ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Andrew Forrest - Entrepreneur
Andrew "Twiggy" Forrest is an Australian businessman, philanthropist and entrepreneur, widely considered one of the country’s greatest change agents.

Why you should listen

As founder and chairman of Fortescue Metals Group, Andrew Forrest has led the company from inception to a market capitalisation of more than AU$30billion. In 2001, he co-founded Minderoo Foundation with his wife Nicola, and he's since donated more than AU$1.5 billion to its core initiatives and more than 280 causes around the world. Never daunted by the scale of a challenge, Forrest devotes his relentless energy to tackling some of the world’s greatest problems, including Indigenous disparity, modern slavery and cancer.

But it is Forrest's most recent pursuit -- a PhD in Marine Ecology -- that led him to the TED stage. Driven by a lifelong love for the oceans, Forrest studied marine life and, along the way, encountered the destructive impacts of ocean plastic pollution, which he is now striving to apprehend. 

More profile about the speaker
Andrew Forrest | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com
We the Future

Andrew Forrest: A radical plan to end plastic waste

Andrew Forrest: Rencana radikal untuk mengakhiri limbah plastik

Filmed:
1,981,991 views

Plastik adalah bahan yang luar biasa penting bagi perekonomian -- tetapi juga bahan terburuk bagi lingkungan, papar pengusaha Andrew Forrest. Dalam perbincangan yang bertujuan untuk memancing perdebatan, Forrest dan pimpinan TED, Chris Anderson, mendiskusikan sebuah rencana ambisius untuk membuat perusahaan-perusahaan terbesar di dunia bersedia mendanai sebuah revolusi lingkungan -- sekaligus transisi industri untuk mengganti semua plastik yang dipakainya dengan bahan daur ulang, bukan dari bahan bakar fosil.
- Entrepreneur
Andrew "Twiggy" Forrest is an Australian businessman, philanthropist and entrepreneur, widely considered one of the country’s greatest change agents. Full bio - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

(Tepuk tangan)
Chris: Anda kan sudah berkutat
dengan masalah ini
00:13
ChrisChris AndersonAnderson: So, you've been
obsessedterobsesi with this problemmasalah
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selama beberapa tahun terakhir.
00:15
for the last fewbeberapa yearstahun.
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Menurut Anda sendiri, apa inti masalahnya?
00:17
What is the problemmasalah, in your ownsendiri wordskata-kata?
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Andrew: Plastik.
00:19
AndrewAndrew ForrestForrest: PlasticPlastik.
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Itu saja.
00:21
SimpleSederhana as that.
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Ketidakmampuan kita
dalam memanfaatkannya
00:23
Our inabilityketidakmampuan to use it for the tremendoussangat
energeticenergik commoditykomoditi that it is,
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meski komoditas ini luar biasa penting,
00:30
and just throwmelemparkan it away.
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dan membuangnya begitu saja.
CA: Memang kita melihat sampah
di mana-mana.
00:32
CACA: And so we see wastelimbah everywheredimana mana.
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Bahkan pada kondisi ekstrem,
bisa tampak seperti ini.
00:35
At its extremeekstrim, it looksterlihat a bitsedikit like this.
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Sebenarnya foto ini diambil di mana?
00:38
I mean, where was this picturegambar takendiambil?
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AF: Itu di Filipina,
00:40
AFAf: That's in the PhilippinesFilipina,
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dan ada banyak sungai
yang terlihat persis seperti itu.
00:42
and you know, there's a lot of riverssungai,
ladiesWanita and gentlemenTuan-tuan,
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00:45
whichyang look exactlypersis like that.
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Yang ini di Filipina.
00:46
And that's the PhilippinesFilipina.
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Demikian juga di seantero Asia Tenggara.
00:47
So it's all over SoutheastTenggara AsiaAsia.
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CA: Jadi, plastik dibuang ke sungai,
00:49
CACA: So plasticplastik is throwndilemparkan into the riverssungai,
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dan tentu saja selanjutnya
berakhir di lautan.
00:51
and from there, of courseTentu saja,
it endsberakhir up in the oceanlautan.
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Memang kita jelas-jelas melihat
plastik di pantai,
00:54
I mean, we obviouslyjelas
see it on the beachespantai,
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tetapi malah bukan itu kan,
kerisauan utama Anda.
00:58
but that's not even your mainutama concernperhatian.
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Anda mencemaskan nasib plastik
yang berada di lautan.
01:01
It's what's actuallysebenarnya happeningkejadian to it
in the oceanslautan. Talk about that.
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Tolong jelaskan.
01:04
AFAf: OK, so look. Thank you, ChrisChris.
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AF: Oke. Terima kasih, Chris.
Jadi, sekitar empat tahun lalu,
saya terpikir untuk membuat gebrakan gila,
01:07
About fourempat yearstahun agolalu,
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01:08
I thought I'd do something
really barkingBarking crazygila,
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01:11
and I committedberkomitmen to do a PhDPhD
in marineMarinir ecologyekologi.
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dan bertekad mengambil Ph.D
di bidang ekologi kelautan.
Bagian ngerinya adalah,
01:16
And the scarymengerikan partbagian about that was,
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meski saya banyak belajar
mengenai kehidupan laut,
01:19
sure, I learnedterpelajar a lot about marineMarinir life,
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tetapi ia lebih banyak mengajarkan
tentang kematian laut
01:21
but it taughtdiajarkan me more about marineMarinir deathkematian
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01:23
and the extremeekstrim massmassa
ecologicalekologis fatalitykematian of fishikan,
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dan kematian ekologis
secara massal dan ekstrem
pada ikan, biota laut, mamalia laut,
01:30
of marineMarinir life, marineMarinir mammalsmamalia,
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kehidupan biologi
yang sangat dekat dengan kita,
01:32
very closedekat biologybiologi to us,
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jutaan bahkan mungkin triliunan
sampai tak terhitung jumlahnya
01:34
whichyang are dyingsekarat in the millionsjutaan
if not trillionstriliunan that we can't countmenghitung
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sekarat akibat plastik.
01:39
at the handstangan of plasticplastik.
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CA: Tetapi orang berpikir meski plastik
itu hal jelek namun ia lembam, kan?
