ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Will Potter - Investigative journalist
Award-winning journalist and author, Will Potter focuses on the animal rights and environmental movements, and civil liberties in the post-9/11 era.

Why you should listen

Independent journalist and TED Fellow Will Potter is based in Washington, D.C.; his current work examines how whistleblowers and non-violent protesters are being treated as terrorists.

The author of Green Is The New Red: An Insider's Account of a Social Movement Under Siege, Potter has extensively documented how non-violent protest is slowly being criminalized. His reporting and commentary have been featured in the world's top media outlets, including the Washington Post, NPR, Rolling Stone, El Pais, and Le Monde. He has testified before the U.S. Congress about his reporting, as the only witness opposing the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act -- and he is a plaintiff in the first lawsuits challenging so-called "ag-gag" laws as unconstitutional.

Will has also lectured at many universities and public forums about his work, including Georgetown University, Harvard Law School, and the House of Democracy and Human Rights in Berlin. International speaking tours have included Germany, Austria, Switzerland, New Zealand, and Spain, and he was the international guest lecturer for Australia's 2014 animal law lecture series.

His reporting has overturned criminal prosecutions, and it has both been praised in Congressional reports and monitored by the Counter-Terrorism Unit.

More profile about the speaker
Will Potter | Speaker | TED.com
TED Fellows Retreat 2015

