常感谢。感谢大家。
14:51
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Twisted Meadows
Reviewed by Ying Li

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Will Potter - Investigative journalist
Award-winning journalist and author, Will Potter focuses on the animal rights and environmental movements, and civil liberties in the post-9/11 era.

Why you should listen

Independent journalist and TED Fellow Will Potter is based in Washington, D.C.; his current work examines how whistleblowers and non-violent protesters are being treated as terrorists.

The author of Green Is The New Red: An Insider's Account of a Social Movement Under Siege, Potter has extensively documented how non-violent protest is slowly being criminalized. His reporting and commentary have been featured in the world's top media outlets, including the Washington Post, NPR, Rolling Stone, El Pais, and Le Monde. He has testified before the U.S. Congress about his reporting, as the only witness opposing the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act -- and he is a plaintiff in the first lawsuits challenging so-called "ag-gag" laws as unconstitutional.

Will has also lectured at many universities and public forums about his work, including Georgetown University, Harvard Law School, and the House of Democracy and Human Rights in Berlin. International speaking tours have included Germany, Austria, Switzerland, New Zealand, and Spain, and he was the international guest lecturer for Australia's 2014 animal law lecture series.

His reporting has overturned criminal prosecutions, and it has both been praised in Congressional reports and monitored by the Counter-Terrorism Unit.

More profile about the speaker
Will Potter | Speaker | TED.com