01:40
CACA: But people think of plasticplastik
as uglyjelek but stablestabil. Right?
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Anda membuang plastik ke laut,
ia cuma akan tenggelam di sana selamanya.
01:44
You throwmelemparkan something in the oceanlautan,
"Hey, it'llitu akan just sitduduk there foreverselama-lamanya.
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01:48
Can't do any damagekerusakan, right?"
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Tidak akan merusak apa pun, kan?
01:49
AFAf: See, ChrisChris, it's an incredibleluar biasa
substancezat designeddirancang for the economyekonomi.
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AF: Plastik memang bahan luar biasa
yang dirancang demi ekonomi.
Plastik itu bahan terburuk
bagi lingkungan.
01:56
It is the worstterburuk substancezat possiblemungkin
for the environmentlingkungan Hidup.
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02:01
The worstterburuk thing about plasticsplastik,
as soonsegera as it hitshits the environmentlingkungan Hidup,
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Sifat terburuk plastik adalah
begitu masuk ke lingkungan,
ia terurai menjadi serpihan.
02:04
is that it fragmentsfragmen.
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02:07
It never stopsberhenti beingmakhluk plasticplastik.
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Ia tidak pernah berhenti menjadi plastik.
Ia terurai makin kecil, lagi, dan lagi,
02:09
It breaksistirahat down smallerlebih kecil
and smallerlebih kecil and smallerlebih kecil,
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02:12
and the breakingpemecahan scienceilmu on this, ChrisChris,
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dan berdasar temuan sains soal ini, Chris,
yang telah beberapa tahun ini
kita pahami di ekologi kelautan,
02:15
whichyang we'vekita sudah knowndikenal in marineMarinir ecologyekologi
for a fewbeberapa yearstahun now,
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02:17
but it's going to hitmemukul humansmanusia.
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hal ini akan berdampak pada manusia.
02:19
We are awaresadar now that nanoplasticnanoplastik,
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Kini kita sadar bahwa plastik nano,
partikel plastik yang sangatlah kecil,
02:23
the very, very smallkecil particlespartikel of plasticplastik,
carryingmembawa theirmereka negativenegatif chargebiaya,
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yang membawa muatan negatif,
dapat menembus langsung
pori-pori kulit Anda.
02:27
can go straightlurus throughmelalui
the porespori-pori of your skinkulit.
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Bukan itu kabar buruknya.
02:31
That's not the badburuk newsberita.
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02:32
The badburuk newsberita is that it goespergi
straightlurus throughmelalui the blood-braindarah-otak barrierpembatas,
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Kabar buruknya adalah partikel itu
dapat menembus darah sawar otak,
lapisan pembungkus yang
melindungi otak Anda.
02:37
that protectivepelindung coatinglapisan whichyang is there
to protectmelindungi your brainotak.
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Otak Anda adalah massa basah amorf,
yang dipenuhi oleh muatan listrik kecil.
02:40
Your brain'sotak a little amorphousamorf, wetbasah massmassa
fullpenuh of little electricallistrik chargesbiaya.
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02:44
You put a negativenegatif particlepartikel into that,
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Jika Anda menaruh
partikel negatif ke dalamnya,
partikel ini akan membuat
otak Anda menjadi bermuatan negatif.
02:47
particularlyterutama a negativenegatif particlepartikel
whichyang can carrymembawa pathogenspatogen --
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Lalu muatan negatif di otak Anda ini
akan menarik elemen bermuatan positif,
02:50
so you have a negativenegatif chargebiaya,
it attractsmenarik positive-chargemuatan positif elementselemen,
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02:54
like pathogenspatogen, toxinsracun,
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seperti patogen, racun,
merkuri, timbal.
02:57
mercuryMercury, leadmemimpin.
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Itulah temuan sains yang akan kita dapat
lihat dalam 12 bulan ke depan.
02:58
That's the breakingpemecahan scienceilmu
we're going to see in the nextberikutnya 12 monthsbulan.
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CA: Tadi Anda sudah bilang ada sekitar
600 kantong plastik atau lebih
03:01
CACA: So alreadysudah I think you told me
that there's like 600 plasticplastik bagstas or so
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03:05
for everysetiap fishikan that sizeukuran
in the oceanlautan, something like that.
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untuk setiap ikan seukuran itu di lautan.
Lalu, plastik itu terurai
03:09
And they're breakingpemecahan down,
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dan jumlahnya akan makin bertambah,
03:12
and there's going to be ever more of them,
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dan kita bahkan belum melihat
awal dari dampaknya.
03:14
and we haven'ttidak even seenterlihat the startmulai
of the consequenceskonsekuensi of that.
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AF: Belum, kita belum melihatnya.
03:17
AFAf: No, we really haven'ttidak.
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Tim di Ellen MacArthur Foundation,
yang merupakan para ilmuwan ahli,
03:18
The EllenEllen MacArthurMacArthur FoundationYayasan,
they're a bunchbanyak of good scientistsilmuwan,
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sudah menjalin kerja sama
cukup lama dengan kami.
03:22
we'vekita sudah been workingkerja with them for a while.
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Hasil kerja mereka telah saya verifikasi.
03:24
I've completelysama sekali verifieddiverifikasi theirmereka work.
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Mereka bilang akan ada satu ton plastik
03:26
They say there will be
one tonton of plasticplastik, ChrisChris,
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untuk setiap tiga ton ikan
-- bukan di tahun 2050
03:28
for everysetiap threetiga tonston
of fishikan by, not 2050 --
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03:31
and I really get impatienttidak sabar with people
who talk about 2050 -- by 2025.
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saya sungguh ingin membantah 2050 itu
-- sebetulnya di tahun 2025.
Jadi sudah ada di depan mata.
03:35
That's around the cornersudut.
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03:37
That's just the here and now.
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Sudah ada di sini dan saat ini.
Tidak perlu satu ton plastik
untuk menyapu habis kehidupan laut.
03:39
You don't need one tonton of plasticplastik
to completelysama sekali wipemenghapus out marineMarinir life.
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Kurang dari jumlah itu
sudah mampu mewujudkannya.