Will Potter: The secret US prisons you've never heard of before

威爾.波特: 你以前從未聽說過的隱密美國監獄

Filmed:
4,502,663 views

調查記者「威爾.波特」是唯一曾進到美國監獄裡「互動聯絡管理單位 - 或稱CMU」的記者,這些單位神神秘祕地受到啟用,而且重大地轉變了如何對待囚犯,甚至防止他們擁抱自己的小孩子!TED 研究會員 - 波特 -讓我們知道了誰被關在那裡面以及政府如何想方設法讓它們繼續被掩蓋起來,他說了:「訊息是很清楚的 - 不能說到這個地方!」,查看本演講資料來源請至 willpotter.com/cmu。
- Investigative journalist
Award-winning journalist and author, Will Potter focuses on the animal rights and environmental movements, and civil liberties in the post-9/11 era. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Father父親 Daniel丹尼爾 BerriganBerrigan once一旦 said
that "writing寫作 about prisoners囚犯
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貝瑞岡神父曾說過:
「側寫囚犯有點像在側寫死人。」
00:16
is a little like writing寫作 about the dead."
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00:19
I think what he meant意味著 is that
we treat對待 prisoners囚犯 as ghosts.
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我認為他所指的是
我們對待囚犯好比鬼魂一樣,
00:22
They're unseen看不見 and unheard聞所未聞.
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他們是不被看見、聽到的;
00:25
It's easy簡單 to simply只是 ignore忽視 them
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單單要忽略他們已是很容易的事,
00:27
and it's even easier更輕鬆 when the government政府
goes to great lengths長度 to keep them hidden.
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而當政府竭盡所能地掩蓋這群人的存在時,
我們就更容易忽略他們了。
00:31
As a journalist記者, I think these stories故事
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身為一名記者
我認為當沒人注意時握有權力的人
做了什麼事情的這些報導
00:33
of what people in power功率 do
when no one is watching觀看,
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00:37
are precisely恰恰 the stories故事
that we need to tell.
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正是我們需要講出來的報導,
00:40
That's why I began開始 investigating調查
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那是我為什麼開始調查
00:41
the most secretive隱秘 and experimental試驗
prison監獄 units單位 in the United聯合的 States狀態,
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在美國裡最隱密和試驗型的監獄單位,
00:45
for so-called所謂 "second-tier第二層" terrorists恐怖分子.
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給所謂「次級恐怖份子」的人來用;
00:49
The government政府 calls電話 these units單位
Communications通訊 Management管理 Units單位 or CMUs的CMU.
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政府稱呼這些單位為
互動聯絡管理單位或叫 CMU,
00:54
Prisoners囚犯 and guards衛士 call them
"Little Guantanamo關塔那摩."
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犯人和警衛們叫它們「小關塔那摩」。
00:58
They are islands島嶼 unto themselves他們自己.
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它們就是自家上面的島嶼,
01:01
But unlike不像 Gitmo關塔那摩 they exist存在
right here, at home,
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但是不像關塔那摩 -
它們存在於這裡、在我們的家門裡,
01:05
floating漂浮的 within larger federal聯邦 prisons監獄.
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漂泊在更大的聯邦監獄裡。
01:09
There are 2 CMUs的CMU.
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有著兩個 CMU:
01:10
One was opened打開 inside the prison監獄
in Terre漁村 Haute高級定制, Indiana印地安那,
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一個啟用在印地安納州
特雷霍特的監獄裡面,
01:14
and the other is inside this prison監獄,
in Marion馬里昂, Illinois伊利諾伊.
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還有另一個啟用在伊利諾州
馬里昂的監獄裡面;
01:18
Neither也不 of them underwent後行
the formal正式 review評論 process處理
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當它們兩個受啟用時
01:21
that is required需要 by law
when they were opened打開.
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全都沒有遵照法律規定的正式審查程序。
01:25
CMUCMU prisoners囚犯 have all
been convicted被定罪 of crimes犯罪.
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CMU 的囚犯全都已經定罪完了,
01:28
Some of their cases are questionable可疑的
and some involve涉及 threats威脅 and violence暴力.
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有一些案例啟人疑竇,
而有一些則涉及脅迫與暴力;
01:33
I'm not here to argue爭論 the guilt有罪
or innocence無辜 of any prisoner囚犯.
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我不是要在這裡爭論
任何受刑人有罪或是冤枉,
01:36
I'm here because as Supreme最高 Court法庭 Justice正義
Thurgood瑟古德 Marshall馬歇爾 said,
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我在這邊是因為如同最高法院法官
瑟古德.馬歇爾曾說過:
01:39
"When the prisons監獄 and gates slam猛撞 shut關閉,
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「當監獄與門道砰然關閉,
01:42
prisoners囚犯 do not lose失去
their human人的 quality質量."
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囚犯們並未失去他們的人權」。
01:46
Every一切 prisoner囚犯 I've interviewed採訪
has said there are three flecks斑點 of light
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每一位我曾經訪問過的囚犯都說
在監獄的沉黑裡
01:51
in the darkness黑暗 of prison監獄:
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有著三個小光點:
01:53
phone電話 calls電話,
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電話、信函以及家人探視,
01:54
letters
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01:56
and visits訪問 from family家庭.
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01:58
CMUs的CMU aren't solitary confinement坐月子,
but they radically根本 restrict限制 all of these
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CMU 並非單人拘禁不過它們
偏激地侷限所有這些事項,
02:02
to levels水平 that meet遇到 or exceed超過 the most
extreme極端 prisons監獄 in the United聯合的 States狀態.
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達到甚或超出在美國
最極端之監獄的水準。
02:06
Their phone電話 calls電話 can be limited有限
to 45 minutes分鐘 a month,
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它的電話能被設限在
1 個月是 45 分鐘,
02:09
compared相比 to the 300 minutes分鐘
other prisoners囚犯 receive接收.
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對比於其他囚犯所得到的 300 分鐘、
02:14
Their letters can be limited有限
to six pieces of paper.
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它的信函能被設限在六張紙、
02:17
Their visits訪問 can be limited有限
to four hours小時 per month,
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它的探視能被設限在每月 4 個小時,
02:19
compared相比 to the 35 hours小時 that people
like Olympic奧林匹克 Park公園 bomber轟炸機 Eric埃里克 Rudolph魯道夫
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對比於奧林匹克公園炸彈客
艾瑞克.魯多夫
02:25
receive接收 in the supermax無敵.
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最多所獲得的 35 個小時。
02:28
On top最佳 of that, CMUCMU visits訪問 are non-contact非接觸式
which哪一個 means手段 prisoners囚犯 are not allowed允許
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更甚者 CMU 的探視是無法肢體碰觸的,
這表示囚犯就連擁抱家人也不被寬容;
02:33
to even hug擁抱 their family家庭.
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02:36
As one CMUCMU prisoner囚犯 said,
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如同一位 CMU 的囚犯曾講過的,
02:38
"We're not being存在 tortured折磨 here,
except psychologically心理."
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「我們在這裡並未受到折磨,
除了心理上來說」。
02:42
The government政府 won't慣於 say
who is imprisoned囚禁 here.
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政府不會告知你誰被關在這裡面,
02:45
But through通過 court法庭 documents文件,
open打開 records記錄 requests要求
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但是透過法庭公文、申請公開紀錄、
02:49
and interviews面試 with current當前
and former前任的 prisoners囚犯,
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採訪當今和前囚犯,
02:51
some small windows視窗
into the CMUs的CMU have opened打開.
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些許探進 CMU 的窗口已經打開了。
02:56
There's an estimated預計
60 to 70 prisoners囚犯 here,
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那邊被估計有著 60 到 70 位囚犯,
02:59
and they're overwhelmingly壓倒性 Muslim穆斯林.
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而且絕大多數是穆斯林,
03:01
They include包括 people like Dr博士. RafilRafil DhafirDhafir,
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他們裡面包括了像是
拉斐爾.達菲爾醫生,
03:05
who violated違反 the economic經濟 sanctions制裁
on Iraq伊拉克 by sending發出 medical supplies耗材
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他違反了對伊拉克的經濟制裁 -
為了那邊的小孩寄送醫療用品過去。
03:09
for the children孩子 there.
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03:11
They've他們已經 included包括 people like Yassin亞辛 Aref阿里夫.
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他們曾經包括像是亞辛.埃勒夫,
03:14
Aref阿里夫 and his family家庭 fled逃離 to New York紐約
from Saddam薩達姆 Hussein's侯賽因 Iraq伊拉克 as refugees難民.
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埃勒夫和他的家人從海珊的伊拉克
充做難民逃往紐約,
03:20
He was arrested被捕 in 2004
as part部分 of an FBI聯邦調查局 sting.
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他在 2004 年被逮捕是 FBI
臥底行動的一部份,
03:24
Aref阿里夫 is an imam阿訇 and he was asked
to bear witness見證 to a loan貸款,
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埃勒夫是個伊瑪目
而他受邀見證一筆貸款,
03:28
which哪一個 is a tradition傳統 in Islamic清真 culture文化.
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此為伊斯蘭文化裡的傳統,
03:30
It turned轉身 out that one of the people
involved參與 in the loan貸款 was trying to enlist招募
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結果該貸款所涉入的其中一人企圖列進
03:34
someone有人 else其他 in a fake attack攻擊.
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在一場虛假攻擊中某人的名字,
03:37
Aref阿里夫 didn't know.
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埃勒夫並不知情,
03:39
For that, he was convicted被定罪
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因為那樣他被定罪於間諜和
提供物資協助給恐怖份子團體。
03:40
of conspiracy陰謀 to provide提供 material材料 support支持
to a terrorist恐怖分子 group.
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03:46
The CMUs的CMU also include包括
some non-Muslim非穆斯林 prisoners囚犯.
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CMU 也包含了一些非穆斯林囚犯,
03:49
The guards衛士 call them "balancers平衡器,"
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警衛們叫他們「中和成分」-
03:52
meaning含義 they help balance平衡 out
the racial種族 numbers數字,
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表示他們有助於平衡族群的人數,
03:55
in hopes希望 of deflecting偏轉 law suits西裝.
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寄望偏移法律告訴;
03:58
These balancers平衡器 include包括 animal動物 rights權利
and environmental環境的 activists活動家
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這些中和成分包含了動物權與
環保運動人士,
04:01
like Daniel丹尼爾 McGowan麥高文.
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像是丹尼爾.麥加文。
04:03
McGowan麥高文 was convicted被定罪
of participating參與 in two arsons縱火
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麥加文被定罪於參與了兩場
04:06
in the name名稱 of defending衛冕 the environment環境
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「大地自由前線」以
護守環境為名的縱火案,
04:08
as part部分 of the Earth地球 Liberation解放 Front面前.
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04:11
During his sentencing宣判, he was afraid害怕
that he would be sent發送
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在判刑的期間裡他擔心他可能會被送到
04:14
to a rumored傳聞 secret秘密 prison監獄 for terrorists恐怖分子.
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謠傳中給恐怖分子用的隱密監獄,
04:17
The judge法官 dismissed駁回 all those fears恐懼,
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法官消除了所有那些恐懼,
04:19
saying that they
weren't supported支持的 by any facts事實.