03:42
LessKurang than that is going
to do a fine jobpekerjaan at it.
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03:45
So we have to endakhir it straightawaylangsung.
We'veKami telah got no time.
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Jadi, kita harus mengakhirinya
sekarang juga.
Kita tidak punya waktu.
CA: Oke, jadi Anda punya ide
untuk mengakhirinya,
03:50
CACA: OK, so you have an ideaide for endingakhir it,
and you're comingkedatangan at this
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dan Anda mencetuskan ide itu
bukan sebagai aktivis lingkungan,
03:54
not as a typicalkhas environmentallingkungan
campaignerkampanye, I would say,
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melainkan sebagai pebisnis, pengusaha,
03:57
but as a businessmanpengusaha,
as an entrepreneurPengusaha, who has livedhidup --
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yang telah menjalani –
menghabiskan seluruh hidup Anda
04:00
you've spentmenghabiskan your wholeseluruh life thinkingberpikir
about globalglobal economicekonomis systemssistem
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memikirkan sistem ekonomi global
dan cara kerjanya.
04:04
and how they work.
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Dan kalau saya tidak keliru,
04:05
And if I understandmemahami it right,
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04:07
your ideaide dependstergantung on heroespahlawan
who look something like this.
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ide Anda bergantung pada para pahlawan
yang tampak seperti ini.
Apa profesinya?
04:13
What's her professionprofesi?
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04:15
AFAf: She, ChrisChris, is a ragpickeroleh ragpicker,
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AF: Chris, dia seorang pemulung,
dan ada 15 atau 20 juta orang seperti dia,
04:18
and there were 15, 20 millionjuta
ragpickersPara ragpickers like her,
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04:22
untilsampai ChinaCina stoppedberhenti takingpengambilan
everyone'ssemua orang wastelimbah.
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sebelum Tiongkok berhenti
menerima sampah semua orang.
Dan harga plastik, yang pada saat itu
sudah sangat rendah, makin anjlok.
04:26
And the priceharga of plasticplastik,
minusculesangat kecil that it was, collapsedruntuh.
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Hal itu mendorong orang-orang seperti dia,
04:30
That led to people like her,
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04:32
whichyang, now -- she is a childanak
who is a schoolchildanak sekolah.
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-- dia seorang anak usia sekolah.
Dia seharusnya di sekolah.
04:37
She should be at schoolsekolah.
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Ini mungkin sangat mirip
dengan perbudakan.
04:38
That's probablymungkin very akinakin to slaveryperbudakan.
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Putri saya, Grace, dan saya
telah menjumpai ratusan orang seperti dia.
04:40
My daughterputri GraceKasih karunia and I have metbertemu
hundredsratusan of people like her.
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CA: Banyak juga yang dewasa,
bahkan jutaan di seluruh dunia,
04:43
CACA: And there are manybanyak adultsorang dewasa as well,
literallysecara harfiah millionsjutaan around the worlddunia,
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dan di beberapa industri,
04:47
and in some industriesindustri,
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mereka sangat berjasa
dalam banyak hal, misalnya,
04:48
they actuallysebenarnya accountrekening
for the factfakta that, for examplecontoh,
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kita tidak melihat
banyak limbah logam di dunia.
04:51
we don't see a lot
of metallogam wastelimbah in the worlddunia.
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AF: Benar sekali.
04:53
AFAf: That's exactlypersis right.
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Gadis kecil itu, sebenarnya,
adalah pahlawan lingkungan.
04:54
That little girlgadis is, in factfakta,
the heropahlawan of the environmentlingkungan Hidup.
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Ia berlomba dengan pabrik
petrokimia raksasa di dekat situ,
04:57
She's in competitionkompetisi with
a great bigbesar petrochemicalpetrokimia plantmenanam
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05:01
whichyang is just down the roadjalan,
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yang bernilai tiga setengah miliar dolar.
05:02
the three-and-a-half-billion-dollartiga-dan-a-setengah miliar dolar
petrochemicalpetrokimia plantmenanam.
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Itulah masalahnya.
05:05
That's the problemmasalah.
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Kita punya lebih banyak minyak dan gas
berwujud plastik di pembuangan
05:06
We'veKami telah got more oilminyak and gasgas
in plasticplastik and landfillTPA
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daripada seluruh sumber daya
minyak dan gas Amerika Serikat.
05:11
than we have in the entireseluruh oilminyak and gasgas
resourcessumber daya of the UnitedInggris StatesSerikat.
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Jadi, dialah pahlawannya.
05:15
So she is the heropahlawan.
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Dan hadirin, seperti itulah
tempat pembuangan sampah,
05:17
And that's what that landfillTPA looksterlihat like,
ladiesWanita and gentlemenTuan-tuan,
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itulah minyak dan gas berwujud padat.
05:20
and it's solidpadat oilminyak and gasgas.
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CA: Jadi, ada potensi bernilai besar
yang terpendam di sana
05:22
CACA: So there's hugebesar valuenilai
potentiallyberpotensi lockedterkunci up in there
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untuk menghidupi para pemulung sedunia,
jika mereka bisa,
05:26
that the world'sdunia ragpickersPara ragpickers would,
if they could, make a livinghidup from.
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Tetapi, mengapa mereka tak bisa?
05:30
But why can't they?
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05:33
AFAf: Because we have ingrainedtertanam in us
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AF: Karena kita telah
menanamkan di benak kita
05:36
a priceharga of plasticplastik from fossilfosil fuelsbahan bakar,
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harga plastik dari bahan bakar fosil,
berada tepat di bawah biaya
yang diperlukan
05:40
whichyang sitsduduk just underdibawah what it takes
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05:44
to economicallysecara ekonomis and profitablymenguntungkan
recycledaur ulang plasticplastik from plasticplastik.
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untuk mendaur ulang plastik
secara ekonomis dan menguntungkan.
Ingat, semua plastik terbuat
dari minyak dan gas.
05:49
See, all plasticplastik is
is buildingbangunan blocksblok from oilminyak and gasgas.
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05:54
Plastic'sPlastik 100 percentpersen polymerpolimer,
whichyang is 100 percentpersen oilminyak and gasgas.
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Plastik adalah polimer 100 persen,
artinya 100 persen minyak dan gas.