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說它們未受到任何事實的佐證。
04:22
But that might威力 be because the government政府
hasn't有沒有 fully充分 explained解釋
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不過那可能是因為政府還未詳實地解釋
04:25
why some prisoners囚犯 end結束 up in a CMUCMU,
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為什麼有些囚犯最終到了 CMU 裡?
04:28
and who is responsible主管
for these decisions決定.
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以及誰對這些決定有負責的?
04:32
When McGowan麥高文 was transferred轉入, he was told
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當麥加文被移送時他被告知
04:34
it's because he is a "domestic國內 terrorist恐怖分子,"
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那是因為他是個「國內恐怖分子」,
04:37
a term術語 the FBI聯邦調查局 uses使用 repeatedly反复 when
talking about environmental環境的 activists活動家.
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當提到環保運動人士時
FBI 再三用到的術語。
04:42
Now, keep in mind心神 there are about 400
prisoners囚犯 in US prisons監獄
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現在記清楚了大概有著
400 個囚犯在美國的監獄裡,
04:46
who are classified分類 as terrorists恐怖分子,
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這些人被分類為恐怖分子,
04:48
and only a handful少數 of them
are in the CMUs的CMU.
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而且其中只有一小部份在 CMU 裡面;
04:51
In McGowan's麥高恩的 case案件, he was previously先前
at a low-security低安全性 prison監獄
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麥加文的案例他早先是在
一間低度戒備的監獄,
04:54
and he had no communications通訊 violations違規.
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而且他沒有違反互動聯絡的規定,
04:59
So, why was he moved移動?
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所以為什麼他會被調移呢?
05:02
Like other CMUCMU prisoners囚犯,
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就像其他 CMU 的囚犯,
05:03
McGowan麥高文 repeatedly反复 asked
for an answer回答, a hearing聽力,
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麥加文不斷重複地要求
一個解答、一場聽證會、
05:07
or some opportunity機會 for an appeal上訴.
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或是一次上訴的些許機會,
05:10
This example from another另一個 prisoner囚犯
shows節目 how those requests要求 are viewed觀看.
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來自另一個囚犯的這個例子
表明了那些申請如何被看待 -
05:15
"Wants a transfer轉讓." "Told him no."
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要移監!告訴他「不行」!
05:19
At one point, the prison監獄 warden看守 himself他自己
recommended推薦的 McGowan's麥高恩的 transfer轉讓
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有一度監獄典獄長本人提議讓麥加文
05:23
out of the CMUCMU citing引用 his good behavior行為,
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轉出 CMU 來表彰他良好的行為,
05:26
but the warden看守 was overruled否決
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不過該典獄長被聯邦監獄局
反恐單位打了回票,
05:28
by the Bureau of Prison's監獄
Counterterrorism反恐 Unit單元,
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05:31
working加工 with the Joint聯合 Terrorism恐怖主義
Task任務 Force of the FBI聯邦調查局.
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該單位與 FBI 聯合反恐
任務部隊在合作。
05:35
Later後來 I found發現 out that McGowan麥高文
was really sent發送 to a CMUCMU
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後來我發現到麥加文真正被送到 CMU
不是因為他做過什麼,
05:38
not because of what he did,
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05:40
but what he has said.
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卻是他說話的內容;
05:42
A memo備忘錄 from the Counterterrorism反恐 Unit單元
cited引用 McGowan's麥高恩的 "anti-government反政府 beliefs信仰."
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出自反恐單位的備忘錄
引述了麥加文的反政府信念,
05:48
While imprisoned囚禁, he continued繼續 writing寫作
about environmental環境的 issues問題,
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在坐牢期間他繼續著述環境議題,
05:51
saying that activists活動家 must必須
reflect反映 on their mistakes錯誤
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說活動人士必須認真思考他們的錯誤,
05:54
and listen to each other.
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以及聽別人怎麼講。
05:56
Now, in fairness公平, if you've spent花費
any time at all in Washington華盛頓, DCDC,
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持平來說如果你曾經待過
華盛頓特區任何一些時間,
06:00
you know this is really a radical激進
concept概念 for the government政府.
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你就知道對政府而言
這真的是激進的想法啊!
06:04
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
06:06
I actually其實 asked to visit訪問
McGowan麥高文 in the CMUCMU.
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我確實請求過要在
CMU 裡探視麥加文,
06:10
And I was approved批准.
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而且我就獲准了;
06:12
That came來了 as quite相當 a shock休克.
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那真的相當令人吃驚,
06:14
First, because as I've discussed討論
on this stage階段 before,
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首先因為如同我已經在
這個講台上討論過的,
06:19
I learned學到了 that the FBI聯邦調查局 has been
monitoring監控 my work.
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我早知道 FBI 一直在監看著我的工作,
06:23
Second第二, because it would make me the first
and only journalist記者 to visit訪問 a CMUCMU.
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第二、這會使我成為第一個
以及唯一探訪過 CMU 的記者。
06:29
I had even learned學到了
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我甚至已從聯邦監獄局的反恐單位得知
06:30
through通過 the Bureau of Prisons監獄
Counterterrorism反恐 Unit單元,
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他們早已一直在監看我有關
CMU 的言論 - 就像這一個,
06:33
that they had been monitoring監控 my speeches演講
about CMUs的CMU, like this one.
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06:39
So how could I possibly或者
be approved批准 to visit訪問?
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所以我怎麼有可能獲准探訪呢?
06:43
A few少數 days before I went
out to the prison監獄, I got an answer回答.
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在我出門去監獄的幾天前
我得到答案了。
06:48
I was allowed允許 to visit訪問 McGowan麥高文
as a friend朋友, not a journalist記者.
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我被允許當成朋友而非記者
去探視麥加文,
06:52
Journalists記者 are not allowed允許 here.
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記者是不准進這邊的;
06:54
McGowan麥高文 was told by CMUCMU officials官員
that if I asked any questions問題
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CMU 的官員告訴麥加文
如果我詢問了任何問題
06:58
or published發表 any story故事,
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或是發表任何新聞 -
07:00
that he would be punished處罰
for my reporting報告.
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他將會為了我的報導而受罰。
07:04
When I arrived到達 for our visit訪問,
the guards衛士 reminded提醒 me
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當我為了探視抵達時警衛們提醒我,
07:06
that they knew知道 who I was
and knew知道 about my work.
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說他們知道我是誰以及我的工作,
07:09
And they said that if I attempted嘗試
to interview訪問 McGowan麥高文,
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而且他們還說假使我意圖
訪問麥加文的話,
07:11
the visit訪問 would be terminated終止.
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這場探視就會被中斷。
07:14
The Bureau of Prisons監獄 describes介紹 CMUs的CMU
as "self-contained自足 housing住房 units單位."
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聯邦監獄局形容 CMU 等同
「自我閉鎖的房舍單位」,
07:20
But I think that's an Orwellian奧威爾 way
of describing說明 black黑色 holes.
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不過我認為那是歐威爾式的
方法來形容黑洞;
07:24
When you visit訪問 a CMUCMU,
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當你探視 CMU 時
07:25
you go through通過 all the security安全
checkpoints檢查站 that you would expect期望.
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你會走完所有你預期想到的檢查哨,
07:29
But then the walk步行
to the visitation探視 room房間 is silent無聲.
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但是之後進入會客室的步履是一片寂然。
07:33
When a CMUCMU prisoner囚犯 has a visit訪問,
the rest休息 of the prison監獄 is on lockdown鎖定.
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當 CMU 囚犯有人探視時,
其餘的囚犯就是被鎖起來了,
07:39
I was ushered迎來 into a small room房間,
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我被引領進一個小房間,
07:40
so small my outstretched伸開 arms武器
could touch觸摸 each wall.
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我伸展開的手臂能夠碰到
各面牆壁如此的小間,
07:44
There was a grapefruit-sized柚子大小
orbORB in the ceiling天花板
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那裡有個葡萄般大小的
球狀體在天花板上,
07:47
for the visit訪問 to be live-monitored現場監控
by the Counterterrorism反恐 Unit單元
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為了讓該探視被位於
西維吉尼亞的反恐單位即時監看;
07:50
in West西 Virginia弗吉尼亞州.
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07:52
The unit單元 insists堅持 that all the visits訪問
have to be in English英語 for CMUCMU prisoners囚犯,
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該單位堅持對 CMU 囚犯
所有的探視必須使用英文,
07:57
which哪一個 is an additional額外 hardship
for many許多 of the Muslim穆斯林 families家庭.
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此點對許多穆斯林家庭來說
是額外的難關。
08:00
There is a thick sheet of foggy有霧,
bulletproof防彈 glass玻璃
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那裡有著一片霧面的防彈玻璃,
08:04
and on the other side was Daniel丹尼爾 McGowan麥高文.
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而且麥加文就在另一頭,
08:08
We spoke through通過 these handsets手機
attached to the wall
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我們透過裝在牆上的電話聽筒講話,
08:10
and talked about books圖書 and movies電影.
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談論著書籍和電影,
08:13
We did our best最好 to find reasons原因 to laugh.
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我們盡一切努力找到理由來笑;
08:16
To fight鬥爭 boredom無聊 and amuse遊玩 himself他自己
while in the CMUCMU,
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在 CMU 裡面的時候
為了打破沉悶以及自娛,
08:19
McGowan麥高文 had been spreading傳播 a rumor謠言
that I was secretly偷偷 the president主席
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麥加文不斷播送一個謠言:
「我是華盛頓特區暮光之城
影迷會的不為人知的會長,
08:23
of a Twilight fan風扇 club俱樂部 in Washington華盛頓, DCDC
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08:27
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
08:29
For the record記錄, I'm not.
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在書面紀錄上不是我而已,
08:32
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
08:33
But I kind of the hope希望 the FBI聯邦調查局
now thinks that Bella貝拉 and Edward愛德華
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不過我有點希望 FBI 現在認為
貝拉還有艾德華是恐怖份子的代號!
08:37
are terrorist恐怖分子 code names.
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08:39
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
08:42
During our visit訪問, McGowan麥高文 spoke most
and at length長度 about his niece侄女 Lily百合,
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在我們的會面裡麥加文談到最多、
最長的是他的姪女莉莉、他的老婆珍妮,
08:48
his wife妻子 Jenny珍妮 and how torturous痛苦
it feels感覺 to never be able能夠 to hug擁抱 them,
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以及永遠沒辦法去擁抱她們、
親執她們的雙手感覺有多麼折騰。
08:54