05:58
And you know we'vekita sudah got
enoughcukup plasticplastik in the worlddunia
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Padahal, jumlah plastik sudah cukup
untuk kebutuhan seluruh dunia.
06:00
for all our needskebutuhan.
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Dan ketika kita mendaur ulang plastik,
06:01
And when we recycledaur ulang plasticplastik,
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kalau biayanya tidak lebih murah
daripada plastik bahan bakar fosil,
06:04
if we can't recycledaur ulang it cheaperlebih murah
than fossilfosil fuelbahan bakar plasticplastik,
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tentunya dunia akan tetap memilih
plastik bahan bakar fosil.
06:07
then, of courseTentu saja, the worlddunia
just stickstongkat to fossilfosil fuelbahan bakar plasticplastik.
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CA: Jadi, itulah masalah mendasarnya,
06:10
CACA: So that's the fundamentalmendasar problemmasalah,
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harga plastik daur ulang
biasanya lebih tinggi
06:12
the priceharga of recycleddidaur ulang plasticplastik
is usuallybiasanya more
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daripada harga plastik
yang baru dibuat dari minyak.
06:17
than the priceharga of just buyingpembelian
it madeterbuat freshsegar from more oilminyak.
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Itulah masalah pokoknya.
06:21
That's the fundamentalmendasar problemmasalah.
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AF: Ada sedikit utak-atik aturan di sini.
06:23
AFAf: A slightsedikit tweaktweak
of the rulesaturan here, ChrisChris.
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3139
Saya seorang pengusaha komoditas.
06:26
I'm a commoditykomoditi personorang.
125
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1768
06:28
I understandmemahami that we used to have
scrapmembatalkan metallogam and rubbishsampah ironbesi
126
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6999
Saya paham bahwa kami dulu
mengumpulkan logam rongsokan,
sampah besi, dan potongan tembaga
yang tersebar di desa-desa,
06:35
and bitsbit of coppertembaga lyingbohong
all roundbulat the villagesdesa,
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3011
terutama di negara berkembang.
06:38
particularlyterutama in the developingmengembangkan worlddunia.
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Dan masyarakat tahu bahwa
semua benda tadi laku.
06:40
And people workedbekerja out it's got a valuenilai.
129
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1896
06:41
It's actuallysebenarnya an articleartikel of valuenilai,
130
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3155
Barang-barang tadi punya nilai,
bukan limbah.
06:45
not of wastelimbah.
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Kini desa-desa, kota-kota,
dan jalan-jalan terlihat bersih,
06:46
Now the villagesdesa and the citieskota
and the streetsjalanan are cleanbersih,
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06:49
you don't tripperjalanan over scrapmembatalkan coppertembaga
or scrapmembatalkan ironbesi now,
133
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4538
Anda kini tidak akan tersandung
tembaga atau besi tua,
karena benda itu barang bernilai,
mereka didaur ulang.
06:54
because it's an articleartikel of valuenilai,
it getsmendapat recycleddidaur ulang.
134
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3355
06:57
CACA: So what's your ideaide, then,
to try to changeperubahan that in plasticsplastik?
135
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CA: Kalau begitu, apa ide Anda
untuk mengubah hal itu pada plastik?
AF: Oke, begini Chris,
07:03
AFAf: OK, so ChrisChris,
136
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1612
07:04
for mostpaling partbagian of that PhDPhD,
I've been doing researchpenelitian.
137
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3959
selama sebagian besar waktu Ph.D itu,
saya melakukan penelitian.
07:08
And the good thing about beingmakhluk
a businesspersonpebisnis who'ssiapa doneselesai OK at it
138
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3271
Ada untungnya menjadi pengusaha sukses,
07:12
is that people want to see you.
139
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1861
orang jadi ingin menemui Anda.
07:14
Other businesspeoplepebisnis,
140
422121
1165
Meskipun Anda jadi seperti spesies hewan
di kebun binatang yang dikunjungi orang,
07:15
even if you're kindjenis of a bitsedikit of a zookebun binatang
animalhewan speciesjenis they'dmereka akan like to checkmemeriksa out,
141
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4103
pebisnis lain antusias bisa bertemu
dengan Twiggly Forrest.
07:19
they'llmereka akan say, yeah, OK,
we'llbaik all meetmemenuhi TwiggyTwiggy ForrestForrest.
142
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2486
Begitu berada di tengah mereka,
07:21
And so oncesekali you're in there,
143
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1869
Anda dapat menginterogasi mereka.
07:23
you can interrogatemenginterogasi them.
144
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1520
07:25
And I've been to mostpaling of the oilminyak and gasgas
and fast-movingbergerak cepat consumerkonsumen good companiesperusahaan
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5969
Saya telah mengunjungi sebagian besar
perusahaan minyak dan gas
serta barang konsumen
bergerak cepat (FMCG) di dunia,
07:31
in the worlddunia,
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1201
dan ada itikad nyata untuk berubah.
07:32
and there is a realnyata will to changeperubahan.
147
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3080
Memang ada beberapa raksasa tua
07:35
I mean, there's a couplepasangan of dinosaursdinosaurus
148
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1805
yang mengharap situasi terbaik
tanpa mau berbuat apa-apa,
07:37
who are going to hopeberharap
for the bestterbaik and do nothing,
149
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2488
07:40
but there's a realnyata will to changeperubahan.
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1950
tetapi ada juga keinginan nyata
untuk berubah.
07:42
So what I've been discussingmendiskusikan is,
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1789
Maksud saya adalah,
07:43
the seventujuh and a halfsetengah billionmilyar
people in the worlddunia
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3476
tujuh setengah miliar orang di dunia
sebenarnya tidak pantas mengalami
kehancuran lingkungan akibat plastik,
07:47
don't actuallysebenarnya deservepantas to have
theirmereka environmentlingkungan Hidup smashedhancur by plasticplastik,
153
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3917
07:51
theirmereka oceanslautan renderedditerjemahkan depauperateoada
or barrentandus of sealaut life because of plasticplastik.
154
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5212
lautan mereka mengalami kemerosotan
atau kemusnahan biota laut karena plastik.