to never be able能夠 to hold保持 their hands.
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08:58
Three months個月 after our visit訪問, McGowan麥高文
was transferred轉入 out of the CMUCMU
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在我們的會面的三個月後
麥加文被轉出了 CMU,
09:01
and then, without warning警告,
he was sent發送 back again.
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接著完全沒有警訊,他再次被送回去了;
09:05
I had published發表 leaked洩露
CMUCMU documents文件 on my website網站
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我已經在我的網站上公開發表過
外流的 CMU 的公文資料,
09:10
and the Counterterrorism反恐 Unit單元 said
that McGowan麥高文 had called his wife妻子
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還有反恐單位說麥加文曾經致電他的妻子
09:13
and asked her to mail郵件 them.
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請求她把它們寄出,
09:16
He wanted to see what the government政府
was saying about him,
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他想要知道政府將會如何說他,
09:19
and for that he was sent發送 back to the CMUCMU.
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因為這樣他被送回了 CMU。
09:21
When he was finally最後 released發布
at the end結束 of his sentence句子,
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當他終於在他刑期結束被釋放了出來,
09:24
his story故事 got even more Kafkaesque卡夫卡.
167
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他的事蹟變得甚至更加「卡夫卡式」,
09:27
He wrote an article文章
for the Huffington赫芬頓 Post崗位 headlined標題,
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他寫出一篇文章給赫芬頓郵報做標題為
09:29
"Court法庭 Documents文件 Prove證明 I was Sent發送 to
a CMUCMU for my Political政治 Speech言語."
169
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「法庭文件證實因為我的政治言論
我被送去了 CMU !」 。
09:34
The next下一個 day he was thrown拋出
back in jail監獄 for his political政治 speech言語.
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隔天就為了他的政治言論
他被逮回監獄裡去,
09:40
His attorneys律師 quickly很快 secured安全 his release發布,
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他的律師迅速地確保了他的開釋,
09:42
but the message信息 was very clear明確:
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不過訊息非常明確 -
09:45
Don't talk about this place地點.
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不要講到這地方。
09:48
Today今天, nine years年份 after they were opened打開
by the Bush襯套 administration行政,
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在它們被布希政府啟用九年後的今天,
09:53
the government政府 is codifying編纂
how and why CMUs的CMU were created創建.
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政府正在將 CMU 如何以及
為什麼被創造出來建立規章,
09:57
According根據 to the Bureau of Prisons監獄,
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根據聯邦監獄局所指
09:59
they are for prisoners囚犯
with "inspirational勵志 significance意義."
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它們是用來關帶有
鼓舞型特別意義的囚犯,
10:04
I think that is very nice不錯 way of saying
these are political政治 prisons監獄
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我認為這是非常棒的方式來說
這些單位是用來關政治犯的政治監獄。
10:08
for political政治 prisoners囚犯.
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10:10
Prisoners囚犯 are sent發送 to a CMUCMU
because of their race種族,
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囚犯們被送往 CMU 是因為其種族、
10:13
their religion宗教 or their
political政治 beliefs信仰.
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宗教信仰或是政治理念,
10:16
Now, if you think that
characterization描述 is too strong強大,
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此刻要是你認為該特點強烈到不行,
10:19
just look at some
of the government's政府的 own擁有 documents文件.
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看一些政府自己的公文就好;
10:22
When some of McGowan's麥高恩的 mail郵件 was rejected拒絕
by the CMUCMU, the sender寄件人 was told
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當部份麥加文的信件
被 CMU 拒收的時候,
寄件人被告知那是因為信函
蓄意要給政治犯的。
10:26
it's because the letters were intended
"for political政治 prisoners囚犯."
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10:31
When another另一個 prisoner囚犯, animal動物 rights權利
activist活動家 Andy安迪 StepanianStepanian,
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另一個囚犯 - 動物權運動人士
安迪.史迪佩尼恩
10:35
was sent發送 to a CMUCMU, it was because of his
anti-government反政府 and anti-corporate反企業 views意見.
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被送到 CMU 是因為他的
反政府以及反企業觀點。
10:41
Now, I know all of this
may可能 be hard to believe,
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我知道這所有一切很難置信,
10:44
that it's happening事件 right now,
and in the United聯合的 States狀態.
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3958
此時此刻在美國它持續發生中,
10:49
But the unknown未知 reality現實
is that the US has a dark黑暗 history歷史
190
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不過沒人知道的現實
是美國因為政治上的信仰
有著過度地處罰人民的黑暗歷史。
10:52
of disproportionately不成比例 punishing懲罰 people
because of their political政治 beliefs信仰.
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4391
10:57
In the 1960s, before Marion馬里昂
was home to the CMUCMU,
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在 1960 年代早在馬里昂
是 CMU 的所在地前,
11:02
it was home to the notorious臭名昭著 Control控制 Unit單元.
193
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它是惡名昭彰的超級戒備單位監獄,
11:05
Prisoners囚犯 were locked鎖定 down
in solitary for 22 hours小時 a day.
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囚犯一天被鎖在緊閉室 22 個小時,
11:10
The warden看守 said the unit單元
was to "control控制 revolutionary革命的 attitudes態度."
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典獄長曾經說該單位是要管控
具顛覆現狀的品行。
11:16
In the 1980s, another另一個 experiment實驗 called
the Lexington列剋星敦 High Security安全 Unit單元
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在 1980 年代另一個實驗
叫做萊辛頓高戒備單位,
11:21
held保持 women婦女 connected連接的
to the Weather天氣 Underground地下,
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關收與「地下氣象人組織」、
11:24
Black黑色 Liberation解放 and Puerto波多黎各 Rican波多黎各
independent獨立 struggles鬥爭.
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「黑人解放軍」、「波多黎各
獨立奮進會」有牽連的成年女性,
11:27
The prison監獄 radically根本 restricted限制
communication通訊 and used sleep睡覺 deprivation剝奪,
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該監獄嚴厲限制通信,
以及採用不讓你睡手段、
11:32
and constant不變 light for so-called所謂
"ideological思想 conversion轉變."
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以及為了所謂的思想改造
不停歇的照亮。
11:37
Those prisons監獄 were eventually終於 shut關閉 down,
but only through通過 the campaigning競選
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這些監獄終究被關閉掉了,
不過唯有透過宗教團體
11:43
of religious宗教 groups and human人的 rights權利
advocates倡導者, like Amnesty大赦 International國際.
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以及人權運動者像是
「國際特赦組織」的持續奔走。
11:48
Today今天, civil國內 rights權利 lawyers律師
with the Center中央 for Constitutional構成 Rights
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今天民權律師加上「憲法權力中心」
11:52
are challenging具有挑戰性的 CMUs的CMU in court法庭
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正在法庭裡質疑 CMU
11:54
for depriving剝奪 prisoners囚犯
of their due應有 process處理 rights權利
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剝奪囚犯的正當法律程序權利,
11:57
and for retaliating報復 against反對 them
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以及為了他們受到保護的政治、
宗教性言論找他們算帳,
11:59
for their protected保護 political政治
and religious宗教 speech言語.
207
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12:03
Many許多 of these documents文件 would have
never come to light without this lawsuit訴訟.
208
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3668
許多這些公文要是沒有這場訴訟
可能永遠不會曝光。
12:08
The message信息 of these groups
and my message信息 for you today今天
209
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這些團體和我在今天要給你們的訊息
12:13
is that we must必須 bear witness見證
to what is being存在 doneDONE to these prisoners囚犯.
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是我們必須見證對這些囚犯
做過些什麼事情,
12:16
Their treatment治療 is a reflection反射
of the values held保持 beyond prison監獄 walls牆壁.
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他們的處置是監獄牆內價值的映照,
12:22
This story故事 is not just about prisoners囚犯.
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這個故事不只是跟囚犯有關,
12:24
It is about us.
213
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它跟我們有關、
12:27
It is about our own擁有 commitment承諾
to human人的 rights權利.
214
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2747
它跟我們本身對人權的承諾有關、
12:29
It is about whether是否 we will choose選擇 to stop
repeating重複 the mistakes錯誤 of our past過去.
215
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它跟我們是否將會選擇停止重複
我們過往的錯誤有關。
12:35
If we don't listen to what Father父親 BerriganBerrigan
described描述 as the stories故事 of the dead,
216
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要是我們不聽教神父貝瑞岡
對前車之鑑的描述,
12:40
they will soon不久 become成為
the stories故事 of ourselves我們自己.
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它們很快就會變成我們自己的寫照,
12:42
Thank you.
218
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謝謝你們!
12:44
(Applause掌聲)
219
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2698
(掌聲)
12:51
(Applause掌聲 ends結束)
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2000
(掌聲結束)
12:53
Tom湯姆 Rielly裡利: I have a couple一對 questions問題.
221
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1835
湯姆.萊利:我有幾個問題啦,
12:55
When I was in high school學校,
I learned學到了 about the Bill法案 of Rights,
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當我還在高中的時候我學過權利法案、
12:59
the Constitution憲法, freedom自由 of speech言語,
223
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憲法、言論自由、
13:02
due應有 process處理 and
about 25 other laws法律 and rights權利
224
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正當法律程序以及
25 種其他法律與權利,
13:07
that seem似乎 to be violated違反 by this.
225
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那看起來都被這個內容所違背了,
13:09
How could this possibly或者 be happening事件?
226
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2704
這種事如何有機會發生呢?
13:12
Will Potter製陶工人: I think that's
the number one question I get
227
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威爾.波特:我想那是我所有的工作
13:15
throughout始終 all of my work,
228
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1987
從頭到尾想到的頭號問題,
13:17
and the short answer回答 is
that people don't know.
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而簡短的答案是一般人全然無知,
13:20
I think the solution to any of these types類型
of situations情況, any rights權利 abuses濫用,
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我認為對任何這些情境種類、
侵犯權利的解套方法
13:24
are really dependent依賴的 on two things.
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真的要靠兩件事情;
13:26
They're dependent依賴的 on knowledge知識
that it's actually其實 happening事件
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它們有賴於得知這真的在發生中、
13:29
and then a means手段 and efficacy功效
to actually其實 make a change更改.
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還有接下來有方法和效度
來實際做出改變。
13:33
And unfortunately不幸 with these prisoners囚犯,
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很不幸地在這些囚犯週邊的事情,