Jadi, jika Anda menelusuri rantai itu,
07:56
So you come down that chainrantai,
155
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1433
ada puluhan ribu merek
yang produknya kita borong,
07:57
and there's tenspuluhan of thousandsribuan of brandsmerek
whichyang we all buymembeli heapstumpukan of productsproduk from,
156
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4143
tetapi hanya ada 100 produsen resin utama,
08:02
but then there's only a hundredratus
majorutama resinresin producersprodusen,
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3475
pabrik petrokimia besar,
08:05
bigbesar petrochemicalpetrokimia plantstanaman,
158
473634
2136
yang menghamburkan semua
plastik sekali pakai.
08:07
that spewmemuntahkan out all the plasticplastik
whichyang is singletunggal use.
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2719
CA: Jadi, ada 100 perusahaan
tepat di dasar rantai makanan ini.
08:10
CACA: So one hundredratus companiesperusahaan
160
478537
1383
08:11
are right at the basemendasarkan
of this foodmakanan chainrantai, as it were.
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2501
AF: Ya.
08:14
AFAf: Yeah.
162
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1159
CA: Jadi, apa yang harus dilakukan
oleh 100 perusahaan itu?
08:15
CACA: And so what do you need
those one hundredratus companiesperusahaan to do?
163
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2945
AF: Oke, jadi kita minta mereka
untuk sekadar menaikkan harga
08:18
AFAf: OK, so we need them
to simplysecara sederhana raisemenaikkan the valuenilai
164
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4549
bijih plastik dari minyak dan gas,
08:23
of the buildingbangunan blocksblok of plasticplastik
from oilminyak and gasgas,
165
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2864
yang saya sebut "plastik jahat,"
08:26
whichyang I call "badburuk plasticplastik,"
166
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2575
menaikkan harga plastik itu,
08:28
raisemenaikkan the valuenilai of that,
167
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1302
08:30
so that when it spreadsmenyebar throughmelalui the brandsmerek
and ontoke us, the customerspelanggan,
168
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3829
sehingga saat terjual
sampai ke tangan kita, para pelanggan,
kita nyaris tidak menyadari
kenaikan harga pada cangkir kopi kita
08:33
we won'tbiasa barelyhampir even noticemelihat
an increasemeningkat in our coffeekopi cupcangkir
169
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4457
atau Coke atau Pepsi, atau apa pun.
08:38
or CokeCoke or PepsiPepsi, or anything.
170
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2983
CA: Misalnya berapa, tambah satu sen?
08:41
CACA: Like, what, like a centsen extratambahan?
171
509348
1764
AF: Kurang dari itu.
Seperempat sen, setengah sen.
08:43
AFAf: LessKurang. QuarterKuartal of a centsen, halfsetengah a centsen.
172
511136
1998
Kenaikannya sangatlah kecil.
08:45
It'llItu akan be absolutelybenar minimalminimal.
173
513158
3190
Tetapi dampaknya,
08:48
But what it does,
174
516372
1253
08:49
it makesmembuat everysetiap bitsedikit of plasticplastik
all over the worlddunia an articleartikel of valuenilai.
175
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4692
akan membuat setiap keping plastik
di seluruh dunia menjadi barang bernilai.
08:54
Where you have the wastelimbah worstterburuk,
176
522365
3477
Di mana Anda punya limbah terburuk,
katakanlah Asia Tenggara, India,
08:57
say SoutheastTenggara AsiaAsia, IndiaIndia,
177
525866
1884
di situlah letak kekayaan terbesar.
08:59
that's where the wealthkekayaan is mostpaling.
178
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2081
CA: Oke, rasanya ada dua bahasan di sini.
09:01
CACA: OK, so it feelsterasa like
there's two partsbagian to this.
179
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2453
09:04
One is, if they will chargebiaya more moneyuang
180
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3998
Pertama, kalau mereka
membebankan biaya lebih tinggi,
09:08
but carvemengukir out that excesskelebihan
181
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3183
mengumpulkan kelebihan itu
lalu membayarnya -- ke siapa?
09:11
and paymembayar it -- into what? --
a funddana operateddioperasikan by someonesome one
182
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4470
-- apakah ke pendanaan yang dioperasikan
untuk mengatasi masalah ini -- apakah itu?
09:16
to tacklemengatasi this problemmasalah of -- what?
183
544079
2765
Kelebihan biaya yang dikenakan itu
akan dipakai untuk apa?
09:18
What would that moneyuang be used for,
that they chargebiaya the extratambahan for?
184
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3591
AF: Jadi, saat berbicara dengan
perusahaan-perusahaan besar,
09:22
AFAf: So when I speakberbicara
to really bigbesar businessesbisnis,
185
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jika bilang, "Dengar, saya mau Anda
berubah, dengan sangat cepat,"
09:24
I say, "Look, I need you to changeperubahan,
and I need you to changeperubahan really fastcepat,"
186
552967
3546
mata mereka akan mendelik bosan,
09:28
theirmereka eyesmata are going
to peelkulit over in boredomkebosanan,
187
556537
2716
kecuali ditambahkan,
"prospek bisnisnya bagus."
09:31
unlesskecuali kalau I say, "And it's good businessbisnis."
188
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2339
"Oke, sekarang saya tertarik, Andrew."
09:33
"OK, now you've got my attentionperhatian, AndrewAndrew."
189
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2093
Maka, saya bilang,
"Saya ingin Anda berkontribusi
09:35
So I say, "Right, I need
you to make a contributionkontribusi
190
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2836
ke sebuah dana transisi
lingkungan dan industri.
09:38
to an environmentallingkungan
and industryindustri transitiontransisi funddana.
191
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2536
Selama dua atau tiga tahun,
09:41
Over two or threetiga yearstahun,
192
569177
1435
seluruh industri plastik global
dapat bertransisi
09:42
the entireseluruh globalglobal plasticsplastik industryindustri
193
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2197
09:44
can transitiontransisi from gettingmendapatkan
its buildingbangunan blocksblok from fossilfosil fuelbahan bakar
194
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4106
dari bijih plastik bahan bakar fosil
ke bijih dari plastik daur ulang.
09:48
to gettingmendapatkan its buildingbangunan
blocksblok from plasticplastik.
195
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2095
09:51
The technologyteknologi is out there.
196
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1461
Teknologinya sudah tersedia.
Sudah terbukti."
09:52
It's proventerbukti."
197
580591
1270
Saya telah merintis dua
operasi multi-miliar dolar dari nol,
09:53
I've takendiambil two multibillion-dollarmultimilyar dolar
operationsoperasi from nothing,
198
581885
3477
dengan melihat bahwa teknologinya
dapat dibuat skala besar.
09:57
recognizingmengenali that
the technologyteknologi can be scaledskala.
199
585386
2819
Setidaknya saya melihat selusin teknologi
untuk menangani semua jenis plastik.
10:00
I see at leastpaling sedikit a dozenlusin technologiesteknologi
in plasticplastik to handlemenangani all typesjenis of plasticplastik.
200
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4494
Jadi, begitu semua teknologi itu
meraih margin ekonomis,
10:04
So oncesekali those technologiesteknologi
have an economicekonomis marginmargin,
201
592747
3552
dengan skema tadi,
10:08
whichyang this givesmemberi them,
202
596323
1922
di situlah masyarakat global
akan memperoleh semua plastiknya,
10:10
that's where the globalglobal publicpublik
will get all theirmereka plasticplastik from,
203
598269
3264
10:13
from existingada plasticplastik.
204
601557
1874
dari plastik yang sudah ada.
CA: Jadi setiap penjualan plastik murni
akan menyumbangkan uang
10:15
CACA: So everysetiap saleDijual of virginperawan plasticplastik
contributesberkontribusi moneyuang to a funddana
205
603455
4141
ke penggalangan dana yang pada dasarnya
dipakai dalam mentransisikan industri
10:19
that is used to basicallypada dasarnya
transitiontransisi the industryindustri
206
607620
2834
10:22
and startmulai to paymembayar for things
like cleanuppembersihan and other piecespotongan.
207
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2843
serta mulai membiayai hal lain
seperti pembersihan.
10:25
AFAf: AbsolutelyBenar-benar. AbsolutelyBenar-benar.
208
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1365
AF: Pastinya.
10:26
CACA: And it has
the incredibleluar biasa sidesisi benefitmanfaat,
209
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2012
CA: Dan manfaat sampingannya luar biasa,
10:28
whichyang is maybe even the mainutama benefitmanfaat,
210
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1781
yang bahkan mungkin manfaat utama
yaitu menciptakan sebuah pasar.
10:30
of creatingmenciptakan a marketpasar.
211
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1350
10:31
It suddenlymendadak makesmembuat recyclabledapat didaur ulang plasticplastik
212
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3132
Hal ini seketika akan
membuat plastik daur ulang
menjadi bisnis raksasa
yang dapat membuka peluang
10:35
a giantraksasa businessbisnis that can unlockmembuka
millionsjutaan of people around the worlddunia
213
623105
4589
bagi jutaan orang sedunia
untuk mencari nafkah
dengan mengumpulkan plastik.
10:39
to find a newbaru livinghidup collectingmengumpulkan it.
214
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1841
AF: Ya, tepat sekali.
10:41
AFAf: Yeah, exactlypersis.
215
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1153
10:42
So all you do is, you've got fossilfosil
fuelbahan bakar plasticsplastik at this valuenilai
216
630760
4524
Jadi, satu-satunya
yang perlu dilakukan adalah,
awalnya plastik bahan bakar fosil
bernilai sekian,
10:47
and recycleddidaur ulang plasticplastik at this valuenilai.
217
635308
2057
dan plastik daur ulang sekian,
Anda ubah itu.
10:49
You changeperubahan it.
218
637389
1313
Maka, plastik daur ulang
menjadi lebih murah.
10:50
So recycleddidaur ulang plasticplastik is cheaperlebih murah.
219
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2587
Yang paling saya suka dari ini, Chris,
10:53
What I love about this mostpaling, ChrisChris,
is that, you know,
220
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3167
10:56
we wastelimbah into the environmentlingkungan Hidup
300, 350 millionjuta tonston of plasticplastik.
221
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5551
kita mengotori lingkungan
dengan 300-350 juta ton plastik.
Menurut perkiraan perusahaan
minyak dan gas itu sendiri,
11:02
On the oilminyak and gasgas companiesperusahaan ownsendiri accountsakun,
222
650402
2537
jumlah itu akan naik hingga 500 juta ton.
11:04
it's going to growtumbuh to 500 millionjuta tonston.
223
652963
2016
Masalah ini makin parah begitu cepat.
11:07
This is an acceleratingmempercepat problemmasalah.
224
655003
2428
Tetapi, setiap tonnya adalah polimer.
11:09
But everysetiap tonton of that is polymerpolimer.
225
657455
3750
Polimer bernilai 1.000 dolar,
1.500 dolar per ton.
11:13
PolymerPolimer is 1,000 dollarsdolar,
1,500 dollarsdolar a tonton.
226
661229
3504
Artinya, ada setengah triliun dolar
yang dapat ditanam ke bisnis
11:16
That's halfsetengah a trilliontriliun dollarsdolar
whichyang could go into businessbisnis
227
664757
4104
dan menciptakan pekerjaan dan peluang
serta kesejahteraan di seluruh dunia,
11:20
and could createmembuat jobspekerjaan and opportunitieskesempatan
and wealthkekayaan right acrossmenyeberang the worlddunia,
228
668885
3539
terutama di negara-negara termiskin.
Namun, kita menyia-nyiakannya.
11:24
particularlyterutama in the mostpaling impoverishedmiskin.
229
672448
1999
11:26
YetNamun we throwmelemparkan it away.
230
674471
1257
CA: Jadi, perusahaan besar berkesempatan
11:27
CACA: So this would allowmengizinkan the bigbesar companiesperusahaan
to investmenginvestasikan in recyclingmendaur ulang plantstanaman
231
675752
3380
untuk berinvestasi di pabrik daur ulang
di belahan dunia manapun --
11:31
literallysecara harfiah all over the worlddunia --
232
679156
1509
AF: Di seluruh dunia.
11:32
AFAf: All over the worlddunia.