13:35
one, people don't know
what's happening事件 at all
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第一大家根本並不知道
正在發生些什麼事情,
13:38
and then they're already已經
disenfranchised被剝奪公民權 populations人群
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接著的是他們早已經是
被剝奪權利的人口 -
13:41
who don't have access訪問 to attorneys律師,
not native本地人 English英語 speakers音箱.
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接洽不到律師、不是天生英文使用者。
13:45
In some of these cases, they have great
representation表示 that I mentioned提到,
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在這裡面的一些案例中,
我提到過他們有很棒的代言人,
13:48
but there's just not a public上市 awareness意識
of what's happening事件.
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不過就是沒有公眾在意
什麼事情正發生中。
13:51
TRTR: Isn't it guaranteed保證 in prison監獄
that you have right to council評議會
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萊利:在監獄裡你有權利去委員會
13:54
or access訪問 to council評議會?
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或是接洽委員會不是受到保證的嗎?
13:56
WPWP: There's a tendency趨勢 in our culture文化
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波特:在我們的文化裡
13:58
to see when people have been
convicted被定罪 of a crime犯罪,
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看待當人已經被定罪時有著一種傾向,
14:01
no matter if that charge收費
was bogus虛假 or legitimate合法,
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不管是否這些起訴是非法或是正當的,
14:03
that whatever隨你 happens發生 to them
after that is warranted必要.
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他們之後會發生些什麼事情都是必要的;
14:06
And I think that's a really damaging有害
and dangerous危險 narrative敘述 that we have,
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而我認為那真的是我們所會有
造成傷害的、危險的描述,
14:10
that allows允許 these types類型
of things to happen發生,
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那放任了這些種類的事情發生,
14:12
as the general一般 public上市 just
kind of turns a blind eye to it.
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如同一般大眾就是像視而不見。
14:16
TRTR: All those documents文件 on screen屏幕
were all real真實 documents文件, word for word,
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萊利:所有在銀幕上頭的文件
都是真實的文件,
字字句句完全都沒改過對吧?
14:21
unchanged不變 at all, right?
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14:23
WPWP: Absolutely絕對. I've actually其實 uploaded上傳
all of them to my website網站.
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波特:半分不假!事實上我已經
全部上傳到了我的網站 -
14:26
It's willpotterwillpotter.comCOM/CMUCMU and it's
a footnoted腳註 version of the talk,
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willpotter.com/CMU;
這場演講的是註解過版本,
14:31
so you can see the documents文件 for yourself你自己
without the little snippets片段.
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所以你可以自己來看
這些公文並非片段,
14:34
You can see the full充分 version.
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你可以看見完整的版本。
14:36
I relied overwhelmingly壓倒性
on primary source資源 documents文件
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我極度地仰賴首要來源文件
14:39
or on primary interviews面試
with former前任的 and current當前 prisoners囚犯,
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或是與先前和現今囚犯、
14:42
with people that are dealing交易
with this situation情況 every一切 day.
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每天應付這些狀況之人的原始訪談,
14:45
And like I said, I've been
there myself, as well.
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而且就像我講過的
我也已經自己去過那邊了。
14:47
TRTR: You're doing courageous勇敢 work.
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波特:你正在做一件勇氣十足的工作!
14:49
WPWP: Thank you very much. Thank you all.
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波特:太感謝你了!謝謝你們大家!
14:51
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Harry Chen
Reviewed by Xiaoxiang Wang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Will Potter - Investigative journalist
Award-winning journalist and author, Will Potter focuses on the animal rights and environmental movements, and civil liberties in the post-9/11 era.

Why you should listen

Independent journalist and TED Fellow Will Potter is based in Washington, D.C.; his current work examines how whistleblowers and non-violent protesters are being treated as terrorists.

The author of Green Is The New Red: An Insider's Account of a Social Movement Under Siege, Potter has extensively documented how non-violent protest is slowly being criminalized. His reporting and commentary have been featured in the world's top media outlets, including the Washington Post, NPR, Rolling Stone, El Pais, and Le Monde. He has testified before the U.S. Congress about his reporting, as the only witness opposing the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act -- and he is a plaintiff in the first lawsuits challenging so-called "ag-gag" laws as unconstitutional.

Will has also lectured at many universities and public forums about his work, including Georgetown University, Harvard Law School, and the House of Democracy and Human Rights in Berlin. International speaking tours have included Germany, Austria, Switzerland, New Zealand, and Spain, and he was the international guest lecturer for Australia's 2014 animal law lecture series.

His reporting has overturned criminal prosecutions, and it has both been praised in Congressional reports and monitored by the Counter-Terrorism Unit.

More profile about the speaker
Will Potter | Speaker | TED.com