233
680689
1152
Karena teknologinya bermodal rendah,
11:33
Because the technologyteknologi
is low-capitalmodal rendah costbiaya,
234
681865
2048
ini bisa ditaruh di pembuangan sampah,
di lantai dasar hotel besar,
11:35
you can put it in at rubbishsampah dumpspembuangan,
at the bottombawah of bigbesar hotelshotel,
235
683937
3037
penampungan sampah, di mana-mana,
11:38
garbagesampah depotsDepot, everywheredimana mana,
236
686998
1302
mengubah sampah menjadi resin.
11:40
turnbelok that wastelimbah into resinresin.
237
688324
1294
CA: Nah, Anda filantropis yang siap
menyumbangkan sebagian kekayaan untuk ini.
11:41
CACA: Now, you're a philanthropistfilantropis,
238
689642
1598
11:43
and you're readysiap to commitmelakukan
some of your ownsendiri wealthkekayaan to this.
239
691264
2789
Apakah peran filantrofi dalam proyek ini?
11:46
What is the roleperan of philanthropyfilantropi
in this projectproyek?
240
694077
2298
AF: Menurut saya kita harus menanamkan
40-50 juta dolar AS untuk memulainya,
11:48
AFAf: I think what we have to do
is kicktendangan in the 40 to 50 millionjuta US dollarsdolar
241
696399
3834
11:52
to get it going,
242
700257
1400
lalu kita harus menciptakan
transparansi mutlak
11:53
and then we have to createmembuat
absolutemutlak transparencytransparansi
243
701681
2469
11:56
so everyonesemua orang can see
exactlypersis what's going on.
244
704174
3230
sehingga semua orang bisa melihat
apa persisnya yang sedang berlangsung.
11:59
From the resinresin producersprodusen
to the brandsmerek to the consumerskonsumen,
245
707428
3260
Dari produsen resin,
ke pemegang merek, ke konsumen,
semua orang harus melihat
siapa yang ikut bermain,
12:02
everyonesemua orang getsmendapat to see
who is playingbermain the gamepermainan,
246
710712
2524
siapa yang melindungi bumi,
dan siapa yang tidak peduli.
12:05
who is protectingmelindungi the EarthBumi,
and who doesn't carepeduli.
247
713260
2658
Proyek ini akan menelan biaya
sekitar satu juta dolar seminggu,
12:07
And that'llitu akan costbiaya about
a millionjuta dollarsdolar a weekminggu,
248
715942
2331
12:10
and we're going to underwritemenanggung
that for fivelima yearstahun.
249
718297
2386
kami akan tanggung itu
selama lima tahun.
Total kontribusi sekitar
300 juta dolar AS.
12:12
TotalTotal contributionkontribusi is circaCirca
300 millionjuta US dollarsdolar.
250
720707
2830
CA: Wah.
12:15
CACA: WowWow.
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Nah --
12:16
Now --
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(Tepuk tangan)
12:18
(ApplauseTepuk tangan)
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Anda sudah berbicara dengan beberapa
perusahaan lain, seperti Coca-Cola,
12:23
You've talkedberbicara to other companiesperusahaan,
like to the Coca-ColasCoca-Cola of this worlddunia,
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yang bersedia melakukan ini,
12:26
who are willingrela to do this,
they're willingrela to paymembayar a higherlebih tinggi priceharga,
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mereka bersedia membayar lebih tinggi,
12:29
they would like to paymembayar a higherlebih tinggi priceharga,
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mau membayar lebih tinggi,
asalkan adil.
12:31
so long as it's fairadil.
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AF: Ya, tentu adil.
12:32
AFAf: Yeah, it's fairadil.
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740742
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Coca-Cola tidak akan suka
Pepsi bekerja sama
12:35
So, Coca-ColaCoca-Cola wouldn'ttidak akan
like PepsiPepsi to playbermain ballbola
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kecuali kalau seluruh dunia tahu
bahwa Pepsi tidak bekerja sama.
12:38
unlesskecuali kalau the wholeseluruh worlddunia knewtahu
that PepsiPepsi wasn'ttidak playingbermain ballbola.
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Mereka tidak peduli.
12:41
Then they don't carepeduli.
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12:42
So it's that transparencytransparansi of the marketpasar
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Jadi, ini soal transparansi pasar,
kalau orang mencoba mencurangi sistem,
12:45
where, if people try and cheatCheat the systemsistem,
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12:47
the marketpasar can see it,
the consumerskonsumen can see it.
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pasar dapat melihatnya,
konsumen dapat melihatnya.
12:50
The consumerskonsumen want a roleperan to playbermain in this.
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Konsumen ingin berperan dalam hal ini.
Tujuh setengah miliar dari kita
12:52
SevenTujuh and a halfsetengah billionmilyar of us.
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tidak ingin dunia kita hancur
oleh 100 perusahaan.
12:53
We don't want our worlddunia smashedhancur
by a hundredratus companiesperusahaan.
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CA: Jadi apa yang bisa dilakukan
oleh perusahaan dan Anda?
12:56
CACA: Well, so tell us, you've said
what the companiesperusahaan can do
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Apa yang bisa dilakukan oleh mereka
yang sedang mendengarkan ini?
12:59
and what you're willingrela to do.
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13:00
What can people listeningmendengarkan do?
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AF: Oke, jadi, saya ingin agar kita semua,
di mana pun kita berada,
13:02
AFAf: OK, so I would like all of us,
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770084
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13:04
all around the worlddunia,
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untuk mengunjungi situs web
bernama noplasticwaste.org.
13:05
to go a websitesitus web calledbernama noplasticwastenoplasticwaste.orgorg.
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Hubungilah seratus produsen resin
yang dekat dengan Anda.
13:08
You contactkontak your hundredratus resinresin producersprodusen
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13:10
whichyang are in your regionwilayah.
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1440
13:12
You will have at leastpaling sedikit one
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Setidaknya Anda menghubungi satu
13:14
withindalam an emaile-mail or TwitterTwitter
or a telephonetelepon contactkontak from you,
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4434
lewat email atau Twitter atau telepon,
beri tahu mereka bahwa
Anda ingin mereka berkontribusi
13:18
and let them know that you would like them
to make a contributionkontribusi to a funddana
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786505
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terhadap dana yang dapat dikelola
oleh industri ataupun Bank Dunia.
13:23
whichyang industryindustri can managemengelola
or the WorldDunia BankBank can managemengelola.
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791964
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13:26
It raisesmeningkatkan tenspuluhan of billionsmiliaran
of dollarsdolar perper yeartahun
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Dana itu menggalang
puluhan miliar dolar per tahun
sehingga Anda bisa mentransisikan industri
agar semua plastiknya dari plastik.
13:30
so you can transitiontransisi the industryindustri
to gettingmendapatkan all its plasticplastik from plasticplastik,
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Bukan dari minyak bumi.
Kita tak butuh itu.
13:35
not from fossilfosil fuelbahan bakar.
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13:36
We don't need that.
That's badburuk. This is good.
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Itu jelek, ini yang bagus.
13:38
And it can cleanbersih up the environmentlingkungan Hidup.
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2012
Dan ini dapat membersihkan lingkungan.
13:40
We'veKami telah got enoughcukup capitalmodal there,
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Kita punya cukup modal di sana,
13:42
we'vekita sudah got tenspuluhan of billionsmiliaran
of dollarsdolar, ChrisChris, perper annumtahun
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kita punya puluhan miliar dolar per tahun
untuk membersihkan lingkungan.
13:45
to cleanbersih up the environmentlingkungan Hidup.
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CA: Anda bergelut di bisnis daur ulang.
13:46
CACA: You're in the recyclingmendaur ulang businessbisnis.
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Akankah ada konflik kepentingan,
13:48
Isn't this a conflictkonflik of interestbunga for you,
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2006
atau sebaliknya, ini peluang bisnis besar?
13:50
or ratheragak, a hugebesar businessbisnis
opportunitykesempatan for you?
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818385
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AF: Ya, saya memang aktif
di bisnis bijih besi,
13:52
AFAf: Yeah, look, I'm in
the ironbesi orebijih businessbisnis,
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dan saya bersaing dengan
bisnis logam rongsokan,
13:54
and I competebersaing againstmelawan
the scrapmembatalkan metallogam businessbisnis,
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822775
2209
dan itulah sebabnya Anda
tidak melihat rongsokan berserakan,
13:57
and that's why you don't have
any scrapmembatalkan lyingbohong around to tripperjalanan over,
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825008
3435
membuat Anda tersandung,
dan melukai jari kaki Anda,
14:00
and cutmemotong your toekaki on,
294
828467
1449
14:01
because it getsmendapat collecteddikumpulkan.
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829940
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karena sudah dikumpulkan.
14:03
CACA: This isn't your excusealasan
to go into the plasticplastik recyclingmendaur ulang businessbisnis.
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CA: Ini bukan alasan terjun
ke bisnis daur ulang plastik.
AF: Tidak, saya akan bersorak
mengawal suksesnya rencana ini.
14:06
AFAf: No, I am going to cheerCHEER for this boomledakan.
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834558
2321
Sampai limbah plastik jadi marak
seperti internet.
14:08
This will be the internetInternet
of plasticplastik wastelimbah.
298
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2111
14:11
This will be a boomledakan industryindustri
whichyang will spreadpenyebaran all over the worlddunia,
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3339
Industri ini akan tumbuh pesat
dan marak di seluruh dunia,
khususnya di daerah paling miskin,
14:14
and particularlyterutama where povertykemiskinan is worstterburuk
because that's where the rubbishsampah is mostpaling,
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842401
4059
karena di situlah sampah terbanyak,
dan itulah sumber dayanya.
14:18
and that's the resourcesumber.
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1316
Jadi, saya akan menyoraki dan mengawasi.
14:19
So I'm going to cheerCHEER for it
and standberdiri back.
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CA: Twiggy, kita berada di era
14:23
CACA: TwiggyTwiggy, we're in an eraera
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dengan begitu banyak orang
di seluruh dunia
14:24
where so manybanyak people around the worlddunia
are cravingidaman a newbaru, regenerativeregeneratif economyekonomi,
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852424
4665
mendambakan ekonomi regeneratif baru,
supaya rantai pasok yang besar ini,
industri-industri besar ini,
14:29
these bigbesar supplymenyediakan chainsrantai,
these bigbesar industriesindustri,
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857113
2629
14:31
to fundamentallypada dasarnya transformmengubah.
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859766
2041
dapat berubah secara mendasar.
Saya terpana oleh ide raksasa ini,
14:33
It strikespemogokan me as a giantraksasa ideaide,
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861831
1732
14:35
and you're going to need a lot of people
cheeringsorak-sorai you on your way
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863587
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Anda akan perlu banyak dukungan orang
dalam mewujudkannya.
Terima kasih telah berbagi dengan kami.
14:38
to make it happenterjadi.
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866671
1166
14:39
Thank you for sharingberbagi this with us.
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867861
1675
AF: Terima kasih banyak, Chris.
14:41
AFAf: Thank you very much. Thank you, ChrisChris.
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(Tepuk tangan)
14:43
(ApplauseTepuk tangan)
312
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1492
Translated by Deera Army Pramana
Reviewed by Made Pramana

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Andrew Forrest - Entrepreneur
Andrew "Twiggy" Forrest is an Australian businessman, philanthropist and entrepreneur, widely considered one of the country’s greatest change agents.

Why you should listen

As founder and chairman of Fortescue Metals Group, Andrew Forrest has led the company from inception to a market capitalisation of more than AU$30billion. In 2001, he co-founded Minderoo Foundation with his wife Nicola, and he's since donated more than AU$1.5 billion to its core initiatives and more than 280 causes around the world. Never daunted by the scale of a challenge, Forrest devotes his relentless energy to tackling some of the world’s greatest problems, including Indigenous disparity, modern slavery and cancer.

But it is Forrest's most recent pursuit -- a PhD in Marine Ecology -- that led him to the TED stage. Driven by a lifelong love for the oceans, Forrest studied marine life and, along the way, encountered the destructive impacts of ocean plastic pollution, which he is now striving to apprehend. 

More profile about the speaker
Andrew Forrest | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com